Journal articles: 'EDVAC'

1

Wang, Daniel C. "From the EDVAC to WEBVACs." Queue 13, no. 4 (April 2015): 10–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2756506.2756508.

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Wang, Daniel C. "From the EDVAC to WEBVACs." Communications of the ACM 58, no. 8 (July 23, 2015): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2714079.

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3

Reitwiesner, G. W. "The first operating system for the EDVAC." IEEE Annals of the History of Computing 19, no. 1 (1997): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/85.560738.

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4

Williams, M. R. "The origins, uses, and fate of the EDVAC." IEEE Annals of the History of Computing 15, no. 1 (1993): 22–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/85.194089.

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5

von Neumann, J. "First draft of a report on the EDVAC." IEEE Annals of the History of Computing 15, no. 4 (1993): 27–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/85.238389.

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Miranda, Pablo. "Computer utterances: Sequence and event in digital architecture." International Journal of Architectural Computing 15, no. 4 (October 13, 2017): 268–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1478077117734661.

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Barely a month before the end of World War II, a technical report begun circulating among allied scientists: the ‘First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC’, attributed to John von Neumann, described for the first time the design and implementation of the earliest stored-program computer. The ‘First Draft’ became the template followed by subsequent British and American computers, establishing the standard characteristics of most computing machines to date. This article looks at how the material and design choices described in this report influenced architecture, as it set up the technological matrix onto which a discipline relying on a tradition of drawn geometry would be eventually completely remediated. It consists of two parts: first, a theoretical section, analysing the repercussions for architecture of the type of computer laid out in the ‘First Draft’. Second, a description of a design experiment, a sort of information furniture, that tests and exemplifies some of the observations from the first section. This experiment examines the possibilities of an architecture that, moving beyond geometric representations, uses instead the programming of events as its rationale. The structure of this article reflects a methodology in which theoretical formulation and design experiments proceed in parallel. The theoretical investigation proposes concepts that can be tested and refined through design and conversely design work determines and encourages technical, critical and historical research. This relation is dialogical: theoretical investigation is not simply a rationalisation and explanation of earlier design work; inversely, the role of design is not just to illustrate previously formulated concepts. Both design and theorisation are interdependent but autonomous in their parallel development.

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Lee, J. H. M., and K. L. Leung. "Consistency Techniques for Flow-Based Projection-Safe Global Cost Functions in Weighted Constraint Satisfaction." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 43 (February 28, 2012): 257–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.3476.

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Many combinatorial problems deal with preferences and violations, the goal of which is to find solutions with the minimum cost. Weighted constraint satisfaction is a framework for modeling such problems, which consists of a set of cost functions to measure the degree of violation or preferences of different combinations of variable assignments. Typical solution methods for weighted constraint satisfaction problems (WCSPs) are based on branch-and-bound search, which are made practical through the use of powerful consistency techniques such as AC*, FDAC*, EDAC* to deduce hidden cost information and value pruning during search. These techniques, however, are designed to be efficient only on binary and ternary cost functions which are represented in table form. In tackling many real-life problems, high arity (or global) cost functions are required. We investigate efficient representation scheme and algorithms to bring the benefits of the consistency techniques to also high arity cost functions, which are often derived from hard global constraints from classical constraint satisfaction. The literature suggests some global cost functions can be represented as flow networks, and the minimum cost flow algorithm can be used to compute the minimum costs of such networks in polynomial time. We show that naive adoption of this flow-based algorithmic method for global cost functions can result in a stronger form of null-inverse consistency. We further show how the method can be modified to handle cost projections and extensions to maintain generalized versions of AC* and FDAC* for cost functions with more than two variables. Similar generalization for the stronger EDAC* is less straightforward. We reveal the oscillation problem when enforcing EDAC* on cost functions sharing more than one variable. To avoid oscillation, we propose a weak version of EDAC* and generalize it to weak EDGAC* for non-binary cost functions. Using various benchmarks involving the soft variants of hard global constraints ALLDIFFERENT, GCC, SAME, and REGULAR, empirical results demonstrate that our proposal gives improvements of up to an order of magnitude when compared with the traditional constraint optimization approach, both in terms of time and pruning.

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8

Wilkes, M. V. "EDSAC 2." IEEE Annals of the History of Computing 14, no. 4 (1992): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/85.194055.

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Fielding, David I., Justin Travers, Phan Nguyen, Michael G. Brown, Gunter Hartel, and Stephen Morrison. "Expiratory reactance abnormalities in patients with expiratory dynamic airway collapse: a new application of impulse oscillometry." ERJ Open Research 4, no. 4 (October 2018): 00080–2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/23120541.00080-2018.

