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Journal articles on the topic "EEG in word production"
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Fargier, Raphaël, Audrey Bürki, Svetlana Pinet, F. Xavier Alario, and Marina Laganaro. "Word onset phonetic properties and motor artifacts in speech production EEG recordings." Psychophysiology 55, no. 2 (2017): e12982. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/psyp.12982.
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Verdonschot, Rinus G., Shingo Tokimoto, and Yayoi Miyaoka. "The fundamental phonological unit of Japanese word production: An EEG study using the picture-word interference paradigm." Journal of Neurolinguistics 51 (August 2019): 184–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroling.2019.02.004.
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Anders, Royce, Anaïs Llorens, Anne-Sophie Dubarry, Agnès Trébuchon, Catherine Liégeois-Chauvel, and F. Xavier Alario. "Cortical Dynamics of Semantic Priming and Interference during Word Production: An Intracerebral Study." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 31, no. 7 (2019): 978–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01406.
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Language production requires that semantic representations are mapped to lexical representations on the basis of the ongoing context to select the appropriate words. This mapping is thought to generate two opposing phenomena, “semantic priming,” where multiple word candidates are activated, and “interference,” where these word activities are differentiated to make a goal-relevant selection. In previous neuroimaging and neurophysiological research, priming and interference have been associated to activity in regions of a left frontotemporal network. Most of such studies relied on recordings that either have high temporal or high spatial resolution, but not both. Here, we employed intracerebral EEG techniques to explore with both high resolutions, the neural activity associated with these phenomena. The data came from nine epileptic patients who were stereotactically implanted for presurgical diagnostics. They performed a cyclic picture-naming task contrasting semantically homogeneous and heterogeneous contexts. Of the 84 brain regions sampled, 39 showed task-evoked activity that was significant and consistent across two patients or more. In nine of these regions, activity was significantly modulated by the semantic manipulation. It was reduced for semantically homogeneous contexts (i.e., priming) in eight of these regions, located in the temporal ventral pathway as well as frontal areas. Conversely, it was increased only in the pre-SMA, notably at an early poststimulus temporal window (200–300 msec) and a preresponse temporal window (700–800 msec). These temporal effects respectively suggest the pre-SMA's role in initial conflict detection (e.g., increased response caution) and in preresponse control. Such roles of the pre-SMA are traditional from a history of neural evidence in simple perceptual tasks, yet are also consistent with recent cognitive lexicosemantic theories that highlight top–down processes in language production. Finally, although no significant semantic modulation was found in the ACC, future intracerebral EEG work should continue to inspect ACC with the pre-SMA.
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JARMULOWICZ, LINDA, VALENTINA L. TARAN, and SARAH E. HAY. "Lexical frequency and third-graders' stress accuracy in derived English word production." Applied Psycholinguistics 29, no. 2 (2008): 213–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716407080101.
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ABSTRACTThis study examined the effects of lexical frequency on children's production of accurate primary stress in words derived with nonneutral English suffixes. Forty-four third-grade children participated in an elicited derived word task in which they produced high-frequency, low-frequency, and nonsense-derived words with stress-changing suffixes (i.e., -tion, -ic, -ity). Derived word frequency affected stress production accuracy; however, the individual suffix also played an important role in stress placement, with -tion productions more accurate than either -ic or -ity productions. For the real words, derived word frequency relative to stem frequency was related to performance. Stress was less accurate on derived words that were much lower in frequency than their stems (e.g., tranquil/tranquility) and more accurate on derived words that approximated or exceeded their stem frequency (e.g., motivate/motivation). In addition to derived word and stem frequency, results are discussed with reference to several phonological characteristics that may also influence stress production accuracy.
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Laganaro, Marina. "Inter-study and inter-Individual Consistency and Variability of EEG/ERP Microstate Sequences in Referential Word Production." Brain Topography 30, no. 6 (2017): 785–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10548-017-0580-0.
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Weingarten, Rüdiger. "Subsyllabic units in written word production." Written Language and Literacy 8, no. 1 (2005): 43–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/wll.8.1.03wei.
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In previous studies we have found that the writing of words (typing) is made up of a highly structured time course. Words are written using a course of accelerations and decelerations at certain points within the words. These points correlate highly with the syllabic word structure and also with the morphological structure. At the beginning of these subword units we find significantly higher latencies than within units. We therefore assume that written word production starts with a frame of the whole word, certain subword frames (according to the syllabic and morphological structure) and subsequent filling of the frames with segmental information. So the segmental information is not completely available at the beginning of a word or syllable but is delivered during motor execution. In the present study we try to find out if there are also subsyllabic units that are produced in a frame and content mode. As a candidate for such a unit we choose polygraphemes (e.g. in engl.in “think”, in germanin “schon”). If they are produced in this way we expect an increased delay at their onset and an accelaration within the unit. The results suggest that because of their grapho-phonological structure some types of complex graphemes are produced in a frame and content mode.
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Aoyama, Katsura, and Barbara L. Davis. "Relationship between the target word form and children’s productions: place of articulation in Consonant-Vowel-Consonant (C1VC2) words in American English." Phonetica 78, no. 1 (2021): 65–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phon-2019-0061.
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Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate relationships between characteristics of children’s target words and their actual productions during the single-word period in American English. Word productions in spontaneous and functional speech from 18 children acquiring American English were analyzed. Consonant sequences in 3,328 consonant-vowel-consonant (C1VC2) target words were analyzed in terms of global place of articulation (labials, coronals, and dorsals). Children’s actual productions of place sequences were compared between target words containing repeated place sequences (e.g., mom, map, dad, not) and target words containing variegated place sequences (e.g., mat, dog, cat, nap). Overall, when the target word contained two consonants at the same global place of articulation (e.g., labial-labial, map; coronal-coronal, not), approximately 50% of children’s actual productions matched consonant place characteristics. Conversely, when the target word consisted of variegated place sequences (e.g., mat, dog, cat, nap), only about 20% of the productions matched the target consonant sequences. These results suggest that children’s actual productions are influenced by their own production abilities as well as by the phonetic forms of target words.
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Jones, Samuel David. "Accuracy and variability in early spontaneous word production: The effects of age, frequency and neighbourhood density." First Language 40, no. 2 (2019): 128–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142723719894768.
