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Syafik, Munjin, Raisha Nadina Nur Fitria, Bama Andika Putra, and Darwis. "Australia's Role in Supporting Kiribati's Migration with Dignity Policy Dealing with Sea Level Rise in the South Pacific." Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Studies 4, no. 2 (May 15, 2022): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jhsss.2022.4.2.13.
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This study aims to describe Kiribati's adaptation efforts through the "Migration with Dignity" policy that the government made to deal with the sea level rise problem and to describe Australia's role in supporting Kiribati in carrying out this policy. The research method used in this research is a descriptive analytical research type that describes the cause and effect of a certain phenomenon, in this case, climate change, by describing data, facts, and arguments relevant to the discussion. The results of this study indicate that through migration policy as an adaptation strategy, the Kiribati government builds its capacity to respond to human security threats arising from sea level rise and fulfills the responsibility to ensure the survival of the population through education and skills development programs. In this regard, Australia plays a role as the dominant regional actor by providing assistance through AusAID. Australia's foreign aid as a donor country is used to meet the needs of Kiribati as a recipient country to support the "Migration with Dignity" policy.
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Juita, Dewi Nawar Sri, and Baiq L. S. W. Wardhani. "Bantuan Australia kepada Kiribati melalui Program Kiribati Australia Nursing Initiative (KANI)." Insignia: Journal of International Relations 8, no. 1 (March 24, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.ins.2021.8.1.3486.
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Kiribati merupakan salah satu negara yang terletak di Kepulauan Pasifik yang rentan dengan banjir karena kenaikan permukaan air laut dan diperkirakan akan tenggelam pada tahun 2050. Selain itu, Kiribati juga dihadapkan oleh permasalahan domestik, seperti pengangguran dan kemiskinan. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut, pemerintah Kiribati berupaya untuk membentuk kebijakan yang dikenal dengan “migration with dignity” dengan meningkatkan program pendidikan dan keterampilan. Untuk mendukung kebijakan tersebut, pemerintah Australia sebagai negara tetangga Kiribati, memberikan bantuan berupa beasiswa kepada masyarakat Kiribati dalam bentuk program beasiswa pendidikan geratis di bidang keperawatan dan memberikan kesempatan bagi masyarakat Kiribati yang telah lulus program tersebut untuk bekerja langsung di Australia. Bantuan beasiswa ini dikenal dengan Kiribati Australia Nursing Initiative (KANI). Penelitian ini menjawab pertanyaan faktor-faktor yang menjadi motif Australia dalam membantu Kiribati. Penelitian ini berupa studi kepustakaan dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif, mengumpulkan data dari buku, internet, dan artikel ilmiah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa KANI merupakan program beasiswa yang tidak saja menguntungkan Kiribati sebagai negara penerima, tetapi juga menguntungkan Australia sebagai negara pemberi bantuan luar negeri. Self-interest Australia yang dominan dalam program KANI adalah kebutuhannya pada kekurangan tenaga kerja pada sektor kesehatan akibat terbatasnya sumber daya manusia dalam memenuhi kebutuhan tersebut, sekaligus untuk memenuhi tugas regional Australia sebagai ‘big brother’ di Pasifik.
Kata kunci: Australia, bantuan luar negeri, KANI, Kiribati
Kiribati is a nation in the Pacific Island that is exposed to flooding due to rising sea levels and is expected to sink by 2050. In addition, Kiribati is also faced domestic problems such as unemployment and poverty. To solve the problems, Kiribati government seeks to establish a policy known as "migration with dignity" by improving education and skills programs. To support this policy, Australian government as a neighboring country of Kiribati, provides scholarship assistance to the Kiribati community in the form of free education scholarship programs in the field of nursing and provides opportunities for kiribati citizen who have passed the program to work directly in Australia. This scholarship assistance is known as Kiribati Australia Nursing Initiative (KANI). This study answers the question of Australia's motive in helping Kiribati. This research is in the form of literature studies using qualitative methods, collecting data from books, the internet, journals and scientific articles. The result showed that KANI is a scholarship program that not only benefits Kiribati as a receiving country, but also benefits Australa as a foreign aid provider. Australia's dominant self-interest in KANI program is its need for workforce shortages in the health sector due to limited human resources in meeting those needs, as well as to fulfill Australia's regional duty as a 'big brother' in the Pacific.
