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1
Lodhi, Maleeha. "Deterring Dissent in Education." Index on Censorship 14, no. 2 (April 1985): 28–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03064228508533866.
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‘Real scholars have been silenced and pseudo-scholars and sycophants have been promoted. It seems that the forces of darkness and obscurantism have succeeded in arresting the processes of scientific research.’ Pakistan under General Zia-ul Haq has had a regime of Martial Law since July 1977. According to a 1984 report on a mission to Pakistan published by the Paris-based International Federation of Human Rights, a climate of insecurity and arbitrariness has existed in the country since that date. It is characterised by the facility with which the Martial Law authorities may arrest whomever they wish, whenever they wish, and hold them for indefinite periods, as often as they choose; the absence of any scope for appeal against such decisions; and the absence of judicial surveillance of any kind whatsoever. In the following three articles, Pakistani writers describe the effects which Martial Law and the Islamic Law (Sharia) have had on higher education, the press and cultural life. Maleeha Lodhi teaches Politics at the London School of Economics and also works as a journalist with South magazine. The writer on Pakistan's press is a senior journalist who wishes to remain anonymous. And Farhad is the pseudonym of a Pakistani writer and journalist. For other articles on Pakistan see John Melville Williams ‘The Press in Pakistan’ (Index 5/1978), Shahid Nadeem ‘Imprisoned In Pakistan’ (Index 5/1979), Feroz Ahmed ‘Pakistan Curbs the Press’ (Index 4/1980), and Behroze Gandhy ‘Jamil Dehlavi Interviewed (Index 4/1981); and, of course, the Index Index section generally.
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Kamran, Taj, and Dr. Hussan Ara Magsi. "China –Pakistan Educational and Cultural Cooperation Under BRI." Pacific International Journal 6, S1 (March 5, 2023): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.55014/pij.v6is1.292.
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China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a mega-investment project that has accelerated Pakistan’s socio-economic growth. Pakistan’s higher education sector is one key area to be upgraded under CPEC. Since the conclusion of CPEC agreement in 2015, Sino-Pakistan collaboration in higher education is expanding. Beijing is offering scholarships, vocational training and Chinese language courses to Pakistani youth and providing opportunities for academic and research collaboration. This study is an attempt to examine China’s effective employment of higher education as a soft power tool to increase its influence and prestige in Pakistan. It argues that growing educational cooperation is fostering intercultural linkages as well as faculty and students’ mobility between Pakistan and China. The article suggests that Islamabad needs to expand cooperation with Beijing in areas such as faculty development, emerging fields of science and technology, industry-university linkages and digital collaboration of technology in higher education sector.
3
Farooq, Chaudhry Ibrahim Tahir, Haider Nafees Ahmed, and Mohammed Nawab Shinwari. "Addressing Gender Disparities in Education: Empowering Girls through Education in Pakistan." Global Social Sciences Review VIII, no. II (June 30, 2023): 390–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(viii-ii).35.
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Education may transform everyone's life, regardless of gender. Gender bias remains widespread. Pakistan's rural areas are especially bad. Pakistani women have been exploited since independence. Pakistani women rarely receive constitutional rights. Discrimination against women in the job, school, economy, and politics predates the 20th century. 200 teachers and 200 students from around Pakistan were selected for a good sample. A typical questionnaire assessed the girls' school backgrounds, objectives, and gender equality beliefs. At the schools examined men and women had very different educational opportunities. Lack of resources, social pressures, and discriminatory laws and practices make it tougher for girls to receive an education, according to research. The report concludes that broad governmental action to close the gender education gap is important. It offers gender-sensitive classrooms and community-building projects.
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Khurram, Shakeela. "Students’ Perception about Sports and Education: A Case of University-Going Students in Pakistan." Bulletin of Multidisciplinary Studies 1, no. 1 (March 31, 2024): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.48112/bms.v1i1.469.
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This study explored why Pakistan lags behind in its educational system and sports. The target population was Pakistani private University students. It was descriptive research. Moreover, the effectiveness and obstacles were identified in the pursuit of education and sports. The quantitative approach was utilized. Data was collected through questionnaires and 3 randomly selected private university students from Karachi (Sindh, Pakistan). In addition, several constraints that they encounter in their persuading of education and sports, relating to time, finance, and workload have been discussed. The main aim of this paper was to discuss the possibilities, and analysis of the current situation of Pakistan's sports and Education sector, and as an educational advocate; the Study discussed the future possibilities of the opportunities related to education and sports in Pakistan as a Muslim country.
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Farooq, Rabbia, Mavra Imtiaz, and M. Asif Munir. "Reforming Medical Education in Pakistan through strengthening Departments of Medical Education." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 11 (November 30, 2021): 3479–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2115113479.
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Introduction: Early medical education departments originated as medical education research offices, primarily in the United States of America (USA). Objectives: The main objective of the study is to analyse the reforming medical education in Pakistan through strengthening departments of medical education. Material and methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in Quaide Azam Medical College Bahawalpur in duration of Jan 2021-Sep 2021. The survey includes all of the city's PMDC-recognized medical schools. Respondents were medical school faculty members who were knowledgeable about the subject matter of the survey. Results: A total of 200 people took part in the study. All of the participants were interviewed by us. Education research (66.6 percent), faculty development (70.7 percent), and curriculum development (77.7 percent) were the top four tasks. Conclusion: This study concludes that well-established and effectively operating DMEs can play an effective role in increasing medical education quality. Medical and dental institutions should be supported in Pakistan by the Pakistani government's Ministry of Health & Family Welfare (PM&DC), the Higher Education Commission (HEC), as well as Pakistan's leading medical and dental universities in policy, governance, and regulatory matters. Keywords: Medical Education, Faculty Development, Lack of Resources, Infrastructure
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Abbas, Saleem, Firasat Jabeen, and Huma Tahir. "COVID-19 AND EDUCATION OF MASS COMMUNICATION:." Pakistan Journal of Women's Studies: Alam-e-Niswan 28, no. 2 (December 29, 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.46521/pjws.028.02.0092.
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The sudden closure of educational institutions in 2020 brought multiple financial and learning challenges for Pakistani female students. In our experience, not only formal and informal learning realms of female students have been affected in the post pandemic educational landscape, but a distinct gender and digital divide (GDD) is also noticeable between technology-equipped and deprived students. Considering the theoretical perspectives of digital divide, this paper will essentially explicate the chasms existing within female students of Mass Communication in Pakistan.
Given Pakistan’s conservative and patriarchal culture, it is very important to study how female students of Mass Communication, from both urban and rural areas, responded to the change after the pandemic. Through in-depth interviews of twenty female students, we argue that the COVID-19 pandemic has aggravated already existing GDD in Pakistani educational landscape. Especially the first order GDD in education can be seen frequently in Pakistani rural locations. Moreover, economic limitations and socio-cultural norms also play an essential role in exacerbating second order GDD in the Mass Communication education. Thus, in this sense, the pandemic has brought a change that is charged with exclusion and disparity. Moreover, we argue that digital divide is a gendered concept for a periphery country such as Pakistan.
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Usmani, Muhammad AbdulWahid, and Suraiya Khatoon. "Impact of programmeevaluationthrough self-assessmentin higher education institutions in Pakistan." Contemporary Educational Researches Journal 8, no. 4 (November 22, 2018): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/cerj.v8i3.3638.
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Quality assurance in higher education in Pakistan was formally initiated when Quality Assurance Agency (QAA) was established under Higher Education Commission of Pakistan. The current study is a descriptive study which was conducted to review the impact of programme evaluation on Pakistani universities. Data available with QAA, Pakistan, Self-Assessment Report available for the programmes and field notes were used as tool in this study. Programme evaluation reports were graded on a rubric in order to rank departments within a university. The study shows that quality assurance mechanism has got its firm roots at micro level, that is, at university level in Pakistan under the supervision of QAA of Pakistan. The study would be of interest for all educationists as it shows both the role of QAA, Pakistan and the role of quality enhancement cells whose combined efforts have resulted into a systematic programme evaluation in Pakistani universities.
