Dissertations / Theses: 'EEG in word production'

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Shen, Weilin. "Role of stress pattern in production and processing of compound words and phrases in Mandarin Chinese." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA05H108/document.

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La présente thèse étudie le rôle de l'accent prosodique (accent de mot vs. accent de syntagme) lors du traitement auditif de paires minimales ambigües (mots composés vs. syntagmes) du chinois mandarin. Deux types de paires minimales ont été utilisés: 1) Mots composés avec un ton neutre (ex: dong3xi0 « chose ») vs. Syntagme avec un ton plein (ex: dong3xi1 « est et ouest ») qui se distinguent par la réalisation du ton sur la syllabe finale ; 2) Mots composés Verbe-Nom (VN) (ex: 'chaofan « riz frit ») vs. Syntagmes Verbe-Objet (VO) (ex: chao'fan « frire du riz ») se distinguant par la position de l'accent prosodique. Nos données comportementales et neurophysiologiques démontrent que : 1) la syllabe finale est plus longue et l'étendue de la F0 est plus large dans les VO que dans les VN, 2) la prosodie assiste le système de traitement pour anticiper la structure morphologique des séquences ambigües, et 3) un traitement hiérarchique « de droite-à-gauche » des informations prosodiques en complément d'un traitement séquentiel « de gauche-à-droite » prend place en chinois mandarin. Prises dans leur ensemble, nos données précisent la description fonctionnelle et structurale du modèle Prosody-Assisted-Processing (PAP) pour le chinois mandarin The present thesis investigates the role of prosodic stress (i.e. lexical versus phrasal stress) on the auditory processing of Mandarin Chinese ambiguous compound /phrase minimal pairs. Two types of compound/phrase minimal pairs were used: 1) Compound word with a neutral tone (e.g. dong3xi0 "thing") vs. phrase with a full tone (e.g. dong3xi1 "east and west") distinguished by the final syllable tone realization; 2) Verb-Noun (VN) compound word (e.g. 'chaofan "fried rice") and Verb-Object (VO) phrase (e.g. chao'fan "fry the rice") distinguished by the position of the prosodic stress. Combined behavioral and neurophysiological data demonstrate that 1) the final syllable was more lengthened and the F0 range was larger in VO than in VN, 2) prosodic structure does assist the processing system in anticipating morphological structure, and 3) a right-to-left hierarchical processing of prosodic information in addition to a sequential left-to-right one is involved during the processing of ambiguous spoken sequences in Mandarin Chinese. Taken together, our findings allowed us to precise the functional and structural description of the Prosody-Assisted-Processing (PAP) model for Mandarin Chinese

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Sweeny, Joshua. "Associations between worm egg count and production in Dorper sheep." Thesis, Sweeny, Joshua (2008) Associations between worm egg count and production in Dorper sheep. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2008. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/13509/.

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With changes to the Australian sheep industry, breeds that have a meat emphasis are becoming increasingly adopted by farmers. One such breed is the Dorper sheep, which was used in this study to investigate the relationship between worm egg count and production attributes. Gastrointestinal worm burden was measured by worm egg counts (WECs) and production attributes that were examined included liveweight, body condition score (BCS), c-site fat depth and eye muscle depth. Two flocks of Dorper lambs (two-hundred and eighty nine Dorper ewe lambs, and two-hundred and thirty four entire Dorper ram lambs), were weaned onto two separate paddocks for grazing and natural worm challenge on a Kojonup property. At post weaning (approximately 10 months of age), each flock had their production attributes measured, along with individual WECs. Each flock was drenched at weaning and not drenched again until after individual WECs were measured. The measured flock WEC frequency distribution reinforced the concept that high flock WECs are influenced by a small percentage of the sheep within the flock and that Dorper sheep are similar to other breeds with respect to parasite population dynamics. The relationships found between WEC and production attributes of both liveweight and eye muscle depth were positive, contradicting the hypothesis of that a negative relationship exists between WEC and production in the Dorper. Although this relationship between WEC and liveweight was weak and unexpected, the relationship was still significant (P<0.05). With an increasing WEC, BCS fell by 56.6% and 37.7% of average ram BCSs in twin and single born rams respectively (P<0.05), while an 18.6% decrease of average ewe BCS was observed in twin born ewes (P<0.05). The drop in body condition score and c-site fat depth may have contributed to overall leaner and lighter carcases (particularly in the ram flock). Given that the liveweights were actually higher in these same animals, this suggests a reduced dressing percentage due to increased non-carcase components, possibly gastrointestinal tissue mass. With increasing WEC the association of liveweight increase and BCS decline indicated that sheep with a higher worm burden may have heavier intestines, when compared to sheep with a low worm challenge. By using liveweight change to assess GIN impact on productivity, production losses linked to gastrointestinal parasite infection may be underestimated. Instead of using liveweight change in assessing the effect of a worm challenge, measurements of the carcass yield may be a more reliable measure in revealing the real economic impact of gastrointestinal worms on sheep meat production systems.

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Elizabeth, Cook. "Capacity Demands of Word Production." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.487484.

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In the speech production literatUre, it is often assumed that only conceptualisation and selfmonitoring, but not lexical retrieval require cognitive capacity (e.g., Levelt, 1989, Speaking). However, using a dual-task paradigm (picture-word interference task and a tone discrimination task) Ferreira and Pashler (2002, JEP:LMC) showed that lexical selection but not phonological encoding required capacity. This thesis reports a series of related experiments. The time required for lexical selection and phonological encoding was varied by combining the pictures with semantically or phonologically related or unrelated distractors. The distractors were words or pictures, and they were clearly visible or masked. The results did not support Ferreira and Pashler's conclusion that lexical selection and phonological encoding differed in capacity demands, but instead suggested that either both of these processes require capacity or that they are both equally automatic. In addition, they confirmed that self-monitoring requires capacity. Finally, they demonstrated that the relatedness between a target word and a distractor can have opposing effects on phonological encoding and self-monitoring, and, in a dual task paradigm, on the latencies to perform a primary and secondary task. This complicates the interpretation of the results of dual-task studies, which is an important conclusion for methodological reasons.

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Wheeldon, Linda Ruth. "Priming of spoken word production." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315987.

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Eaton, Emma. "Patterns of word and non-word production in jargon aphasia." Thesis, City University London, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.435046.