Keywords: Australia, foreign aid, KANI, Kiribati
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Sasaki, Daisuke, Irene Taafaki, Takuia Uakeia, Jennifer Seru, Yolanda McKay, and Hermon Lajar. "Influence of Religion, Culture and Education on Perception of Climate Change and its Implications: Applying Structural Equation Modeling (SEM)." Journal of Disaster Research 14, no. 9 (December 1, 2019): 1303–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2019.p1303.
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Currently, structural equation modeling (SEM) is widely used in the discipline of social sciences because of its capability in exploring causal relationships among variables. By applying SEM, this study aims to verify the hypothesis that there exist three fundamental factors (religion, culture, education) that influence the perception of climate change. The researchers took advantages of the output results of the questionnaire survey that had been conducted both in Majuro, the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) and in Tarawa, Republic of Kiribati, in an international collaborative research project titled “How Religion, Culture and Education Influence the Perception of People about Climate Change.” The results indicated that the two cases, namely RMI and Kiribati, were similar; that is the basic structure of both cases in the background of climate change bears some resemblance. Meanwhile, it should be noted that the path coefficient from education to the perception of climate change in the case of Kiribati (0.86) is much higher than that in the case of RMI (0.47). Thus, it is implied that education may significantly influence the perception of people about climate change and its implications, both in RMI and Kiribati. Based on this finding, it is advocated that further efforts should be devoted to education so that the perception of people about climate change and its implications can get much clearer.
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Nakayama, Mikiyasu, Irene Taafaki, Takuia Uakeia, Jennifer Seru, Yolanda McKay, and Hermon Lajar. "Influence of Religion, Culture and Education on Perception of Climate Change, and its Implications." Journal of Disaster Research 14, no. 9 (December 1, 2019): 1297–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2019.p1297.
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This study aims to quantitatively find the influence of religion, culture and education on the perception of climate change, and its implications. A survey was carried out, with students of a college and a university in the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI), and a university in Kiribati answering a questionnaire. It emerged that education has more influence than religion or culture on people’s perceptions of climate change and its implications, both in the RMI and Kiribati. It is interesting because the two countries are not homogeneous in terms of history, culture and religion. Another surprising finding was that seemingly contradictory ideas (e.g., no flooding in the future as stated in the Bible, compared with the perceived sea level rise) exist in the minds of the majority of the respondents, both in RMI and Kiribati. Having conflicting ideas in one’s mind may delay one taking action to cope with climate change and its implications.
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Dixon *, Keith. "Experiences of an accounting educator in Kiribati." Accounting Education 13, no. 3 (September 2004): 311–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0963928042000273799.
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Lee, Alice, Kathy Jackson, Rosemary Tekoaua, Caroline Lee, Margaret Sue Huntley, and David Hilmers. "A programme to treat chronic hepatitis B in Kiribati: progress and challenges." Western Pacific Surveillance and Response Journal 11, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5365/wpsar.2019.10.4.003.
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Problem: Over 290 million people worldwide suffer from chronic hepatitis B (CHB), with the highest prevalence in the Pacific islands. Mortality attributable to this disease exceeds that from HIV, tuberculosis and malaria combined in this region. Context: CHB is a major health problem in the Pacific island nation of Kiribati. Medical care is complicated by vast expanses of ocean separating population centres in its constituent islands. Birth-dose hepatitis B immunization rates need improvement. High rates of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and co-infection with hepatitis B and hepatitis D in Kiribati make treatment less effective. Staff allocation, training and retention are difficult. Limited infrastructure creates challenges in training, communications, laboratory testing and record-keeping. Action: We have established a CHB treatment programme in Kiribati based on World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines and local needs. It includes direct patient care; laboratory, radiology and pharmacy support; public education; training; and data management. Thousands of individuals have been screened, and 845 hepatitis B-positive patients have had blood sent to Australia for molecular testing. Patient education pamphlets, medical training programmes and treatment protocols have been developed. Seventy-nine patients have started treatment. Regular onsite visits by technical experts are scheduled throughout the year. Lessons learnt and discussion: This is the first national CHB treatment programme established in the Pacific islands region. Unique challenges exist in Kiribati, as they do in each nation affected by CHB. Close engagement with local partners, knowledge of the barriers involved, flexibility, advocacy, and support from WHO and volunteer technical experts are key attributes of a successful treatment programme.