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Expiratory dynamic airways collapse (EDAC) is a condition that affects the central airways; it is not well characterised physiologically, with relatively few studies. We sought to characterise impulse oscillometry (IOS) features of EDAC in patients with normal spirometry. Expiratory data were hypothesised to be the most revealing. In addition, we compared IOS findings in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with and without EDAC.EDAC was identified at bronchoscopy as 75–100% expiratory closure at the carina or bilateral main bronchi. Four patient groups were compared: controls with no EDAC and normal lung function; lone EDAC with normal lung function; COPD-only patients; and COPD patients with EDAC.38 patients were studied. Mean IOS data z-scores for EDAC compared to controls showed significantly higher reactance (X) values including X at 5 Hz, resonance frequency and area under the reactance curve (AX). EDAC showed significantly greater expiratory/inspiratory differences in all IOS data compared to controls. Stepwise logistic regression showed that resonant frequency best discriminated between EDAC and normal control, whereas classification and regression tree analysis found AX ≥3.523 to be highly predictive for EDAC in cases with normal lung function (14 out of 15 cases, and none out of eight controls).These data show a new utility of IOS: detecting EDAC in patients with normal lung function.

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10

Parkes, Hugh. "EDPAC '95: New Horizons." Computer Audit Update 1995, no. 7 (July 1995): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-2593(00)80045-2.

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Wheeler, J. M. "Applications of the EDSAC." IEEE Annals of the History of Computing 14, no. 4 (1992): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/85.194052.

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Wheeler, D. J. "The EDSAC programming systems." IEEE Annals of the History of Computing 14, no. 4 (1992): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/85.194053.

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13

Wilkes, M. V. "Arithmetic on the EDSAC." IEEE Annals of the History of Computing 19, no. 1 (1997): 13–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/85.560726.

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14

Barron, D. "EDSAC: A Programmer Remembers." Computer Journal 54, no. 1 (December 22, 2009): 139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxp115.

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15

Fang, Michele, Frances Mao, and S. Ryan Greysen. "Establishing an Orthopedic Excess Hospital Days in Acute Care Program." Journal of Hospital Medicine 15, no. 11 (July 22, 2020): 659–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.12788/jhm.3440.

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BACKGROUND: Excess days in acute care (EDAC) after total joint arthroplasty (TJA) represent a large economic burden. We developed an Orthopedic EDAC program that triages TJA patients to the appropriate service line (orthopedic vs medicine) and level of care (observation vs inpatient) on re-presentation. We developed and used evidence-based protocols for the treatment of TJA patients who are rehospitalized. METHODS: We defined Orthopedic EDAC as the length of stay (LOS) during readmission and observation stays. Our target population included TJA and revision TJA patients. Patients between April 2016 and September 2017 and between October 2017 and September 2018 were defined as pre-implementation and postimplementation of the Orthopedic EDAC program, respectively. RESULTS: A total of 2,662 patients underwent TJA and revision TJA during the pre-implementation and postimplementation periods. Twenty-three patients were managed on observation status during the study period. Readmissions decreased from 49 (6.1%) during preimplementation to 37 (2.0%) during post-implementation (P = .004). By design, more rehospitalized patients were on the orthopedic surgery service after implementation of the Orthopedic EDAC program (n = 49; 70%) versus before (n = 22; 35%; P = .028). EDAC LOS decreased from 7.75 days to 4.73 days (P = .005). CONCLUSION: In this single-center, before-after pilot of a novel Orthopedic EDAC program, we demonstrated a reduction in readmissions and Orthopedic EDAC LOS, as well as improved continuity of care for TJA patients on representation. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2020;15:XXXXXX. © 2020 Society of Hospital Medicine

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Parkinson, Dwight. "Extradural neural axis compartment." Journal of Neurosurgery 92, no. 4 (April 2000): 585–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2000.92.4.0585.

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✓ The lengthy, continuous, slender extradural neural axis compartment (EDNAC), which extends from the coccyx to the orbit, has been not so much discovered as recognized. Through this compartment run arteries, myelinated and unmyelinated nerves, and valveless veins. Adipose tissue is abundant in the orbital and spinal segments, possibly due to movement requirements, although it is very sparse in the skull base segment, the last segment to be recognized as a continuation of the EDNAC, which connects Breschet's veins to the orbit. The lateral sellar compartment (in older terminology, the cavernous sinus) is an enlarged segment of this EDNAC along the skull base connecting the orbit with the extradural space through the superior orbital fissure and down the dorsum to Breschet's veins of the basilar process of the occipital bone. Understanding the continuity of the EDNAC should help the student understand any segment, particularly the skull base.As Batson noted, “Living anatomy is slowly editing and replacing the anatomy of the dead room.”

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François, Patrick, Nadine Travers, Emmanuel Lescanne, Brigitte Arbeille, Michel Jan, and Stéphane Velut. "The interperiosteo-dural concept applied to the perisellar compartment: a microanatomical and electron microscopic study." Journal of Neurosurgery 113, no. 5 (November 2010): 1045–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2010.1.jns081701.

