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1
Sternberg, Robert J. "Ability tests, measurements, and markets." Journal of Educational Psychology 84, no. 2 (1992): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.84.2.134.
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Woldehanna, Tassew. "Inequality, preschool education and cognitive development in Ethiopia." International Journal of Behavioral Development 40, no. 6 (July 9, 2016): 509–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025415627700.
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This study used longitudinal data from the Young Lives Project in Ethiopia to examine the main factors relating to preschool access and their potential effects on cognitive performance of children aged five and eight years. The results show that only one quarter of the preschool-aged children have the opportunity to attend this vital stage of education, with significant disparities by family wealth, education and regional location. Regardless of its limited coverage, preschool attendance is shown to have statistically significant positive effects on cognitive performance, measured by receptive vocabulary and mathematics tests. The effects do not also seem to fade away at a later age, as the inequality in cognitive abilities at age five continues to exist at the age of eight. Furthermore, using mediation analyses, causal chains between family backgrounds and cognitive performance were thoroughly analyzed. Bootstrap results show that preschool attendance mediates about one third of the direct effects of family wealth, education and regional location on child cognitive performance. Nevertheless, despite the importance of preschool education, public investment in this area is currently very limited, with the private sector taking the key role and exacerbating the inequality that exists between children of the rich and poor. These findings thus emphasize the need for government involvement in the form of public investment to this subsector to increase access for all children and reduce future educational inequalities.
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Scheirs, J. G. M. "A Priori and A Posteriori Tests on Repeated Measurements." Educational Psychology 12, no. 1 (January 1992): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0144341920120105.
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Oosterveld, Paul, and Johan Hoogstraten. "The Differential Predictive Validity of Two Measurements of Cognitive Ability." Perceptual and Motor Skills 82, no. 3 (June 1996): 817–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1996.82.3.817.
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In this study was compared the relative predictive power of an achievement test and a self-report questionnaire for cognitive abilities in the context of prediction of educational achievement. With average grades, the multiple correlation of scores on both tests administered to a sample of 232 pupils in secondary education showed only marginal differences.
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Budakova, Anna V., Maxim V. Likhanov, Teemu Toivainen, Alexey V. Zhurbitskiy, Elina O. Sitnikova, Elizaveta M. Bezrukova, and Yulia Kovas. "Measuring Spatial Ability for Talent Identification, Educational Assessment, and Support: Evidence from Adolescents with High Achievement in Science, Arts, and Sports." Psychology in Russia: State of the Art 14, no. 2 (2021): 59–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.11621/pir.2021.0205.
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Background. Spatial ability (SA) is a robust predictor of academic and occupational achievement. The present study investigated the psychometric properties of 10 tests for measuring of SA in a sample of talented schoolchildren. Objective. Our purpose was to identify the most suitable measurements for SA for the purpose of talent identification, educational assessment, and support. Design. Our sample consisted of 1479 schoolchildren who had demonstrated high achievement in Science, Arts, or Sports. Several criteria were applied to evaluate the measurements, including an absence of floor and ceiling effects, low redundancy, high reliability, and external validity. Results. Based on these criteria, we included the following four tests in an Online Short Spatial Ability Battery “OSSAB”: Pattern Assembly; Mechanical Reasoning; Paper Folding; and Shape Rotation. Further analysis found differences in spatial ability across the three groups of gifted adolescents. The Science track showed the highest results in all four tests. Conclusion. Overall, the study suggested that the Online Short Spatial Ability Battery (OSSAB) can be used for talent identification, educational assessment, and support. The analysis showed a unifactorial structure of spatial abilities. Future research is needed to evaluate the use of this battery with other specific samples and unselected populations.
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Arega, Mekoro. "The Impact of Human Capital on Economic Growth in Ethiopia: Evidence from Time Series Analysis." Studies in Humanities and Education 1, no. 1 (December 28, 2020): 51–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.48185/she.v1i1.95.
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The general objective of the study was to analyze the impact of human capital development on economic growth in Ethiopia over the period 1974/5 -2018/9. The econometric models of Johnesan cointegration, VECM and causality tests were applied to analysis short-run and long-run impact of Human capital on Economic growth. The result of the error correction model shows that the model is adjusting at a relatively stable rate of 74.3% towards the long-run equilibrium. Furthermore, the result shows that human capital proxied of (primary and secondary school enrolments) and active labour force have a positive statistical significant long run and short-run effect on economic growth in Ethiopia. Such findings are consistent with the endogenous growth theories which argue that an improvement in human capital (skilled workers) improves productivity. In addition, results reveal that education expenditure and life expectancy at birth have a positive and statistically significant long-run effect on economic growth. However, the expenditure on health, secondary school enrolment and official development assistance are statically significant and have an unexpected negative impact on long-run economic growth. Furthermore, the short-run causality tests results reveal that public expenditure on education, primary school enrolment, secondary school enrolment and RGDP have unidirectional causal effects. Hence policymakers and/or the government give prioritize to create institutional capacity that increase school enrolment and strengthening the infrastructure or investment of educational and health institutions that produce quality of manpower to increase productivity.
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Ricordeau, Philippe, Pierre Durieux, Alain Weill, Gilles Chatellier, Nathalie Vallier, Alvine Bissery, Pierre Fender, and Hubert Allemand. "EFFECT OF A NATIONWIDE PROGRAM OF EDUCATIONAL OUTREACH VISITS TO IMPROVE THE PROCESSES OF CARE FOR PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 19, no. 4 (December 2003): 705–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462303000679.
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Objectives: To improve processes of ambulatory care for patients with type 2 diabetes in a nationwide program.Methods: Interrupted time-series analysis with audits of practice. To implement selected recommendations of national guidelines, educational outreach visits (office visits or phone discussions) were offered to all French physicians who diagnosed one case of type 2 diabetes during a six-month intervention period. Outcome measures were the number of HBA1c measurements recorded monthly in the medical insurance computer database and the proportion of diabetic patients for whom one test had been reimbursed during the previous six months (HBA1c, fasting blood glucose) or previous twelve months (serum cholesterol, serum creatinine, urine microalbumin, electrocardiogram, ophthalmologic examination).Results: A total of 15,522 office visits and 9,062 telephone discussions were performed among 22,940 physicians. The increase in the monthly proportion of the number of HBA1c tests to the total number of laboratory tests was higher during the intervention period than during the preintervention (p value<.0001) and postintervention periods (p value<.001). Between the first audit (n=651,574) and the third audit (n=911,871), HBA1c measurements increased from 41.2% to 60.5% and blood glucose measurements performed alone decreased from 38.8% to 18.7%. Urine microalbumin measurements increased from 10.6% before to 15.3% after intervention. Only a slight increase was observed for other tests.Conclusions: Physician to physician outreach visits can be an effective way to improve the processes of care for diabetes and to routinize nationwide use of practice guidelines.
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Nowak-Dzieszko, K., and T. Kisilewicz. "Internal particulate matter pollution in educational building." E3S Web of Conferences 172 (2020): 06008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017206008.
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The authors undertook research on the proper strategy of operation of educational building with gravitational ventilation in historic city center with high concentration of particulate matter PM10 and PM 2.5. In this facility the momentary increase in carbon dioxide concentration is often very high, and at the same time health requirements regarding atmospheric aerosol should be absolutely met. That is why long-term measurements of PM concentration outside and inside, as well as carbon dioxide concentration inside were carried out. CO2 was used also as a tracer gas for measurement of air change intensity. The article presents the first results of these tests and a correlation that occurs between the external and internal concentration of particulate matter PM 10 and PM 2.5. Due to a significant filtration effect of the external building envelope and particle deposition a potential conflict between required gravitational ventilation intensity and internal air pollution with particulate matters was partially reduced.
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Getachew, Fasil, Solomon Abegaz, Abraham Assefa, Manaye Misganaw, Yibrehu Emshaw, Abebe Hailu, Misikire Tessema, and Cleopas Okore. "Multivariate analyses of morphological traits in indigenous chicken populations of Metekel zone, Northwestern Ethiopia." Animal Genetic Resources/Ressources génétiques animales/Recursos genéticos animales 59 (December 2016): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2078633616000084.
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Summary An exploratory survey to phenotypically characterize indigenous chicken populations was carried out in Metekel zone of Northwestern Ethiopia in April 2013. A total of 69 males and 244 females were sampled to record their qualitative and quantitative traits. Eight quantitative and 16 qualitative variables were measured. Sampling included three districts representing different agroecological zones. Coefficient of variation for quantitative variables ranged from 6.38 to 52.37 percent in male sample populations and 4.59–21.4 percent in females. The chi-square tests for plumage colour of the neck, ear lobe colour and skeletal variant type were highly significant (χ 2 < 0.05). The correct classification percentage from discriminant analysis was 93.73 and 98.41 percent for male and female sample populations, respectively, indicating the homogeneity of the chicken populations within districts. The stepwise discriminant analysis identified five variables for male and three variables for female sample populations, which had the highest discriminating power. Canonical analyses showed that differences in body measurements between indigenous chicken populations were highly significant (P <0.0001). The results obtained from on-farm performance evaluation indicated that the average age at first lay of hens, number of chicks weaned and mean number of eggs laid per bird per year were 5.5 months, 6.5, 50.1, respectively. This information will constitute the basis for further characterization and development of conservation strategies for indigenous chicken populations of Northwestern Ethiopia.
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Haileselasie Gebru, Gebregziabher. "Financing preferences of micro and small enterprise owners in Tigray: does POH hold?" Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 16, no. 2 (May 15, 2009): 322–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14626000910956083.