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Maekawa, Miko, Priyatma Singh, Dhrishna Charan, Nagisa Yoshioka, and Takuia Uakeia. "Livelihood Re-Establishment of Emigrants from Kiribati in Fiji." Journal of Disaster Research 14, no. 9 (December 1, 2019): 1277–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2019.p1277.
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People from Kiribati, especially after obtaining college degrees, tend to have a desire to migrate abroad to obtain further education and good jobs and, to some extent, due to the impacts of climate change. Nineteen percent of I-Kiribati migrants in Fiji who responded to our survey indicated climate change as a factor for their migration, but their primary reasons were to seek better education and employment. When seeking employment, their lack of English-language skills and professional qualifications posed challenges. However, those who had prepared well in advance tend to find jobs relatively smoothly after migration. When settling in a new area, people tended to rely on family connections, community groups, and other social supports as sources of network and safety net.
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Burnett, Dr Greg. "Language Games and Schooling: Discourses of colonialism in Kiribati education." Asia Pacific Journal of Education 25, no. 1 (May 2005): 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02188790500032640.
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LIYANAGE, INDIKA. "Global Donors and English Language Teaching in Kiribati." TESOL Quarterly 43, no. 4 (December 2009): 733–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1545-7249.2009.tb00201.x.
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Yates, Rodney. "Dependency on Australian aid and the introduction of inclusive education initiatives in Kiribati." Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies 7, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 112–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app5.296.
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Nakayama, Mikiyasu, Scott Drinkall, and Daisuke Sasaki. "Climate Change, Migration, and Vulnerability: Overview of the Special Issue." Journal of Disaster Research 14, no. 9 (December 1, 2019): 1246–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2019.p1246.
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Atoll countries in the Pacific, namely Kiribati, the Marshall Islands, and Tuvalu, will become sources of climate migrants in the foreseeable future. This study aimed to examine if people in these atoll countries were, are, or will be ready to successfully relocate to foreign countries by re-establishing their lives and livelihoods in a new environment. An international collaborative research project was launched and implemented from 2017 to 2019. Case studies were conducted in Micronesia, Kiribati, and the Marshall Islands as the origin of climate migrants and in Fiji and the USA as their destination. It was found that a number of legal tools and practical policy measures are available for countries to alleviate the struggles of environmental migrants, despite the lack of a comprehensive legal framework that protects environmental migrants by allowing them to move to other countries. In addition, 65% of the college and university students in the Marshall Islands indicated education as their primary reason to migrate abroad, followed by work (15%), health (8%), family (7%), climate change (3%), and natural disasters (2%). The ratios of students who wished to migrate because of climate change were similar between the Marshall Islands (3%) and Micronesia (4%), despite the fact that the former is an atoll country and the latter is mostly composed of “high-lying islands.” As for the migrants from the Marshall Islands and Micronesia to the USA, climate change was revealed to be a contributing factor for some in their decision to migrate, and more so as a factor for not returning home. It was also found that education had more influence than religion or culture on people’s perception of climate change and its implications in the Marshall Islands and Kiribati. The policy implemented in Vienna, Austria was proved to be effective in avoiding the emergence of society and culture-bound mental illness, which is inherent to large, isolated ethnic communities.
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Tekanene, Meeri Urite, Masoud Mohammadnezhad, Sabiha Khan, and Renita Maharaj. "Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) related to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) among Healthy Adults in Kiribati." Global Journal of Health Science 13, no. 5 (March 24, 2021): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v13n5p10.