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Object The dura mater has 2 dural layers: the endosteal layer (outer layer), which is firmly attached to the bone, and the meningeal layer (inner layer), which directly covers the brain. These 2 dural layers join together in the middle temporal fossa or the convexity and separate into the orbital, lateral sellar compartment (LSC), or spinal epidural space to form the extradural neural axis compartment (EDNAC). The aim of this work was to anatomically verify the concept of the EDNAC by using electron microscopy. Methods The authors studied the cadaveric heads obtained from 13 adults. Ten of the specimens (or 20 perisellar areas) were injected with colored latex and fixed in formalin. They carefully removed each brain to allow a superior approach to the perisellar area. The 3 other specimens were studied by microscopic and ultrastructural methods to describe the EDNAC in the perisellar area. Special attention was paid to the dural layers surrounding the perisellar area. The authors studied the anatomy of the meningeal architecture of the LSC, the petroclival venous confluence, the orbit, and the trigeminal cave. After dissection, the authors took photographs of the dural layers with the aid of optical magnification. The 3 remaining heads, obtained from fresh cadavers, were prepared for electron microscopic study. Results The EDNAC is limited by the endosteal layer and the meningeal layer and contains fat and/or venous blood. The endosteal layer and meningeal layer were not identical on electron microscopy; this finding can be readily related to the histology of the meninges. Conclusions In this study, the authors demonstrated the existence of the EDNAC concept in the perisellar area by using dissected cadaveric heads and verified the reality of the concept of the meningeal layer with electron microscopy. These findings clearly demonstrated the existence of the EDNAC, a notion that has generally been accepted but never demonstrated microscopically.

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18

Bernard, Florian, Ilyess Zemmoura, Jean Philippe Cottier, Henri-Dominique Fournier, Louis-Marie Terrier, and Stéphane Velut. "The interperiosteodural concept applied to the jugular foramen and its compartmentalization." Journal of Neurosurgery 129, no. 3 (September 2018): 770–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2017.1.jns161890.

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OBJECTIVEThe dura mater is made of 2 layers: the endosteal layer (outer layer), which is firmly attached to the bone, and the meningeal layer (inner layer), which directly covers the brain and spinal cord. These 2 dural layers join together in most parts of the skull base and cranial convexity, and separate into the orbital and perisellar compartments or into the spinal epidural space to form the extradural neural axis compartment (EDNAC). The EDNAC contains fat and/or venous blood. The aim of this dissection study was to anatomically verify the concept of the EDNAC by focusing on the dural layers surrounding the jugular foramen area.METHODSThe authors injected 10 cadaveric heads (20 jugular foramina) with colored latex and fixed them in formalin. The brainstem and cerebellum of 7 specimens were cautiously removed to allow a superior approach to the jugular foramen. Special attention was paid to the meningeal architecture of the jugular foramen, the petrosal inferior sinus and its venous confluence with the sigmoid sinus, and the glossopharyngeal, vagus, and accessory nerves. The 3 remaining heads were bleached with a 20% hydrogen peroxide solution. This procedure produced softening of the bone without modifying the fixed soft tissues, thus permitting coronal and axial dissections.RESULTSThe EDNAC of the jugular foramen was limited by the endosteal and meningeal layers and contained venous blood. These 2 dural layers joined together at the level of the petrous and occipital bones and separated at the inferior petrosal sinus and the sigmoid sinus, and around the lower cranial nerves, to form the EDNAC. Study of the dural sheaths allowed the authors to describe an original compartmentalization of the jugular foramen in 3 parts: 2 neural compartments—glossopharyngeal and vagal—and the interperiosteodural compartment.CONCLUSIONSIn this dissection study, the existence of the EDNAC concept in the jugular foramen was demonstrated, leading to the proposal of a novel 3-part compartmentalization, challenging the classical 2-part compartmentalization, of the jugular foramen.

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19

Berry, Neerav. "Reports on EDAC 1990." ACM SIGDA Newsletter 20, no. 1 (June 1990): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/378886.378894.

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Kristoffersen, Linda. "Report on EDAC-90." ACM SIGDA Newsletter 20, no. 1 (June 1990): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/378886.378895.

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Kraśniewski, Andrzej. "Report on EDAC-90." ACM SIGDA Newsletter 20, no. 1 (June 1990): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/378886.378897.

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Knutsen, E. W., O. Witasse, B. Sanchez-Cano, M. Lester, R. F. Wimmer-Schweingruber, M. Denis, J. Godfrey, and A. Johnstone. "Galactic cosmic ray modulation at Mars and beyond measured with EDACs on Mars Express and Rosetta." Astronomy & Astrophysics 650 (June 2021): A165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202140767.

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Galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) are an intrinsic part of the heliospheric radiation environment and an inevitable challenge to long-term space exploration. Here we show solar-cycle-induced GCR modulation at Mars in the period 2005–2020, along with GCR radial gradients, by comparing Mars Express and Rosetta engineering parameters to sunspot number time series. The engineering parameters used are the error detection and correction (EDAC) counters, cumulative counters that are triggered by charged energetic particles that cause memory errors in onboard computers. EDAC data provide a new way of gaining insight into the field of particle transport in the heliosphere; these data also allow us to complement dedicated radiation instrumentation as EDAC software is present on all spacecraft. This dataset was used to capture variations in GCRs in both space and time, yielding the same qualitative information as ground-based neutron monitors. Our analysis of the Mars Express EDAC parameter reveals a strong solar cycle GCR modulation, with a time lag of ∼5.5 months. By combining Mars Express with Rosetta data, we calculate a 4.7 ± 0.8% increase in EDAC count rates per astronomical unit, which we attribute to a radial gradient in GCR fluxes in accordance with established literature. The potential of engineering data for scientific purposes remains mostly unexplored. The results obtained from this work demonstrate, for the first time for heliophysics purposes, the usefulness of the EDAC engineering parameter, the usefulness of data mining, and the utility of keeping missions operational for many years, all of which provide complimentary data to nominal science instruments.