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PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the determinants of financing preferences of micro and small enterprises (MSEs) owners in Tigray regional state of Ethiopia in light of the Pecking Order Hypothesis (POH).Design/methodology/approachStructured questionnaires were used to collect data from 120 MSEs in six zonal towns of Tigray regional state. Logistic regression model was used to empirically test the literature‐driven hypotheses.FindingsKey findings include that POH holds true for MSE owners in Tigray regional state as the educational level of owners decreases and there is less intrusion in the form of ownership. On the other hand, MSE owners with a higher degree of entrepreneurial skills are found to conform with the predictions of POH. Furthermore, factors such as ownership type, acquisition type, level of education of the owner/s and reason for business startups are found to be major determinants of MSE owners' financing preferences.Research limitations/implicationsThere are of course elements that could determine MSE owners' financing preferences that require better understanding before a reliable prescriptive position on SME financing can be reached. At the same time, in this paper, data were collected from one regional state of Ethiopia that limits the generalization power of the conclusions reached. A need for more in‐depth qualitative investigation is further pointed out.Originality/valueThe research shows significance of ownership structure, entrepreneurability and MSE owners' education level in financing decisions of MSEs. The paper empirically tests POH in MSEs in Tigray regional state of Ethiopia.
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Martín-Garín, Alexander, José Antonio Millán-García, Juan María Hidalgo-Betanzos, Rufino Javier Hernández-Minguillón, and Abderrahmane Baïri. "Airtightness Analysis of the Built Heritage–Field Measurements of Nineteenth Century Buildings through Blower Door Tests." Energies 13, no. 24 (December 20, 2020): 6727. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13246727.
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Airtightness is a major issue in architectural design and it has a significant impact on the energy performance of buildings. Moreover, the energy behaviour of built heritage is due, to its singular characteristics, still a great unknown. The aim of this study is to establish a better knowledge of the airtightness of historical buildings, based on an in depth field study using blower-door tests. A set of 37 enclosures were analyzed inside eight buildings located in historical areas of a Spanish city with a significant built heritage. They were constructed between 1882 and 1919 and include diverse construction typologies applied for many building uses such as residential, cultural, educational, administrative and emblematic. The results indicate lower values compared to other previous airtightness studies of historical buildings. The average air change rate was found to be n50 = 9.03 h−1 and the airtightness of the enclosures presented a wide range of between 0.68 and 37.12 h−1. Three main levels of airtightness were identified with two thirds of the tested samples belonging to the intermediate level between 3–20 h−1. To conclude, several correlations have been developed which provide a method to estimate air leakage and could serve as a basis for energy performance studies of these kinds of building.
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Alyahya, Dalia, and Nada Almutairi. "The Impact of Electronic Tests on Students’ Performance Assessment." International Education Studies 12, no. 5 (April 29, 2019): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ies.v12n5p109.
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This study has aimed to measure the effect of electronic tests on the academic achievements of middle school students in Arabic course. The sample has been divided into two groups; the experimental group and the non-experimental group after using the mixed experimental method. Statistical measurements had been used before, and after, the experiment for both groups; whereas, study tools were consisted of achievements test and focus group. The results have assured the existence of statistical differences between the experimental group and non-experimental group in the (language classification) category marks. The results have shown no statistical differences on the audio comprehension, reading comprehension, writing, handwriting skills, language style, grammatical function and writing expression categories marks, which give preferences to use the electronic test rather than the traditional (pen and paper) test. The study has concluded that teachers must be encouraged to perform continuous evaluation throughout the academic semester by applying electronic tests. They must emphasize on the importance of grounding rules and regulations to apply electronic tests in the educational institutions.
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Balluerka, Nekane, Ian Plewis, Arantxa Gorostiaga, and José-Luis Padilla. "Examining Sources of DIF in Psychological and Educational Assessment Using Multilevel Logistic Regression." Methodology 10, no. 2 (September 1, 2014): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-2241/a000076.
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In the last three decades, important progress has been made toward more efficient statistical techniques for detecting Differential Item Functioning (DIF). However, the findings are scant when it comes to explaining DIF. Multilevel regression models can expand the knowledge of DIF causes, specifying a DIF parameter that varies randomly over items and testing hypotheses on sources of DIF shared by item bundles. The present study uses multilevel logistic regression to identify the item characteristics that could explain the presence of DIF in short tests or questionnaires, which are usually used in psychological and educational assessment. The usefulness of the approach is tested on measurements of the attitudes toward science of Spanish and English pupils obtained from the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment database.
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Glas, Cees A. W. "Item response theory in educational assessment and evaluation." Mesure et évaluation en éducation 31, no. 2 (May 13, 2014): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1025005ar.
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Item response theory provides a useful and theoretically well-founded framework for educational measurement. It supports such activities as the construction of measurement instruments, linking and equating measurements, and evaluation of test bias and differential item functioning. It further provides underpinnings for item banking and flexible test administration designs, such as multiple matrix sampling, flexi-level testing, and computerized adaptive testing. First, a concise introduction to the principles of IRT models is given. The models discussed pertain to dichotomous items (items that are scored as either correct or incorrect) and polytomous items (items with partial credit scoring, such as most types of openended questions and performance assessments). Second, it is shown how an IRT measurement model can be enhanced with a structural model, such as, for instance, an analysis of variance model, to relate data from achievement and ability tests to students’ background variables, such as socio-economic status, intelligence or cultural capital, to school variables, and to features of the schooling system. Two applications are presented. The first one pertains to equating and linking of assessments, and the second one to a combination of an IRT measurement model and a multilevel linear model useful in school effectiveness research.
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Handiso, Yoseph Halala, Tefera Belachew, Cherinet Abuye, Abdulhalik Workicho, and Kaleab Baye. "Undernutrition and its determinants among adolescent girls in low land area of Southern Ethiopia." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 12, 2021): e0240677. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240677.
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Background Undernutrition is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality among adolescent girls worldwide, especially in South-East Asia and Africa. Even though adolescence is a window of opportunity to break the intergenerational cycle of undernutrition, adolescent girls are a neglected group. The objective of this study was to assess the nutritional status and associated factors among adolescent girls in the Wolaita and Hadiya zones of Southern Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted, and a multistage random sampling method was used to select a sample of 843 adolescent girls. Anthropometric measurements were collected from all participants and entered in the WHO Anthro plus software for Z-score analysis. The data was analyzed using EPI-data 4.4.2 and SPSS version 21.0. The odds ratios for logistic regression along with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were generated. A P-value < 0.05 was declared as the level of statistical significance. Result Thinness (27.5%) and stunting (8.8%) are found to be public health problems in the study area. Age [AOR(adjusted odds ratio) (95% CI) = 2.91 (2.03–4.173)], large family size [AOR (95% CI) = 1.63(1.105–2.396)], low monthly income [AOR (95% CI) = 2.54(1.66–3.87)], not taking deworming tablets [AOR (95% CI) = 1.56(1.11–21)], low educational status of the father [AOR (95% CI) = 2.45(1.02–5.86)], the source of food for the family only from market [AOR (95% CI) = 5.14(2.1–12.8)], not visited by health extension workers [AOR (95% CI) = 1.72(1.7–2.4)], and not washing hand with soap before eating and after using the toilet [AOR (95% CI) = 2.25(1.079–4.675)] were positively associated with poor nutritional status of adolescent girls in the Wolaita and Hadiya zones, Southern Ethiopia. Conclusion Thinness and stunting were found to be high in the study area. Age, family size, monthly household income, regularly skipping meals, fathers’ educational status, visits by health extension workers, and nutrition services decision-making are the main predictors of thinness. Hand washing practice, visits by health extension workers, and nutrition services decision-making are the main predictors of stunting among adolescent girls. Multisectoral community-based, adolescent health and nutrition programs should be implemented.
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Gebregyorgis, Tsgehana, Takele Tadesse, and Azeb Atenafu. "Prevalence of Thinness and Stunting and Associated Factors among Adolescent School Girls in Adwa Town, North Ethiopia." International Journal of Food Science 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8323982.
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Introduction. Despite the fact that adolescence is a window of opportunity to break the intergenerational cycle of malnutrition, adolescents are the neglected age groups. Hence information regarding the nutritional status of adolescents is lacking making creating and implementing intervention programs difficult.Objective. To assess the prevalence of thinness, stunting, and associated factors among adolescent school girls in Adwa town, Northern Ethiopia.Methods. Data on 814 adolescent female students were collected from March to April 2015 using interviewer administered pretested semistructured questionnaire and anthropometric measurements. Data were entered using EPI INFO version 3.5.3 and analyzed using SPSS version 20 and WHO Anthroplus software.Results. The prevalence of thinness and stunting was 21.4% and 12.2%, respectively. Age of adolescent [AOR = 2.15 (1.14,4.03)], mother’s educational status [AOR = 2.34 (1.14,4.80)], eating less than 3 meals per day [AOR = 1.66 (1.12,2.46)], having family size >5 [AOR = 2.53 (1.66,3.86)] were significantly associated with thinness among the adolescent girls. Family size >5 [AOR = 2.05 (1.31,3.23)] and unimproved source of drinking water [AOR = 3.82 (2.20,6.62)] were significantly associated with stunting.Conclusion and Recommendation. Thinness and stunting are prevalent problems in the study area. Strategies to improve the nutritional status of girls should be given much attention.
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Reisberg, Kirkke, Eva-Maria Riso, and Jaak Jürimäe. "Physical fitness in preschool children in relation to later body composition at first grade in school." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 13, 2021): e0244603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244603.