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Hirsh, Katherine Woodburn. "Word production and comprehenshion in aphasia." Thesis, University of York, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306276.

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Niefind, Florian. "Brain-electric correlates of visual word recognition under natural reading conditions." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17494.

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Diese vorliegende Dissertation nutzt Koregistrierung von EEG und Eye-Tracking um neuronale Korrelate der Wortverarbeitung beim natürlichen Lesen zu untersuchen. EKP-Forschung hat unser Verständnis der Wortverarbeitung stark geprägt. Jedoch wird Lesen in EKP-Experimenten üblicherweise im unnatürlichen RSVP Paradigma untersucht. Der Blickbewegungsforschung verdanken wir viele Erkenntnisse über die Koordination von Sprachverarbeitung und Blickbewegungsplanung, allerdings nur auf der Verhaltensebene. Drei Leseexperimente in dieser Arbeit untersuchten a) foveale und parafoveale Wortverarbeitung, b) Wortschwierigkeit in Form von Wortfrequenzeffekten und c) den Einfluss von Blickbewegungen. Ein viertes Experiment untersuchte die Generalisierbarkeit parafovealer Vorverarbeitungs-Effekte (Preview-Effekte), indem diese mit chinesischen Sätzen repliziert wurden. Die Ergebnisse zeigten einen reliablen Effekt parafovealer Vorverarbeitung auf neuronale Korrelate der fovealen Worterkennung in Form eines frühen Effekts auf der N1 Komponente. Interaktionen zwischen dem Preview-Effekt und Wortfrequenz zeigten Wechselwirkungen der Verarbeitung aufeinanderfolgender Worte im fovealen und parafovealen Blickfeld. Preview-Effekte waren schwächer nach Worten mit niedriger Frequenz, was zeigt, wie komplexe foveale Wortverarbeitung Resourcen für parafoveale Information bindet. Andererseits beeinflusste parafoveale Verarbeitung auch die foveale Verarbeitung: Erstens durch den oben beschriebenen Preview-Effekt, zweitens durch eine Verlangsamung der Wortverarbeitungsrate nach schweren Vorschaubedingungen. Außerdem zeigten sich foveale Wortfrequenzeffekte früher nach valider parafovealer Wortvorschau. Der Preview-Effekt war stärker, wenn Blickbewegungen ausgeführt werden mussten. Der Grund hierfür sind verdeckte Aufmerksamkeitsverschiebungen vor einer Sakkade. (EKP-)Forschung zur visuellen Wortverarbeitung sollte zukünftig Blickbewegungen und parafoveale Vorverarbeitung berücksichtigen. The current dissertation uses co-registration of EEG with eye tracking to study the brain-electric correlates of word processing under natural reading circumstances. ERP research has advanced our understanding of the neuronal mechanisms of word processing greatly but traditionally used the RSVP paradigm that is not ecologically valid. Eye tracking research has greatly advanced our understanding of the coordination of linguistic processing with eye movement execution but provides only indirect insight into the actual brain processes during reading. Three reading experiments were conducted to study a) foveal and parafoveal processing, b) word processing in the form of frequency effects, and c) the impact of eye movement planning and execution on a neuronal as well as behavioral level. A fourth experiment tested the generalizability of the preview effects by replicating preview effects in Chinese sentence reading. Results show a robust effect of parafoveal preview on brain-electric correlates of foveal word recognition in the form of an early effect on the N1 component. The preview effect interacted with word frequency in different ways, revealing interactions between the processing of subsequent words in parafoveal and foveal vision. Preview effects were smaller after low frequency words, showing that parafoveal processing is reduced if foveal processing is complex. Also, parafoveal processing also affected foveal processing: Firstly, by providing preview benefit as described above and secondly, by slowing processing rates after a difficult preview (delayed POF effects). Lastly, foveal word frequency effects were found earlier if valid parafoveal preview had been provided. Preview effects were much stronger if eye movements had to be executed, which is most likely due to pre-saccadic attention shifts. Results show the shortcomings of traditional ERP studies and suggest that research on visual word recognition needs to consider eye movements and parafoveal processing.

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Rossi, Sonja. "Neuroplasticity of word learning." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/19420.

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Das Wortlernen begleitet unser Leben von der Kindheit bis ins Alter. Kleinkinder lernen ihre Muttersprache(n), aber auch Erwachsene lernen neue Wörter, z.B. beim Fremdspracherwerb. Unter gewissen Umständen muss eine neue Sprache wieder erlernen werden, wie z.B. nach einer Gehirnläsion. Wie meistert unser Gehirn diese herausfordernden Wortlernsituationen? Um die Neuroplastizität des Wortlernens zu untersuchen, wurden unterschiedliche neurowissenschaftliche Methoden (Elektroenzephalographie, funktionelle Nahinfrarotspektroskopie, voxel-basierte Läsion-Verhalten/EEG Mapping), teilweise in Kombination, bei Kleinkindern, Kindern und Erwachsenen sowie Patienten mit einer Gehirnläsion im Vergleich zu älteren Kontrollprobanden angewendet. 5 Experimente untersuchten die neuronale Verarbeitung von Pseudowörtern, welche mutter- und fremdsprachlichen phonotaktischen Regeln (d.h. die Kombination von verschiedenen Phonemen) folgten, in unterschiedlichen Lernsettings bei monolingualen Teilnehmern. Gesunde Erwachsene aber auch 6monatige und ältere Teilnehmer und Patienten konnten diese Regeln differenzieren. Beteiligte Gehirnareale umfassten ein links-hemisphärisches fronto-temporales Netzwerk. Die Verarbeitung universeller Spracheigenschaften, andererseits, zeigte sich in parietalen Regionen. Während Erwachsene eine klare Dominanz der linken Hemisphäre aufwiesen, nutzten 6monatige noch beide Gehirnhälften. Unterschiedliche Sprachtrainings (semantische Trainings oder Passives Zuhören) an drei aufeinanderfolgenden Tagen veränderten auch die Gehirnaktivität der Kleinkinder und der Erwachsenen und wiesen auf eine erhöhte Lernflexibilität hin. Im 6. Experiment lernten 5jährige bilinguale Kinder anhand pragmatischer Eigenschaften neue Adjektive und zeigten effizientere neuronale Mechanismen als Monolinguale. Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Wichtigkeit multi-methodologischer Ansätze, um genauere Einblicke in die komplexen Mechanismen der Neuroplastizität zu erlangen. Word learning accompanies our everyday life from infancy to advanced age. Infants have to learn the native language(s) but also during adulthood word learning can take place, for example if we learn a new foreign language. Sometimes people are confronted with a situation in which they have to re-learn a language because of a brain lesion. How does the brain master these challenging word learning settings? To assess neuroplasticity of word learning several neuroscientific methods (electroencephalography, functional near-infrared spectroscopy, voxel-based lesion-behavior/EEG mapping), partially in combination, were used in infants, children, and adults as well as in patients suffering from a brain lesion compared to matched elderly controls. In 5 experiments neuronal processing of pseudowords corresponding to native and non-native phonotactic rules (i.e., the combination of different phonemes) was investigated under different learning conditions in monolingual participants. Healthy adults but also 6-month-old infants and elderly subjects and patients were able to differentiate these rules. Involved brain areas included a left-hemispheric network of fronto-temporal regions. When processing universal linguistic features, however, more parietal regions were involved. While adults revealed a clear left-dominant network, 6-month-olds still recruited bilateral brain areas. Differential language trainings (semantic or passive listening trainings) over three consecutive days also modulated brain activation in both infants and adults suggesting a high flexibility for learning native and non-native linguistic regularities. In a 6th experiment, bilingual 5-year-old children learned novel adjectives by means of pragmatic cues and revealed more efficient neuronal mechanisms compared to monolingual children. Findings underline the importance of multi-methodological approaches to get clearer insights into the complex machinery of neuroplasticity.