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Chen, Mengfu, Chenguang Guo, Lei Chen, Wenjie Li, Fan Zhang, Xiaoxiang Hu, and Jiancheng Xu. "Research on EDAC Schemes for Memory in Space Applications." Electronics 10, no. 5 (February 25, 2021): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10050533.

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Memory used for storing the configuration bitstream of field programmable gate array in space applications often encounters single event upset problems, which may disrupt the integrity of data in memory and lead to unpredictable failures. For commercial memories used in low Earth orbit (LEO), single-bit errors and double-byte errors account for a large proportion. Meanwhile, error detection and correction (EDAC) schemes, e.g., triple modular redundancy, linear block codes, memory scrubbing, and the combination of these schemes, are very popular in LEO missions. To further these works, a novel EDAC scheme with cascaded “Bose–Chaudhuri–Hocquenghem and cyclic redundancy check” codes and a proper scrubbing method is presented in this paper. The performance of the proposed design is measured and compared with state-of-the-art EDAC schemes in terms of hardware overhead, time overhead and error correction and detection capabilities. It is concluded that the proposed EDAC scheme is better suited for memory in space applications.

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YALÇIN, Gökhan. "Haşim Bey Mecmuası Edvar Bölümünün Kaynakları." Journal of Turkish Studies 9, Volume 9 Issue 5 (January 1, 2014): 2053. http://dx.doi.org/10.7827/turkishstudies.6621.

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Swade, D. "Inventing the User: EDSAC in Context." Computer Journal 54, no. 1 (December 17, 2009): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxp116.

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Tanimura, Nobuyuki, and Yasuyuki Fujita. "Epithelial defense against cancer (EDAC)." Seminars in Cancer Biology 63 (June 2020): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.05.011.

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Abbassy, Mohamed M. "The Human Brain Signal Detection of Health Information System in EDSAC: A Novel Cipher Text Attribute based Encryption with EDSAC Distributed Storage Access Control." Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems 12, SP7 (July 25, 2020): 858–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5373/jardcs/v12sp7/20202176.

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Mônika, Chaves Medici, and Izabel Cristina Fröner. "A scanning electron microscopic evaluation of different root canal irrigation regimens." Brazilian Oral Research 20, no. 3 (September 2006): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1806-83242006000300010.

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The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of endodontic irrigants in removing the smear layer from instrumented root canal walls using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The endodontic irrigants used were: 1% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); 1% NaOCl mixed to 17% EDTAC; 2% chlorhexidine gel; and Ricinus communis gel. Photomicrographs of the middle and apical thirds were evaluated with the aid of the Fotoscore - v. 2.0 software. The results indicated that the mixture of sodium hypochlorite and EDTAC completely removed the smear layer from dentinal walls. The other endodontic irrigants were not as efficient in cleansing the root canals.

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Eason, Ernest D., Edward E. Nelson, and Graham B. Heys. "Fatigue Crack Growth Rate of Medium and Low Sulfur Ferritic Steels in Pressurized Water Reactor Primary Water Environments." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 125, no. 4 (November 1, 2003): 385–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1613948.

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Models of fatigue crack growth rates for medium and low sulfur ferritic pressure vessel steels in pressurized water reactor (PWR) primary environments are developed based on a recent collection of UK data and the EPRI Database for Environmentally Assisted Cracking (EDEAC). The combined UK and EDEAC database contains a broader range of experimental conditions specific to PWRs than either database by itself. Both probabilistic and conventional crack growth rate models are developed that reduce unnecessary conservatism for medium and low sulfur PWR primary water applications and eliminate the explicit dependence on rise time that caused difficulties applying prior models.

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Lyaker, Michael R., Victor R. Davila, and Thomas J. Papadimos. "Excessive Dynamic Airway Collapse: An Unexpected Contributor to Respiratory Failure in a Surgical Patient." Case Reports in Anesthesiology 2015 (2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/596857.

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Central airway collapse plays a significant, underrecognized role in respiratory failure after extubation of critically ill patients. Historically, airway collapse has been attributed to tracheomalacia (TM), softening of the cartilage in the trachea and other large airways. More recently, excessive dynamic airway collapse (EDAC) has been described as a distinct process unrelated to a loss of cartilaginous airway support. EDAC is caused by the posterior wall of the trachea bulging forward and causing airway obstruction during exhalation. This process is exaggerated when intrathoracic pressure is increased and results in a clinical picture of coughing, difficulty clearing secretions, dyspnea, and stridor. The increased use of computerized tomography and fiberoptic bronchoscopy has identified varying degrees of EDAC and TM in both symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. This has led to renewed consideration of airway collapse and the different processes that contribute to it. Here we describe a 43-year-old morbidly obese patient who failed repeated attempts at extubation after elective hysterectomy. We will discuss the processes of EDAC and TM, describe how this condition contributed to this patient’s respiratory failure, and review diagnosis and management options.