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BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate whether better physical fitness in kindergarten predicts later healthier body composition in first grade at school.MethodsBody composition was assessed by skinfold thickness measurements. Physical fitness tests included 20 m shuttle run test, handgrip strength test, standing long jump test, 4x10 m shuttle run test as part of PREFIT fitness test battery, and one-leg stance test from EUROFIT test battery. The participants of this study were 147 Estonian children (51% boys) aged 6–8 years, who were measured in the transition from kindergarten to school.ResultsAfter adjusting for maternal body mass index, educational attainment, child’s sex, age at the measurements, greater cardiovascular and motor fitness, relative lower body strength, static balance at 6.6 yr were associated with lower fat mass index, fat mass percentage at 12-month follow-up. The relative lower body strength above the median at 6.6 yr were related to lower fat mass index and fat mass percentage at 12-month follow-up, while the static balance test results demonstrated the opposite associations. Improvements in the 4x10 m shuttle run test results during the 12-month follow-up period were associated with the most beneficial changes in body composition status, such as increases in fat-free mass index and decreases in fat mass index, fat mass percentage, waist-to-height ratio after adjusting for maternal body mass index, educational attainment, child’s sex, age, at the measurements and baseline values of exposures.ConclusionBetter physical fitness tests results at 6.6 yr in kindergarten generally predicted lower body fat parameters in children at 7.6 yr in first grade at school.
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Teklu, Takele, Keehwan Kwon, Biniam Wondale, Milkessa HaileMariam, Aboma Zewude, Girmay Medhin, Mengistu Legesse, Rembert Pieper, and Gobena Ameni. "Potential Immunological Biomarkers for Detection ofMycobacterium tuberculosisInfection in a Setting WhereM. tuberculosisIs Endemic, Ethiopia." Infection and Immunity 86, no. 4 (January 8, 2018): e00759-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00759-17.
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ABSTRACTAccurate diagnosis and early treatment of tuberculosis (TB) and latent TB infection (LTBI) are vital to prevent and control TB. The lack of specific biomarkers hinders these efforts. This study's purpose was to screen immunological markers that discriminateMycobacterium tuberculosisinfection outcomes in a setting where it is endemic, Ethiopia. Whole blood from 90 participants was stimulated using the ESAT-6/CFP-10 antigen cocktail. The interferon gamma (IFN-γ)-based QuantiFERON diagnostic test was used to distinguish between LTBI and uninfected control cases. Forty cytokines/chemokines were detected from antigen-stimulated plasma supernatants (SPSs) and unstimulated plasma samples (UPSs) using human cytokine/chemokine antibody microarrays. Statistical tests allowed us to identify potential biomarkers that distinguish the TB, LTBI, and healthy control groups. As expected, the levels of IFN-γ in SPSs returned a high area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) value comparing healthy controls and LTBI cases (Z = 0.911;P< 0.001). The SPS data also indicated that interleukin 17 (IL-17) abundance discriminates LTBI from healthy controls (Z = 0.763;P= 0.001). RANTES and MIP-1β were significantly elevated in SPSs of TB-infected compared to healthy controls (P< 0.05), while IL-12p40 and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor II (sTNF-RII) were significantly increased in active TB cases compared to the combined LTBI and control groups (P< 0.05). Interestingly, quantitative changes for RANTES were observed using both SPSs and UPSs, withPvalues of 0.013 and 0.012, respectively, in active TB versus LTBI cases and 0.001 and 0.002, respectively, in active TB versus healthy controls. These results encourage biomarker verification studies for IL-17 and RANTES. Combinations of these cytokines may complement IFN-γ measurements to diagnose LTBI and distinguish active TB from LTBI cases.
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Young, Julie K., D. Layne Coppock, Jacopo A. Baggio, Kerry A. Rood, and Gidey Yirga. "Linking Human Perceptions and Spotted Hyena Behavior in Urban Areas of Ethiopia." Animals 10, no. 12 (December 15, 2020): 2400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10122400.
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Humans have shaped carnivore behavior since at least the Middle Paleolithic period, about 42,000 years ago. In more recent times, spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) in Ethiopia have adapted to living in urban areas, while humans have adapted to living with hyenas. Yet, relationships between coexisting humans and carnivores are rarely addressed beyond mitigating conflicts. We provided a case study for how to broadly think about coexistence and how to study it when measuring if humans and carnivores affect one another. We collected data in four Ethiopian cities: Mekelle, Harar, Addis Ababa, and Arba Minch. We held focus groups and key informant interviews that incorporated feedback from 163 people, representing a wide array of religious, economic, and educational backgrounds. We also determined how many hyenas resided in these cities, hyena behavioral responses to humans using a flight initiation test, and problem-solving abilities via puzzle box trials. We found that in three of the cities, hyenas and humans coexist at high densities and frequently encounter each other. While all participants recognized the importance of hyenas as scavengers to maintain a clean environment, there was pronounced variation in cultural perspectives across cities. For example, while the people of Harar revere hyenas in spiritual terms, in Arba Minch hyenas were regarded as nuisance animals. Hyenas were universally respected as a formidable predator across cities but reports of attacks on livestock and humans were few. Flight initiation tests revealed hyenas fled at significantly closer distances in Harar and Addis Ababa than in Mekelle. Hyenas succeeded at solving a puzzle box in Harar but not in Mekelle. These variable behavior in hyenas correlated to different human perceptions. Our case study results suggest that the hyena–human dynamic is highly variable across these locations. We conclude by exploring the implications of these findings for how humans and hyenas can shape one another’s behavior. Developing studies to link human perceptions and animal behavior could advance wildlife conservation, especially in urban areas.
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Gordon-Brannan, Mary, and Barbara Williams Hodson. "Intelligibility/Severity Measurements of Prekindergarten Children’s Speech." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 9, no. 2 (May 2000): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360.0902.141.
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Intelligibility/severity measurements were obtained for 48 prekindergarten children with varying levels of phonological proficiency/ deficiency. The measure used as the “standard” was percentage of words understood (i.e., orthographically transcribed correctly) in continuous speech in a known context by unfamiliar trained listeners. The children were divided into four groups based on the percentage of words understood from their continuous speech samples. The ranges of intelligibility for each group were: (a) 91–100% for children with “adult-like” speech; (b) 83–90% for children in the “mild” category; (c) 68–81% for children with moderate intelligibility/speech involvement; and (d) 16–63% for the 12 children in the “severe” (i.e., least intelligible) category. When the percentages of the children in the severe group were excluded, the range of the top three groups combined was 68–100% and the mean was 85%. For a child 4 years of age or older, any percentage of words understood in connected speech that falls below 66% (2 standard deviations below the mean) may be a potential indicator of speech difficulty. In addition, data were obtained from the 48 children to determine the correlations between the standard measure and the following intelligibility/severity measures: (a) imitated sentences, (b) imitated words, (c) listener ratings of intelligibility, and (d) phonological deviation averages. All five measures, including the standard measure, investigated in this study were strongly intercorrelated. Multiple regression analysis results yielded a prediction model that included listener ratings and imitated sentences measures. Results of multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), univariate analysis, and post-hoc Bonferroni tests indicated that differences between all pairs of groups were significant for the listener rating measure based on the continuous speech sample. For the percentage of words understood in continuous speech samples, the differences between all pairs of groups, except between the adult-like and mild groups, were also significant. The only group that differed significantly from the other three groups for all five measures was the severe group.
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Wakuma, Bizuneh, Getu Mosisa, Werku Etafa, Diriba Mulisa, Tadesse Tolossa, Getahun Fetensa, Merga Besho, Mohammed Gebre, and Reta Tsegaye. "Postpartum modern contraception utilization and its determinants in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 14, 2020): e0243776. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243776.
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Background Contraceptive use is the best and most cost-effective strategy to reduce feto-maternal adverse effects of short birth intervals. More than two-thirds of women in developing countries who do not want to conceive are not using contraception methods. Although there were various primary studies in different parts of the country, there is no nationally representative evidence on postpartum modern contraception utilization and its determinants in Ethiopia. Objective This review was aimed to determine the best available pieces of evidence to pool the magnitude of postpartum modern contraception utilization and find out its determinants. Methods Published studies were extensively searched by using electronic databases and unpublished studies were identified from the digital library. All observational studies conducted on the magnitude of postpartum modern contraception utilization and its determinants in Ethiopia were included. Data were extracted on the Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and analyzed using STATA 14.1 version. A random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled magnitude of postpartum modern contraception utilization with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Inverse variance (I2) was used to identify the presence of heterogeneity and forest plot was used to estimate the pooled magnitude of postpartum contraception utilization. The presence of publication bias was assessed by funnel plots and Egger’s statistical tests. Sub-group analysis was computed to minimize underlying heterogeneity. Findings In this review, 19 primary studies were included. The pooled magnitude of postpartum modern contraception utilization in Ethiopia was 45.79% (95%CI 36.45%, 55.13%). The review found that having more than four Antenatal care visits(ANC), having postnatal care visit (PNC), having a formal education, history of family planning use, history of counseling on family planning, and having greater than four alive children as significant determinants of postpartum modern contraception utilization. Conclusion The magnitude of postpartum modern contraception utilization in Ethiopia was low. ANC visit, PNC visit, maternal educational status, history of previous family planning use, counseling on family planning, and number of alive children were found to be significant determinants of postpartum modern contraception utilization. Therefore, strengthening focused ANC and PNC services to encourage women in utilizing modern contraception during the postnatal period is needed.