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BACKGROUND: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) kills more than 4.9 million adults yearly, and it is one of the major threats to global public health for low- and middle-income countries that mostly affects the adult population. Kiribati is currently facing the increasing prevalence of morbidity and mortality from T2DM.
OBJECTIVE: To find out the level of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) towards T2DM among healthy adults in South Tarawa, Kiribati.
METHODS: This cross sectional study was conducted on South Tarawa, Kiribati at three randomly selected public health clinics from September 25 to November 20, 2017. Non-diabetic patients from both sexes who aged 18 years and above were selected by a simple random sampling technique to participate in this study. A pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect data and SPSS (version 22) was used for data analysis. Descriptive statistics was used to study the characteristics of the population and level of KAP.
RESULTS: 405 person participated in this study. Majority of the participants were in the age range of 18-24 years (30.4%), were females (66.2%) and had ever married (68.6%). The study revealed that the mean knowledge score was 20.47 (±3.49) which shows that participants had moderate level of knowledge towards T2DM. The mean score for attitude score was 61.06 (±5.48) which shows that participants had high level of attitude towards T2DM. The mean practice score was 4.57 (±2.01) which shows that participants had a low level of practice towards T2DM.
CONCLUSION: A great emphasis on health education regarding symptoms, risk factors modification and prevention is T2DM are necessary.
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Owen, Susanne M. "Improving Kiribati educational outcomes: Capacity-building of school leaders and teachers using sustainable approaches and donor support." Journal of Adult and Continuing Education 26, no. 2 (December 4, 2019): 221–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477971419892639.
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Using effective models for continuing teacher and school leader education in developing countries is essential for long-term improvement of the education system and student outcomes. Instructional leadership approaches have been used to capacity-build school leaders, improving leader skills in working with teachers on classroom practices and also focusing on ongoing monitoring of student academic progress. Foreign aid frequently supports such initiatives concerned with turning around school systems in developing countries, with local ownership and integration within national frameworks being essential to ensure sustainability. This paper outlines a leadership programme and processes for Kiribati. Early findings and challenges are outlined within the context of instructional leadership models, as well as strategies used to address issues. The programme has relevance for other continuing education programmes in developing countries, especially within foreign aid situations.
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Yates, Rodney, Suzanne Carrington, Jenna Gillett-Swan, and Hitendra Pillay. "Foreign aid and inclusive education in the Pacific island nation of Kiribati: a question of ownership." International Journal of Inclusive Education 23, no. 1 (August 29, 2018): 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2018.1514760.
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Jacob, W. James, Deborah L. Swensen, Julie M. Hite, Lynnette B. Erickson, and Marie Tuttle. "Preservice Teacher Preparation in International Contexts: A Case-Study Examination of the International Student Teacher Programs." Excellence in Higher Education 1, no. 1&2 (December 31, 2010): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ehe.2010.15.
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This article examines the teacher preparation experiences of preservice teachers in six international contexts: China, Fiji, Kiribati, Mexico, Samoa, and Tonga. More specifically, it looks at the value-added components in an international teacher education program, with an emphasis on effective teaching and employability. Theoretically the study is based on Straus and Corbin’s (1998a) substantive grounded theory and Patton’s (1997) Theory of Action Framework. Verbal and non-verbal forms of feedback were identified as essential aspects of the international preservice training experience. Cultural diversity, teaching English as a second language, collaboration, and exposure to a different educational system were identified among several components as advantages to individuals who conduct their preservice teacher training in international settings.
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Burnett, Greg. "Approaches to English literacy teaching in the Central Pacific Republic of Kiribati: quality teaching, educational aid and curriculum reform." Asia Pacific Journal of Education 33, no. 3 (September 2013): 350–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02188791.2013.787389.
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Webb, Susan B. "Assisting in the Development of Counselling Services in a Post-colonial Era: Experiences in Kiribati." International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling 29, no. 3-4 (October 2, 2007): 137–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10447-007-9034-9.