Keywords: Programme evaluation, self-assessment, learning outcomes, feedback.
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Channa, Liaquat Ali. "English in Pakistani public education." Language Problems and Language Planning 41, no. 1 (July 20, 2017): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.41.1.01cha.
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Abstract The article reviews the past, present, and future position of English in the Pakistani language-in-education policy for the Pakistani government schools. The article first traces how the English language came to Pakistan, and underlines the social domains in which English is commonly used at the present time. The article highlights the fact that English has enjoyed the highest social position in Pakistan since the country’s establishment in 1947. Taking this fact into account, the article traces historically the status of the English language in the language-in-education policy for the government schools since 1947 to the present time. I argue that students from the elite and non-elite English medium schools end up being more literate in English and having better access to social mobility than the students from the Pakistani government schools because of the low quality education and the poor instruction of English as a subject taught through traditional teaching methods of imitation and memorization. In order to reduce the gap, although the recent National Education Policy (NEP 2009) of Pakistan has recommended not only teaching English as a compulsory subject in grade one onward but also using it as a medium of instruction in grade four onward for the content subjects such as science and mathematics in the Pakistani government schools, the current predicament of Pakistani public education raises questions and controversies about the successful implementation of the policy. The main suggestion of the paper is the fact that since teachers are the major agents of change in realizing such curriculum reforms at their classroom level (Fullan & Stiegelbauer, 1991), their perspectives, perceptions and attitudes must be sought as well as included in such policy making processes. Because the voices of Pakistani government teachers are overlooked in such top-down language policies, this paper implies that the their experiences, attitudes, and perspectives about the present and future role of English in public language-in-education policies need to be explored to better understand the potential future implications for Pakistani teachers and their education. Such steps not only make policies inclusive but also gauge how far such English initiatives are facilitative in raising the quality of education and developing English language literacy in Pakistan.
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Habib, Muhammad Nauman, Uzma Khalil, Zunnoorain Khan, and Muhammad Zahid. "Sustainability in higher education: what is happening in Pakistan?" International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education 22, no. 3 (February 4, 2021): 681–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijshe-06-2020-0207.
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Purpose Sustainability in higher education has gained the attention of researchers and academia; however, there is still a need to explore and assess it from different perspectives that are unexplored. This study aims to evaluate and report sustainability and sustainable development in the higher education sector of Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach There are 195 recognized and registered degree awarding institutes in Pakistan. A survey-based study was designed using self-administered questionnaires distributed among the deans of 145 Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) using a simple random sampling technique. Responses were recorded using five-point Likert scale. In this study, 74 HEIs participated while 69 responses were complete in all respects and used for data analysis. Responses were recorded and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Findings The results show little evidence of sustainability in all areas of HEIs (including; curriculum, research, faculty, stakeholder’s engagement and governance). Sustainability of campus (operations) was evident and, to a certain extent, apparent in outreach activities. The core objective of HEIs is teaching and research, however, HEIs in Pakistan have yet to accommodate sustainability in these core areas. Sustainability in HEIs of Pakistan is in the preliminary and the introductory stage. For the attainment of sustainability in HEIs, comprehensive planning and internal governance are required. Research limitations/implications This study was based on a survey to report the overall situation of sustainability in Pakistan’s HEIs. Therefore, it has the limitation of being a descriptive study. Nevertheless, this study contributed to the body of knowledge by reporting sustainability practices from the Pakistani context. This study helped identify critical aspects of sustainability that require the attention of both regulatory authority and top management. Originality/value This is a comprehensive study based on extensive research survey techniques to present and report sustainability in higher education in Pakistan. The data collected represents the major HEIs in Pakistan and has contributed to the body of knowledge by presenting the contemporary and contextual situation of sustainability in HEIs of Pakistan.
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Ahmad, Riaz. "Fatima Jinnah’s Concern for Women’s Technical Education." Pakistan Development Review 42, no. 4II (December 1, 2003): 765–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v42i4iipp.765-768.
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Madar-i-Millat Mohtarma Fatima Jinnah is known for her contribution to the uplift of various segments of Pakistani society which is indicated through her speeches, statements, messages and addresses at different functions and institutions, delivered on various occasions. Her special concern was that women of Pakistan which formed 50 percent of the population should be moulded to play their role on various aspects of human life. An important aspect to which she felt attached, was the promotion of technical education in the country. Along with men, she desired women of Pakistan should equally contribute to the industrial development of Pakistan. This could be done by spreading technical education amongst the girls of Pakistan. For this purpose she delivered a number of speeches, addressed various institutions and established various industrial homes.
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Iqbal, Mamuna, Usman Awan, and Roshana Zeenat Khizar. "EXPLORING THE RELEVANCE OF CULTURAL CAPITAL THEORY FOR ARCHITECTURAL EDUCATION IN PAKISTAN." Journal of Research in Architecture & Planning 33, no. 1 (June 25, 2023): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.53700/jrap3312023_2.
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Bourdieu’s theory of cultural capital is used in literature for a wide range of investigations. However, most of these investigations are based in the context of western society. The current study attempts to explore the relevance of this theory in Pakistan’s context. It attempts to do so by exploring students’ cultural capital through the investigation of the factors used as indicators of it in the literature, and employing them in the context of Pakistan. In the next stage, this study attempts to understand students’ learning experience shaped up by their cultural capital to understand the cultural relevance of the theory. This is a quantitative study conducted through a questionnaire survey with a total response of 1330 students from 14 architecture schools in Pakistan. Findings identified 4 cultural capital clusters in the data. A direct correlation was found between clusters and students' learning experience of Architecture, showing a strong relevance of cultural capital theory in the context of Pakistan. Keywords: Cultural Capital, Pakistani Society, Cultural Relevance, Architectural Education, Quantitative Study
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Anna Askari, Ammad Jawed, and Salvat Askari. "Women Education in Pakistan: Challenges and Opportunities." International Journal on Women Empowerment 8 (December 1, 2022): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.29052/2413-4252.v8.i1.2022.27-32.
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Background: Pakistan is a country where women's education has been a topic of discussion for decades. Despite the government's efforts to improve the literacy rate and promote education, many challenges still prevent women from gaining access to education. This research paper explores the challenges and opportunities for women's education in Pakistan and how to overcome those challenges.
Methodology: The study qualitatively analyzed the existing literature on women's education in Pakistan. Using data from the Pakistan Demographic and Health Surveys, articles from Academic Journals, Reports, chapters, and Newspapers. The analysis is based on the challenges and opportunities for women's education in Pakistan.
Results: Pakistan's literacy rate is 46%, with a significant urban-rural divide, with 80% literacy in urban areas and 20% in rural areas. Cultural norms and conservative attitudes towards gender roles, poverty, lack of educational facilities, security, and a scarcity of female teachers are the main challenges to women's education in Pakistan. However, the government of Pakistan is trying to improve women's education through initiatives like girls' schools, scholarships, e-learning, and technology.
Conclusion: women's education in Pakistan faces numerous challenges, including cultural norms, poverty, and lack of educational facilities. However, opportunities such as government initiatives, women's empowerment, and the role of technology also exist to improve women's education. It is essential to highlight the challenges to overcome them and progress.
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Bockino, David, and Amir Ilyas. "Institutionalized Education: Journalism and Mass Communication Education in Pakistan." Asia Pacific Media Educator 31, no. 1 (May 6, 2021): 34–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1326365x211009631.
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This article uses an examination of journalism and mass communication (JMC) education in Pakistan as a case study to explore the consequences of increased homogenization of JMC education around the world. Anchored by a qualitative method that relies heavily on actor-network theory, the study identifies key moments and people in the trajectory of five Pakistani programmes and explores the connection between these programmes and the larger JMC organizational field. The study concludes by questioning the efficacy of the current power structures within the supranational JMC organizational field before discussing how these influences could potentially be mitigated moving forward.