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High rates of error and variability in early word production may signal speech sound disorder. However, there is little consensus regarding the degree of error and variability that may be expected in the typical range. Relatedly, while variables including child age, word frequency and word phonological neighbourhood density are associated with variance in word production accuracy and variability, such effects remain under-examined in spontaneous speech. This study measured the accuracy and variability of 234,551 spontaneous word productions from five typically developing children in the Providence corpus (0;11–4;0). Using Bayesian regression, accuracy and variability rates were predicted by age, input frequency, phonological neighbourhood density, and interactions between these variables. Between 61% and 72% of word productions were both inaccurate and variable according to strict criteria. However loosening these criteria to accommodate production inconsistencies unlikely to be considered erroneous (e.g. the target /æləɡeɪtəɹ/ pronounced /ælɪɡeɪtəɹ/) reduced this figure to between 10% and 17%, with the majority of word productions then classed as accurate and stable (48%–58%). In addition, accuracy was higher and variability was lower in later months of sampling, and for high frequency words and high density words. The author discusses the implications of these results for future research and the differential diagnosis of speech sound disorder, and presents an explanatory account of findings emphasizing the development of oral-motor skills and increasingly detailed phonological word representations.
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Aristei, Sabrina, Alissa Melinger, and Rasha Abdel Rahman. "Electrophysiological Chronometry of Semantic Context Effects in Language Production." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 23, no. 7 (2011): 1567–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2010.21474.
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In this study, we investigated semantic context effects in language production with event-related brain potentials, extracted from the ongoing EEG recorded during overt speech production. We combined the picture–word interference paradigm and the semantic blocking paradigm to investigate the temporal dynamics and functional loci of semantic facilitation and interference effects. Objects were named in the context of semantically homogeneous blocks consisting of related objects and heterogeneous blocks consisting of unrelated objects. In each blocking condition, semantically related and unrelated distractor words were presented. Results show that classic patterns of semantically induced facilitation and interference effects in RTs can be directly related to ERP modulations located at temporal and frontal sites, starting at about 200 msec. Results also suggest that the processes associated with semantic facilitation and interference effects (i.e., conceptual and lexical processing) are highly interactive and coincide in time. Implications for the use of event-related brain potentials in speech production research and implications for current models of speech production are discussed.
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FESTMAN, JULIA, and HARALD CLAHSEN. "How Germans prepare for the English past tense: Silent production of inflected words during EEG." Applied Psycholinguistics 37, no. 2 (2015): 487–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716415000089.
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ABSTRACTProcesses involved in late bilinguals’ production of morphologically complex words were studied using an event-related brain potentials (ERP) paradigm in which EEGs were recorded during participants’ silent productions of English past- and present-tense forms. Twenty-three advanced second language speakers of English (first language [L1] German) were compared to a control group of 19 L1 English speakers from an earlier study. We found a frontocentral negativity for regular relative to irregular past-tense forms (e.g., asked vs. held) during (silent) production, and no difference for the present-tense condition (e.g., asks vs. holds), replicating the ERP effect obtained for the L1 group. This ERP effect suggests that combinatorial processing is involved in producing regular past-tense forms, in both late bilinguals and L1 speakers. We also suggest that this paradigm is a useful tool for future studies of online language production.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "EEG in word production"
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Shen, Weilin. "Role of stress pattern in production and processing of compound words and phrases in Mandarin Chinese." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA05H108/document.
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La présente thèse étudie le rôle de l'accent prosodique (accent de mot vs. accent de syntagme) lors du traitement auditif de paires minimales ambigües (mots composés vs. syntagmes) du chinois mandarin. Deux types de paires minimales ont été utilisés: 1) Mots composés avec un ton neutre (ex: dong3xi0 « chose ») vs. Syntagme avec un ton plein (ex: dong3xi1 « est et ouest ») qui se distinguent par la réalisation du ton sur la syllabe finale ; 2) Mots composés Verbe-Nom (VN) (ex: 'chaofan « riz frit ») vs. Syntagmes Verbe-Objet (VO) (ex: chao'fan « frire du riz ») se distinguant par la position de l'accent prosodique. Nos données comportementales et neurophysiologiques démontrent que : 1) la syllabe finale est plus longue et l'étendue de la F0 est plus large dans les VO que dans les VN, 2) la prosodie assiste le système de traitement pour anticiper la structure morphologique des séquences ambigües, et 3) un traitement hiérarchique « de droite-à-gauche » des informations prosodiques en complément d'un traitement séquentiel « de gauche-à-droite » prend place en chinois mandarin. Prises dans leur ensemble, nos données précisent la description fonctionnelle et structurale du modèle Prosody-Assisted-Processing (PAP) pour le chinois mandarin<br>The present thesis investigates the role of prosodic stress (i.e. lexical versus phrasal stress) on the auditory processing of Mandarin Chinese ambiguous compound /phrase minimal pairs. Two types of compound/phrase minimal pairs were used: 1) Compound word with a neutral tone (e.g. dong3xi0 "thing") vs. phrase with a full tone (e.g. dong3xi1 "east and west") distinguished by the final syllable tone realization; 2) Verb-Noun (VN) compound word (e.g. 'chaofan "fried rice") and Verb-Object (VO) phrase (e.g. chao'fan "fry the rice") distinguished by the position of the prosodic stress. Combined behavioral and neurophysiological data demonstrate that 1) the final syllable was more lengthened and the F0 range was larger in VO than in VN, 2) prosodic structure does assist the processing system in anticipating morphological structure, and 3) a right-to-left hierarchical processing of prosodic information in addition to a sequential left-to-right one is involved during the processing of ambiguous spoken sequences in Mandarin Chinese. Taken together, our findings allowed us to precise the functional and structural description of the Prosody-Assisted-Processing (PAP) model for Mandarin Chinese
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Sweeny, Joshua. "Associations between worm egg count and production in Dorper sheep." Thesis, Sweeny, Joshua (2008) Associations between worm egg count and production in Dorper sheep. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2008. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/13509/.
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With changes to the Australian sheep industry, breeds that have a meat emphasis are becoming increasingly adopted by farmers. One such breed is the Dorper sheep, which was used in this study to investigate the relationship between worm egg count and production attributes. Gastrointestinal worm burden was measured by worm egg counts (WECs) and production attributes that were examined included liveweight, body condition score (BCS), c-site fat depth and eye muscle depth. Two flocks of Dorper lambs (two-hundred and eighty nine Dorper ewe lambs, and two-hundred and thirty four entire Dorper ram lambs), were weaned onto two separate paddocks for grazing and natural worm challenge on a Kojonup property. At post weaning (approximately 10 months of age), each flock had their production attributes measured, along with individual WECs. Each flock was drenched at weaning and not drenched again until after individual WECs were measured. The measured flock WEC frequency distribution reinforced the concept that high flock WECs are influenced by a small percentage of the sheep within the flock and that Dorper sheep are similar to other breeds with respect to parasite population dynamics.