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Campbell-Kelly, Martin. "Sir Maurice Vincent Wilkes. 26 June 1913 — 29 November 2010." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 60 (January 2014): 433–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2013.0020.

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Maurice Wilkes was head of the Mathematical Laboratory (later Computer Laboratory) at Cambridge University from 1945 until his retirement in 1980. He led the construction of the EDSAC (Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator), the world’s first practical stored-program computer, completed in May 1949. In 1951 he invented microprogramming, a fundamental technique of computer design. He subsequently led the construction of the EDSAC 2 and the Titan computers; he then established the CAP computer project, the Cambridge Digital Ring, and the Cambridge Distributed Computer System. Beyond Cambridge University, he was founding president of the British Computer Society. He was knighted in 2000 for services to computing.

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Ramalho, Ingrid da Silva, and Viviane de Melo Resende. "O caso Edvan Lima e a corporeidade de pessoas em situação de rua em casos de violência: análise de dados do Jornal Correioweb." Cadernos de Estudos Lingüísticos 60, no. 3 (September 27, 2018): 808–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/cel.v60i3.8652150.

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Este trabalho faz parte da pesquisa Representação midiática da violação de direitos e da violência contra pessoas em situação de rua no jornalismo on-line e visa investigar a representação de Edvan Lima em textos publicados no Correioweb no ano de 2013, utilizando como base teórico-metodológica a análise de discurso crítica aliada a reflexões acerca da corporeidade na contemporaneidade. O recorte escolhido justifica-se por textos acerca do caso de Edvan Lima apresentarem características discursivas bem particulares, se comparadas às outras notícias e reportagens do corpus de 166 textos do Correioweb analisados na primeira fase da mesma pesquisa de que este artigo é recorte.

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Signorini, M., C. Ferrari, E. Mariotti, F. Dallocchio, and C. M. Bergamini. "Inactivation of skeletal-muscle UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase by reaction with carboxylate-directed reagents." Biochemical Journal 264, no. 3 (December 15, 1989): 799–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2640799.

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Skeletal-muscle UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase is inactivated by reaction with 2-ethoxy-N-(ethoxy-carbonyl)-1,2-dihydroquinoline (EEDQ) and 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl-3-ethylcarbodi-imide (EDAC), two reagents specific for carboxylate groups. The former reagent is a more effective inactivator than EDAC. Although no evidence of reversible enzyme-reagent complexes of the affinity-labelling type was obtained by kinetic analysis of the inactivation, the selective protection of UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase activity against inactivation by EEDQ in the presence of uridine substrates is indicative of an active-site-directed effect. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that EEDQ modifies a single carboxylate group located in a hydrophobic domain close to the substrate-binding site, leading to enzyme inactivation. In contrast, the reaction between UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase and EDAC appears to involve a different region of the enzyme.

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Wilkes, Maurice V. "Computers before silicon: design decisions on Edsac." IEE Review 36, no. 11 (1990): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ir:19900181.

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Manjila, Sunil, Timothy Bazil, Matthew Thomas, Sunithi Mani, Matthew Kay, and Unni Udayasankar. "A review of extraaxial developmental venous anomalies of the brain involving dural venous flow or sinuses: persistent embryonic sinuses, sinus pericranii, venous varices or aneurysmal malformations, and enlarged emissary veins." Neurosurgical Focus 45, no. 1 (July 2018): E9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2018.5.focus18107.

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This paper is a narrative review of extraaxial developmental venous anomalies (eDVAs) of the brain involving dural venous flow or sinuses: persistent embryonic sinuses, sinus pericranii, enlarged emissary veins, and venous varices or aneurysmal malformations. The article highlights the natural history, anatomy, embryology, imaging, clinical implications, and neurosurgical significance of these lesions, which the authors believe represent a continuum, with different entities characterized by distinct embryopathologic features. The indications and surgical management options are discussed for these individual intracranial pathologies with relevant illustrations, and a novel classification is proposed for persistent falcine sinus (PFS). The role of neurointervention and/or microsurgery in specific cases such as sinus pericranii and enlarged emissary veins of the skull is highlighted.A better understanding of the pathophysiology and developmental anatomy of these lesions can reduce treatment morbidity and mortality. Some patients, including those with vein of Galen malformations (VOGMs), can present with the added systemic morbidity of a high-output cardiac failure. Although VOGM is the most studied and classified of the above-mentioned eDVAs, the authors believe that grouping the former with the other venous anomalies/abnormalities listed above would enable the clinician to convey the exact morphophysiological configuration of these lesions, predict their natural history with respect to evolving venous hypertension or stroke, and extrapolate invaluable insights from VOGM treatment to the treatment of other eDVAs. In recent years, many of these symptomatic venous malformations have been treated with endovascular interventions, although these techniques are still being refined. The authors highlight the broad concept of eDVAs and hope that this work will serve as a basis for future studies investigating the role of evolving focal venous hypertension/global intracranial hypertension and possibilities of fetal surgical intervention in these cases.