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Collins, Alan. "Processes in speech production." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253499.

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Nickels, Lyndsey. "Spoken word production and its breakdown in aphasia." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338192.

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ABSTRACT This thesis examines the processes involved in spoken word production. The disorders of naming observed in fifteen aphasic subjects are analysed in detail and the results related to current models of spoken word production. The data is used to support and refute predictions made by these models and the model is presented which best fits the patterns observed. Each of the fifteen aphasic subjects was tested using a range of tasks for assessment of both comprehension and production deficits. Their performance on a picture naming task was examined in detail. Statistical analyses were performed to study the effects of a number of variables on naming performance for the group as a whole and for individual subjects. These variables included written word frequency, familiarity, imageability, concreteness, word length (in terms of number of syllables and number of phonemes) and articulatory/ phonological complexity. Although there was no significant relationship between overall naming performance and comprehension, the production of semantic errors was significantly correlated with semantic errors in the comprehension of high imageability items. There was also found to be no relationship between the production and detection of phonological errors and input processing deficits. In contrast to many previous studies, there was not found to be a significant effect of written word frequency on picture naming for this group of aphasic subjects. However, a significant effect of familiarity was found and it is argued that this serves as a more accurate measure of spoken word frequency than the measures of written word frequency commonly used. Similarly, imageability was found to be a better measure of the influence of a semantic deficit on naming than concreteness. The majority of patients showed a significant effect of word length on the production of phonological errors and this length effect was predominantly found to be due to the number of phonemes, rather than the number of syllables, present in the word. The theoretical implications of these results are discussed.

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Chen, Yuanyuan. "The modulation of spatio-temporal brain dynamics in visual word recognition by psycholinguistic variables and tasks studies using EEG/MEG and fMRI." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.607863.

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Silva, Cíntia Aparecida da. "Produção do conhecimento em Serviço Social : análise das dissertações de mestrado defendidas no Programa de Pós-graduação em Serviço Social da Unesp - Campus Franca entre 1999 e 2009 e a interface com a indústria calçadista de Franca-SP /." Franca : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98524.

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Orientador: Helen Barbosa Raiz Engler Banca: Josiani Julião Alves de Oliveira Banca: Ubaldo Silveira Resumo: Este trabalho intenciona discutir a produção do conhecimento no único Programa de Pósgraduação em Serviço Social público do estado de São Paulo através do estudo bibliográfico e documental das dissertações produzidas entre 1999 e 2009, da Linha de Pesquisa Mundo do Trabalho, que realizam interface com estudos sobre a indústria calçadista de Franca, por tratar-se de um cenário composto intensificamente de formas antigas de trabalho, como o desenvolvido em âmbito domiciliar, expressões do processo de reestruturação produtiva e precarização das condições de vida, além da predominância de empresas familiares e do perfil empreendedor de diversos atores sociais. Para tanto, utilizou-se como categorias de análise: Mentalidades; Reestruturação Produtiva; Trabalho e Relações de Trabalho. Assim sendo, foram pré-selecionadas doze dissertações através da análise e leitura dos títulos, resumos, palavras-chave, introdução e considerações finais, porém, somente dez contemplaram o objetivo proposto integralmente, que é analisar como se deu a discussão sobre a indústria calçadista e o mundo do trabalho, tendo como enfoque as categorias de análise supracitadas. Realizou-se discussão e interlocução entre os temas propostos através da leitura analítica. Verificou-se que as relações e condições de trabalho em Franca movimentam-se conforme a tendência constante do capital, deteriorando a força produtiva, pois o setor calçadista não apresenta inovações tecnológicas significantes e no trabalho subcontratado os meios de produção são antigos e ultrapassados, além de a indústria apresentar grande dependência de políticas de incentivo governamental. Foi considerado importante que novas pesquisas sejam realizadas na universidade, como propõe Guiraldelli (2006), com o intuito de dar voz e ouvido aos trabalhadores que se encontram imersos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) Abstract: This paper intends to discuss the production of knowledge in one of the Graduate Program in Social Work from the public through state of the bibliographical and documentary study of dissertations produced between 1999 and 2009 of the Research Line World of Work that interface with research on industry footwear from Franca, because it is composed of a scenario of intensifying ancient forms of work such as that developed in the home environment, expressions of the restructuring process and precarious living conditions, and the predominance of family businesses and entrepreneurial profile of several social actors. For this purpose, as categories of analysis: Mindsets; Productive Restructuring, Employment and Labour Relations. Thus, twelve were preselected dissertations by analyzing and reading the titles, abstracts, key - words, introduction and closing remarks, but only ten fully contemplated the proposed objective, which is examining how was the discussion of the footwear industry and world of work, focusing on the analysis categories above. Thus, through analytical reading was held discussion and communication among the topics proposed. There is that the relations and working conditions in Franca move up as the continuing trend of capital, undermining the productive power, because the footwear sector has no significant technological innovations and the work outsourced production facilities are old and outdated, beyond the industry present a great dependence on government incentive policies. It is considered important that more research is done at the university, as proposed Guiraldelli (2006) in order to give voice and listen to workers who find themselves immersed in the constant changes in the workplace and to provide more performance, conducting research and intervention Social Work, whether as a professional coach, teacher, or student for a role... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) Mestre

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Dittinger, Eva Maria. "From auditory perception to memory : musicianship as a window into novel word learning." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0513/document.