The relationships found between WEC and production attributes of both liveweight and eye muscle depth were positive, contradicting the hypothesis of that a negative relationship exists between WEC and production in the Dorper. Although this relationship between WEC and liveweight was weak and unexpected, the relationship was still significant (P<0.05). With an increasing WEC, BCS fell by 56.6% and 37.7% of average ram BCSs in twin and single born rams respectively (P<0.05), while an 18.6% decrease of average ewe BCS was observed in twin born ewes (P<0.05). The drop in body condition score and c-site fat depth may have contributed to overall leaner and lighter carcases (particularly in the ram flock). Given that the liveweights were actually higher in these same animals, this suggests a reduced dressing percentage due to increased non-carcase components, possibly gastrointestinal tissue mass.
With increasing WEC the association of liveweight increase and BCS decline indicated that sheep with a higher worm burden may have heavier intestines, when compared to sheep with a low worm challenge. By using liveweight change to assess GIN impact on productivity, production losses linked to gastrointestinal parasite infection may be underestimated. Instead of using liveweight change in assessing the effect of a worm challenge, measurements of the carcass yield may be a more reliable measure in revealing the real economic impact of gastrointestinal worms on sheep meat production systems.
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Elizabeth, Cook. "Capacity Demands of Word Production." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.487484.
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In the speech production literatUre, it is often assumed that only conceptualisation and selfmonitoring, but not lexical retrieval require cognitive capacity (e.g., Levelt, 1989, Speaking). However, using a dual-task paradigm (picture-word interference task and a tone discrimination task) Ferreira and Pashler (2002, JEP:LMC) showed that lexical selection but not phonological encoding required capacity. This thesis reports a series of related experiments. The time required for lexical selection and phonological encoding was varied by combining the pictures with semantically or phonologically related or unrelated distractors. The distractors were words or pictures, and they were clearly visible or masked. The results did not support Ferreira and Pashler's conclusion that lexical selection and phonological encoding differed in capacity demands, but instead suggested that either both of these processes require capacity or that they are both equally automatic. In addition, they confirmed that self-monitoring requires capacity. Finally, they demonstrated that the relatedness between a target word and a distractor can have opposing effects on phonological encoding and self-monitoring, and, in a dual task paradigm, on the latencies to perform a primary and secondary task. This complicates the interpretation of the results of dual-task studies, which is an important conclusion for methodological reasons.
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Wheeldon, Linda Ruth. "Priming of spoken word production." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315987.
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Eaton, Emma. "Patterns of word and non-word production in jargon aphasia." Thesis, City University London, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.435046.
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Hirsh, Katherine Woodburn. "Word production and comprehenshion in aphasia." Thesis, University of York, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306276.
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Niefind, Florian. "Brain-electric correlates of visual word recognition under natural reading conditions." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17494.
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Diese vorliegende Dissertation nutzt Koregistrierung von EEG und Eye-Tracking um neuronale Korrelate der Wortverarbeitung beim natürlichen Lesen zu untersuchen. EKP-Forschung hat unser Verständnis der Wortverarbeitung stark geprägt. Jedoch wird Lesen in EKP-Experimenten üblicherweise im unnatürlichen RSVP Paradigma untersucht. Der Blickbewegungsforschung verdanken wir viele Erkenntnisse über die Koordination von Sprachverarbeitung und Blickbewegungsplanung, allerdings nur auf der Verhaltensebene. Drei Leseexperimente in dieser Arbeit untersuchten a) foveale und parafoveale Wortverarbeitung, b) Wortschwierigkeit in Form von Wortfrequenzeffekten und c) den Einfluss von Blickbewegungen. Ein viertes Experiment untersuchte die Generalisierbarkeit parafovealer Vorverarbeitungs-Effekte (Preview-Effekte), indem diese mit chinesischen Sätzen repliziert wurden. Die Ergebnisse zeigten einen reliablen Effekt parafovealer Vorverarbeitung auf neuronale Korrelate der fovealen Worterkennung in Form eines frühen Effekts auf der N1 Komponente. Interaktionen zwischen dem Preview-Effekt und Wortfrequenz zeigten Wechselwirkungen der Verarbeitung aufeinanderfolgender Worte im fovealen und parafovealen Blickfeld. Preview-Effekte waren schwächer nach Worten mit niedriger Frequenz, was zeigt, wie komplexe foveale Wortverarbeitung Resourcen für parafoveale Information bindet. Andererseits beeinflusste parafoveale Verarbeitung auch die foveale Verarbeitung: Erstens durch den oben beschriebenen Preview-Effekt, zweitens durch eine Verlangsamung der Wortverarbeitungsrate nach schweren Vorschaubedingungen. Außerdem zeigten sich foveale Wortfrequenzeffekte früher nach valider parafovealer Wortvorschau. Der Preview-Effekt war stärker, wenn Blickbewegungen ausgeführt werden mussten. Der Grund hierfür sind verdeckte Aufmerksamkeitsverschiebungen vor einer Sakkade. (EKP-)Forschung zur visuellen Wortverarbeitung sollte zukünftig Blickbewegungen und parafoveale Vorverarbeitung berücksichtigen.<br>The current dissertation uses co-registration of EEG with eye tracking to study the brain-electric correlates of word processing under natural reading circumstances. ERP research has advanced our understanding of the neuronal mechanisms of word processing greatly but traditionally used the RSVP paradigm that is not ecologically valid. Eye tracking research has greatly advanced our understanding of the coordination of linguistic processing with eye movement execution but provides only indirect insight into the actual brain processes during reading. Three reading experiments were conducted to study a) foveal and parafoveal processing, b) word processing in the form of frequency effects, and c) the impact of eye movement planning and execution on a neuronal as well as behavioral level. A fourth experiment tested the generalizability of the preview effects by replicating preview effects in Chinese sentence reading. Results show a robust effect of parafoveal preview on brain-electric correlates of foveal word recognition in the form of an early effect on the N1 component. The preview effect interacted with word frequency in different ways, revealing interactions between the processing of subsequent words in parafoveal and foveal vision. Preview effects were smaller after low frequency words, showing that parafoveal processing is reduced if foveal processing is complex. Also, parafoveal processing also affected foveal processing: Firstly, by providing preview benefit as described above and secondly, by slowing processing rates after a difficult preview (delayed POF effects). Lastly, foveal word frequency effects were found earlier if valid parafoveal preview had been provided. Preview effects were much stronger if eye movements had to be executed, which is most likely due to pre-saccadic attention shifts. Results show the shortcomings of traditional ERP studies and suggest that research on visual word recognition needs to consider eye movements and parafoveal processing.
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Rossi, Sonja. "Neuroplasticity of word learning." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/19420.