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Hartley, D. "EDSAC at 60--A Celebration of 60 Years Since the First Program Ran on the EDSAC at Cambridge." Computer Journal 54, no. 1 (December 16, 2009): 136–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxp114.

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Anarella, Joseph P., Victoria L. Wagner, Susan G. McCauley, Jennifer B. Mane, and Patricia A. Waniewski. "Eliminating Disparities in Asthma Care: Identifying Broad Challenges in Quality Improvement." American Journal of Medical Quality 32, no. 6 (December 17, 2016): 598–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1062860616682587.

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Racial disparities in asthma care persist in New York State’s Medicaid Program. African Americans with asthma experience higher rates of emergency department visits and inpatient hospitalizations, coupled with lower rates of long-term control medication use compared to other racial/ethnic groups. Within this context, and with funding from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the New York State Department of Health designed and implemented the Eliminating Disparities in Asthma Care (EDAC) Collaborative to improve the quality of asthma care delivered in 7 provider sites located in Central Brooklyn, New York. EDAC was a partnership of the New York State Medicaid and Asthma Control Programs, 6 New York City–based managed care plans, and community-based health care providers. Over the 5-year funding period, improvements in documented asthma severity diagnosis and control classification were observed. This article describes the EDAC approach, successes, and challenges.

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Marques, Andre Augusto Franco, Melissa Andréia Marchesan, Celso Bernardo de Sousa-Filho, Yara Teresinha Correa Silva-Sousa, Manoel D. Sousa-Neto, and Antonio Miranda da Cruz-Filho. "Smear layer removal and chelated calcium ion quantification of three irrigating solutions." Brazilian Dental Journal 17, no. 4 (2006): 306–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402006000400008.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate, by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), smear layer removal and quantify, by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, the amount of calcium ion present in the chelating solutions after their use. Sixteen extracted canines were instrumented using the step-back technique and were assigned to 3 groups according to the irrigating solution used: G1: 1 mL 17% EDTAC between each file; G2: 1 mL 17% CDTA; G3: 1 mL 17% EGTA. The solutions were collected after use. The teeth were cleaved longitudinally, evaluated under SEM and assessed for smear layer by blinded examiners and scored from 1 to 4. In order to quantify calcium ion release, the collected solutions were examined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Freidman's test was used for statistical analysis of SEM values and showed that canals irrigated with 17% EDTAC and 17% CDTA had significantly less smear layer throughout the canals than 17% EGTA (p<0.01). For analysis of the collected solutions, Tukey's test was used and showed that EDTAC and CDTA had a greater amount of calcium ions (22.8±7.54 and 60.6±20.67 µg/mL, respectively) compared to EGTA (70.5±14.2 µg/mL) (p<0.01). The association both methodologies may contribute to the understanding of how these solutions act in the root canal.

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Tausch, Hans J. "Simplified Birthday Statistics and Hamming EDAC." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 56, no. 2 (April 2009): 474–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tns.2009.2012710.

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Shirvani, P. P., N. R. Saxena, and E. J. McCluskey. "Software-implemented EDAC protection against SEUs." IEEE Transactions on Reliability 49, no. 3 (2000): 273–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/24.914544.

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Plant, A. R., R. M. Clemens, H. W. Morgan, and R. M. Daniel. "Active-site- and substrate-specificity of Thermoanaerobium Tok6-B1 pullulanase." Biochemical Journal 246, no. 2 (September 1, 1987): 537–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2460537.

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Thermoanaerobium Tok6-B1 pullulanase (EC 3.2.1.41) was active on alpha 1-6-glucosidic linkages of pullulan, amylopectin and glycogen and the alpha 1-4 linkages of amylose, amylopectin and glycogen but not of pullulan. Hydrolysis of short-chain-length malto-oligosaccharides (seven or fewer glucose residues) yielded maltose as product. Pullulan hydrolysis was pH-dependent and a plot of log(V/Km) versus pH implied a carboxy group with pKa 4.3 at the active site. Modification with 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodi-imide (EDAC) confirmed this view, and analysis of the order of reaction and inactivation kinetics suggested the presence of a single carboxy group at a catalytic centre of the active site. EDAC-mediated inhibition of pullulan alpha 1-6-bond hydrolysis was relieved by amylose or pullulan. Similarly both pullulan and amylose protected the activity directed at alpha 1-4 bonds of amylose from EDAC inhibition. When both amylose and pullulan were simultaneously present, the observed rate of product formation closely fitted a kinetic model in which both substrates were hydrolysed at the same active site.

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Tripathi, Manjul, Rama Chandra Deo, Natesan Damodaran, Ashish Suri, Vinkle Srivastav, Britty Baby, Ramandeep Singh, et al. "Quantitative Analysis of Variable Extent of Anterior Clinoidectomy With Intradural and Extradural Approaches." Operative Neurosurgery 11, no. 1 (January 12, 2015): 147–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/neu.0000000000000599.