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Les avantages liés à la formation musicale transfèrent au traitement du langage, et à certaines fonctions perceptives et cognitives. Nous examinons si cette formation facilite aussi l'apprentissage de mots nouveaux au long de la vie. Les enfants «musiciens» et les jeunes musiciens professionnels surpassent les participants de contrôle dans une série d’expériences, avec une plasticité cérébrale plus rapide, et une connectivité fonctionnelle plus forte, mesurées par électroencéphalographie. Les résultats des musiciens plus âgés sont moins clairs, suggérant un impact limité de la formation musicale sur le déclin cognitif. Enfin, les jeunes musiciens ont une meilleure mémoire à long terme des nouveaux mots, ce qui contribuerait à expliquer l’avantage observé. Ces effets de transfert de la formation musicale au niveau sémantique et de la mémoire à long terme révèlent l’importance des fonctions cognitives générales et ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives pour l’éducation et la rééducation Based on results evidencing music training-related advantages on speech processing, perceptive and cognitive functions, we examine whether music training facilitates novel word learning throughout the lifespan. We show that musically-trained children and young professional musicians outperform controls in a series of experiments, with faster brain plasticity and stronger functional connectivity, as measured by electroencephalography. By contrast, advantages for old adult musicians are less clear-cut, suggesting a limited impact of music training to counteract cognitive decline. Finally, young musicians show better long-term memory for novel words, which possibly contributes, along with better auditory perception and attention, to their advantage in word learning. By showing transfer effects from music training to semantic processing and long-term memory, results reveal the importance of domain-general cognitive functions and open new perspectives for education and rehabilitation

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Kim, Dahee. "The Production and Perception of Signal-Based Cues to Word Boundaries." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1374173517.

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Sala, Mercè Prat. "The production of different word orders : a psycholinguistic and developmental approach." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/513.

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This thesis is primarily concerned with language production. In particular it investigates two issues: First, it explores some of the processing mechanisms underlying the production of different syntactic structures and word orders. Second, it explores the production of different syntactic structures and word order from a developmental perspective. These two issues are investigated experimentally and from a cross-linguistic point of view. First, a description is given of the possible word order permutations that Catalan allows and under which circumstances these word orders are produced. This is extended with a corpus analysis of spoken Catalan. The aim of this study is twofold: on the one hand, it aims to present the different positions where subjects and complements of the verb can appear in a sentence. On the other, it aims to compare the use of passivization between spoken and newspaper text in Catalan. Second, my experimental work in language production in four languages is presented. These languages include English, Brazilian Portuguese, Catalan and Spanish. The main aim of this study is to explore the effects of the non-linguistic factors of animacy and frequency upon the production of different word orders. The results of four experiments in the four languages mentioned yield evidence that these non-linguistic factors affect the on-line processing of language production. In the four languages, participants tend to prefer to produce syntactic structures which allow animate entities to be realised as the sentential subject, even if this means producing a passive structure rather than a (usually preferred) active structure. I have also found evidence that in some languages (e.g. Catalan and Spanish) animate/frequent entities appear at initial sentence position in the grammatical category of object (in dislocated active constructions). These results are explained on the light of some of the models of language production (e.g. Bock 1987a; Bock and Levelt 1994). Third, further cross-linguistic experiments in three languages (English, Catalan and Spanish) are presented. There I show that one particular contextual factor, discourse salience, can also affect the realisation of different syntactic structures during production. Entities which have been made more salient by the preceding context are more likely to appear as sentential subjects or in early sentential positions than entities which have also been introduced in previous discourse but are less salient. I suggest that these effects can be explained using the same mechanisms that explain other non-linguistic factors (e.g. animacy). The results also suggest that in the absence of context, animacy is a strong determinant of syntactic structure and word order, whereas in context, discourse salience may largely override animacy effects. Finally, these results suggest that from a processing point of view, the Given/New partition is not enough to account for the information structure of a sentence, but a more fine-grained distinction is need, in keeping with some recent pragmatic theories (e.g. Prince 1981, 1992; Sgall et al. 1986). Finally, I investigate the production of different word orders from a developmental point of view. In particular I examine the relationship between age and the production of different word orders by Catalan children, ranging from 4;11 to 11;11 years. The results of an experiment run with these children show that a dislocated active is a construction already consolidated at age 5. In contrast, the passive clause is a construction still not fully acquired at age 11. These results seem to suggest that for Catalan children, a dislocated active is a syntactic structure that is available earlier than the passive structure. Conversely, the placement of a patient in subject position and the creation of a verbal passive voice occurs later than simple word order permutation. Finally, a comparison between these results and existing results from English children shows that there are cross-linguistic differences on the age of production of passive clauses: while English children already produce passives at age 5, Catalan children start producing passives at age 11. I suggest some possible explanations for the cross-linguistic differences in the production of different syntactic structures. Overall, the main aim for this study is to gain insight into the production of different syntactic structures and word orders from a psycholinguistic and developmental point of view.

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O'Reilly, Anna. "Word reading and picture naming : phonological encoding in English language production." Thesis, University of East London, 2013. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/3962/.