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Das Wortlernen begleitet unser Leben von der Kindheit bis ins Alter. Kleinkinder lernen ihre Muttersprache(n), aber auch Erwachsene lernen neue Wörter, z.B. beim Fremdspracherwerb. Unter gewissen Umständen muss eine neue Sprache wieder erlernen werden, wie z.B. nach einer Gehirnläsion. Wie meistert unser Gehirn diese herausfordernden Wortlernsituationen? Um die Neuroplastizität des Wortlernens zu untersuchen, wurden unterschiedliche neurowissenschaftliche Methoden (Elektroenzephalographie, funktionelle Nahinfrarotspektroskopie, voxel-basierte Läsion-Verhalten/EEG Mapping), teilweise in Kombination, bei Kleinkindern, Kindern und Erwachsenen sowie Patienten mit einer Gehirnläsion im Vergleich zu älteren Kontrollprobanden angewendet. 5 Experimente untersuchten die neuronale Verarbeitung von Pseudowörtern, welche mutter- und fremdsprachlichen phonotaktischen Regeln (d.h. die Kombination von verschiedenen Phonemen) folgten, in unterschiedlichen Lernsettings bei monolingualen Teilnehmern. Gesunde Erwachsene aber auch 6monatige und ältere Teilnehmer und Patienten konnten diese Regeln differenzieren. Beteiligte Gehirnareale umfassten ein links-hemisphärisches fronto-temporales Netzwerk. Die Verarbeitung universeller Spracheigenschaften, andererseits, zeigte sich in parietalen Regionen. Während Erwachsene eine klare Dominanz der linken Hemisphäre aufwiesen, nutzten 6monatige noch beide Gehirnhälften. Unterschiedliche Sprachtrainings (semantische Trainings oder Passives Zuhören) an drei aufeinanderfolgenden Tagen veränderten auch die Gehirnaktivität der Kleinkinder und der Erwachsenen und wiesen auf eine erhöhte Lernflexibilität hin. Im 6. Experiment lernten 5jährige bilinguale Kinder anhand pragmatischer Eigenschaften neue Adjektive und zeigten effizientere neuronale Mechanismen als Monolinguale. Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Wichtigkeit multi-methodologischer Ansätze, um genauere Einblicke in die komplexen Mechanismen der Neuroplastizität zu erlangen.<br>Word learning accompanies our everyday life from infancy to advanced age. Infants have to learn the native language(s) but also during adulthood word learning can take place, for example if we learn a new foreign language. Sometimes people are confronted with a situation in which they have to re-learn a language because of a brain lesion. How does the brain master these challenging word learning settings? To assess neuroplasticity of word learning several neuroscientific methods (electroencephalography, functional near-infrared spectroscopy, voxel-based lesion-behavior/EEG mapping), partially in combination, were used in infants, children, and adults as well as in patients suffering from a brain lesion compared to matched elderly controls. In 5 experiments neuronal processing of pseudowords corresponding to native and non-native phonotactic rules (i.e., the combination of different phonemes) was investigated under different learning conditions in monolingual participants. Healthy adults but also 6-month-old infants and elderly subjects and patients were able to differentiate these rules. Involved brain areas included a left-hemispheric network of fronto-temporal regions. When processing universal linguistic features, however, more parietal regions were involved. While adults revealed a clear left-dominant network, 6-month-olds still recruited bilateral brain areas. Differential language trainings (semantic or passive listening trainings) over three consecutive days also modulated brain activation in both infants and adults suggesting a high flexibility for learning native and non-native linguistic regularities. In a 6th experiment, bilingual 5-year-old children learned novel adjectives by means of pragmatic cues and revealed more efficient neuronal mechanisms compared to monolingual children. Findings underline the importance of multi-methodological approaches to get clearer insights into the complex machinery of neuroplasticity.
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Collins, Alan. "Processes in speech production." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253499.
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Nickels, Lyndsey. "Spoken word production and its breakdown in aphasia." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338192.
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ABSTRACT This thesis examines the processes involved in spoken word production. The disorders of naming observed in fifteen aphasic subjects are analysed in detail and the results related to current models of spoken word production. The data is used to support and refute predictions made by these models and the model is presented which best fits the patterns observed. Each of the fifteen aphasic subjects was tested using a range of tasks for assessment of both comprehension and production deficits. Their performance on a picture naming task was examined in detail. Statistical analyses were performed to study the effects of a number of variables on naming performance for the group as a whole and for individual subjects. These variables included written word frequency, familiarity, imageability, concreteness, word length (in terms of number of syllables and number of phonemes) and articulatory/ phonological complexity. Although there was no significant relationship between overall naming performance and comprehension, the production of semantic errors was significantly correlated with semantic errors in the comprehension of high imageability items. There was also found to be no relationship between the production and detection of phonological errors and input processing deficits. In contrast to many previous studies, there was not found to be a significant effect of written word frequency on picture naming for this group of aphasic subjects. However, a significant effect of familiarity was found and it is argued that this serves as a more accurate measure of spoken word frequency than the measures of written word frequency commonly used. Similarly, imageability was found to be a better measure of the influence of a semantic deficit on naming than concreteness. The majority of patients showed a significant effect of word length on the production of phonological errors and this length effect was predominantly found to be due to the number of phonemes, rather than the number of syllables, present in the word. The theoretical implications of these results are discussed.
Books on the topic "EEG in word production"
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Beenackers, A. A. C. M. and Swaaij, W. P. M. van., eds. Advanced gasification: Methanol production from wood--results of the EEC pilot programme. D. Reidel Pub. Co. for the Commission of the European Communities, 1986.
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Cashin, Margaret. Professional text production plus. Edited by Jones Diana 1942-. Pitman, 1994.
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Mitchell, William Martin. Keyboarding, a mastery approach: Information processing and document production. Advanced. 2nd ed. Science Research Associates, 1987.
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Parra, José Roberto Postali, Leandro Delalibera Geremias, Aline Bertin, Yelitza Colmenarez, and Aloisio Coelho Jr., eds. Small-scale rearing of Anagasta kuehniella for Trichogramma production. CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789248951.0000.
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Abstract This book contains 4 chapters focusing on techniques for small-scale rearing of the egg parasitoids Trichogramma spp. in the factitious host Anagasta kuehniella [Ephestia kuehniella]. These parasitoids are among the most widely used natural enemies in the world, and in Brazil are used to control lepidopteran pests in a wide variety of crops.
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Parra, José Roberto Postali, Leandro Delalibera Geremias, Aline Bertin, Yelitza Colmenarez, and Aloisio Coelho Jr., eds. Small-scale rearing of Anagasta kuehniella for Trichogramma production. CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/.0000.
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Abstract This book contains 4 chapters focusing on techniques for small-scale rearing of the egg parasitoids Trichogramma spp. in the factitious host Anagasta kuehniella [Ephestia kuehniella]. These parasitoids are among the most widely used natural enemies in the world, and in Brazil are used to control lepidopteran pests in a wide variety of crops.
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Weaving the word: The metaphorics of weaving and female textual production. Susquehanna University Press, 2001.
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Duncan, C. H. South-western college keyboarding: Document production with WordPerfect 5.1. South-western Pub. Co., 1994.