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Ralph, Vanessa R., and Scott E. Lewis. "Introducing randomization tests via an evaluation of peer-led team learning in undergraduate chemistry courses." Chemistry Education Research and Practice 21, no. 1 (2020): 287–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9rp00187e.
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The methodological limitations education researchers face in the evaluation of reformed instruction have led to debates as to the evidence advancing evidence-based practices. To conduct more effective research, methodological pluralism in the evaluation of educational reforms can be used to complement the strengths and limitations of a corpus of literature informing the impact of an evidence-based practice. This study seeks to introduce randomization tests, a nonparametric statistical analysis incorporating a random-assignment component that can be applied to a single-subject (N = 1) research design, as a methodology to be counted amongst evaluations of instructional reforms. To demonstrate the utility of this approach, an evaluation of peer-led team learning (PLTL) for classes of second-semester general chemistry spanning 7 semesters was conducted using randomization tests. The design contributes novel understandings of PLTL including differences in effectiveness across instructors, trends in effectiveness over time, and a perspective as to the appropriateness of assumptions concerning statistical independence when applied to educational settings. At the research setting, four instructors (each constituting an individual case) alternated implementing lecture-based instruction and PLTL by term. Across these four instructors, the treatment effects of peer-led team learning when compared to lecture-based instruction ranged in impact (from d = 0.233 to 2.09). For two instructors, PLTL provided a means by which to significantly reduce the differential performances observed of students with variable preparations in mathematics, thereby advancing the equitability of their courses. Implications of this work include the incorporation of single-subject research designs in establishing evidence-based instructional practices, the effectiveness of PLTL as interpreted in a methodologically pluralistic context of the research literature, and enacting measurements of equity when gauging the success of instructional reforms in science. Further, this introduction to randomization tests offers another methodology for the evaluation of instructional reforms more widely applicable in educational settings with smaller sample sizes (e.g., reforms conducted within a single classroom or upper-level courses with small class sizes).
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А.А., Huseynova, and Vashchinnikova K.D. "IMPACT ASSESSMENT ON LEARNING MOTIVATION IN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE COMPETENCE APPROACH IN EDUCATION." “Educational bulletin “Consciousness” 22, no. 9 (September 22, 2020): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.26787/nydha-2686-6846-2020-22-9-28-34.
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Turning to the new educational paradigm, the research paper considers the conditions for ensuring the effective-ness of authentic assessment of students ' achievements within the competence approach and the transition from traditional knowledge control to tests developed on the basis of the theory of pedagogical measurements. Special attention is paid to independent assessment as a tool for stimulating learning activities, as well as to the justifica-tion of the pattern design method used in the develop-ment of measurement tools. The experimental basis of the study is based on the results of an independent assess-ment of educational achievements of students of the sen-ior level of secondary vocational education in social studies in several educational organizations. As a result of the survey of participants in independent testing, the formation of a stable positive learning motivation is not-ed. The relationship with the assessment of the impact on educational motivation is confirmed by the respondents ' attitude to the authentic assessment procedure on the part of participants in the assessment process: school-children, teachers, and parents. As a result, it was re-vealed that all subjects of the educational process evalu-ate the impact of the proposed method of assessment on educational motivation from a positive side.
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Miyaç Göktepe, Meral, and Mehmet Günay. "The effects of proprioceptive exercise programme given to female footballers their on balance, proprioceptive sense and functional performance." Journal of Human Sciences 16, no. 3 (December 23, 2019): 1051–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v16i4.5824.
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This study aims to investigate the effects of proprioceptive exercise programme given to female football players on their balance, proprioceptive sense and functional performance. 27 female licenced footballers in Balıkesir who had been training regularly for 5 years were included in the research. The footballers were divided into two groups- namely, 14 educational groups. The two-step pre-test and post-test method of the athletes was performed on. Accordingly, on day one bodily weight, height measurements were made. On day two athletes’ static balance and proprioceptive sense measurements were made. On day three the athletes were asked to have a rest. On day four they were given 5, 10 and 20- metre speed and agility tests (Illinois, T test). On day five, the participants were given vertical jump tests. On day six the athletes in the educational group were given a 6-week, 3 days a week proprioceptive exercise programme in addition to their routine training programme. At the end of week 6, the 5-day measurements were repeated and the activity was terminated.
Data analysis, Wilcoxon test was performed to analyse the changes occurring in the pre-test and post-test measurements in the control and the educational groups. The paired comparisons between the groups were made through Mann-Whitney U test. The findings demonstrated that there were significant differences in the pre-test-post-test and static balance scores of the female footballers in the educational group who were given proprioceptive educational programme (p<0.05) and that there were partially significant differences in their proprioceptive sense scores. In the control group, however, no significant differences were found in static balance scores and in the values of proprioceptive sense footballers in the educational group and the footballers in the control group in terms of their vertical jump and speed scores (p>0.05). An examination of the agility tests of the educational group indicated that there were statistically significant differences (p<0.05). Yet, no significant differences were found in the values of the agility tests of the control group (p>0.05). In conclusion, it may be stated that giving proprioceptive programme to female footballers is influential in improving their static balance and agility performance, that it had partially positive effects on proprioceptive sense and that it does not cause significant improvement in their vertical jumping and speed performance.
Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.
Özet
Bu çalışma kadın futbolculara uygulanan proprioseptif egzersiz programının, denge, proprioseptif duyu ve fonksiyonel performans üzerine etkisini araştırmak amacı ile yapılmıştır. Çalışmaya, Balıkesir’de futbol lisansına sahip ve son 5 yıl düzenli olarak antrenman yapan 27 kadın futbolcu katıldı. Futbolcular 14 eğitim ve 13 kontrol grubu olarak iki gruba ayrılmıştır. Sporcuların iki basamaklı ön test-son test yöntemi kullanılarak parametreleri alındı. Çalışmamızda; 1. Gün; Sporculara vücut ağırlığı, boy uzunluğu ölçümleri yapıldı. 2. Gün; Sporculara statik denge, proprioseptif duyu ölçümleri yapıldı. 3. Gün; Sporcuların dinlenmeleri istendi. 4. Gün; Sporculara 5, 10, 20 metre hız ve çeviklik (illinois, T testleri) yapıldı. 5. Gün; Sporculara dikey sıçrama testleri yapıldı. 6. Gün eğitim grubundaki sporculara rutin antrenman programlarına ek olarak 6 hafta sürecek şekilde haftada 3 gün proprioseptif egzersiz programını uygulandı. Kontrol grubun ise normal günlük yaşantı ve antrenman programlarına 6 hafta devam etmeleri sağlandı. 6 hafta sonunda yine 5 gün süren ölçümler aynen tekrar edildi ve çalışma sonlandırıldı. Verierin analizinde, kontrol ve eğitim gruplarının ön test ve son test ölçümlerinde meydana gelen değişimleri incelemek için Wilcoxon testi yapıldı. Gruplar arası ikili karşılaştırmalar Mann-Whitney U testi ile yapıldı. Elde edilen bulgulara göre; proprioseptif eğitim programı uygulanan eğitim grubu kadın futbolcuların ön test-son test, statik denge skorlarında anlamlı farklılığın olduğu (p<0.05), proprioseptif duyu skorlarında kısmen anlamlı farklılığın olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Kontrol grubundaki futbolcuların ise statik denge skorları ve proprioseptif duyu değerleri için istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık bulunamamıştır. Eğitim grubu ve kontrol grubundaki futbolcuların dikey sıçrama ve hız değerleri için istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık bulunamamıştır (p>0,05). Eğitim grubu çeviklik testleri değerlerine baktığımızda istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Kontrol grubu çeviklik testleri değerleri için ise istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık bulunamamıştır (p>0,05). Sonuç olarak, kadın futbolcularda, proprioseptif eğitim programı uygulamasının statik denge ve çeviklik performansını iyileştirmede etkili olduğu, proprioseptif duyuya kısmen olumlu düzeyde etki ettiği, dikey sıçrama ile hız performanslarında ise anlamlı düzeyde iyileşmenin olmadığı söylenebilir.
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Zeleke, Melat Belay, Mohammed Feyisso Shaka, Adane Tesfaye Anbesse, and Solomon Hailemariam Tesfaye. "Anemia and Its Determinants among Male and Female Adolescents in Southern Ethiopia: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study." Anemia 2020 (October 9, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3906129.
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Background. Adolescent anemia is a major public health problem worldwide. Adolescents (10–19 years) are at an increased risk of developing anemia due to increased iron demand during puberty, menstrual losses, limited dietary iron intake, and faulty dietary habits. Objective. To assess the prevalence of anemia and associated factors among male and female adolescent students in Dilla Town, Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia, May 2018. Methods. A school-based comparative cross-sectional study was employed among 742 school adolescents. Basic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, haemoglobin measurement, and others were collected. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 software, and descriptive statistics were computed for all variables. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses using binary logistic regression were done, the results were interpreted by using AOR with their corresponding 95% CI, and statistically significant difference was declared at p<0.05Result. Out of the total 742 respondents, 377 (50.8%) were males and 365 (49.2%) were females. The overall prevalence of anemia was 21.1%, and the prevalence of anemia was 22.5% among male adolescents and 19.7% among females. Male adolescent students within the early adolescence age group (10–13 yrs) (AOR 0.27, 95% CI, 0.08–0.87), those consuming fibre-rich foods daily (AOR 0.11, 95% CI, 0.02–0.61), and those having no intestinal parasites (AOR 0.04, 95% CI, 0.02–0.09) were less likely to be anemic. Similarly, female adolescent students not having intestinal parasites (AOR 0.05, 95% CI, 0.01–0.11) were less likely to develop anemia while those from malaria endemic area (AOR 2.57, 95% CI, 1.13–5.83) were identified to be more anemic. Conclusion. This study identified that anemia was a moderate public health significance in the study area, and the prevalence of anemia was slightly higher among male than female adolescents. Age category, frequency of eating fibre-rich foods, and positive intestinal parasite tests were factors contributing for anemia among male adolescents while presence of intestinal parasite and malaria endemicity were the determinants of anemia among female adolescents.