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Saqib, Zulkaif Ahmed, Qingyu Zhang, Jin Ou, Khubaib Ahmad Saqib, Salman Majeed, and Amar Razzaq. "Education for sustainable development in Pakistani higher education institutions: an exploratory study of students’ and teachers’ perceptions." International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education 21, no. 6 (August 31, 2020): 1249–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijshe-01-2020-0036.
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Purpose This study aims to determine the current state of implementation and effectiveness of education for sustainable development (ESD) in Pakistani higher education institutions (HEIs) using students’ and teachers’ perceptions of sustainability. Design/methodology/approach A survey on teachers and students was conducted in public and private universities in Punjab, Pakistan. Data from 1,915 students and 120 teachers were collected through semi-structured questionnaires implemented during face-to-face interviews. Students were asked to rank social, environmental and economic indicators of sustainability consciousness (SC) on a five-point Likert scale. Structural equation model and regression model are used to analyze the data. The perceptions of students and teachers were assessed from their knowledge of sustainability. Findings The occurrence of ESD in Pakistani HEIs is low and teachers have inadequate knowledge of sustainability. The holistic approach to ESD has a more pronounced effect on students’ SC as compared to the pluralistic approach to ESD. Also, there is a correlation between the students’ grades/class and the effectiveness of ESD. There is a need to pay more attention to implement ESD for undergraduate students in Pakistani HEIs. Originality/value The study stands out for using cross-sectional data from public and private universities of Pakistan. Furthermore, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study in Pakistan which attempts to investigate the effectiveness of ESD in terms of students’ SC.
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Usman Asghar and Shaukat Hussain Bhatti. "A Review on `Right to Education` and Related Laws in Pakistan: Elucidate the Status of Elementary Education System in our Country." Voyage Journal of Educational Studies 3, no. 1 (January 30, 2023): 165–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.58622/vjes.v3i1.38.
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This study starts by looking at the laws that support different approaches to edification. It then talks about how various studies, as well as surveys, have made it clear that edification is correct under the law, as well as, a fundamental fact in Pakistan. Since the `Right to Education` is of the utmost importance, I have researched various important aspects of RTE by examining previous laws as well as theories to comprehend them. Discussion of Pakistan's educational system, including the various stages of edification as well as the policymaking process for governing the system. Explains the idea of a humanoid as well as a legal `Right to Education`. The theoretical agenda for this edification is based on the findings of the edification status in the territories of Pakistan. It focuses on edification as a fundamental right enhanced by the Pakistani Constitution and begins by providing an overview and demonstrating the validity of Article 25-A. Establish the State's available Constitutional, Provincial, Regional, and International Laws to promote edification. Additionally, this chapter explains how those laws are put into practice. Summarizes the findings of this study and concludes it by identifying problems that arose from studying Pakistani law and the `Right to Education`. In light of the study's findings, I have also offered suggestions for improving our nation's elementary edification system promotion.
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Zia, Tayyaba. "An Overview of Private Medical Education in Pakistan." International Journal of Private Higher Education 1, no. 3 (May 16, 2023): 36–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.60166/ctfx9283.
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The study's primary purpose was to investigate the challenges and prospects of Private Medical Education (PME) in Pakistan. Private Medical Education in Pakistan has grown significantly in recent decades, and the Punjab province has been at the vanguard of this trend. The desk research was used to gather information and data from books, journals, reports, databases, and online resources, including relevant websites related to private medical education in Pakistan. The author selected several papers, a few from PubMed and many from Google Scholars, to gain insights into the challenges and prospects of the sector to develop thought for the paper. Private Medical Education in Pakistan is an integral part of the Asian Medical Education (ME) landscape, proliferating in response to the increasing demand for medical education. As a result, PME in Pakistan has bright prospects to contribute significantly to the continent's development in terms of ME and economy. The Pakistan Medical Commission (PMC) is Pakistan's medical education and training regulatory authority. It is responsible for ensuring that medical colleges and universities in the country meet the required standards for the quality education and training of medical professionals. However, ME in Pakistan faces several challenges: high tuition fees, limited funding, shortage of MBBS doctors, lack of government support and insufficient medical infrastructure in rural areas, and concerns about quality and standards. Of course, these challenges are not unique to Pakistan but also to many developing countries in Asia, but they are significant. They require the immediate attention of the Pakistan Government to address the issues. Keywords: Growth, Challenges, Prospects, Private Medical Education, Pakistan
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Khalid, Sabika, Endale Tadesse, Wang Muhua, and Deng Lei. "SWOT Analysis of Pakistan Education System: Impact of China- Pakistan Economic Corridor." Middle Eastern Journal of Research in Education and Social Sciences 1, no. 2 (November 3, 2020): 218–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.47631/mejress.v1i2.99.
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Purpose: The aim of the study is to review the impact of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor on the Pakistani educational sector. Furthermore, the study critically examines the present educational challenges of the Pakistan education system and CPEC logistics arrangement between China and Pakistan. Approach/Methodology/Design: We analyzed literature through SWOT analysis to review the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in the context of education. Findings: The analysis indicated that CPEC not only benefits the economy and bilateral trade between the two countries but it also offers opportunity for Pakistan to adopt and access more policies to strengthen the educational sector of the country. The SWOT analysis also demonstrates that CPEC has more venues of opportunity rather than threats. Practical Implications: The study offers an overview of CPEC effect on education in Pakistan. Though it is mainly economy-driven, this study analyzes the CPEC with a focus on the effects on the educational system in Pakistan. This opens a venue for more engagement between the two countries in terms of training, academic exchange, and educational planning. Originality/value: This study examines the effects of CPEC on the education system in Pakistan. Most of the literature on CPEC is concerned about the economic effect. This study investigates how CPEC impacts the educational aspects in Pakistan.
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Malik, Nida. "Workforce diversity enhancing employee performance in small and medium-sized enterprises in Pakistan." Global Business Management Review (GBMR) 14, no. 2 (December 30, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/gbmr2022.14.2.1.
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This study aimed to highlight workforce diversity in employee performance practice in Pakistan's small and medium enterprises. There is a significantly larger need for a diverse workforce in Pakistani SMEs because SMEs developing their positive contribution to sustaining a Pakistan economy and workforce diversifying the private sector in employment. The influence of diversity involves gender, age, education, and ethnic diversity to improve employee performance. This quantitative research used a survey method to collect data from 120 employees employed in SMEs in Pakistan. The study findings established the significant contribution of training for workforce diversity and employee performance is important for SMEs to solve work-related problems. Initially, employees need to understand the diverse system at SMEs for better team building to accomplish of a task. The statistical results also support the significant association of skills training and team building for task completion. The current study examines the significant challenges to workforce diversity top dimensions of gender, age, education, and ethnicity offer suggestions on how to improve workforce diversity and employee performance. This research is addressing workforce diversity and employee relations in small and medium-sized enterprises in Pakistan, and for better performance, SMEs in Pakistan must concentrate on giving staff tasks and training that are relevant to those tasks. The research influence that all the top four dimensions of workforce diversity (gender, age, education, ethnicity) have a positive correlation with employee performance in a Pakistani small-medium size enterprise. As a result, SMEs must operate workforce diversity to improve employee performance.
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Khan, Feisal. "Combating corruption in Pakistan." Asian Education and Development Studies 5, no. 2 (April 11, 2016): 195–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeds-01-2016-0006.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze the current state of corruption in Pakistan and evaluate attempts by the government to combat its entrenched corruption culture. Design/methodology/approach – The paper shows that Pakistan’s legacy of British colonial rule, its ethno-linguistic conflict and alternating civilian governments and military coups have weakened institutional capabilities, hindered capacity building and allowed systemic corruption to flourish there. Pakistan’s many anti-corruption efforts failed because they were used to attack political foes instead of strengthening institutional capabilities. Findings – Pakistan has maintained its highly authoritarian form of governance inherited from the British in 1947. The ruling elite view the state as a milch cow for their personal enrichment and this attitude is also reflected in the performance of its bureaucracy. Existing rules of conduct and administration are not enforced as citizens encounter corruption in their dealings with officials. At the policy level, key decisions are often made to benefit the decision makers. The paper concludes that without political will no significant improvement in the state of corruption in Pakistan is likely to occur. Originality/value – This paper will be useful for scholars, policy-makers and anti-corruption practitioners who are interested in corruption in Pakistan and whether the apparent institutionalization of parliamentary democracy has reduced corruption there.