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Jonkersz, Ineke. Semantic interference and facilitation in word production: Explaining the semantic relatedness paradox. Universiteit Leiden, 2004.
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OCR text processing (business professional): Level 2. : Text production, word processing and audio transcription. Hodder Arnold, 2009.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "EEG in word production"
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Klaus, Jana, and Herbert Schriefers. "Bilingual Word Production." In The Handbook of the Neuroscience of Multilingualism. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119387725.ch10.
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Zaidel, Eran, Andrew Hill, and Scott Weems. "EEG Correlates of Hemispheric Word Recognition." In Brain Research in Language. Springer US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-74980-8_9.
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Singh, Leher. "Early Word Recognition and Word Learning in Mandarin Learning Children." In Speech Perception, Production and Acquisition. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7606-5_11.
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Hashim, Noramiza, Aziah Ali, and Wan-Noorshahida Mohd-Isa. "Word-Based Classification of Imagined Speech Using EEG." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8276-4_19.
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de Bot, Kees, and Robert Schreuder. "Word Production and the Bilingual Lexicon." In Studies in Bilingualism. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sibil.6.10bot.
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Poulos, Marios. "Towards a Semantic Calibration of Lexical Word via EEG." In IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23960-1_30.
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Roelofs, Ardi. "Storage and Computation in Spoken Word Production." In Studies in Theoretical Psycholinguistics. Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0355-1_7.
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Gagné, Christina, Thomas L. Spalding, and Alexander Taikh. "Impact of Morphology on Written Word Production." In Linguistic Morphology in the Mind and Brain. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003159759-7.
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Zhao, Bin, Gaoyan Zhang, and Jianwu Dang. "Interactions Between Modal and Amodal Semantic Areas in Spoken Word Comprehension." In Studies on Speech Production. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00126-1_18.
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Schwab, Didier, Andon Tchechmedjiev, Jérôme Goulian, and Gilles Sérasset. "Comparisons of Relatedness Measures Through a Word Sense Disambiguation Task." In Language Production, Cognition, and the Lexicon. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08043-7_13.
Full textConference papers on the topic "EEG in word production"
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Lovenia, Holy, Hiroki Tanaka, Sakriani Sakti, Ayu Purwarianti, and Satoshi Nakamura. "Speech Artifact Removal from Eeg Recordings of Spoken Word Production with Tensor Decomposition." In ICASSP 2019 - 2019 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2019.8682414.
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Aledaily, Arwa, Sofien Gannouni, Kais Belwafi, and Hatim Aboalsamh. "A Framework for Usability Testing using EEG Signals with Emotion Recognition." In Intelligent Human Systems Integration (IHSI 2022) Integrating People and Intelligent Systems. AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001049.
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The analysis of emotions has utility in several applications that cross multiple fields, including education, medicine, psychology, software engineering, accessibility in-habitation studies, healthcare, robotics, marketing, and business. Studying emotions can play an essential role in software engineering, particularly in the domain of usability testing. For example, emotions can be used to determine whether a specific software application achieves acceptable levels of user satisfaction. Furthermore, emotions can be used to test product usability and all its aspects. Emotion detection in usability testing is a first-of-its-kind tool that has the potential to improve software production (designing and interaction), thus enabling the ongoing revolution in software development to continue onwards. This work aims to build an original framework for emotion detection using electroencephalography (EEG) brain signals, which is then applied in usability testing as a case study. This will create opportunities to gain an in-depth understanding of user satisfaction in a precise and accurate way, especially when compared to traditional approaches.
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Dong, Weiwei, Panpan Wang, Yazhou Zhang, Tianshu Wang, Jiabin Niu, and Shengnan Zhang. "EEG-based Emotion Word Recognition." In 2018 International Conference on Advanced Control, Automation and Artificial Intelligence (ACAAI 2018). Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/acaai-18.2018.28.
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Halle, P. A., and B. de Boysson-Bardies. "Word recognition before production of first words?" In 2nd International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP 1992). ISCA, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/icslp.1992-90.
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"Word Segmentation of Hand Written English Text for Improvement of Word Spotting Results." In International Conference on Image Processing, Production and Computer Science. Universal Researchers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.17758/ur.u0316015.
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Choi, Woosu, Jongin Kim, and Boreom Lee. "EEG classification of word perception using common spatial pattern filter." In 2015 3rd International Winter Conference on Brain-Computer Interface (BCI). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iww-bci.2015.7073032.
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Hema, H. C. R., Leong Shi Wei, and E. S. M. Tan. "EEG signal recognition for brain word interface using wavelet decomposition." In its Applications (CSPA). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cspa.2010.5545306.
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Mugler, Emily M., Matthew Goldrick, and Marc W. Slutzky. "Cortical encoding of phonemic context during word production." In 2014 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2014.6945187.
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La Cruz, Javier De, and Kiran George. "Acute Stress Analysis Resulting from Word Construction Using EEG and fNIRS." In 2022 IEEE 13th Annual Ubiquitous Computing, Electronics & Mobile Communication Conference (UEMCON). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/uemcon54665.2022.9965628.
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Perera, Harshani, Mohd Fairuz Shiratuddin, Kok Wai Wong, and Kelly Fullarton. "EEG Signal Analysis of Real-Word Reading and Nonsense-Word Reading between Adults with Dyslexia and without Dyslexia." In 2017 IEEE 30th International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (CBMS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cbms.2017.108.
Full textReports on the topic "EEG in word production"
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Pinkerton, Susan. The assessment of phonological processes : a comparison of connected-speech samples and single-word production tests. Portland State University Library, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.6074.
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Tuller, Markus, Asher Bar-Tal, Hadar Heller, and Michal Amichai. Optimization of advanced greenhouse substrates based on physicochemical characterization, numerical simulations, and tomato growth experiments. United States Department of Agriculture, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7600009.bard.