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Ahmadu, Baba Usman, Joshua Danji Solomon, Fate Bala Zira, Abdallah Joda Aisha, Musa Rimamchika, and Ahmad Ibrahim. "Compliance and Usability of Weber and Rinne’s Tests For Audio Acuity Among Primary School Children From a Health Resource Poor Community." Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society 33, no. 2 (October 7, 2013): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v33i2.7673.
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Background: Normal auditory acuity is needed for transmission and reception of speech between teachers and students, and from student to student for effective communication and learning. Hearing impairment in school children will potentially cause difficulty perceiving speech clearly in the educational environment. Materials and Methods: Auditory acuity measurements were conducted on 300 primary school children using the Weber and Rinne’s tests. Results: Nearly all the children 292 (97.3%) had good hearing. Eight (2.7%) had ipsilateral conduction hearing impairment. Of these, 5 (62.5%) occurred on the right and 3 (37.5%) on the left ear; they were referred to the otorynolaryngologist for further evaluation and management. Conclusion: Our subjects demonstrated high compliance to Weber and Rinne’s tests which were found to be usable in screening hearing impairment in school children. These tests can be incorporated into the school health programmes in resource poor countries where high tech hearing screening facilities are not readily affordable and available. In addition, the test can be conducted at primary health centers thereby decongesting both secondary and tertiary health facilities. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v33i2.7673 J Nepal Paediatr Soc. 2013; 33(2):95-98
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Salamanca, Carolina, and Sara I. Montoya. "Using CLIL Approach to Improve English Language in a Colombian Higher Educational Institution." English Language Teaching 11, no. 11 (October 9, 2018): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v11n11p19.
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In Colombia, the development of communicative skills of English as a foreign language in students of Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs) is considered as a priority so the professionals can face the challenges of a globalized world. This project aimed to determine the effectiveness of using CLIL approach through the academic subjects in first learning level students of a Nursing program. The research had a mixed quasi experimental design of a control group not equivalent with measurements before and after CLIL interventions, which consisted in accompanying and guidance to six teachers who instruct the seven subjects of the academic program in which the experimental group was. Along 17 applications designed from the 4C’s (Content, Cognition, Communication and Culture), and the methodology collaborative work, students showed a significant progress in using communicative and cognitive abilities according with the development performances. The used tests to evaluate students’ English level showed from the statistical data analysis, applying T-student test, that initiating the process the mean of the control group was significantly higher than the mean of the experimental group, and posteriorly to CLIL approach applications, a mean improvement of the experimental group was observed becoming statistically similar to the mean of the control group. The research results provide a pedagogical path to strengthen bilingualism processes and to contribute with graduate’s communicative competences in a foreign language.
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Carabaza, Ana Moyeda, John Dawson, and Mary Murimi. "Differences in Underlying Causes of Infant Malnutrition Between a Pastoral and an Agro Pastoral Community in Ethiopia." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa043_098.
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Abstract Objectives To determine the difference in underlying factors related to child nutritional status between pastoral and agro pastoral based communities in Ethiopia. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in two rural pastoral communities located in the Somali region and agro pastoral community located in Southern Nations. Pairs of mothers and their infants aged 6 to 52 months were randomly selected to participate in the survey. Data was collected using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale, Dietary Diversity, and Sanitation for Household Survey. Anthropometric measurements taken included height, length, and weight using WHO Anthro version 3.2.2. Chi-square tests were used to assess differences between communities. Logistic regression were used to analyze factors that contributed to infant health status. Results A total of 232 participants from both communities completed the survey. The agro pastoral community reported a higher food insecurity rate at 87% than the pastoral community at 70%. The prevalence of women not achieving the minimum dietary diversity was significantly higher in the pastoral community than the agro pastoral community (94% vs 68%, P < .001). Similarly, more households in the pastoral community reported accessing drinking water from unimproved sources (64% vs 0.9%, P < .001) and using unimproved toilet facilities (97% vs. 77%, P < .001) than the agropastoral community. Although almost all participants from both the agropastoral and pastoral communities reported washing their hands during critical times (100% and 96%) respectively. In addition, the pastoral community had significantly higher prevalence rates of infants’ wasting (44.5% vs 0%, P < .001) and underweight (47.8% vs 7.7%, P < .001) than the agro pastoral community. Conclusions Even though the prevalence of food insecurity was higher in the agro pastoral community than the pastoral community, they had lower rates of infant malnutrition. In contrast, although the pastoral community reported a lower rate of food insecurity, they had higher rates of child wasting and underweight, reported low dietary diversity, and poor hygiene practices. Based on these findings, dietary diversity and environmental sanitation may be protective of child wasting and underweight over and above food insecurity. Funding Sources Feed the Future Livestock Systems Innovation Lab (LSIL).
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Arfasa, Aminu Jibril. "Perceptions of Students and Teachers Toward Guidance and Counseling Services in South West Ethiopia Secondary Schools." International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 5, no. 6 (December 9, 2018): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v5i6.504.
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The study was intended to examine practices of Perception of Teachers and Students for Guidance and Counseling services in South west Ethiopia Secondary Schools. The research design was a descriptive survey research. The total participants of study were 500 and among total participants 108 were teachers and 394 were students. The study was used Multi stage sampling techniques. At first stage among 78 secondary school in south west Ethiopia, 8 secondary schools were selected by random sampling techniques using lottery methods. On the second stage 392 students and 108 teachers were selected by systematic sampling techniques. The instruments of data collection was Likert scale closed-ended self- administered questionnaire used and validation of the instruments was done by using experts' review and discussion. The study was used quantitative methods of data analysis. The analysis of data was done using descriptive statistical measurements like, percentage, mean, standard division, and independent t-test were computed to analysis the response from students, and teachers. The results of study indicated that the students and teachers mean perception scores to needs of guidance and counseling for students learning was positive. The perceptions of both students and teachers to ward school guidance and counseling services working on students future career, personal problems and students empowerments and decision making was negative. The computed independent t-test result revealed that there was no statistical significant difference between students and teachers means perception scores guidance and counseling services which was implies both teachers and students had the same perception for services of guidance and counseling in their schools. The mean perception of the students toward the non trained individuals could be of guidance and counselor officers were average while perception teachers were negative. Regarding to cost effectiveness of guidance and counseling services both students and teacher’s perception means score were negative. From these results it was recommended that Since perceptions of students and teachers may affected based on the guidance and counseling survives; Education bureau in collaboration with higher educational institutions should prepare on job training to improve counseling skills of the guidance and counselors officers.
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Shemsu, Shuayib, Alemayehu Argaw, and Beakal Zinab. "Dietary Practice and Nutritional Status Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care at Mettu Karl Referral Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia." Open Public Health Journal 13, no. 1 (October 26, 2020): 538–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874944502013010538.
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Background: Sufficient maternal nutrition is paramount to ensure maternal and fetal wellbeing. It further determines the health of the offspring throughout the lifecycle and prevents adverse health outcomes of the upcoming generation. Therefore, dietary practice and nutritional status of pregnant women and contributing factors among pregnant women visiting antenatal care services at Mettu Karl Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia, were assessed. Methods: Facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March to April 2018. A systematic random sampling technique was employed to select 378 study participants. Data were collected via face to face interviews using semi-structured questionnaires. Women Dietary Diversity Score (WDDS) was measured using a qualitative 24- hr dietary recall and nutritional status was assessed by Mid-upper arm circumference measurements. Analyses were done using the statistical package of social science (SPSS version 20). Results: The prevalence of sub-optimal dietary practices was 22% and under-nutrition was 17.5%. Family size >5 [AOR=8.2, 95%CI: 12.383, 46.217] and severe food insecurity [AOR=3.661, 95%CI, 1.289, 10.394] were significantly associated with sub-optimal dietary practices. Being non married woman[AOR= 3.188, 95% CI: 1.219, 8.336], lack of formal education[AOR=9.405, 95%CI: 1.079, 81.943], lack of iron supplementation [AOR=3.189, 95%CI: 1.513, 6.720], WDDS <6 [AOR= 4.057, 95% CI: 2.157, 7.634], not taking additional meal (3+) [AOR=2.267, 95%CI: 1.211, 4.244], skipping meals [AOR=3.856, 95%CI: 1.099, 13.530) were significantly associated with under-nutrition. Conclusion and Recommendations: The present study revealed that there is a burden of suboptimal dietary practice and undernutrition among the studied participants. Predictors identified for suboptimal dietary practice were the family size and household food insecurity. Similarly, undernutrition was predicted by marital status, educational status, iron supplementation, additional meal intake, and meal skipping. Strategies should be designed at different levels by concerned bodies considering dietary practice and nutritional intake of pregnant women, with possible identified factors.
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Kelly, Anthony E., and Angela O'Donnell. "Hypertext and the Study Strategies of Preservice Teachers: Issues in Instructional Hypertext Design." Journal of Educational Computing Research 10, no. 4 (June 1994): 373–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/um4g-fwy1-5wv4-y15w.