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In Roelofs' (2004) form preparation study examining processes involved in both word reading and picture naming, he concluded that phonological encoding mechanisms might be shared for the two tasks. Importantly, in his earlier form preparation research Roelofs (1999) argued that phonemic features are not involved during phonological encoding and indeed, most current models of general language production such as Word-form Encoding by Activation and VERification (WEAVER, e.g., Roelofs, 1997a) account for the role of phonemic features once the phonological encoding process has been completed. However, whilst Kinoshita's (2000) re-interpretation of the locus of the masked onset priming effect (MOPE) implies an encoding process for word reading that is similar to that incorporated into WEAVER (e.g., Roelofs, 1997a) and by extension to picture naming, Lukatela, Eaton and Turvey‟s (2001) results suggest that features may well be involved in the word reading processes. The main purpose of the research undertaken within this thesis was to evaluate phonological encoding for both word reading and picture naming to assess the validity of Roelofs' (2004) claims. This was conducted with the employment of the masked priming paradigm as well as the masked sandwich priming paradigm and by the manipulation of phonemic feature overlap in both the initial and end/coda segment position of primes and monosyllabic targets. From the cumulative results of this research, the notion that encoding mechanisms might be shared between these two tasks could not be ruled out. Importantly, phonemic feature effects were consistently observed across both word reading (with lexical primes) and picture naming. Controversially, these particular findings suggest that conventional thinking is misguided to ignore the role of phonemic features during the phonological encoding process.

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Eisenhuth, Heike [Verfasser]. "Production and Perception of Word Boundary Markers in German Speech / Heike Eisenhuth." Konstanz : Bibliothek der Universität Konstanz, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1105384853/34.

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Koerich, Rosana Denise. "Perception and production of word-final vowel epenthesis by brazilian EFL students." Florianópolis, SC, 2002. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/82972.

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Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras Inglês e Literatura Correspondente. Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-19T19:54:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Esta pesquisa focaliza a ocorrência de um erro de pronúncia - a epêntese vocálica em consoantes em final de palavras no inglês de estudantes brasileiros. A relação entre produção e percepção foi estabelecida a partir da investigação sobre as habilidades de produzir consoantes em final de palavra e de discriminar seqüências ##CVC## e ##CVCV## onde a vogal final é /i/. Vinte estudantes do primeiro e segundo semestres de cursos de graduação em três universidades participaram do estudo. Seguindo-se a linha de pesquisa de Baptista e Silva Filho (1997), a produção da epêntese foi examinada através de três variáveis de marcação da consoante-alvo e duas variáveis de contexto fonológico: (a) vozeamento, (b) marcação relativa na classe de obstruintes, (c) marcação relativa das plosivas vozeadas por ponto de articulação, (d) silêncio, consoante ou vogal como contexto fonólogico, e (e) relações de sonoridade entre as sílabas. A relação entre produção e percepção foi examinada em termos das variáveis (a) e (e) acima e em termos gerais, estabelecendo-se o grau de associação entre as habilidades. Os dados de produção foram obtidos através da leitura de sentenças contendo seqüências ##CVC## em contexto de seqüências ##CVC(C)##, ##VC(C)##, e silêncio. Os dados de percepção foram obtidos através de um teste de discriminação do item estranho (Flege, MacKay e Meador, 1999). Em geral, as análises estatísticas não revelaram efeito significativo da marcação da consoante final ou do contexto fonológico na produção e percepção, entretanto, tendências foram identificadas ao se estabelecer comparação entre os resultados de produção e resultados de pesquisas anteriores, e entre os dados de produção e percepção investigando estas variáveis. A análise estatística dos dados, estabelecendo relação entre percepção e produção, mostrou resultados significativos indicando associação entre as habilidades. Propõe-se que tais resultados argumentam em favor da sílaba como unidade de representação mental guiando a percepção e produção de consoantes em final de palavras em L2.

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Michel, Johannes. "The Sustainability of Decentralized Bioenergy Production : Case Study: The 'Bioenergy Village' Bollewick." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-194437.

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The concept of Sustainable Development is an interdisciplinary science. Transcending various academic fields the concept shows paths how the needs of present and future generations can be met through economic development on a finite natural resource base. Global warming and rising sea levels are just two of a series of phenomena that are directly attributable to human-induced increasing greenhouse gas levels in the atmosphere as consequence of the combustion of fossil fuels. Therefore, reducing greenhouse gas emissions through the use of renewable resources such as bioenergy are of vital importance if detrimental environmental effects are to be mitigated. The production of biogas in a decentralized context is receiving much attention in Germany as a means to reduce greenhouse gases and to counteract correlated negative environmental effects, respectively. In addition, socio-economic benefits such as local employment creation have the potential to empower rural communities. Subsidised by the German Renewable Sources Act and its various remuneration schemes, two 500kWel CHP biogas plants are producing through anaerobic digestion of maize silage and manure electricity and heat in the East German village Bollewick, which is the case study. The sustainability of this decentralized system is analyzed by applying a set of indicators. Socio-economic benefits for the population, economic efficiency of the digestion process and impacts of substrate costs on the profitability, greenhouse gas emissions due to land use change and biodiversity loss being some of these indicators. The thesis concludes that none of the sustainability indicators are sufficiently fulfilled in Bollewick. Especially the cultivation of the energy crop maize has despite crop rotations immense negative environmental effects. Therefore, the decentralized biogas production in the rurally coined village Bollewick is not sustainable.

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Lara, Ricardo. "A produção do conhecimento em Serviço Social : o mundo do trabalho em debate /." Franca : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106112.