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Abstract BACKGROUND Drilling of the anterior clinoid process (ACP) is an integral component of surgical approaches for central and paracentral skull base lesions. The technique to drill ACP has evolved from pure intradural to extradural and combined techniques. OBJECTIVE To describe the computerized morphometric evaluation of exposure of optic nerve and internal carotid artery with proposed tailored intradural (IDAC) and complete extradural (EDAC) anterior clinoidectomy. METHODS We describe a morphometric subdivision of ACP into 4 quadrangles and 1 triangle on the basis of fixed bony landmarks. Computerized volumetric analysis with 3-dimensional laser scanning of dry-drilled bones for respective tailored IDAC and EDAC was performed. Both approaches were compared for the area and length of the optic nerve and internal carotid artery. Five cadaver heads were dissected on alternate sides with intradural and extradural techniques to evaluate exposure, surgical freedom, and angulation of approach. RESULTS Complete anterior clinoidectomy provides a 2.5-times larger area and 2.7-times larger volume of ACP. Complete clinoidectomy deroofed the optic nerve to an equal extent as by proposed the partial tailored clinoidectomy approach. Tailored IDAC exposes only the distal dural ring, whereas complete EDAC exposes both the proximal and distal dural rings with complete exposure of the carotid cave. CONCLUSION Quantitative comparative evaluation provides details of exposure and surgical ease with both techniques. We promote hybrid/EDAC technique for vascular pathologies because of better anatomic orientation. Extradural clinoidectomy is the preferred technique for midline cranial neoplasia. An awareness of different variations of clinoidectomy can prevent dependency on any particular approach and facilitate flexibility.

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Wang, Chin-Chou, Chia-Cheng Tseng, Chang-Chun Hsiao, Huang-Chih Chang, Li-Teh Chang, Wen-Feng Fang, Steve Leu, et al. "Circulating Endothelial-Derived Activated Microparticle: A Useful Biomarker for Predicting One-Year Mortality in Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/173401.

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Background. This study tested the hypothesis that circulating microparticles (MPs) are useful biomarkers for predicting one-year mortality in patients with end-stage non-small cell lung cancer (ES-NSCLC).Methods and Results. One hundred seven patients were prospectively enrolled into the study between April 2011 and February 2012, and each patient received regular follow-up after enrollment. Levels of four MPs in circulation, (1) platelet-derived activated MPs (PDAc-MPs), (2) platelet-derived apoptotic MPs (PDAp-MPs), (3) endothelial-derived activated MPs (EDAc-MPs), and (4) endothelial-derived apoptotic MPs (EDAp-MPs), were measured just after the patient was enrolled into the study using flow cytometry. Patients who survived for more than one year were categorized into group 1(n=56)(one-year survivors) and patients who survived less than one year were categorized into group 2(n=51)(one-year nonsurvivors). Male gender, incidence of liver metastasis, progression of disease after first-line treatment, poor performance status, and the Charlson comorbidity index were significantly higher in group 2 than in group 1 (allP<0.05). Additionally, as measured by flow cytometry, only the circulating level of EDAc-MPs was found to be significantly higher in group 2 than in group 1(P=0.006). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that circulating level of EDAc-MPs along with brain metastasis and male gender significantly and independently predictive of one-year mortality (allP<0.035).Conclusion. Circulating EDAc-MPs may be a useful biomarker predictive of one-year morality in ES-NSCLC patients.

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Anikeeva, Tatiana Petrovna, and Evgeny Ignat'evich Volchanskiy. "Preclinical diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes." Diabetes mellitus 14, no. 2 (June 15, 2011): 78–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/2072-0351-5640.

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Aim. To evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of hemodynamic characteristics and endothelial function (EF), viz. endothelium-dependent vasodilation (EDVD) and vasoconstriction (EDVC), during development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Materials and methods. A total of 155 children and adolescents aged 9-17 years (residents of Volgograd) with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) from 1 to 14 years in duration were examined at the Endocrinological Department of the Regional Childrens Clinical Hospital. The patients were divided into 3 groups depending on DM1 duration. EF and arteriolar tone (AT) were determined by the rheovasographic method. AT was calculated from vascular distension by a pulse wave based on tetrapolar rheovasography of the shoulder and its first derivative. Rheograms were registered using the Valenta software-hardware system. EF was evaluated in a reactive (working) hyperemia test with occlusion of blood vessels in the arm for 4 min followed by decompression; these procedures resulted in an abrupt acceleration of blood flow and endothelium response to shear stress by EDVD. EDVC was determined by occlusion of blood flow in the wrist area that caused its steady decline in the brachial artery and a decrease of its diameter suggesting enhanced vascular tone. Rheovasography was performed during occlusion. Results. Children with DM1 showed enhanced EDVC and impaired EDVD diagnosed before manifestation of microalbuminurea (MAU) characteristic of early DM1. Conclusion. Changes of EF determined from AT, EDVD and EDVC in children with DM1 before manifestation of microalbuminurea make it possible to identify patients at risk of vascular complications.

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WILLIAMS, M. R. "Events Surrounding EDSAC: Memoirs of a Computer Pioneer." Science 233, no. 4763 (August 1, 1986): 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.233.4763.583.