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It is a methodological challenge to study students' review of their lecture notes. First, the quality of their notes may vary considerably. Second, students review their notes with little monitoring or feedback. A hypertext program monitored the lecture note review strategies of individuals and dyads following two lectures about tests and measurements. It noted which concepts students sought at what level of detail, which content themes they favored, and which relationships among topics they pursued. Dyads' strategies were more comprehensive than the individuals' and were more directed at extracting elaborative and hierarchically structured information. The study replicated earlier findings that students did not learn well from lectures. This study also demonstrated how computers may aid in data collection in educational settings.
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Chatzimichail, Theodora, and Aristides T. Hatjimihail. "A Software Tool for Exploring the Relation between Diagnostic Accuracy and Measurement Uncertainty." Diagnostics 10, no. 9 (August 19, 2020): 610. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10090610.
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Screening and diagnostic tests are used to classify people with and without a disease. Diagnostic accuracy measures are used to evaluate the correctness of a classification in clinical research and practice. Although this depends on the uncertainty of measurement, there has been limited research on their relation. The objective of this work was to develop an exploratory tool for the relation between diagnostic accuracy measures and measurement uncertainty, as diagnostic accuracy is fundamental to clinical decision-making, while measurement uncertainty is critical to quality and risk management in laboratory medicine. For this reason, a freely available interactive program was developed for calculating, optimizing, plotting and comparing various diagnostic accuracy measures and the corresponding risk of diagnostic or screening tests measuring a normally distributed measurand, applied at a single point in time in non-diseased and diseased populations. This is done for differing prevalence of the disease, mean and standard deviation of the measurand, diagnostic threshold, standard measurement uncertainty of the tests and expected loss. The application of the program is illustrated with a case study of glucose measurements in diabetic and non-diabetic populations. The program is user-friendly and can be used as an educational and research tool in medical decision-making.
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Dargie, Felegush, Carol Jean Henry, Hailu Hailemariam, and Nigatu Regassa Geda. "A Peer-Led Pulse-based Nutrition Education Intervention Improved School-Aged Children’s Knowledge, Attitude, Practice (KAP) and Nutritional Status in Southern Ethiopia." Journal of Food Research 7, no. 3 (March 31, 2018): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v7n3p38.
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Background: Peer-led nutrition education intervention on promoting locally available pulses among school-aged children could be one strategy to overcome child malnutrition in poor communities. Objectives: This study was aimed at assessing the effect of a peer-led pulse nutrition education intervention on knowledge, attitude, practice of pulse consumption and nutritional status among 202 school children.Methods: School based randomized controlled trial was conducted among 202 (101 control and 101 cases). School age children were selected from the two groups using simple random sampling technique. Baseline data were collected from 1st May to 15th May, 2016. Six month peer led nutrition intervention was provided for the study subjects. Pre-test, post-test and anthropometric measurements (weight and height) were conducted at baseline and end of the intervention. Statistical tests such as independent two samples t-test were employed. World Health Organization (WHO) Anthrop Plus software version 1.0.4 was used to calculate anthropometric indices. Results: The mean diet diversity score was significantly (P<0.001) improved from 2.78 (0.96) to 3.60 (1.10) after a six month intervention in the intervention group. The independent two samples t-test showed significant differences (p<0.001) in knowledge, attitude and practice mean scores of school age children about pulse preparation and consumption. There was no significant difference in nutritional status: BAZ (p=0.774) and HAZ (p=0.516) of school age children between the intervention and control groups at baseline. Post-intervention showed significant (p=0.01) differences between intervention and control schools in BAZ mean score of the children which was reflected in significantly (P<0.001) decreased prevalence of thinnessConclusion: The study concluded that peer led education strategy provides an opportunity to reduce malnutrition and its impacts if properly designed, including the use of behavioural change mode.
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Jokić, Dejan, Slobodan Lubura, Milica Ristović, Stevan Stankovski, Vladimir Rajs, and Harun Šiljak. "What’s in the Box: Design of an Open Didactic Robot Environment." Electronics 9, no. 12 (December 8, 2020): 2090. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9122090.
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We present a realization of a didactic robot environment for robot PUMA 560 for educational and research purposes. Robot PUMA 560 is probably the mathematically best-described robot, and therefore it is frequently used for research and educational purposes. A developed control environment consists of a robot controller and teach pendant. The advantage of using a personally developed solution is its open structure, which allows various tests and measurements to be performed, and that is highly convenient for educational and research purposes. The motivation behind the design of this personal didactic robot control environment arose from a survey for students after the first Summer School on Mechatronic Systems. The student questionnaire revealed severe discrepancies between theory and practice in education. Even though the primary purpose of the new control environment for robot PUMA 560 was research, it was established that it is a viable lab resource that allows for the connection between theoretical and industrial robotics. It was used for the duration of four Summer Schools and university courses. Since then, it has been fully integrated into International Burch University’s Electrical and Electronics Engineering curriculum through several courses on the bachelor and master levels for multidisciplinary problem-based learning (PBL) projects.
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Teshome, Tesfalem, Pragya Singh, and Debebe Moges. "Prevalence and Associated Factors of Overweight and Obesity Among High School Adolescents in Urban Communities of Hawassa, Southern Ethiopia." Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal 1, no. 1 (August 27, 2013): 23–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crnfsj.1.1.03.
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Over the past few decades, the prevalence of overweight and obesity has significantly increased among adolescents of developed countries and becoming an emerging problem in countries undergoing socioeconomic transition. The adverse health outcomes resulting from overweight and obesity include short-term psychosocial problems and long-term non-psychological problems such as high blood pressure and type-2 diabetes. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of overweight and obesity among high school adolescent in urban communities of Hawassa city. A cross-sectional study was conducted from February 20 to March 9/ 2012 among 559 secondary school students aged 10 to 19 years old in Hawassa city. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect demographic, socio-economic, dietary and physical activity data. All anthropometric measurements of weight, height and TSFT were performed by using calibrated equipments and standardized techniques. The data was analyzed using SPSS for windows version 16 and WHO Anthro-Plus programs. Statistical tests for significance were performed at 5% level of significance. The results showed that the prevalence of overweight in the study participants was 12.9% and the prevalence of obesity was 2.7% based on age and sex specific BMI classification while based on TSFT, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 11.0% and 3.8% respectively. Statistically significant agreement was observed between the tools (k= 0.841; p <0.001). The present study also found that there were a statistically significant association between sex, total physical activity, socio economic index, consumption frequency of meat, fruit, fast food and time spent watching TV/using computer with overweight and obesity prevalence (p<0.05). The present study revealed that more than one tenth of adolescents were overweight, making it a hidden problem of Hawassa city. The causes of overweight and obesity among adolescents aged 10-19 years in the study area may be many and complex but it might stem basically from the life style of adolescents. This information is useful for the planning of health and nutrition programs as well as intervention strategies to combat adolescent overweight and obesity.
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Et al., Afdal Afdal. "The TIRI: A Rasch-Validated Revision of Resilience for Victims of Natural Disasters." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 1 (February 4, 2021): 4121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.1476.
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This article presents the validation of Taufik & Ifdil Resilienci Inventory (TIRI) in the context of post-natural disasters and in Indonesian. The quantitative research tests validity of TIRI with Rasch model analysis, TIRI is used to measure the resilience of students affected by natural disasters by the number items 43 and developed by the Indonesian Institute for Counseling, Education and Therapy (IICET) research team which is coordinated by the Research Center (Universitas Negeri Padang). This research was conducted 3 trials/cycle, all respondents per cycle were spread in 6 regencies in Kota in Indonesia. Instrument resilience for victims of natural disasters is valid and reliable (person reliability 0.68 and item reliability 0.99) with a total 25 items (Raw variance explained by measures = 23.5% with expected values of 24.3%) valid from the total items of 43 items, that means items already represent measurements for the resilience of victims of natural disasters.
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Andreev, Viktor, Alexander Fominikh, Igor Konovalov, Alexander Morozov, and Alina Snegireva. "COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE FUNCTIONAL STATE OF CARDIORESPIRATORY SYSTEM AND PHYSICAL FITNESS OF SCHOOLCHILDREN AGED 13 TO 16 YEARS WITH CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISORDERS AND THEIR HEALTHY PEERS." SCIENCE AND SPORT: current trends 8, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.36028/2308-8826-2020-8-4-33-39.
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Purpose of research. Comparative study of the cardiorespiratory activity and physical fitness of schoolchildren aged 13 to 16 years with chronic respiratory disorders and their healthy peers. Methods and organization of research. The research process included the following methods: analysis of scientific and methodological literature with subsequent systematization of data, pedagogical observation, functional tests, pedagogical testing, anthropometric measurements, and mathematical statistics. Research results and discussion. This article contains the findings of a study investigating cardiorespiratory system and physical fitness of both male and female schoolchildren aged 13 to 16 years with chronic respiratory disorders. We carried out a comparative analysis of the obtained indicators of studied children and their peers without health problems. We applied the functional tests determining the activity of cardiorespiratory system to identify adaptive capacities of children to physical exercise. We used special tests to assess physical fitness. The study revealed that the cardiorespiratory activity and physical fitness levels of schoolchildren with chronic respiratory disorders are lower than the same parameters of their peers without health problems. Conclusion. Educational research aimed at investigating the functional state of cardiorespiratory system and physical fitness of schoolchildren with chronic respiratory disorders and their healthy peers revealed that the indicators of cardiorespiratory activity of schoolchildren with chronic respiratory disorders are significantly lower than the same parameters of their healthy peers.