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Orientador: José Walter Canôas Banca: Ricardo Luiz Coltro Antunes Banca: Claudia Maria França Mazzei Nogueira Banca: João Antonio Rodrigues Banca: José Fernando Siqueira da Silva Resumo: Na bibliografia recente das ciências sociais e humanas, o mundo do trabalho é intensamente investigado por pesquisadores das mais diversas áreas do conhecimento. Nas pesquisas, ganham destaques os estudos sobre a terceirização e a subcontratação, a precarização do trabalho, as inovações tecnológicas, o desemprego estrutural e as demais refrações da crise de acumulação do capital que acentuam, sobremaneira, as expressões da "questão social". O Serviço Social com seus programas de pós-graduação, núcleos de pesquisas e, respectivamente, seus meios de publicitação de conhecimentos apresentam significativas investigações referente à temática, que absorve expressiva relevância na produção teórica da área a partir de 1990. O mundo do trabalho é uma temática ampla e complexa que pressupõe opções teóricas e políticas acerca de aspectos a serem abordados num estudo científico, principalmente em razão de os estudos sobre o tema terem as mais variadas abordagens. Nesta tese, o objetivo é analisar a produção teórica do Serviço Social sobre o mundo do trabalho no período de 1996 a 2006, com ênfase nas principais temáticas e tendências das investigações dos assistentes sociais. O material de pesquisa são os artigos das revistas Serviço Social e Sociedade, Debates Sociais, Serviço Social e Realidade e Praia Vermelha. A pesquisa é de caráter bibliográfico com a técnica de análise temática e apóia-se no pressuposto de que a produção do conhecimento torna-se relevante quando tem como meta a busca de explicações das contradições da realidade social. A preocupação central da pesquisa foram as investigações dos assistentes sociais sobre o mundo do trabalho, mas, no desenvolvimento, surgiram vários questionamentos que nos levaram a interrogar a objetividade da pesquisa e da produção do conhecimento no Serviço Social; protestar...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) Abstract: In the recent bibliography of social and human sciences, the world of work intensely is investigated by researchers of diverse areas of the knowledge. In the research, the studies gain prominences on the subcontractating, precarious work, the technological innovations, the structural unemployment and too much refractions of the crisis of accumulation of the capital that they accent, excessively, the expressions of the "social matters". The Social Work with it's programs of pos-graduation, centers of research and, respectively, it's ways of to return public of knowledge presents significant inquiries referring to the thematic, that it absorbs expressive relevance in the theoretical production of the area from 1990.The world of the work is ample thematic and a complex one that estimates theoretical options and politics concerning aspects to be discussed in a scientific study, mainly in reason of the studies on the subject to have the most varied discussions. In this thesis, the object is to analyze the theoretical production of the social work on the world of work in the period of 1996 to 2006,with emphasis in the main thematic ones and trends of the inquiries of the social assistants the material of research are the articles from the magazines Serviço Social e Sociedade, Debates Sociais, Serviço Social e Realidade e Praia Vermelha. The character of the research is bibliographical one with the thematic analysis technical's and is supported in the idea that the production of the knowledge becomes relevant when the object of the searching of explanations for the contradictions of the social reality. The central concern of the research had been the inquiries of the social assistants on the world of work, then the development, some questionings had appeared that had taken us to interrogate the real object of the research and the production of the knowledge...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below) Doutor

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Mason, Glenda. "Multisyllabic word production of school-aged children with and without protracted phonological development." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/55983.

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Few studies exist concerning multisyllabic word development, yet researchers suggest that evaluation of long words is essential for phonological assessment of school-aged children (e.g. Holm, Farrier, & Dodd, 2008; James, 2006). Furthermore, multisyllabic word (MSW) production may be related to literacy development (Carroll & Snowling, 2004). The goal of this thesis therefore was to further study the phonological acquisition of MSWs. The dissertation begins with a meta-analysis (Chapter 2) that examines factors related to word level literacy skills in children with and without protracted phonological development (PPD). Fifty-two eligible studies were evaluated that had measured at least one word level literacy construct. Sixty-four independent samples were generated for evaluation of: Phonological awareness, Decoding, Fluency, Nonword decoding and Spelling. A mean mixed weighted d was compared on the Q-statistic using a random effects model. MSW evaluation was a relevant moderator of literacy for children with PPD as expected and motivated the remainder of the thesis. A pilot study (Chapter 3) evaluated a new MSW metric based on nonlinear phonological and language processing frameworks. Six MSWs were analyzed for ten English-speaking typically developing (TD) 5-year-olds, and eight French-speaking 3- to 4-year-olds with PPD. Mismatches were tallied and ranked, and compared with tallies from Phonological Mean Length of Utterance (Ingram, 2002) and Percent Consonants Correct (Shriberg, Austin, Lewis, McSweeny, & Wilson, 1997). The number of different ranks was significant and systematically higher with the new metric. Chapter 4 examines production of 20 MSWs in three sub-studies: (a) longitudinal: 44 TD children at ages 5 and 8 to 10 years; (b) cross-sectional by age: twelve age-matched 8- to 10-year-olds with and without PPD; and (c) cross-sectional by group: 62 TD 5-year-olds and the 12 8- to 10-year-olds with PPD. Lexical and phonological tallies decreased significantly between ages 5 and 8 years for the TD children. The 8- to 10-year-olds with PPD showed overall scores equivalent to those of the TD 5-year-olds although some different mismatch (error) patterns. In summary, the thesis further examines the link between MSWs and literacy and provides both a new whole-word metric for MSWs and phonological data for school-aged children. Medicine, Faculty of Audiology and Speech Sciences, School of Graduate

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Li, Yu Moreton Elliott. "Differential acquisition of phonemic contrasts by infant word-learners does production recapitulate perception? /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1142.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007. Title from electronic title page (viewed Mar. 27, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Linguistics." Discipline: Linguistics; Department/School: Linguistics.

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Price, Jaima S., Lauren P. Driggers-Jones, Wallace E. Jr Dixon, and Natasha B. Gouge. "Temperament-Vocabulary Links During the Transition to First Word Production: Contrary to Expectations." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4910.

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Spelman, Miller Kristyan. "Writing on-line : temporal features of first and second language written text production." Thesis, University of Reading, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326750.

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Wehner, Daniel T. "Phonological and semantic influences on auditory word perception in children with and without reading impairments using magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG)." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39575.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 117-135). Children with dyslexia struggle with learning to read despite adequate intelligence, motivation, and schooling. Over the years, there has been a growing consensus about the role of phonological processing in reading disability. Poor readers typically do worse than their normal reading peers on tasks that require phonological processing which has been linked, directly or indirectly, to their speech perception abilities. The work in this thesis combined behavioral, MEG, and EEG methods to examine how normal and reading-impaired children, 7-13 years of age, perceive speech under varying degrees of phonological contrast (1 vs. 3 phonetic features). In a series of auditory word perception experiments, good and poor readers were found to do worse in accuracy and/or reaction times in phonologically similar (i.e., 1-feature contrast) than phonologically dissimilar (i.e., 2 or 3-feature contrast) conditions. Despite the similar behavioral performance and EEG responses for the two groups, a region of interest (ROI) based MEG approach revealed differences in the brain activation of the two groups in superior temporal regions at 140 to 300 ms. (cont.) In the auditory word discrimination task, differences in activation were found in good readers but not poor readers, as a function of the degree of phonological contrast, reflecting poor readers' lack of sensitivity to the phonological characteristics of the word stimuli. In the sentence plausibility judgment task, the impaired phonological processing abilities of the poor readers may have led them to rely more on top-down sentence context to perceptually disambiguate phonologically confusing terminal words, thereby deceiving them into accepting the phonologically similar incongruent sentences as being congruent. This may account for the poor reader group's reduced brain activation in the phonologically demanding condition in the sentence task. The results of the experiments are consistent with a phonological view of reading disability according to which children with reading impairments have poorly defined phonological representations. by Daniel T. Wehner. Ph.D.