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Julia Tong, Tanebu, Masoud Mohammadnezhad, Nasser Salem Alqahtani, and Mosese Salusalu. "Perception of students on factors contributing to overweight and obesity among high school students in Kiribati: A qualitative study." PLOS ONE 17, no. 1 (January 20, 2022): e0260900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260900.
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Background Overweight and obesity among high school students is a growing distress not only to the individual wellbeing of a person but also to the productivity of communities and economic expense of both developed and developing nations. This study aimed to determine factors contributing to overweight and obesity among high school students in Kiribati through the perception of students. Methods This qualitative study was conducted in four (4) randomly selected senior high schools on South Tarawa, Kiribati from August to November, 2020. A purposive sampling was used to select thirty-two (32) students enrolled into form levels 4–7. A semi-structured open-ended questionnaire was used for data collection using face-to-face in-depth interviews. Data was transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis method. Results This research revealed that the participants were 21 (65.6%) were females and 11 (34.4%) males from form levels four with 9 (28.1%) participants, five with 9 (28.1%) participants, and form seven with 14 (43.8%) participants. Five themes identified including determinants and prevention of overweight and obesity, education and health system factors, stigma, and being fat comes with high risk. These themes collectively elaborate on the essentials of overweight and obesity that are obtained from perspectives of students. Conclusion A strong cultural belief and practice has caused misperception of overweight and obesity among students with knowledge-behavior gap recognized as the main reason behind the failure in lifestyle changes among adolescents. Strengthen healthy behavioral lifestyle, improve awareness, and support feasible preventative strategies is recommended to all students.
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Choi, Mi-Yeon, Ho Ji, Ho-Saeng Lee, Deok-Soo Moon, and Hyeon-Ju Kim. "Application of Seawater Plant Technology for supporting the Achievement of SDGs in Tarawa, Kiribati." Academic Society for Appropriate Technology 7, no. 2 (November 20, 2021): 136–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.37675/jat.2021.7.2.136.
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Pacific island countries, including Kiribati, are suffering from a shortage of essential resources as well as a reduction in their living space due to sea level rise and coastal erosion from climate change, groundwater pollution and vegetation changes. Global activities to solve these problems are being progressed by the UN's efforts to implement SDGs. Pacific island countries can adapt to climate change by using abundant marine resources. In other words, seawater plants can assist in achieving SDGs #2, #6 and #7 based on SDGs #14 in these Pacific island countries. Under the auspice of Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA), Korea Research Institute of Ships and Ocean Engineering (KRISO) established the Sustainable Seawater Utilization Academy (SSUA) in 2016, and its 30 graduates formed the SSUA Kiribati Association in 2017. The Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries (MOF) of the Republic of Korea awarded ODA fund to the Association. By taking advantage of seawater resource and related plants, it was able to provide drinking water and vegetables to the local community from 2018 to 2020. Among the various fields of education and practice provided by SSUA, the Association hope to realize hydroponic cultivation and seawater desalination as a self-support project through a pilot project. To this end, more than 140 households are benefiting from 3-stage hydroponics, and a seawater desalination system in connection with solar power generation was installed for operation. The Association grows and supplies vegetable seedlings from the provided seedling cultivation equipment, and is preparing to convert to self-support business from next year. The satisfaction survey shows that Tarawa residents have a high degree of satisfaction with the technical support and its benefits. In the future, it is hoped that SSUA and regional associations will be distributed to neighboring island countries to support their SDGs implementations.
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Nakayama, Mikiyasu, Scott Drinkall, and Daisuke Sasaki. "Climate Change, Migration, and Vulnerability." Journal of Disaster Research 14, no. 9 (December 1, 2019): 1245. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2019.p1245.