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Bilal, Muhammad. "An Ethnographic Account of Educational Landscape in Pakistan: Myths, Trends, and Commitments." American Educational Research Journal 56, no. 4 (January 4, 2019): 1524–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0002831218822066.
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Education in Pakistan is no longer a matter of indifference to the rest of the world. Typically, concern is focused on the role played by the madrasah (Islamic religious school; plural madaaris) as the dominant provider of education. The rise in the number of English-medium education institutions countrywide does not enter such accounts. This ethnographic study relates this topic to the pedagogic aspirations of Pakistanis asking, What is the role of English-medium schools in Pakistan and is it even the case that the majority of Pakistanis are markedly in favor of a predominantly religious education for their children? The study suggests that formal English-medium education is most parents’ real-world priority, fluency in English being a prerequisite for higher paying jobs in Pakistan.
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Fouzia Yasmin, Asad Zaman, and Karim Khan. "Historical Perspective and Current Practices of Language in Education Planning in Pakistan." PERENNIAL JOURNAL OF HISTORY 4, no. 1 (June 12, 2023): 62–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.52700/pjh.v4i1.141.
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The present study seeks to explain the provision of education during the British colonial rule in the subcontinent and the extent to which Pakistani educational policies adhere to colonial legacies. This investigation concluded that Pakistan remains entangled in colonialism despite achieving independence. Pakistan's education system has been hindered in addressing its language in education needs due to the influence of the ruling class and their interests, which have prevented the country from achieving independence from colonial reasoning. Pakistan has to contend with neocolonialism via education which is stratified by economic class resulting in a concentration of opportunities among a tiny elite who possess proficiency in English. At the global level, there is a contention that utilizing a language of instruction that is not the learner's primary language poses a considerable obstacle to achieving high-quality education across all stages of education. In addition, it is more probable for children to attain proficiency in a second language if they acquire literacy skills in their primary language beforehand.
Concerning the friction between Urdu, English, and other regional languages, there is a repeated imperative to advocate for the attainment of 'universal literacy' in one's mother tongue rather than considering one language at the expense of the other. The proposition is for education policies to adopt the concept of 'multilingualism,' leveraging indigenous resources to strengthen the establishment of Pakistan's national identity, which must be responsive to recognizing regional languages in formal education.
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Bibi, Safina, and Dr Shahida Amaan. "ENHANCING PAKISTAN-CHINA COOPERATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION." Journal of Higher Education and Development Studies (JHEDS) 2, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 17–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.59219/jheds.v2i1.6.
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This paper focuses on the cooperation between China and Pakistan in the field of higher education which covers various aspects i-e Science and technology, Engineering, Medical Sciences, Social sciences and Natural Sciences. China and Pakistan are coming closer day by day due to CPEC project. Numerous “Research and Development” projects have been initiated by both countries due to which large number of opportunities has been opened for the students and intellectuals of both countries. Various scientific research centers, Chinese and Pakistanis research centres are installed so that the people of China and Pakistan can take advantage form these projects. This paper also discusses various education projects that are specifically linked with CPEC project. Different conferences on “CPEC Consortium of business “has been arranged so as to promote business-to-business contact between China and Pakistan. Apart from that the student exchange programmes between these two neighboring countries that is benefiting both countries has also been discussed in detail. The data for this paper has been taken from secondary sources. The method that has been used is qualitative in nature.
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REAYAT, NAUMAN, ANWAR ULMUJAHID SHAH, and SYED ARSHAD ALI SHAH. "The Problems of Legal Education in Pakistan: Teaching and Learning, Curriculum, and Assessment Methods." International Review of Management and Business Research 9, no. 4 (December 7, 2020): 357–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.30543/9-4(2020)-30.
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There are very few studies that identify problems with legal education in Pakistan. Almost none compared problems of legal education in Pakistan with that in the developed world to show where Pakistan is standing on the score of the standards of legal education. This study is addressing this important gap by focusing on three important problems of legal education in Pakistan: outdated curriculum of undergraduate and postgraduate programs of law in educational institutions of Pakistan; traditional methods of assessment; and inadequate teaching and learning methods. These problems of legal education have serious implications for the justice system of Pakistan. Due to the aforementioned problems, lawyers impart limited knowledge to legal practice. As a result, they cannot contribute to the litigation process adequately. Same lawyers later become judges. Their limited learning affects the decision-making process and the administration of justice. Therefore, it is important to examine and evaluate these problems. Comparing current practices in Pakistan's educational institutions with that in developed countries, this article critically explains the aforementioned problems and recommends how those problems can be addressed. Keywords: Legal Education, Management, Learning, Methods.
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REAYAT, NAUMAN, ANWAR ULMUJAHID SHAH, and SYED ARSHAD ALI SHAH. "The Problems of Legal Education in Pakistan: Teaching and Learning, Curriculum, and Assessment Methods." International Review of Management and Business Research 9, no. 4 (December 7, 2020): 357–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.30543/9-4(2020)-30.
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There are very few studies that identify problems with legal education in Pakistan. Almost none compared problems of legal education in Pakistan with that in the developed world to show where Pakistan is standing on the score of the standards of legal education. This study is addressing this important gap by focusing on three important problems of legal education in Pakistan: outdated curriculum of undergraduate and postgraduate programs of law in educational institutions of Pakistan; traditional methods of assessment; and inadequate teaching and learning methods. These problems of legal education have serious implications for the justice system of Pakistan. Due to the aforementioned problems, lawyers impart limited knowledge to legal practice. As a result, they cannot contribute to the litigation process adequately. Same lawyers later become judges. Their limited learning affects the decision-making process and the administration of justice. Therefore, it is important to examine and evaluate these problems. Comparing current practices in Pakistan's educational institutions with that in developed countries, this article critically explains the aforementioned problems and recommends how those problems can be addressed. Keywords: Legal Education, Management, Learning, Methods.
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Jang Xue, Jun Tang, Ting Wang, and Xuanyu Xing. "Research on China Pakistan Cultural Exchange in Applied Undergraduate College under the Context of the Belt and Road Initiative." Pacific International Journal 6, no. 4 (January 1, 2024): 190–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.55014/pij.v6i4.540.
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With the construction of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor and "One Belt, One Road" Initiative(BRI), China and Pakistan maintain close cooperation in politics, economy, and other aspects, but cultural exchanges and cooperation lags behind, and has become a short board in the comprehensive relationship between China and Pakistan. To promote the friendly development of China-Pakistan relations, education is a key component of culture and the educational cooperation is vital to enhance Sino-Pakistan bilateral ties. Pakistan Study Center in Inner Mongolia Honder College of Arts and Sciences strives to play a better role in building a bridge of China-Pakistan friendship by promoting the cultural exchange. This paper mainly explores what this Pakistan Study Center have done recently in cultural exchange, to be specific, the exploration of Pakistan students' Chinese language education in a University of the Punjab combined with the research related to Pakistani cultural learning of Chinese college students in Inner Mongolia Honder College of Arts and Sciences.
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Kolachi, Nadir Ali, and Jan Mohammad. "Excellence In Business Education (A FRUCE Model For Higher Education CommissionRecognized Business Schools In Pakistan)." American Journal of Business Education (AJBE) 6, no. 3 (April 26, 2013): 311–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/ajbe.v6i3.7811.