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Hao, Li, Lixin Yu, Heping Peng, and Wei Zhuang. "Low cost design of microprocessor EDAC circuit." Journal of Semiconductors 36, no. 11 (November 2015): 115005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-4926/36/11/115005.

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Hillier, Caleb, and Vipin Balyan. "Error Detection and Correction On-Board Nanosatellites Using Hamming Codes." Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2019 (February 10, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3905094.

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The field of nanosatellites is constantly evolving and growing at a very fast speed. This creates a growing demand for more advanced and reliable EDAC systems that are capable of protecting all memory aspects of satellites. The Hamming code was identified as a suitable EDAC scheme for the prevention of single event effects on-board a nanosatellite in LEO. In this paper, three variations of Hamming codes are tested both in Matlab and VHDL. The most effective version was Hamming [16, 11, 4]2. This code guarantees single-error correction and double-error detection. All developed Hamming codes are suited for FPGA implementation, for which they are tested thoroughly using simulation software and optimized.

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Yamamoto, Sayaka, Yuta Yako, Yoichiro Fujioka, Mihoko Kajita, Takeshi Kameyama, Shunsuke Kon, Susumu Ishikawa, et al. "A role of the sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)–S1P receptor 2 pathway in epithelial defense against cancer (EDAC)." Molecular Biology of the Cell 27, no. 3 (February 2016): 491–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e15-03-0161.

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At the initial step of carcinogenesis, transformation occurs in single cells within epithelia, where the newly emerging transformed cells are surrounded by normal epithelial cells. A recent study revealed that normal epithelial cells have an ability to sense and actively eliminate the neighboring transformed cells, a process named epithelial defense against cancer (EDAC). However, the molecular mechanism of this tumor-suppressive activity is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated a role for the sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)–S1P receptor 2 (S1PR2) pathway in EDAC. First, we show that addition of the S1PR2 inhibitor significantly suppresses apical extrusion of RasV12-transformed cells that are surrounded by normal cells. In addition, knockdown of S1PR2 in normal cells induces the same effect, indicating that S1PR2 in the surrounding normal cells plays a positive role in the apical elimination of the transformed cells. Of importance, not endogenous S1P but exogenous S1P is involved in this process. By using FRET analyses, we demonstrate that S1PR2 mediates Rho activation in normal cells neighboring RasV12-transformed cells, thereby promoting accumulation of filamin, a crucial regulator of EDAC. Collectively these data indicate that S1P is a key extrinsic factor that affects the outcome of cell competition between normal and transformed epithelial cells.

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Segers, Tim, Marco C. Stehouwer, Filip M. J. J. de Somer, Bastian A. de Mol, and Michel Versluis. "Optical verification and in-vitro characterization of two commercially available acoustic bubble counters for cardiopulmonary bypass systems." Perfusion 33, no. 1 (August 2, 2017): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267659117722595.

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Introduction: Gaseous microemboli (GME) introduced during cardiac surgery are considered as a potential source of morbidity, which has driven the development of the first bubble counters. Two new generation bubble counters, introduced in the early 2000s, claim correct sizing and counting of GME. This in-vitro study aims to validate the accuracy of two bubble counters using monodisperse bubbles in a highly controlled setting at low GME concentrations. Methods: Monodisperse GME with a radius of 43 µm were produced in a microfluidic chip. Directly after their formation, they were injected one-by-one into the BCC200 and the EDAC sensors. GME size and count, measured with the bubble counters, were optically verified using high-speed imaging. Results: During best-case scenarios or low GME concentrations of GME with a size of 43 µm in radius in an in-vitro setup, the BCC200 overestimates GME size by a factor of 2 to 3 while the EDAC underestimates the average GME size by at least a factor of two. The BCC200 overestimates the GME concentration by approximately 20% while the EDAC overestimates the concentration by nearly one order of magnitude. Nevertheless, the calculated total GME volume is only over-predicted by a factor 2 since the EDAC underestimates the actual GME size. For the BCC200, the total GME volume was over-predicted by 25 times due to the over-estimation of GME size. Conclusions: The measured errors in the absolute sizing/counting of GME do not imply that all results obtained using the bubble counters are insignificant or invalid. A relative change in bubble size or bubble concentration can accurately be measured. However, care must be taken in the interpretation of the results and their absolute values. Moreover, the devices cannot be used interchangeably when reporting GME activity. Nevertheless, both devices can be used to study the relative air removal characteristics of CPB components or for the quantitative monitoring of GME production during CPB interventions.

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Bhardwaj, Madhvi, Harsha Sharma, Satya Paul, and James H. Clark. "Fe3O4@SiO2/EDAC–Pd(0) as a novel and efficient inorganic/organic magnetic composite: sustainable catalyst for the benzylic C–H bond oxidation and reductive amination under mild conditions." New Journal of Chemistry 40, no. 6 (2016): 4952–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5nj03413b.

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Magnetically recyclable ethylene diamine functionalized inorganic/organic composite, Fe₃O₄@SiO₂/EDAC–Pd(0) for selective C–H bond oxidation and reductive amination under sustainable reaction media.

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Journal articles on the topic 'EDVAC'

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