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Worku, Ayalew A. "Factors affecting diffusion and adoption of agricultural innovations among farmers in Ethiopia case study of Ormia regional state Westsern Sewa." International Journal of Agricultural Extension 7, no. 2 (August 30, 2019): 137–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/ijae.007.02.2864.
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The contribution of new technology to economic growth can only be realized when and if the new technology is widely diffused and used. Diffusion itself results from a series of individual decisions to begin using the new technology, decisions which are often the result of a comparison of the uncertain benefits of the new invention with the uncertain costs of adopting it. An understanding of the factors affecting this choice is essential both for economists studying the determinants of growth and for the generators and disseminators of such technologies. The study was to determine the factors affecting farmer’s adoption of improved agricultural innovation in Welmera district western part of Oromia regional state Ethiopia. Non replaceable lottery method and proportional to size sampling techniques were employed for the selection of 130 respondents; structural questionnaires and group discussion were used. Data were analyzed using Statistical tests like chi-square, t-test, one way ANOVA and econometric model Tobit was used to identify the effect of the hypothesized variables on the dependent variable. The result of the econometric model indicated that the educational level of respondent, total land holding, accesses to research and access to the extension were found significant to influence the adoption of improved potato production packages. The mean average age of sample respondent was 45-54. The independent t-test result shows that there was no significant difference between adopter categories in terms of age to the adoption of improved potato technology (t=1.747, p 0.991). From the sample household heads 13.85% of respondent farmers are illiterate and the remaining 86.15% are educated. Majority of high adopters have been educated from grade 5 to 10 Chi-square test also shows the significant difference between adopter categories of improved potato technologies (χ2=17.25a, P=0.004). It is time to look participatory extension approach which invites different stakeholders. FRG approach contributed a significant role in the diffusion and adoption of agricultural innovations.
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Mekonnen, Zeleke, Derartu Hassen, Serkadis Debalke, Abebaw Tiruneh, Yaregal Asres, Legesse Chelkeba, Endalew Zemene, and Tefera Belachew. "Soil-transmitted helminth infections and nutritional status of school children in government elementary schools in Jimma Town, Southwestern Ethiopia." SAGE Open Medicine 8 (January 2020): 205031212095469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050312120954696.
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Introduction: Soil-transmitted helminth infections and malnutrition are major health problems of school-age children in developing countries. Malnutrition and soil-transmitted helminth infections often co-exist with synergetic consequences. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and intensity of soil-transmitted helminths and its association with nutritional status of school-age children. Methods: School-based cross-sectional study was carried out from April to May 2014 among 404 elementary school-age children in Jimma Town, Southwest Ethiopia. Data on background characteristics were collected using structured interviewer administered questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements were taken according to World Health Organization standard. Fresh single stool sample was collected from each study participant and examined using direct wet mount and McMaster techniques. Anthropometric indices were generated using WHO AnthroPlus software. Multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to isolate independent predictors of intestinal parasitic infection and nutritional status using STATA-MP software. All tests were two-sided and P < 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. Results: The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites and soil-transmitted helminths were 68.6% (n = 277) and 55.0% (n = 222), respectively. A total of eight species of intestinal parasites were identified in this study, Trichuris trichiura being the most common parasite identified followed by Ascaris lumbricoides. Study participants who had a habit of open defecation were two times more likely to be infected with soil-transmitted helminths (adjusted odds ratio = 1.9, 95% confidence interval: 1.0–3.4). The overall prevalence of stunting and thinness were 21.0% (n = 85) and 6.9% (n = 28), respectively. The odds of stunting was significantly high (adjusted odds ratio = 4.0, 95% confidence interval: 1.7–9.7) among children who had fathers working as daily labourers and children with personal dietary diversity score of ⩽3 (adjusted odds ratio = 3.5, 95% confidence interval: 1.5–8.0). T. trichiura infection (adjusted odds ratio = 9.4, 95% confidence interval: 2.0–44.8) was identified as an independent predictor of stunting among school-age children. Conclusion: Both the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths and stunting are high among school-age children in Jimma Town. Although there was no statistically significant association between the STHs, in general, T. trichiura was reported as predictor of stunting. The results imply the need for strengthening strategies for reduction of parasitic infection to curb the pervasively high prevalence of stunting.
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Рушингина and Olga Rushingina. "THE USE OF TEST TECHNOLOGIES UNDER CONDITIONS OF TRANSITION TO COMPETENCE APPROACH." Standards and Monitoring in Education 1, no. 4 (September 16, 2013): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/955.
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The issues related to transition to the new educational standards are considered in this paper. The author characterizes two of new standards’ key concepts, such as competence and competence approach.
The problems of assessment system as one of education’s important components functioning as feedback are revealed. The assessment system is a kind of education system’s regulator. The author considers the students’ assessment problem taking into account the competence approach. The traditional system of students’ knowledge assessment that was formed even in the Soviet school, has undoubtedly rich experience, but by virtue of its organizational and technological particularities can’t meet the requirements of modern society. The information society development has led to emergence of such notions as “education monitoring” and “evaluation”, the main point of which is revealed by this paper’s author. These notions, including all education areas, are connected even with the problems of pedagogical measurements, in particular, with the studies related to test problematics. The tests in its development have gone from their total negation till the becoming of graduates’ state exam form. The author considers the test technologies, particularly the computer ones, as an eff ective assessment mean of educational competencies’ formation level.
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Rahmanian, Karamatollah, Mohammad Shojaei, Abdolreza Sotoodeh Jahromi, and Abdoulhossein Madani. "The Association Between Pre-Diabetes With Body Mass Index and Marital Status in an Iranian Urban Population." Global Journal of Health Science 8, no. 4 (July 31, 2015): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v8n4p95.
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<p>Pre-diabetes increased the development of diabetes mellitus (type 2). The aim of study was to determine the association of body weight, education and marital status with pre-diabetes in an Iranian urban population.A sample of 788 subjects (360 men and 428 women) between the ages 30–85 years participated in our study and anthropometric measurements, educational level and fasting blood sugar of participants were recorded. The t and Chi square tests were used for continuous and categorical variables. The association of age, BMI categories, educational level and marital status to pre-diabetes was assessed by estimating the odds ratio. A <em>p</em>-value ≤ 0.05 were considered significant. The analysis was done using SPSS version 11.5. Our study showed that pre-diabetic subjects were older and low educated than normoglycemic subjects. Mean BMI and educational level were associated to pre-diabetes only in women. The odds of being pre-diabetes also were higher in obese women than in normal BMI women. No relationship was found between education and marital status with pre-diabetes in both men and women. Based on our finding, it is possible that advancing age and obesity has increased in pre-diabetes. This highlights the importance of population based survey to monitor blood glucose for effective prevention and control.</p>
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Altay, Figen, and Kevser Bozkurt. "Assessment of Educational Game Materials and Poster Practices with Rubrics by Expert Educators and Students." Journal of Education and Training Studies 5, no. 13 (January 11, 2018): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/jets.v5i13.2855.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference between evaluations of the educational game materials and poster practices by students’ own peers and by expert educators using the rubrics created by expert educators and students together. Study included 10 students and 3 educators attended educational game materials course. Students were informed about basic skills of movement, game, game types, game equipment, analytical rubric, and educational game lectures were given to the students for 6 weeks and 80 minutes each week. 12-question knowledge test was used regarding educational games, analytical scoring rubrics, developing game materials and preparing posters. Materials and posters presented in the course were recorded. Evaluation scales were selected by students and expert teachers. Selected peers and educators evaluated 25 videos. One-way analysis of variance and correlation analysis were used for the reliability and repeatability measurements of the students and teachers. R values of 0.96-0.92 were found between students and 0.78-0.86 between educators. For knowledge tests of the groups, according to Wilcoxon paired two-sample test, there was a significant difference in test results (p<.05). The t test was used in the results of the student and educator video evaluations and there was no significant difference between the scores given by the expert educators and the students to the material and poster presentations (p>.05). In conclusion, this study showed that students could make evaluations as good as expert educators when given an answer key such as a scoring rubric that will help them in the evaluation.
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Gebre, Abel, and Afework Mulugeta. "Prevalence of Anemia and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women in North Western Zone of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study." Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/165430.
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Background. Anemia affects the lives of more than 2 billion people globally, accounting for over 30% of the world’s population. Anemia is a global public health problem occurring at all stages of the life cycle but the burden of the problem is higher in pregnant women particularly in developing countries. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of anemia and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in north western zone of Tigray, northern Ethiopia.Methods. A facility based cross-sectional study was employed. A systematic random sampling procedure was employed to select 714 pregnant women who were attending antenatal clinics in health facilities found in the study area from April to May 2014. The data was entered and analyzed using Epi-info version 3.5.1 and SPSS version 20.0 statistical software, respectively. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with anemia among the study participants. All tests were two-sided andpvalue < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results. The overall prevalence of anemia (hemoglobin < 11 g/dL) among the pregnant women was 36.1% (95% CI = 32.7%–39.7%) of which 58.5% were mildly, 35.7% moderately, and 5.8% severely anemic. In pregnant women, rural residence (AOR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.01–3.04), no education/being illiterate (AOR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.03–2.37), absence of iron supplementation during pregnancy (AOR = 2.76, 95% CI = 1.92–5.37), and meal frequency of less than two times per day (AOR = 2.28, 95% CI = 1.06–4.91) were the independent predictors for increased anemia among the pregnant women.Conclusions. Anemia was found to be moderate public health problem in the study area. Residence, educational status, iron supplementation during pregnancy, and meal frequency per day were statistically associated with anemia among the pregnant women. Awareness creation and nutrition education on the importance of taking iron supplementation and nutritional counseling on consumption of extra meal and iron-rich foods during pregnancy are recommended to prevent anemia in the pregnant women.