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The paper develops a new model of the essential factors required to be a top business school in the world for the benefit of schools recognized by the Higher Education Commission (HEC) in Pakistan. Globally, top business schools are those that excel in research, attract strong faculty, and successfully foster student development. The present research considers these factors in relation to HEC recognition; HECs stringent criteria are disliked by many educational entrepreneurs, for whom the profit motive can sometimes trump the delivery of high-quality programs, resulting in the awarding of spurious degrees.HECs criteria are intended to prevent situations like this, which became increasingly common in Pakistan and reduced educational quality. Under HEC recognition, top business schools and programs can once again be recognized. However, many business schools in Pakistan still have unqualified faculty, poor student development, and little or no research output. The present study shows that business schools in Pakistan can only survive if they explicitly or implicitly follow criteria based on the Faculty, Research, Use of Technology, Corporate Office, and Extracurricular Activities (FRUCE) model presented herein. The main motivation for presenting the FRUCE model is to help Pakistani business schools meet international standards.As context, this research also reports on the slow progress of some universities in achieving adequacy in the areas included in the FRUCE model, including not only the areas mentioned above but also administration/governance and advising. The FRUCE model has the ability to address all these areas.
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Jun. "Higher Education Exchanges between China and Pakistan under Belt and Road Initiative." Pacific International Journal 5, no. 2 (June 6, 2022): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.55014/pij.v5i2.140.
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China and Pakistan enjoy an all-weather relationship since the two countries established diplomatic relations in 1951. Over the past seven decades, the two sides developed iron-brother relationship which is recognize as the model of international relations. Entering into 21st century, the two countries starts to explore a solid educational exchanges with each other, and a growing number of universities and colleges in China and Pakistan started educational cooperation programs, with more and more Pakistani students coming to China to learn Chinese culture, language and majors. Meanwhile, many Chinese companies in Pakistan are in desperate need of talents who are familiar with Pakistan local situation and capable of speaking English, Chinese and the local language. The growing exchanges between the two countries in higher education promoted friendly relations between the two countries, and there is an increasing need for talents under the background of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor. This paper will examine the educational exchanges between the two countries from four aspects: academic exchanges, China-Pakistan language programs, overseas students programs and educational platforms. The paper summaries the direction for future educational cooperation between the two countries.
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Sultan, Amir, and Javed Iqbal. "Nursing in Pakistan: What Does Chat-GPT Answer Regarding the Future of Nursing Education." European Journal of Medical and Health Research 1, no. 3 (November 1, 2023): 77–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.59324/ejmhr.2023.1(3).14.
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A significant part of Pakistan's healthcare system is nursing. The matter has been the focus of in-depth historical research, is still a pressing concern in the nation as of 2009, and has generated a great deal of academic and professional debate [1]. The Pakistani government declared in 2009 that it intended to raise the standard of nursing in the nation. The primary focus of the health care profession of nursing is on providing care for individuals and families. Everywhere in the world, but particularly in poorer nations like Pakistan, there is a shortage of nurses.
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Hamid, Sahar Nadeem, and Tania Nadeem. "Religious education in Pakistan." British Journal of Religious Education 42, no. 3 (May 3, 2020): 364–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01416200.2020.1760553.
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Miles, M. "Special Education in Pakistan." International Journal of Disability, Development and Education 37, no. 2 (January 1990): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0156655900370208.
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Lari, Zahida S. "Special education in Pakistan." European Journal of Special Needs Education 11, no. 3 (October 1996): 337–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0885625960110309.
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Burki, Anita Bilal, Akhtar Ali, and Ahmed Bilal Burki. "CPECs Educational Scope in Pakistan." Global Regional Review IV, no. II (June 30, 2019): 404–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(iv-ii).43.
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China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) appears as a major Prosperity Tool which can help Pakistan to overcome her economic problems. CPEC has been researched up till now in various trade and commerce fields but its most important linkage with education was hardto find. This study examines “The Educational Scope of CPEC in Pakistan”. The study broadens our horizon regarding the fields of education which are required in CPEC. It is a case study in the qualitative paradigm to explore the views of philanthropic elites, teachers, and students using interviews and documents. It reveals the employment opportunities, concept of SEZs, and availability of manpower for these SEZs along with the future of Pakistans education. It is through this education that all educational institutes will be combined to form clusters of educational hubs linked together to foster manpower for Special Economic Zones(SEZs) and all other national projects in the future.
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Wahla, M. Nawaz. "Lusterless Legal Education and its Challenges: A Case of Pakistan." NUST Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 8, no. 2 (January 24, 2023): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.51732/njssh.v8i2.150.
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This commentary is based on first-hand knowledge of staying in Pakistan. I am very grateful for the opportunity to teach in the Fall semester of 2022 at the newly launched law department of the National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST). Had I stayed in the United States, gaining an objective perspective and deeper understanding of Pakistani legal education and the legal system would have been impossible. Lately, there has been a massive push by the Pakistan Supreme Court, Pakistan Bar Council, and Higher Education Commission to bring changes to legal education. Fundamentally, there is a renewed sense of awakening and urgency that current legal education in practice does not meeting the needs of modern times. Therefore, significant changes need to be brought about on the challenging legal front
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Wahla, M. Nawaz. "Lusterless Legal Education and its Challenges: A Case of Pakistan." NUST Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 8, no. 2 (February 23, 2023): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.51732/njssh.v8i2.140.
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This commentary is based on first-hand knowledge of staying in Pakistan. I am very grateful for the opportunity to teach in the Fall semester of 2022 at the newly launched law department of the National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST). Had I stayed in the United States, gaining an objective perspective and deeper understanding of Pakistani legal education and the legal system would have been impossible. Lately, there has been a massive push by the Pakistan Supreme Court, Pakistan Bar Council, and Higher Education Commission to bring changes to legal education. Fundamentally, there is a renewed sense of awakening and urgency that current legal education in practice does not meeting the needs of modern times. Therefore, significant changes need to be brought about on the challenging legal front.
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Aslam, Sarfraz, Atif Saleem, Teresa J. Kennedy, Tribhuwan Kumar, Khalida Parveen, Huma Akram, and BaoHui Zhang. "Identifying the Research and Trends in STEM Education in Pakistan: A Systematic Literature Review." SAGE Open 12, no. 3 (July 2022): 215824402211185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440221118545.
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Although STEM is an essential feature of 21st-century education and learning, there is a lack of awareness about it in Pakistan, especially at the K-12 and tertiary levels. Recently many initiatives have been launched across Pakistan to create more interest in STEM education. In order to assist in raising the level of STEM awareness in Pakistan, this study sought to examine the current state of research and identify recent contributions and gaps in the literature. A systematic literature review was conducted using 22 research papers from five renowned databases. Results produced limited research in this area, with the majority being descriptive and only four being interventional studies. Regrettably, no research explored the engineering component of STEM education. Trends indicate that STEM education research has experienced a downward trend in Pakistan. The observed decline may have occurred due to a lack of understanding among Pakistani researchers regarding the importance of STEM education. Additionally, we identified the current gaps in research on STEM education and subsequently provided recommendations for future research.
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Saeed, Amna, Aamna Zafar, and Arshad Ali Khan. "The Indecisive Role of English and Urdu in Multilingual Pakistan." Global Social Sciences Review VIII, no. II (June 30, 2023): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(viii-ii).13.
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The paper explores Pakistani graduate EFL learners' attitudes towards the increasing significance of the English language at national and global levels in the contemporary world. The analysis adopts a qualitative style, using twenty interviews to gain painstaking insights into the learners' linguistic attitudes. The research scrutinizes the socio, contextual and cultural factors that impact Pakistani learners' perceptions of English. The study reveals that while Pakistani learners appear uncertain about English in addition to its culture, they have adopted the educational and social functions of the language. The outcomes indicate the linguistic imperialism and symbolic capital of English, as individuals contemplate it as essential for socioeconomic advancement in Pakistan. The study's results can help academicians and officials assess the potential impacts of English on the roles of local languages, particularly in Pakistan's education system.