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Over the last decade there has been a dramatic shift in global agricultural practice. The increase in human population, especially in underdeveloped arid and semiarid regions of the world, poses unprecedented challenges to production of an adequate and economically feasible food supply to undernourished populations. Furthermore, the increased living standard in many industrial countries has created a strong demand for high-quality, out-of-season vegetables and fruits as well as for ornamentals such as cut and potted flowers and bedding plants. As a response to these imminent challenges and demands and because of a ban on methyl bromide fumigation of horticultural field soils, soilless greenhouse production systems are regaining increased worldwide attention. Though there is considerable recent empirical and theoretical research devoted to specific issues related to control and management of soilless culture production systems, a comprehensive approach that quantitatively considers all relevant physicochemical processes within the growth substrates is lacking. Moreover, it is common practice to treat soilless growth systems as static, ignoring dynamic changes of important physicochemical and hydraulic properties due to root and microbial growth that require adaptation of management practices throughout the growth period. To overcome these shortcomings, the objectives of this project were to apply thorough physicochemical characterization of commonly used greenhouse substrates in conjunction with state-of-the-art numerical modeling (HYDRUS-3D, PARSWMS) to not only optimize management practices (i.e., irrigation frequency and rates, fertigation, container size and geometry, etc.), but to also “engineer” optimal substrates by mixing organic (e.g., coconut coir) and inorganic (e.g., perlite, pumice, etc.) base substrates and modifying relevant parameters such as the particle (aggregate) size distribution. To evaluate the proposed approach under commercial production conditions, characterization and modeling efforts were accompanied by greenhouse experiments with tomatoes. The project not only yielded novel insights regarding favorable physicochemical properties of advanced greenhouse substrates, but also provided critically needed tools for control and management of containerized soilless production systems to provide a stress-free rhizosphere environment for optimal yields, while conserving valuable production resources. Numerical modeling results provided a more scientifically sound basis for the design of commercial greenhouse production trials and selection of adequate plant-specific substrates, thereby alleviating the risk of costly mistrials.
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Quak, Evert-jan. The Link Between Demography and Labour Markets in sub-Saharan Africa. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.011.
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This rapid review synthesises the literature from academic, policy, and knowledge institution sources on how demography affects labour markets (e.g. entrants, including youth and women) and labour market outcomes (e.g. capital-per-worker, life-cycle labour supply, human capital investments) in the context of sub-Saharan Africa. One of the key findings is that the fast-growing population in sub-Saharan Africa is likely to affect the ability to get productive jobs and in turn economic growth. This normally happens when workers move from traditional (low productivity agriculture and household businesses) sectors into higher productivity sectors in manufacturing and services. In theory the literature shows that lower dependency ratios (share of the non-working age population) should increase output per capita if labour force participation rates among the working age population remain unchanged. If output per worker stays constant, then a decline in dependency ratio would lead to a rise in income per capita. Macro simulation models for sub-Saharan Africa estimate that capital per worker will remain low due to consistently low savings for at least the next decades, even in the low fertility scenario. Sub-Saharan African countries seem too poor for a quick rise in savings. As such, it is unlikely that a lower dependency ratio will initiate a dramatic increase in labour productivity. The literature notes the gender implications on labour markets. Most women combine unpaid care for children with informal and low productive work in agriculture or family enterprises. Large family sizes reduce their productive labour years significantly, estimated at a reduction of 1.9 years of productive participation per woman for each child, that complicates their move into more productive work (if available). If the transition from high fertility to low fertility is permanent and can be established in a relatively short-term period, there are long-run effects on female labour participation, and the gains in income per capita will be permanent. As such from the literature it is clear that the effect of higher female wages on female labour participation works to a large extent through reductions in fertility.
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Hunter, Fraser, and Martin Carruthers. Iron Age Scotland. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.193.
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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings: Building blocks: The ultimate aim should be to build rich, detailed and testable narratives situated within a European context, and addressing phenomena from the longue durée to the short-term over international to local scales. Chronological control is essential to this and effective dating strategies are required to enable generation-level analysis. The ‘serendipity factor’ of archaeological work must be enhanced by recognising and getting the most out of information-rich sites as they appear. o There is a pressing need to revisit the archives of excavated sites to extract more information from existing resources, notably through dating programmes targeted at regional sequences – the Western Isles Atlantic roundhouse sequence is an obvious target. o Many areas still lack anything beyond the baldest of settlement sequences, with little understanding of the relations between key site types. There is a need to get at least basic sequences from many more areas, either from sustained regional programmes or targeted sampling exercises. o Much of the methodologically innovative work and new insights have come from long-running research excavations. Such large-scale research projects are an important element in developing new approaches to the Iron Age. Daily life and practice: There remains great potential to improve the understanding of people’s lives in the Iron Age through fresh approaches to, and integration of, existing and newly-excavated data. o House use. Rigorous analysis and innovative approaches, including experimental archaeology, should be employed to get the most out of the understanding of daily life through the strengths of the Scottish record, such as deposits within buildings, organic preservation and waterlogging. o Material culture. Artefact studies have the potential to be far more integral to understandings of Iron Age societies, both from the rich assemblages of the Atlantic area and less-rich lowland finds. Key areas of concern are basic studies of material groups (including the function of everyday items such as stone and bone tools, and the nature of craft processes – iron, copper alloy, bone/antler and shale offer particularly good evidence). Other key topics are: the role of ‘art’ and other forms of decoration and comparative approaches to assemblages to obtain synthetic views of the uses of material culture. o Field to feast. Subsistence practices are a core area of research essential to understanding past society, but different strands of evidence need to be more fully integrated, with a ‘field to feast’ approach, from production to consumption. The working of agricultural systems is poorly understood, from agricultural processes to cooking practices and cuisine: integrated work between different specialisms would assist greatly. There is a need for conceptual as well as practical perspectives – e.g. how were wild resources conceived? o Ritual practice. There has been valuable work in identifying depositional practices, such as deposition of animals or querns, which are thought to relate to house-based ritual practices, but there is great potential for further pattern-spotting, synthesis and interpretation. Iron Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report v Landscapes and regions: Concepts of ‘region’ or ‘province’, and how they changed over time, need to be critically explored, because they are contentious, poorly defined and highly variable. What did Iron Age people see as their geographical horizons, and how did this change? Attempts to understand the Iron Age landscape require improved, integrated survey methodologies, as existing approaches are inevitably partial. Aspects of the landscape’s physical form and cover should be investigated more fully, in terms of vegetation (known only in outline over most of the country) and sea level change in key areas such as the firths of Moray and Forth. Landscapes beyond settlement merit further work, e.g. the use of the landscape for deposition of objects or people, and what this tells us of contemporary perceptions and beliefs. Concepts of inherited landscapes (how Iron Age communities saw and used this longlived land) and socal resilience to issues such as climate change should be explored more fully. Reconstructing Iron Age societies. The changing structure of society over space and time in this period remains poorly understood. Researchers should interrogate the data for better and more explicitly-expressed understandings of social structures and relations between people. The wider context: Researchers need to engage with the big questions of change on a European level (and beyond). Relationships with neighbouring areas (e.g. England, Ireland) and analogies from other areas (e.g. Scandinavia and the Low Countries) can help inform Scottish studies. Key big topics are: o The nature and effect of the introduction of iron. o The social processes lying behind evidence for movement and contact. o Parallels and differences in social processes and developments. o The changing nature of houses and households over this period, including the role of ‘substantial houses’, from crannogs to brochs, the development and role of complex architecture, and the shift away from roundhouses. o The chronology, nature and meaning of hillforts and other enclosed settlements. o Relationships with the Roman world
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Ostersetzer-Biran, Oren, and Jeffrey Mower. Novel strategies to induce male sterility and restore fertility in Brassicaceae crops. United States Department of Agriculture, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7604267.bard.