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As global sea levels continue to rise, atoll countries—facing persistent and imminent risk—are expected to become source nations of climate migrants in the foreseeable future. This special issue features 10 academic articles, which examine if residents in Pacific atoll countries were, are, or will be ready to re-establish their livelihoods after relocation. The topic of migration is akin to a kaleidoscope, with continuously evolving shapes and colors, necessitating a broad spectrum of approaches across various disciplines. The authors of these articles thus examined the topic through mathematics, civil engineering, cultural and disaster studies, economics, education, geography, international relations, language, law, sociology and politics. The methodologies applied range from policy analysis to structural equation modeling. Migration driven by climate change takes place gradually, even over a few decades. Unlike forced migration due to causes such as war and conflict, future climate migrants have the short-term advantage of time to ready themselves for displacement from their homeland. Preparation prior to relocation may include enhancing one’s language or vocational skills. One of the focal points of this special issue is therefore the preparedness of migrants, both past and future. Case studies were carried out across Fiji, Kiribati, the Marshall Islands, Micronesia, and the United States. We also considered how migrants are received following resettlement, both in terms of legal instruments and assistance given by the public and private sectors. Case studies conducted in Austria and the United States address this aspect. Yet another focus is to identify prevailing factors through which people develop their perceptions of climate change and its implications, for such perceptions are a driving force for migration. Case studies in Kiribati and the Marshall Islands contribute to this understanding. We hope this special issue sharpens the vision of climate change and migration, and serves as a stepping stone for further research in the field.
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McKee, Rachel, Jacqueline Iseli, and Angela Murray. "Sign language interpreting in the Pacific: A snapshot of progress in raising the participation of deaf people." Journal of New Zealand & Pacific Studies 7, no. 2 (October 1, 2019): 185–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/nzps_00005_1.
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Abstract Barriers to acquiring and using a shared sign language alienate deaf children and adults from their fundamental human rights to communication, education, social and economic participation, and access to services. International data collected by the World Federation of the Deaf (WFD) identify that in economically developing countries, deaf individuals are at particularly high risk of marginalization, which applies to countries in the Pacific region. This report provides a snapshot of the status of deaf people as sign language users in six Pacific nations: Fiji, Papua New Guinea (PNG), Samoa, Solomon Islands, Timor Leste and Kiribati. Information was contributed by sign language interpreters from these countries during a panel convened at the first Oceania regional conference of the World Association of Sign Language Interpreters, in Fiji, 2018. The report outlines conditions for education through sign language and the emergence of sign language interpreting as a means of increasing access and social equity for deaf people in these countries, albeit this remains largely on a voluntary basis. While Fiji and PNG governments have recognized the status of sign languages in their respective countries and allocated some resources to the inclusion of sign language users, practical support of deaf sign language users tends to be progressed on grounds of disability rights rather than language rights; e.g., several Pacific countries have ratified the United Nations Convention on the Rights for People with Disabilities, which includes provisions for sign language users, and deaf advocacy efforts have gained political traction from alliance with disability organizations.
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Lyons, Graham, Geoff Dean, Routan Tongaiaba, Siosiua Halavatau, Kabuati Nakabuta, Matio Lonalona, and Gibson Susumu. "Macro- and Micronutrients from Traditional Food Plants Could Improve Nutrition and Reduce Non-Communicable Diseases of Islanders on Atolls in the South Pacific." Plants 9, no. 8 (July 24, 2020): 942. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9080942.
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Pacific Islanders have paid dearly for abandoning traditional diets, with diabetes and other non-communicable diseases (NCD) widespread. Starchy root crops like sweet potato, taro, and cassava are difficult to grow on the potassium-deficient soils of atolls, and high energy, low nutrient imported foods and drinks are popular. Nutritious, leafy food plants adapted to alkaline, salty, coral soils could form part of a food system strategy to reduce NCD rates. This project targeted four atolls south of Tarawa, Kiribati, and was later extended to Tuvalu. Mineral levels in diverse, local leafy food plants were compared to reveal genotype–environment interactions. Food plants varied in ability to accumulate minerals in leaves and in tolerance of mineral-deficient soils. Awareness activities which included agriculture, health, and education officers targeted atoll communities. Agriculture staff grew planting material in nurseries and provided it to farmers. Rejuvenation of abandoned giant swamp taro pits to form diversified nutritious food gardens was encouraged. Factsheets promoted the most suitable species from 24 analyzed, with multiple samples of each. These included Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (chaya), Pseuderanthemum whartonianum (ofenga), Polyscias scutellaria (hedge panax), and Portulaca oleracea (purslane). The promoted plants have been shown in other studies to have anti-NCD effects. Inclusion of the findings in school curricula and practical application in the form of demonstration school food gardens, as well as increased uptake by farmers, are needed. Further research is needed on bioavailability of minerals in plants containing phytates and tannins.