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Ahmed, Masood. "Pakistan Vision 2025 and Social Health Determinants." Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal 74, no. 2 (April 29, 2024): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v74i2.12155.
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Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) are the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age that impact their health outcomes. These determinants are shaped by various social, economic,political, environmental, and cultural factors. Pakistan Vision 2025 aims for a society where every Pakistani can have a quality life. The UNDP Human Development Report 2013 ranked Pakistan 146th out of 187 countries on the HDI ranking, which measures health, education and standard of living.1 Pakistan is currently facing serious challenges on various fronts. Social indicators reflect serious deficiencies in education, health and population, gender equity a
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Rahman, Fazlur, Farid Ullah Khan, Zuha Rahman, and Waqar Ahmad. "CONTEMPORARY EDUCATION SYSTEM AND ISLAMIC STATE: REFLECTIONS FROM INDO-PAKISTAN." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 9, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 1733–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2021.93176.
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Purpose of the study: This paper will discuss the gaps in the current and Islamic education systems, focusing on Indo-Pakistan. Islamic education aims to bring attitudinal changes and build a value system among humans that should transform society by promoting love, peace, equality, purity, integrity, forgiveness, and justice.
Methodology: This is descriptive research where Islamic education and Contemporary education have been analyzed. Emphasis has been placed on Indo-Pakistan, the Western education system, and the Islamization of education in Pakistan and its future.
Principal Findings: As a state, Pakistan comprises politically, geographically, culturally, linguistically, and educationally diverse people. They cannot trace their origins by calling themselves Arabs or Indians. That conflict is reflected in Pakistan's education system – which has lost its identity to be called either religious or contemporary. The moral and ethical standards to bring any positive behavior change are hardly maintained to groom the graduates in the current education system. The Western education left by the British in the Subcontinent, including Pakistan, has its colonial drawbacks, which need to be addressed.
Application of this study: In Pakistan and other Islamic states, it is essential to instill Islamic values within the current education system. One of the viable solutions that could make the Muslim world, including Pakistan, move forward is to accept modern-day learning practices and introduce a hybrid education system. A system that safeguards Islam's values and principles and has rich content of research and development in various fields carried out by the West, irrespective of religious affiliation. This study would benefit researchers and policymakers in framing such an education system.
The novelty of this study: The paper frames some recommendations to tailor the existing education system according to the Islamic education system.
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Hoodbhoy, Pervez. "Pakistan’s Higher Education System—What went Wrong and How to Fix it." Pakistan Development Review 48, no. 4II (December 1, 2009): 581–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v48i4iipp.581-594.
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None of Pakistan’s 50+ public universities comes even close to being a university in the real sense of the word. Compared to universities in India and Iran, the quality of both teaching and research is far poorer. Most university “teaching” amounts to a mere dictation of notes which the teacher had copied down when he was a student in the same department, examinations are tests of memory, student indiscipline is rampant, and a large number of teachers commit academic fraud without ever getting punished. In some universities the actual number of teaching days in a year adds up to less than half the officially required number. Some campuses are run by gangs of hoodlums and harbour known criminals, while others have had Rangers with machine guns on continuous patrol for years on end. Common wisdom has always been that increased funding can solve all, or at least most, of the systemic problems that bedevil higher education in Pakistan. But Pakistan offers an instructive counterexample: a many-fold increase in university funding from 2002-2008 resulted in, at best, only marginal improvements in a few parts of the higher education sector. This violation of “commonsense” points to the need for some fresh thinking. The analysis of Pakistan’s higher education system divides naturally into three parts: consideration of the necessary background; understanding the meaning of university quality in the Pakistani context; and exploring the space of solutions.
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Zafar, Maria, Saad Zafar, Zahid Hussain, Bushra Khursheed, and Shafiq ur Rehman Sajid. "Barriers to Women’s Educational Empowerment in Pakistan: A Descriptive Content Analysis using an Intensive Literature Review." International Journal of Social Science & Entrepreneurship 2, no. 2 (September 15, 2022): 227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.58661/ijsse.v2i2.51.
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Education tremendously impacts a woman's capacity to build relationships with others. Pakistan has one of the lowest schooling rates in South Asia, which limits its human resources and makes reforming the country more difficult. Patriarchal ideas heavily influence the societal structure in Pakistan. Education for young men is favored over education for young women. The Human Development Report lists Pakistan as having "low human advancement" The country's growth and prosperity depend on its educational system. So, this study aimed to analyze barriers to women’s educational empowerment in Pakistan. Subsequently, a descriptive content analysis was conducted through an intensive research review. Research shows that mentoring young women often yields more substantial income and benefit gains. A woman's ability to find well-paying work and support a healthy family can be significantly increased through education. Education is also greatly impacted by a girl or woman's capacity to stand up for other rights and grow in society. Pakistan's recent political unrest has affected education. This has a significant impact on education, especially for women.
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Ain, Qurrat ul. "Inclusive Education for Students with Hearing Impairmentin Pakistan: Communication & Socialization Challenges at Higher Education." UMT Education Review 4, no. 1 (June 22, 2021): 80–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/https://doi.org/10.32350/uer.41.05.
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Inclusive higher education is a way to protect the academic rights of young students with hearing impairment. Multiple challenges faced by students with hearing impairment (SWHI) at the higher education institutes (HEIs) affect the inclusive higher education in Pakistan. This study used a questionnaire to explore the challenges faced during communication and socialization by SWHI in the HEIs.Inclusion in Pakistan's HEIs is a recent phenomenon for all persons with hearing impairment (HI); however, HEIs are not wholly prepared to meet this challenge. Studies reported that SWHI face multiple problems in HEIs worldwide during admission, learning, social adjustment, and assessment. There are a few HEIs in Punjab, Pakistan offering admission to SWHI. So, it is highly desirable to highlight the opinion of teachers and students about the communication and socializationproblems of SWHIin these HEIs. Descriptive research method was used to collect data from 48 teachers and 246 SWHI studying in the HEIs ofPunjab, Pakistan. Census sampling technique was used to gather the data; moreover, the differences in the opinions of teachers and students were measured using the t-test. The findings of the study highlighted that SWHI enrolled in various programs facecommunication and socialization problems, such as the non-availability of sign interpreters and note-takers and the lack of direct communication with teachers.
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Ain, Qurrat ul. "Inclusive Education for Students with Hearing Impairmentin Pakistan: Communication & Socialization Challenges at Higher Education." UMT Education Review 4, no. 1 (June 22, 2021): 80–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/uer.41.05.
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Inclusive higher education is a way to protect the academic rights of young students with hearing impairment. Multiple challenges faced by students with hearing impairment (SWHI) at the higher education institutes (HEIs) affect the inclusive higher education in Pakistan. This study used a questionnaire to explore the challenges faced during communication and socialization by SWHI in the HEIs.Inclusion in Pakistan's HEIs is a recent phenomenon for all persons with hearing impairment (HI); however, HEIs are not wholly prepared to meet this challenge. Studies reported that SWHI face multiple problems in HEIs worldwide during admission, learning, social adjustment, and assessment. There are a few HEIs in Punjab, Pakistan offering admission to SWHI. So, it is highly desirable to highlight the opinion of teachers and students about the communication and socializationproblems of SWHIin these HEIs. Descriptive research method was used to collect data from 48 teachers and 246 SWHI studying in the HEIs ofPunjab, Pakistan. Census sampling technique was used to gather the data; moreover, the differences in the opinions of teachers and students were measured using the t-test. The findings of the study highlighted that SWHI enrolled in various programs facecommunication and socialization problems, such as the non-availability of sign interpreters and note-takers and the lack of direct communication with teachers.
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Wachani, Juliyana Usman, Itrat Batool, and Ghulam Murtaza Lahbar. "Application of the Concept of Islamic Welfare State is the Panacea to Remove the Evils of the Political System of Pakistan." Global Political Review VII, no. II (June 30, 2022): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2022(vii-ii).10.