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Rakov, Sergiy. "QUALITY OF UKRAINIAN EDUCATION ACCORDING TO THE RESULTS OF PISA 2018 AND THE OECD PROJECT "FUTURE OF EDUCATION AND SKILLS 2030"." Educational Analytics of Ukraine, no. 2 (2020): 99–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.32987/2617-8532-2020-2-99-114.
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Since its inception in 2000, the international comparative survey of education quality PISA has become a globally recognized powerful lever for improving national education systems, determining their state and development trends according to internationally agreed indicators based on measurements using internationally agreed tools (tests and questionnaires) and procedures for preparation, administration and evaluation of results. In 2015, the OECD launched the "Future of Education and Skills 2030" project, aimed at developing the foundations for an effective education system for the future, the first phase of which culminated in 2019 with the creation of the OECD Learning Compass 2030, a conceptual framework for future school curricula and studying in a learner context. At the second stage, it is planned to create the foundations of effective educating in the context of a teacher. These documents should play the role of the foundation for making the PISA program better by improving, first of all, the PISA subject frameworks in the main domains: reading, mathematics and natural sciences. For the effective improvement of Ukraine's education system, it is important not only to analyse its current state, in particular, its PISA-2018 results, but also to pursue a long-term educational policy aimed at developing an educational model that is based on national educational and cultural achievements and traditions, and is also consistent with the developments of the OECD project "The Future of Education and Skills 2030". The article analyzes the key ideas of the OECD Learning Compass 2030 and discusses some issues of their implementation in the educational practice of Ukraine.
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Nurfadilah H, Siti, Madarina Julia, and Riris Andono Ahmad. "Aktivitas fisik dan screen based activity pada remaja di Wates." Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat 33, no. 7 (July 1, 2017): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/bkm.17879.
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PurposeThe purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between physical activity and screen based activity with sleep patterns in adolescents.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among junior high school students in August 2016. Samples were 536 respondents selected using stratified random sampling. Data were collected through interviews with a structured questionnaire, and measurements of height and waist circumference. Data analyses used chi-square, mann-whitney and logistic regression tests to explore factors associated with sleep pattern.ResultsOut off 536 respondents, poor sleep quality (34.5%) and short sleep duration (45.3%) happened among female adolescents. There was a significant correlation between screen based activity with sleep quality in adolescents. Physical activity had a significant relationship with sleep duration.ConclusionPhysical activity and SBA was associated with adolescent sleep patterns. Appropriate educational promotions by the Kulon Progo education authorities should be conducted to provide information about the importance of adequate sleep.
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Mcphee, Stephen J., Joyce Adair Bird, Ngoc-The Ha, Christopher N. H. Jenkins, Don Fordham, and Bich Le. "Pathways to Early Cancer Detection for Vietnamese Women: Suc Khoe La Vang! (Health is Gold!)." Health Education Quarterly 23, no. 1_suppl (December 1996): 60–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109019819602301s06.
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To promote breast and cervical screening among Vietnamese women, a neighborhood-based intervention was developed that included small-group education, distribution of Vietnamese-language educational materials, and health fairs. The rationale for these modes of intervention is described. A pretest/posttest controlled trial is used to evaluate the intervention. San Francisco, California, is the experimental community; Sacramento, California, is the comparison community. The study hypothesizes that postintervention measurements of screening rates will reflect significantly greater increases among women in the experimental community than in the comparison community. This article reports results from the 1992 baseline household survey of 306 Vietnamese women in San Francisco and of 339 Vietnamese women in Sacramento. There were no significant differences in screening rates between the two communities. Only 50-54% of women had received routine checkups; 44-55%, mammograms; 40-45%, clinical breast examinations; 40-46%, Pap smear tests; and 58-65%, pelvic examinations.
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Eyeberu, Addis, Dechasa Adare Mengistu, Belay Negash, Addisu Alemu, Degu Abate, Temam Beshir Raru, Alemayehu Deressa Wayessa, et al. "Community risk perception and health-seeking behavior in the era of COVID-19 among adult residents of Harari regional state, eastern Ethiopia." SAGE Open Medicine 9 (January 2021): 205031212110361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20503121211036132.
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Background: COVID-19 brought significant challenges to public health. It changed the view of global health and safety, trust in the healthcare system, and clients’ willingness to seek healthcare. To contain the course of the COVID-19 pandemic and its detrimental effects, understanding peoples’ health behavior, especially healthcare-seeking, and determining the community risk perception is very important. Thus, this study aimed to determine the health-seeking behavior, community’s risk perception to COVID-19 pandemics, and factors influencing the community risk perception in Harari regional state, Ethiopia. Methods: Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 5 to 30 February 2021. A total of 1320 adult (>18 years) participants were selected using systematic random sampling. The data were collected using an online kobo collect toolbox and analyzed using descriptive statistical tests. Chi-square test and multiple binary logistic regression were applied to examine the difference between variables. A p-value < 0.05 was considered to be of statistical significance. Results: The study included 1296 respondents >18 years old. The overall prevalence of willingness to seek healthcare in the study area was 35.6% (95% CI: 33%–38.3.0%). The mean cumulative score of risk perception was 30.5 (SD ± 7.25) with the minimum and maximum score of 13 and 63, respectively. A total of 656 (50.6%) of the participants had low-risk perceptions concerning COVID-19. The study found a statistically significant association between risk perception and sociodemographic characteristics (age, educational status, and income), and knowledge of the respondents. Conclusion: The overall prevalence of willingness to seek healthcare was 35.6%. Healthcare intervention aimed to contain the COVID-19 pandemic should consider the factors associated with the study area. Similarly, the study found a low-risk perception among the community that needs critical action to manage the COVID-19 pandemic and to protect the community as a whole. Thus, it is necessary to improve community risk perception through health education.
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Osbeck, Christina, Olof Franck, Annika Lilja, Karin Sporre, and Johan Tykesson. "Abilities, knowledge requirements and national tests in RE – The Swedish case as an example in the outcome-focused school and society of today." Zeitschrift für Pädagogik und Theologie 70, no. 4 (December 19, 2018): 397–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zpt-2018-0056.
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AbstractThe aim of this article is to present the system that governs Swedish RE in terms of curricular requirements, national tests and their outcomes, and discuss this in light of the current critical debate on an outcome-focused school, as well as the debate on the need for ‘powerful knowledge’. The debate on educational achievements and measurements can be seen from different angles. On the one hand, there are reasons to take the criticisms seriously, for instance concerning how such a focus tends to instrumentalise and superficialise knowledge and education. On the other hand, from a societal perspective, one has to ensure that all students, through their education, have opportunities to develop powerful knowledge that helps to explain the world so that school can contribute to social justice. Against such a background, the Swedish system is described as a rather strongly steering system that regulates schools through curricula but also monitors them through national tests. Through a brief presentation of empirical findings from the EthiCo project, it is shown how this system in practice limits the students’ chances of acquiring a multidimensional ethical competence and instead highlights a one-dimensional argumentative competence. Such a teaching runs the risk of reducing rather than widening students’ ethical competence.
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Royadi, Dedi, Mohd Nasrun Mohd Nawi, and Fitria Supyaningsih. "Measurement of Reliability of Test Instruments Through Management of Education and Psychology." Aptisi Transactions on Management (ATM) 2, no. 2 (July 2, 2018): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33050/atm.v2i2.788.
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At this time in the world of work or in job management workers are required to be able to solve problems that mean that in education and psychology management must be able to build or develop instruments in all fields of management. The development of measurement instruments in the field of psychology and education many assume the use of unidimensional measurements, which conceptually formulated that there is one type of ability factor, personality, character, and attitude measured by one measurement instrument. This study aims to allow readers to understand the notions of reliability, reliability of learning outcomes tests, general models of reliability, simple methods of estimating reliability, retesting methods, parallel methods, halves, moment product equations, Flanagan equations, Rulon equations, reliability coefficients , and standard measurement errors. In order for this management research to take place smoothly, the researcher uses the literature study method as his research method.
Keywords: Educational management, Measurement Instruments, Reliability
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ARLANDINI, CLAUDIO D., MATTEO J. BOSCHINI, and ANDREA MATTASOGLIO. "A HIGH-PERFORMANCE MIXED-TECHNOLOGY LAN FOR EDUCATION AND RESEARCH." International Journal of Modern Physics C 12, no. 04 (May 2001): 459–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183101002231.
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In this work we describe a series of performance tests on different architectures of high bandwidth local area networks, contemporarily in use at C.I.L.E.A. (Inter-University Consortium for Automatic Elaboration of Lombardy) to connect multi-processor machines devoted to educational and research purposes, such as fluido-dynamic and mechanical simulations. This LAN is essentially made out of a standard FDDI ring, and an HyperFabric backbone. HyperFabric is a Hewlett-Packard high performance network system bus, with a declared maximum bandwidth of 2.5 Gbit/s full duplex per link. We present a comparison, in terms of effective bandwidth, average throughput and CPU consumption of the above mentioned network systems. Furthermore we also describe the effects, in terms of transfer efficiency, of such a mixed environment, in which different systems co-exist and must often be cross-walked by various applications, as backups and mass storage access. Measurements and comparisons are made using Open Software tools like netperf and HetPIPE.