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Abstract Mitochondria are the site of respiration and numerous other metabolic processes required for plant growth and development. Increased demands for metabolic energy are observed during different stages in the plants life cycle, but are particularly ample during germination and reproductive organ development. These activities are dependent upon the tight regulation of the expression and accumulation of various organellar proteins. Plant mitochondria contain their own genomes (mtDNA), which encode for rRNAs, tRNAs and some mitochondrial proteins. Although all mitochondria have probably evolved from a common alpha-proteobacterial ancestor, notable genomic reorganizations have occurred in the mtDNAs of different eukaryotic lineages. Plant mtDNAs are notably larger and more variable in size (ranging from 70~11,000 kbp in size) than the mrDNAs in higher animals (16~19 kbp). Another unique feature of plant mitochondria includes the presence of both circular and linear DNA fragments, which undergo intra- and intermolecular recombination. DNA-seq data indicate that such recombination events result with diverged mitochondrial genome configurations, even within a single plant species. One common plant phenotype that emerges as a consequence of altered mtDNA configuration is cytoplasmic male sterility CMS (i.e. reduced production of functional pollen). The maternally-inherited male sterility phenotype is highly valuable agriculturally. CMS forces the production of F1 hybrids, particularly in predominantly self-pollinating crops, resulting in enhanced crop growth and productivity through heterosis (i.e. hybrid vigor or outbreeding enhancement). CMS lines have been implemented in some cereal and vegetables, but most crops still lack a CMS system. This work focuses on the analysis of the molecular basis of CMS. We also aim to induce nuclear or organellar induced male-sterility in plants, and to develop a novel approach for fertility restoration. Our work focuses on Brassicaceae, a large family of flowering plants that includes Arabidopsis thaliana, a key model organism in plant sciences, as well as many crops of major economic importance (e.g., broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, and various seeds for oil production). In spite of the genomic rearrangements in the mtDNAs of plants, the number of genes and the coding sequences are conserved among different mtDNAs in angiosperms (i.e. ~60 genes encoding different tRNAs, rRNAs, ribosomal proteins and subunits of the respiratory system). Yet, in addition to the known genes, plant mtDNAs also harbor numerous ORFs, most of which are not conserved among species and are currently of unknown function. Remarkably, and relevant to our study, CMS in plants is primarily associated with the expression of novel chimericORFs, which likely derive from recombination events within the mtDNAs. Whereas the CMS loci are localized to the mtDNAs, the factors that restore fertility (Rfs) are identified as nuclear-encoded RNA-binding proteins. Interestingly, nearly all of the Rf’s are identified as pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins, a large family of modular RNA-binding proteins that mediate several aspects of gene expression primarily in plant organelles. In this project we proposed to develop a system to test the ability of mtORFs in plants, which are closely related to known CMS factors. We will induce male fertility in various species of Brassicaceae, and test whether a down-relation in the expression of the recombinantCMS-genes restores fertility, using synthetically designed PPR proteins.
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Kelly, Luke. Lessons Learned on Cultural Heritage Protection in Conflict and Protracted Crisis. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.068.
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This rapid review examines evidence on the lessons learned from initiatives aimed at embedding better understanding of cultural heritage protection within international monitoring, reporting and response efforts in conflict and protracted crisis. The report uses the terms cultural property and cultural heritage interchangeably. Since the signing of the Hague Treaty in 1954, there has bee a shift from 'cultural property' to 'cultural heritage'. Culture is seen less as 'property' and more in terms of 'ways of life'. However, in much of the literature and for the purposes of this review, cultural property and cultural heritage are used interchangeably. Tangible and intangible cultural heritage incorporates many things, from buildings of globally recognised aesthetic and historic value to places or practices important to a particular community or group. Heritage protection can be supported through a number of frameworks international humanitarian law, human rights law, and peacebuilding, in addition to being supported through networks of the cultural and heritage professions. The report briefly outlines some of the main international legal instruments and approaches involved in cultural heritage protection in section 2. Cultural heritage protection is carried out by national cultural heritage professionals, international bodies and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) as well as citizens. States and intergovernmental organisations may support cultural heritage protection, either bilaterally or by supporting international organisations. The armed forces may also include the protection of cultural heritage in some operations in line with their obligations under international law. In the third section, this report outlines broad lessons on the institutional capacity and politics underpinning cultural protection work (e.g. the strength of legal protections; institutional mandates; production and deployment of knowledge; networks of interested parties); the different approaches were taken; the efficacy of different approaches; and the interface between international and local approaches to heritage protection.
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Harari, Ally R., Russell A. Jurenka, Ada Rafaeli, and Victoria Soroker. Evolution of resistance to mating disruption in the pink bollworm moth evidence and possible mechanism. United States Department of Agriculture, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7598165.bard.
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t The pink bollworm, Pectinophoragossypiellais a key pest of cotton world-wide. In Israel mating disruption sex pheromone is used in all cotton fields and recent repeated outbreaks of the pest populations has suggested a change in the population sex pheromone characteristics. The research goals were to (1) determine the change in pheromone characteristic of PBW females after long experience to Mating Disruption (MD), (2) to test the male’s antennae response (EAG) to pheromone characteristics of laboratory, naive females, and of field collected, MD experienced females, (3) to analyse the biosynthetic pathway for possible enzyme variations, (4) to determine the male behavioural response to the pheromone blend involved in the resistance to MD. The experiments revealed that (1) MD experienced females produced pheromone blend with higher ZZ ratio than lab reared (MD naive females) that typically produced ZZ:EE ratio of 1:1. (2) Male’s origin did not affect its response to pheromone characteristics of lab or field females. (3) A transcriptome study demonstrated many gene-encode enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway, but some of the transcripts were produced in differing levels in the MD resistant populations. (4) Male origin (field or lab) influenced males’ choice of mate with strong preference to females sharing the same origin. However, when MD was applied, males of both populations were more attracted to females originated form failed MD treated fields. We conclude that in MD failed fields a change in the population mean of the ratio of the pheromone components had occurred. Males in these fields had changed their search “image” accordingly while keeping the wide range of response to all pheromone characteristics. The change in the pheromone blend is due to different level of pheromone related enzyme production.
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Moreno Pérez, Carlos, and Marco Minozzo. “Making Text Talk”: The Minutes of the Central Bank of Brazil and the Real Economy. Banco de España, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/23646.