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Muslims were promised to establish a separate homeland with the enforcement of the Islamic political system in case of the establishment of a new state. But with the passage of time, politicians of Pakistan became negligent of the principles of the political system of Islam. Reports of international forums demonstrate that the performance of the chief organs of the Pakistani political system is not satisfactory. The research study sets the hypothesis that the application of the concept of the Islamic welfare state is the panacea for removing the evils of the political system of Pakistan. In this connection, a comparative study will be conducted to evaluate both Pakistan's and the Islamic political systems. The nature of the research study is qualitative along with a thematic analysis approach by conducting interviews with ten scholars having MPhil and PhD education. Finally, the findings will be derived on how far application of the concept of an Islamic welfare state is fruitful in removing the evils of the Pakistani political system.
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Zahra, Kiran, Mudassar Yasin, Baserat Sultana, Zulqarnain Haider, and Raheela Khatoon. "Impact of Women Education on Economic Growth: An Evidence from Pakistan." Journal of Economic Impact 3, no. 2 (August 31, 2021): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.52223/jei30221037.
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Education is the most fundamental right in the current situation, and it is an essential element of economic growth. No country can achieve economic development and goals without investing in education. Pakistan’s economic development is possible when education is equal for both men and women, but the government did not give importance to the sector as it deserved. This study investigated the determinants of female higher education in Pakistan and the impact of women's education on the economic growth of Pakistan. This study utilized time-series data from 1991 to 2019. The autoregressive distribution lag (ARDL) model is applied to estimate the impact. The result shows that in Pakistan, education expenditure has no positive effect on female education. In contrast, a positive relationship between female higher education and GDP growth exists, but this relation is not strong in the short run and long run.
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Tusińska, Magdalena. "Inequality of opportunity – gender bias in education in Pakistan." Nierówności społeczne a wzrost gospodarczy 63, no. 3 (2020): 233–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/nsawg.2020.3.11.
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The subject matter of the paper is inequality of opportunity (IO). Contemporarily, as part of IO, gender bias in education is most likely to be a constraint for growth and development in developing countries. The focus is on gender bias in education in Pakistan, which is a widely discussed problem thanks to the Nobel Prize laureate Malali Yousufzai. The goal is to present the premise and potential consequences of unequal access to education for Pakistanis, and to bring the specifics of the country into clearer focus. The thesis is that gender bias in education in Pakistan is determined by various and deeply rooted factors that place equal access to education in the realm of a distant goal, hampering the growth and development of the economy. The research methods used were a critique of the literature, analysis of statistical data, documents and online sources as well as elements of case study. Plans concerning education have been sketched in SDG-4 and in the document “Pakistan 2025”, but despite some improvements, Pakistan is still a country where one’s future depends on whether one is male or female. A lack of access to education for girls is part of a broader landscape of gender and spatial inequality. The findings suggest that the main circumstances for the exclusion of girls from education are culture, poverty and the state. If recommendations for these areas are not implemented, gender bias will remain one of the barriers to the growth and development of Pakistan.
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Idris, Dr Muhammad, Dr Abdus Samad Khan, and Maksal Minaz. "ANALYSIS OF THE LEGAL EDUCATION PROCESS IN PAKISTAN IN RELATION TO AUSTRALIA, THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, AND THE UNITED KINGDOM." Journal of Arts & Social Sciences 10, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.46662/jass.v10i1.296.
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This paper provides an analysis of legal education in Pakistan with that of the United Kingdom (UK), the United States (US), and Australia. The main objective of the study was focused on examining the similarities and variations in curriculum, teaching strategies, faculty credentials, assessment and evaluation, professional training certification, and continuing education. The study found that legal education in Pakistan places more emphasis on theoretical knowledge, with limited opportunities for practical training, while legal education in the UK, US, and Australia places a strong emphasis on practical training, critical thinking, and professional development. The paper emphasises the value of practical training and professional development in legal education therefore it is recommended that Pakistan's legal education system could benefit from incorporating these elements into its curriculum to prepare graduates in the field of social sciences for legal practices in Pakistan and internationally.
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Samra Suhail, Dr. Abdur Rahman Aleem, Masood, Dr. Imam Uddin, and Muhammad AsadUllah. "Financial Literacy and Demographic Factors in Karachi City of Pakistan." Reviews of Management Sciences 2, no. 2 (January 3, 2021): 99–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.53909/rms.02.02.052.
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Considering the vigorously dynamic fluctuations in the monetary condition, particularly in financial/budgetary markets, it is urged to improve speculators’ money managing knowledge. Financial proficiency involves making well aware and efficient financial choices. The present examination explores the socio-economic factors defining Pakistani investors’ financial literacy and effects of financial literacy on stock market investment decision. A (questionnaire) survey was developed based on 3 sections: The primary section included the measuring of demographic characteristics of respondents, the secondary was based on measuring financial literacy of respondents, whereas the last section was dedicated to measuring stock market investment decision of respondents.
Purpose – The motivation behind this study is to evaluate the financial proficiency of individual speculators/investors of the Karachi city of Pakistan who put resources into the Pakistan stock exchange, local financial market in Karachi. Likewise, it inspects the connection between financial education and the participation of the socio-economic-demographic components which influence the investment choice.
Design/methodology/approach – we articulated a modified questionnaire for our investigation, separated into three sections. The first part of which was dedicated to statistics of demographic factors. The subsequent part highlights factors influencing the speculation choice of the Pakistani speculators. The last section is committed to financial literacy utilizing examination-type, true and false, questions and incorporates 10 questions. Convenient sample of 231 of Pakistani national financial specialists/investors is utilized for this purpose.
Findings – The outcomes show that the financial literacy of Pakistani speculators’ is relatively higher than the average expected level. The financial education seen to be influenced by salary, sex, and employment status and work place activity. financial education exists paying little heed to the age of the respondents. We observed a “significant difference in the level of financial literacy between groups of respondents as per their sexual orientation. More specifically, females have a lower level of financial education than males. At last, the outcomes show that there is a significant relationship between financial literacy and investment decision. Results likewise show that respondents with higher financial literacy have higher stock holding as compared with those with low financial literacy.”
Originality/value – The present examination is viewed as significant and unique being one amongst the very few conducted in Pakistan's situation and Pakistani context. As far as we possibly know, no such examinations have been led with respect to estimating financial literacy in Pakistan or the connection between financial literacy level and the variables that influence the investment choices.
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Halo, Lutif Ali. "Prospects and Challenges of Bilingual Education in the Light of Pakistan’s Language Policy." Sukkur IBA Journal of Educational Sciences and Technologies 1, no. 1 (June 29, 2021): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.30537/sjest.v1i1.639.
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This research study explores prospects and challenges of bilingual education in the light of language policy of Pakistan. It directs the scholars and policymakers to revisit the notion of language and norms of traditional bilingual education. However, the researcher brings in light that translanguaging as a particular model facilitates for understanding dynamic multilingualism to promote social justice to languages and their speakers. The implementation of this model is viable in both theory and practice. The issue of monoglossic model of bilingual education in Pakistan is yet to be dealt with. Moreover, the researcher employed qualitative empirical method and used secondary data from previous studies to investigate the problem. Additionally, the findings reveal that the subtractive language policy, linguistic hegemony, politicians’ monolingual politics are challenges to the dynamic bilingual education. On the other hand, multilingual reality and its practice, speakers’ multilingual repertoire, transcultural interaction of students are important prospects of dynamic bilingual education policy in Pakistan. The study also highlights the research gap in Pakistani bilingual classrooms from the latest approach of translanguaging and dynamic model of bilingualism which can direct a multilingual language policy of Pakistan.
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Kokab Jabeen and Yumna Fatima Dar. "CONFRONTING PAKISTAN'S OVERPOPULATION ISSUE FOR LONG-TERM SOLUTIONS." Pakistan Postgraduate Medical Journal 34, no. 04 (December 30, 2023): 171–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.51642/ppmj.v34i04.681.