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Owen, Susanne Mary, Toabwa Toaiauea, Tekonnang Timee, Tebetaio Harding, and Taaruru Taoaba. "School leadership capacity-building: developing country successful case studies." International Journal of Educational Management 34, no. 10 (August 1, 2020): 1615–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijem-10-2019-0379.
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PurposeSystems educational reform in developing countries through effective principal capacity- building programs is essential for improving student learning, with the purpose of this paper being to use case studies to identify key success factors in the implementation of an instructional leadership program in the developing country of Kiribati.Design/methodology/approachA case study approach involving mixed methods including semi-structured interviews and document analysis was used within three purposively sampled schools to examine implementation success factors relevant to instructional leadership literatureFindingsThe case studies reveal the overall value of the Kiribati instructional leadership program involving school leader workshops and ongoing coaching support, with instructional leadership reflecting directive and collaborative, as well as transformative theoretical aspects. Key implementation success factors within researched schools were leaders undertaking regular observations in classrooms, systematic tracking of student achievement and nurturing a positive culture for learning, as well as establishment of various collaborative processes involving community and teacher peer learning groups.Research limitations/implicationsThe study provides in-depth information through teacher and school leader interviews and examining relevant school documentation artefacts. A limitation is that the study involved only three schools and was undertaken less than a year into program implementation. Future research involving more schools and several years after implementation would be beneficial to investigate sustainability across the school system and longer-term program impacts.Practical implicationsThe data provides practical tips for school leaders regarding effective teacher capacity-building approaches, as well as providing information for policy makers, especially in developing countries, about effective professional development programs for school leaders and teachers. 10; 10;Originality/valueThe study examines a system-wide workshop series and coaching approach to school leader and teacher capacity-building in a developing country from a theoretical and practical perspective relevant to instructional leadership and also transformational leadership, which is an under-researched area. 10; 10; 10;
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Timon, Tioti, Chammah J. Kaunda, and Roderick R. Hewitt. "Re-envisioning Tangintebu Theological College in the context of climate change: An emerging model of coconut theological education and ministerial formation." HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies 75, no. 1 (March 25, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hts.v75i1.5169.
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This article engages through an interdisciplinary approach to re-envision Tangintebu Theological College’s (TTC) model of theological education in the context of climate change in Kiribati. It utilises the anthropological theory of symbolic interactionism within missiological, cultural and, theological studies of climate change. It argues for the coconut tree as an appropriate cultural conceptual metaphorical idiom for translating and understanding Christian faith and shaping a theological pedagogy within the Kiribati context of climate change. The coconut image is an indigenous, holistic way of knowing and learning informed by Kiribati cosmology embedded within people’s experiences and understanding of the coconut tree. Its life-centeredness has the potential to contextualise the theological curriculum and teaching methodology to assist in equipping theological students with climate change-sensitive approaches. The qualitative method was utilised to allow participants to reflect on their experiences of climate change in relation to the mission of the church. The data that informs this article was generated through unstructured interviews and focus group discussions with members of the Kiribati Uniting Church (KUC). The data was analysed using symbolic interactionism. The results suggest that the Kiribati people symbolically interact with God through their understanding of the coconut tree, which is conceived as the embodiment of God’s presence. It became clear that while this world view informs the faith of members of the KUC, the TTC curriculum has sidelined it, resulting in miseducation of pastors because this omission means they are not equipped to engage with the challenge of climate change. The participants argued that there is an urgent need to understand theological education and ministerial formation within the indigenous framework of Kiribati coconut imagination that is embedded in the promotion of justice and equitable society not only for human beings but for all of God’s creation through symbolic interaction with the presence of God in the coconut.