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Dubarry, Anne-Sophie. "Linking neurophysiological data to cognitive functions : methodological developments and applications." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM5017.

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Un des enjeux majeurs de la Psychologie Cognitive est de décrire les grandes fonctions mentales, notamment chez l’humain. Du point de vue neuroscientifique, il s’agit de modéliser l’activité cérébrale pour en extraire les éléments et mécanismes spatio-temporels susceptibles d’être mis en correspondance avec les opérations cognitives. Le travail de cette thèse a consisté à définir et mettre en œuvre des stratégies originales permettant de confronter les modèles cognitifs existants à des données issues d’enregistrements neurophysiologiques chez l’humain. Dans une première étude nous avons démontré que la distinction entre les organisations classiques de la dénomination de dessin sériel-parallèle, doit être adressée au niveau des essais uniques et non sur la moyenne des signaux. Nous avons conçu et mené l’analyse des signaux SEEG de 15 patients pour montrer que l’organisation temporelle de la dénomination de dessin n’est pas, au sens strict, parallèle. Dans une deuxième étude nous avons combiné trois techniques d’enregistrements : SEEG, EEG et MEG pour clarifier l’organisation spatiale des sources d’activité neuronales. Nous avons établi la faisabilité de l’enregistrement sur un patient qui exécute une tâche de perception visuelle. Au delà des corrélations entre les signaux moyens des trois techniques, cette analyse a révélé des corrélations au niveau des essais uniques. À travers deux approches expérimentales, cette thèse propose de nombreux développements méthodologiques et conceptuels originaux et pertinents. Ces contributions ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives à partir desquelles les signaux neurophysiologiques pourront informer les théories des Neurosciences Cognitives A major issue in Cognitive Psychology is to describe human cognitive functions. From the Neuroscientific perceptive, measurements of brain activity are collected and processed in order to grasp, at their best resolution, the relevant spatio-temporal features of the signal that can be linked with cognitive operations. The work of this thesis consisted in designing and implementing strategies in order to overcome spatial and temporal limitations of signal processing procedures used to address cognitive issues. In a first study we demonstrated that the distinction between picture naming classical temporal organizations serial-parallel, should be addressed at the level of single trials and not on the averaged signals. We designed and conducted the analysis of SEEG signals from 5 patients to show that the temporal organization of picture naming involves a parallel processing architecture to a limited degree only. In a second study, we combined SEEG, EEG and MEG into a simultaneous trimodal recording session. A patient was presented with a visual stimulation paradigm while the three types of signals were simultaneously recorded. Averaged activities at the sensor level were shown to be consistent across the three techniques. More importantly a fine-grained coupling between the amplitudes of the three recording techniques is detected at the level of single evoked responses. This thesis proposes various relevant methodological and conceptual developments. It opens up several perspectives in which neurophysiological signals shall better inform Cognitive Neuroscientific theories

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Williams, Melonie. "The Effects of Blocked and Random Word Lists on the Production of False Memories." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2007. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1196.

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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information. Bachelors Sciences Psychology

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Xing, Kongliang. "Accessing the mental lexicon in spoken word production: Masked priming effects in picture naming." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187191.

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This dissertation investigated the process of lexical access in spoken word production by using a picture naming task which involves very similar processes. Experiment 1 showed that significant repetition priming effect was obtained in this task when the prime was heavily masked and was unavailable to conscious report. In addition, the repetition effect was independent of word frequency. However, a pattern of frequency attenuated priming effects was obtained in Experiment 2 when the prime was unmasked and was named about 10 minutes previously. These results suggest that the masked repetition effect is lexical in nature, whereas the unmasked effect is contaminated by non-lexical sources, such as auditory episodic memory. Experiment 3 showed that the masked repetition effect was independent of the neighborhood density of target names, but the masked form-priming effect was highly constrained by the density. Further, Experiment 4 showed that once the form-related prime became phonologically identical to the picture name the form-priming effect was no longer constrained by the density. In order to distinguish which processing component (lexicalization or production) was responsible for the elimination of the constraint, a picture-fragment matching task was used. Experiment 5A showed that in the matching task, repetition effects were significant and independent of neighborhood density. In contrast with Experiment 4, Experiment 5B showed that the form-priming effect was highly constrained by the density in the matching task. These experiments suggest that (1) the process of phonological encoding is automatic and extremely fast; and (2) the phonological encoding is a necessary process for production but not for lexicalization. In addition, no masked associative priming was obtained in either a picture naming task (Experiment 6) or a picture categorization task (Experiment 7), suggesting that masked priming effects obtained in the present picture processing tasks were not due to facilitation occurring at the semantic or conceptual level. Finally, the robust frequency effects established in picture naming tasks were severely weakened when a picture-fragment matching task was used (Experiment 8). This pattern of results suggests that frequency influences mainly name production rather than name retrieval in picture naming.

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Alfaifi, Abdullah Hassan M. "AN OPTIMALITY-THEORETIC APPROACH TO SAUDI ENGLISH LEARNERS’ PRODUCTION OF WORD-INITIAL BICONSONANTAL CLUSTERS." OpenSIUC, 2015. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1783.

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This study provides an Optimality-Theoretic analysis of the syllabification of word-initial biconsonantal clusters in the productions of Faifi Arabic and Asiri Arabic speakers. This study aimed at investigating the role of sonority in the syllabification of onset clusters. Two groups, each made up of 15 participants, were employed in this study to produce English nonwords, which had onsets composed of biconsonantal clusters with different sonority levels. The results of the study showed that the two groups had two different ways of treating the clusters. The Faifi group epenthesized a vowel before the onset clusters, forcing the second consonant in the cluster to become the onset of the following syllable. The Asiri group epenthesized a vowel between the consonants of onset clusters when the sonority slope equaled 2. When the sonority slope equaled 3, the cluster was produced intact. All of these differences were shown to be the result of different rankings of several markedness and faithfulness constraints.

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Santos, Marcos Antônio de Oliveira. "The production of word-initial/s/-clusters by brazilian future efl teachers in Bahia." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2016. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/167934.