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This paper investigates the relationship between the views expressed in the minutes of the meetings of the Central Bank of Brazil’s Monetary Policy Committee (COPOM) and the real economy. It applies various computational linguistic machine learning algorithms to construct measures of the minutes of the COPOM. First, we create measures of the content of the paragraphs of the minutes using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA). Second, we build an uncertainty index for the minutes using Word Embedding and K-Means. Then, we combine these indices to create two topic-uncertainty indices. The first one is constructed from paragraphs with a higher probability of topics related to “general economic conditions”. The second topic-uncertainty index is constructed from paragraphs that have a higher probability of topics related to “inflation” and the “monetary policy discussion”. Finally, we employ a structural VAR model to explore the lasting effects of these uncertainty indices on certain Brazilian macroeconomic variables. Our results show that greater uncertainty leads to a decline in inflation, the exchange rate, industrial production and retail trade in the period from January 2000 to July 2019.
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Hodges, Thomas K., and David Gidoni. Regulated Expression of Yeast FLP Recombinase in Plant Cells. United States Department of Agriculture, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7574341.bard.
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Research activities in both our laboratories were directed toward development of control of the FLP/frt recombination system for plants. As described in the text of the research proposal, the US lab has been engaged in developing regulatory strategies such as tissue-specific promoters and the steroid-inducible activation of the FLP enzyme while the main research activities in Israel have been directed toward the development and testing of a copper-regulated expression of flp recombinase in tobacco (this is an example of a promoter activation by metal ions). The Israeli lab hat additionally completed experiments of previous studies regarding factors affecting the efficiency of recombinase activity using both a gain-of-function assay (excisional-activation of a gusA marker) and loss of function assay (excision of a rolC marker) in tobacco. Site-specific recombinase systems, in particular the FLP/frt and R/RS systems of yeast and the Cre/lox system of bacteriophage P1, have become an essential component of targeted genetic transformation procedures both in animal and plant organisms. To provide more flexibility in transgene excisions by the recombinase systems as well as gene targeting, and to widen possible applications, the development of controlled or regulated recombination systems is highly desirable and was therefore the subject of this research proposal. There are a few possible mechanisms to regulate expression of a recombinase system. They include: 1) control of the recombination system by having the target sites (e.g. frt) in one plant and the flp recombinase gene in another, and bringing the two together by cross fertilization. 2) regulation of promoter activities by external stimuli such as temperature, chemicals, metal ions, etc. 3) regulation of promoter activities by internal signals, i.e. cell- or tissue-specific, or developmental regulation. 4) regulation of enzyme activity by providing cofactors essential for biochemical reactions to take place such as steroid molecules in conjunction with a steroid ligand-binding protein (domains). During the course of this research our major emphasis have been focused toward studying the feasibility of hybrid seed production in Arabidopsis, using FLP/frt. Male-sterility was induced using the antisence of a pollen- and tapetum-specific gene, bcp1, isolated from Arabidopsis. The sterility inducing gene was flanked by frt sites. Upon cross pollination of flowers of male-sterile plants with pollen from FLP-containing plants, viable seeds were produced, and the progeny hybrid plants developed normally. The major achievement from this work is the first demonstration of using a site-specific recombinase to restore fertility in male-sterile plants (see attached paper, Luo et al., Plant J 2000; 23:423-430). The implication from this finding is that site-specific recombination systems can be applied in crop plants as a useful alternative method for hybrid seed production.
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Thomashow, Linda, Leonid Chernin, Ilan Chet, David M. Weller, and Dmitri Mavrodi. Genetically Engineered Microbial Agents for Biocontrol of Plant Fungal Diseases. United States Department of Agriculture, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7696521.bard.
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The objectives of the project were: a) to construct the site-specific integrative expression cassettes carrying: (i) the chiA gene for a 58-kDa endochitinase, (ii) the pyrrolnitrin biosynthesis operon, and (iii) the acdS gene encoding ACC deaminase; b) to employ these constructs to engineer stable recombinant strains with an expanded repertoire of beneficial activities; c) to evaluate the rhizosphere competence and antifungal activity of the WT and modified strains against pathogenic fungi under laboratory and greenhouse conditions; and d) to monitor the persistence and impact of the introduced strains on culturable and nonculturable rhizosphere microbial populations in the greenhouse and the field. The research generally support our concepts that combining strategically selected genes conferring diverse modes of action against plant pathogens into one organism can improve the efficacy of biological control agents. We hypothesized that biocontrol agents (BCAs) engineered to expand their repertoire of beneficial activities will more effectively control soilborne plant pathogens. In this work, we demonstrated that biocontrol activity of Pseudomonas fluorescens Q8r1-96 and Q2-87, both producing the antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG) effective against the plant pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani, can be improved significantly by introducing and expressing either the 1.6-kb gene chiA, encoding the 58-kDa endochitinase ChiA from the rhizosphere strain SerratiaplymuthicaIC1270, or the 5.8-kb prnABCDoperon encoding the broad-range antibiotic pyrrolnitrin (Prn) from another rhizosphere strain, P. fluorescens Pf-5. The PₜₐcchiAandPₜₐcprnABCDcassettes were cloned into the integrative pBK-miniTn7-ΩGm plasmid, and inserted into the genomic DNA of the recipient bacteria. Recombinant derivatives of strains Q8r1-96 and Q2-87 expressing the PₜₐcchiA or PₜₐcprnABCD cassettes produced endochitinase ChiA, or Prn, respectively, in addition to 2,4-DAPG, and the recombinants gave significantly better biocontrol of R. solani on beans under greenhouse conditions. The disease reduction index increased in comparison to the parental strains Q8r1-96 and Q2-87 to 17.5 and 39.0% from 3.2 and 12.4%, respectively, in the case of derivatives carrying the PₜₐcchiAcassette and to 63.1 and 70% vs. 2.8 and 12,4%, respectively, in the case of derivatives carrying the PₜₐcprnABCDcassette. The genetically modified strains exhibited persistence and non-target effects comparable to those of the parental strains in greenhouse soil. Three integrative cassettes carrying the acdS gene encoding ACC deaminase cloned under the control of different promoters were constructed and tested for enhancement of plant growth promotion by biocontrol strains of P. fluorescens and S. plymuthica. The integrative cassettes constructed in this work are already being used as a simple and efficient tool to improve biocontrol activity of various PGPR bacteria against fungi containing chitin in the cell walls or highly sensitive to Prn. Some parts of the work (e. g., construction of integrative cassettes) was collaborative while other parts e.g., (enzyme and antibiotic activity analyses) were fully synergistic. The US partners isolated and provided to the Israeli collaborators the original biocontrol strains P. fluorescens strains Q8r1-96 and Q2-87 and their mutants deficient in 2,4-DAPG production, which were used to evaluate the relative importance of introduction of Prn, chitinase or ACC deaminase genes for improvement of the biocontrol activity of the parental strains. The recombinant strains obtained at HUJI were supplied to the US collaborators for further analysis.