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Located at a critical junction, Pakistan is a nation brimming with liveliness and diversity. However, the pressing issue of overpopulation has cast a daunting shadow over its social, economic, and healthcare landscape. With a staggering population of nearly 250 million, the effects of this rapid growth go far beyond mere numbers. Indeed, the reach of overpopulation runs deep, affecting critical aspects of Pakistani society such as education, employment, environmental stability, and public health. By examining the interconnected threads of this demographic reality, this article aims to shed light on the pressing issue of overpopulation in Pakistan and explore potential avenues for a healthier, more sustainable future.
Over-population is defined as the condition of having more people than can live on the earth in comfort, happiness and health and still leave the world a fit place for future generations.1 Overpopulation creates a situation where the number of people in a specific geographic area exceeds the carrying capacity of the environment, leading to a range of negative impacts. The term is often associated with the idea that the resources available in a particular region are insufficient to sustain the population living there.
One of the main contributing factors to Pakistan's overpopulation is the underuse of contraceptive methods. Annual estimates of modern Contraceptive Prevalence Rate during the year 2019-20 in Pakistan was only 41.0%.2 Moreover, there is disparity in access to contraceptive services, with greater difficulties encountered in rural areas. Disseminating important information regarding contraception is hampered by rural areas' inadequate healthcare facilities and awareness campaigns.
The deficit in female education in Pakistan serves as another critical factor contributing to overpopulation. Research regularly demonstrates a negative relationship between women's levels of education and fertility rates. Women in areas with significant gaps in female education tend to marry younger and have larger families. This problem has its roots in sociocultural norms that place a higher value on traditional gender roles than on females' academic aspirations. Women who receive an education are not only able to postpone having children, but they also gain the autonomy and information necessary to make wise choices regarding family planning. A study conducted by Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) reflected the relationship between fertility and female education: the study showed that females who completed primary education tend to have less children than who were not enrolled. 3 Therefore, addressing the female education deficit is not only a matter of educational equity but also a strategic approach to curbing overpopulation and fostering sustainable development.
In Pakistan, poverty is a complex and deeply ingrained problem that significantly contributes to the challenge of overpopulation. Poverty restricts access to quality education for a substantial portion of the population in Pakistan. According to the Economic Survey of 2023, Pakistan’s literacy rate is only around 62 %. As impoverished families struggle to meet their basic needs, education often takes a backseat. This lack of education, particularly among women, leads to a lower awareness and understanding of family planning methods, resulting in larger family sizes. In impoverished households, the lack of access to adequate healthcare facilities contributes to high infant and child mortality rates. To compensate for the uncertainty of child survival, families may choose to have more children, perpetuating a cycle of high fertility rates in impoverished communities. In rural areas where poverty is prevalent, families often rely on agriculture for their livelihoods. The need for additional labor in agricultural activities becomes a driving factor for larger family sizes.
Crude Birth Rate (CBR) is defined as the number of births in a year per 1000 population. Crude Birth Rate is the simple way of measuring current fertility level in any population. The Demographic Survey of Pakistan indicates that the crude birth rate in urban areas was 23 percent in 2020 and 29 percent in rural areas. The Crude Birth Rate is higher in rural areas as compared to urban areas.4 This statistic accentuates the disparities in the development of rural and urban areas that result from this stark difference in the crude birth rate. While currently housing a population of 235.82 million, projections by the United Nations Population Division indicate a continued surge, with estimates reaching 263 million by 2030 and a staggering 383 million by 2050, necessitating immediate and effective interventions. The Rate of Natural Increase depicted from Pakistan’s Demographic Survey of Pakistan, for the year 2020 2020s is 2.04 percent. High Rate of Natural Increase in Pakistan during the last few decades is the result of a steadily declining trend in mortality and a moderately increasing trend in fertility, that subsequently corresponds to a rise in the population.5 According to to One UN Pakistan’s Annual Report of 2021, Pakistan ranked 154th of 189 countries on the Human Development Index 2021 (HDI), falling four places since 2018. Its HDI value of 0.557 is the second lowest among South Asian countries. One in four Pakistanis lives in poverty – income-based poverty stands at 24.3% and multidimensional poverty at 38.3%, a clear indication of the detrimental effects on the economy of Pakistan, owing to a staggering increase in population.6
Addressing overpopulation in Pakistan requires a multi-faceted and evidence-based policy approach that acknowledges the socio-cultural context and is feasible within the country's unique circumstances. The following recommendations are designed to promote sustainable population management while considering the cultural and social dynamics at play:
Comprehensive Family Planning Programs: Comprehensive family planning programs that focus on increasing awareness, accessibility, and affordability of contraceptives can be implemented and strengthened. This includes educational campaigns to dispel myths, enhance reproductive health knowledge, and improve the availability of a wide range of contraceptive methods. The emphasis should be on making family planning services culturally sensitive and easily accessible, especially in rural and marginalized communities.
Investment in Education, Especially for Women:
Promoting and investing in education, particularly for women can be highly advantageous, as higher levels of education are correlated with lower fertility rates. Educational programs should extend beyond urban centers to reach rural areas. Scholarships, incentives for female education, and awareness campaigns highlighting the benefits of education in family planning should be integral parts of this strategy.
Women's Empowerment Programs: Implementing programs that empower women economically and socially would greatly aid to deal with the population crisis in Pakistan. Empowered women often make informed decisions about family size and have better access to reproductive healthcare. Initiatives that provide skills training, promote entrepreneurship, and support women's participation in the workforce can greatly contribute to reducing fertility rates.
Healthcare Infrastructure Strengthening:
Investment in the healthcare infrastructure, especially in rural areas, to improve access to quality healthcare services can be initiated by increasing the number of healthcare facilities, training healthcare professionals, and ensuring the availability of reproductive health services. Strengthening maternal and child health services will also contribute to lowering fertility rates.
Public Awareness Campaigns: Targeted and culturally sensitive public awareness campaigns that address misconceptions about family planning, promote the benefits of smaller family sizes, and highlight the link between family planning and improved socio-economic conditions can be launched. Utilizing various media platforms, including television, radio, and community engagement can help to reach diverse populations.
Research and Monitoring: Investing in research to continually monitor the impact of policies and make evidence-based adjustments will help policymakers to understand the evolving dynamics of population trends, enabling them to fine-tune strategies for maximum effectiveness.
By addressing overpopulation in a comprehensive and strategic manner, Pakistan can pave the way for improved healthcare, education, and overall quality of life for its citizens. The time to act is now, and the success of these efforts will shape the well-being and prosperity of generations to come.
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Azeem, Aftab, Tahira Naveed, and Sadaf Jabbar. "Chinese Language Teaching in Pakistan Problems and Solutions." University of Wah Journal of Social Sciences 5, no. 1 (June 8, 2022): 55–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.56220/uwjss2022/0501/04.
Full textAbstract:
The teaching of Chinese language in Pakistan has a history of more than 40 years, but it has only been in the past decade that it has become widespread. This paper aims to present a general overview of Chinese language teaching in Pakistani education system, to identify some of the theoretical issues and practical challenges this field is facing and finally propose the possible solutions to these problems. This is primarily a qualitative and descriptive study and questionnaire survey method has been employed to highlight the important issues and challenges that deserve serious attention from all stakeholders. Data analyses reveals that the Chinese language education in Pakistan is facing significant challenges in the area of Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language (TCFL), pedagogy, curriculum and teaching material, teaching methodology, teacher’s professional development etc. The researcher recommends some solutions on the basis of these findings, which in turn can significantly influence the way Chinese language is being taught in Pakistan. This research is beneficial for all the stakeholders including policy makers, educationists, teachers, students, and researchers to help them incorporate TCFL into the Pakistani education system. Keywords: Teaching Chinese as Foreign Language, Challenges, Curriculum, Pedagogy