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Ohi, Sarah, and Paia Ingram. "Preparing I-Kiribati for the future: probing the English language research-policy nexus in Kiribati education in the South Pacific." Asia Pacific Journal of Education, March 7, 2021, 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02188791.2021.1892588.
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Sincovich, Alanna, and Sally Brinkman. "800A census approach to monitoring child development - informing policy and practice beyond survey samples." International Journal of Epidemiology 50, Supplement_1 (September 1, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyab168.612.
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Abstract Background The Sustainable Development Agenda calls for population monitoring of children’s development. A census approach, as implemented in Pacific Island Countries (PICs), offers advantages beyond nationally representative survey samples in informing local policy and practice. Methods A census approach was employed in Kiribati, Samoa, Tonga, and Tuvalu to collect information from caregivers and teachers on the development of every child aged 3-5 years. Funded by the Global Partnership for Education through the Pacific Early Age Readiness and Learning Program, data were collected from 2013-17 using the early Human Capability Index (eHCI), a population measure of holistic child development. Results Locally, whole-of-country data collection in Kiribati (n = 8339), Samoa (n = 12191), Tonga (n = 6214), and Tuvalu (n = 549) enabled empowerment and mobilisation of communities to support children’s development through use of their own data. Nationally, a census approach provided reliable information on the magnitude of inequality within and across populations, understanding of development amongst sub-populations and minority groups, and the interplay between geographic and socioeconomic position and children’s development, together, highlighting what was working well and where extra supports were needed. Conclusions In PICs, information collected through implementation of the eHCI national census was able to inform a progressive universalist approach to policy and service delivery, including provision of the right mix of universal and targeted services needed to support populations. Key messages A census approach to monitoring child development can inform policy and practice in ways not otherwise possible via survey sampling, particularly in contexts where population estimates and weighting are not available/accurate.
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Theilmann, Michaela, Julia M. Lemp, Volker Winkler, Jennifer Manne-Goehler, Maja E. Marcus, Charlotte Probst, William A. Lopez-Arboleda, et al. "Patterns of tobacco use in low and middle income countries by tobacco product and sociodemographic characteristics: nationally representative survey data from 82 countries." BMJ, August 30, 2022, e067582. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2021-067582.
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Abstract Objectives To determine the prevalence and frequency of using any tobacco product and each of a detailed set of tobacco products, how tobacco use and frequency of use vary across countries, world regions, and World Bank country income groups, and the socioeconomic and demographic gradients of tobacco use and frequency of use within countries. Design Secondary analysis of nationally representative, cross-sectional, household survey data from 82 low and middle income countries collected between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2020. Setting Population based survey data. Participants 1 231 068 individuals aged 15 years and older. Main outcome measures Self-reported current smoking, current daily smoking, current smokeless tobacco use, current daily smokeless tobacco use, pack years, and current use and use frequencies of each tobacco product. Products were any type of cigarette, manufactured cigarette, hand rolled cigarette, water pipe, cigar, oral snuff, nasal snuff, chewing tobacco, and betel nut (with and without tobacco). Results The smoking prevalence in the study sample was 16.5% (95% confidence interval 16.1% to 16.9%) and ranged from 1.1% (0.9% to 1.3%) in Ghana to 50.6% (45.2% to 56.1%) in Kiribati. The user prevalence of smokeless tobacco was 7.7% (7.5% to 8.0%) and prevalence was highest in Papua New Guinea (daily user prevalence of 65.4% (63.3% to 67.5%)). Although variation was wide between countries and by tobacco product, for many low and middle income countries, the highest prevalence and cigarette smoking frequency was reported in men, those with lower education, less household wealth, living in rural areas, and higher age. Conclusions Both smoked and smokeless tobacco use and frequency of use vary widely across tobacco products in low and middle income countries. This study can inform the design and targeting of efforts to reduce tobacco use in low and middle income countries and serve as a benchmark for monitoring progress towards national and international goals.