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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Inglês: Estudos Linguísticos e Literários, Florianópolis, 2016. Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-20T04:36:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 340698.pdf: 3170591 bytes, checksum: 4624c49c2d5e9da3758f4c82c890fdaf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 Abstract : Many studies conducted so far showed that Brazilians tend to insert a prothetic vowel preceding English /s/-clusters, as a way to structure syllables (Bettoni-Techio, 2008; Cornelian, 2003, 2010; Rauber, 2002, 2004; Rebello, 1997). Taking into consideration the difficulty Brazilians usually face when it comes to producing /s/-clusters, the present study aimed at investigating the production of word-initial /s/-clusters by Brazilian future EFL teachers in Bahia, as a means to verify whether the participants of the present research could produce the /s/-clusters in a target-like fashion. The objective of this study was also to check whether type of cluster and preceding phonological context played a role in the participants? production. The data collection took place at the Universidade do Estado da Bahia (UNEB), with seven participants with an intermediate level of English proficiency. Furthermore, two types of tests were used (a Sentence-Reading Test and an Image-Description Test) to check whether task type affects production. Additionally, a questionnaire and a proficiency test were administered, which could also contribute to account for the results. The participants were audio recorded while they read the 24 sentences containing /s/-clusters in the Sentence-Reading test and described the images in the Image-Description Test. The present study, four different types of cluster (/sp/, /spr/, /st/ and /str/) in three different preceding contexts (a vowel, a consonant or a silence) were taken into account in order to check the most difficult type of cluster and environment. The findings of this research showed that the Sentence-Reading Test had higher rates of prothetic vowel occurrences than the Image-Description Test and the participants seemed to have more difficulty with three-member clusters, and also when the preceding context was a vowel. Another important discussion was related to the nature of the prothetic vowel that the participants produced in both tests. Considering the F1 value, which has to do with tongue height, and the F2 value, which is related to tongue retraction (Yavas, 2011), the participants produced a prothetic vowel similar to the English and BP /i/, in terms of height, but with the tongue more retracted, similar to the English /I/ ? a prothetic vowel of hybrid nature. Considering the results of the present study, we can see that English /s/-clusters lead to pronunciation difficulties and that this syllable pattern should be addressed and practiced in the language classroom to improve the oral production of BP learners of English. Muitos estudos conduzidos até o presente momento mostraram que brasileiros tendem a inserir uma vogal protética antecedendo os encontros consonantais iniciados em /s/ do inglês, também como um modo de estruturação de sílabas (Bettoni-Techio, 2008; Cornelian, 2003, 2010; Rauber, 2002, 2004; Rebello, 1997). Levando em consideração a dificuldade que os brasileiros geralmente teve com relação à produção de /s/-clusters, o presente estudo teve como intenção investigar a produção de /s/-clusters em posição inicial por brasileiros futuros professores de inglês como língua estrangeira na Bahia, avaliando se os participantes desta pesquisa conseguiram atingir a produção alvo das /s/-clusters. O objetivo deste estudo foi também checar se o tipo de cluster e o tipo de contexto fonológico que o antecedia exerciam algum papel na produção dos participantes. A coleta de dados aconteceu na Universidade do Estado da Bahia (UNEB), com sete participantes de nível intermediário de Inglês como LE. Dois tipos de testes foram aplicados (um teste de leitura de sentenças e um teste de descrição de imagens) com a intenção de ver se o tipo de teste afeta de alguma forma a produção. Além desses, um questionário e um teste de proficiência foram aplicados, os quais puderam contribuir para a interpretação dos resultados. Os participantes foram gravados enquanto liam as 24 sentenças contendo /s/-clusters no teste de leitura de sentenças e enquanto descreviam imagens no teste de descrição de imagens. No presente estudo, quatro tipos diferentes de cluster (/sp/, /spr/, /st/ e /str/), em três diferentes contextos antecedentes, foram levados em consideração para que fosse analisado o tipo de cluster e contexto mais difíceis. Os resultados desta pesquisa mostraram que o teste de leitura de sentenças teve taxas de ocorrência maiores de inserção vocálica que o teste de descrição de imagens e, aparentemente, os participantes tiveram mais dificuldade com clusters de três membros e quando o contexto precedente às clusters era de vogal. Outra observação importante é em relação à natureza da vogal protética que os participantes produziram em ambos os testes. Considerando o valor de F1, o qual se refere à altura da língua e o valor de F2, o qual está relacionado à retração da língua (Yavas, 2011), os participantes produziram uma vogal protética similar ao /i/ do inglês e do português brasileiro no que diz respeito à altura, porém com a língua mais retraída, semelhante ao /I/ do inglês uma vogal protética de natureza híbrida. Considerando os resultados do presente estudo, podemos dizer que /s/-clusters do inglês levam a dificuldades de pronúncia que deveriam ser discutidas e praticadas em sala de aula de língua inglesa, a fim de melhorar a produção oral de brasileiros aprendizes do inglês.

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Morgart, Arianna Paige. "Lexical access in aphasia: impacts of phonological neighborhood density on accuracy of word production." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1704.

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Verbal communication relies heavily on the ability to effortlessly produce intended words to express a meaning. This capacity is frequently impaired in individuals with aphasia, and impairment often lasts well into the chronic stages. However, the nature of anomia can vary. Phonological neighborhood density (PND) is one feature of words which has been shown to impact the ease of retrieval in speakers with aphasia; words with more similar-sounding neighbors are easier to retrieve because the neighbors help activate the target. However, it is unclear how different types of lexical access breakdowns affect the impact of PND. The aim of this project was to analyze the relationship between word retrieval accuracy, speech error patterns, and PND in individuals with aphasia. Twenty-two participants with various types and severities of aphasia named 200 single-syllable line drawings. WebFit, an online software program designed to fit naming data to a theoretical model of word retrieval, was used to characterize participants' error patterns by calculating the strength of connections within the lexicon, as well as the rate of decay. Analyses confirmed previous findings that participants with all types of breakdown achieved lower rates of overall accuracy. Weaker connections between semantic knowledge and words resulted in a more errors that were close to the target, relative to errors with no relationship to the target. Individuals with more severe impairments of the semantic-lexical connections and the lexical-phonological connections produced words with many neighbors more accurately than words with fewer neighbors. Implications for initial therapy target selection and directions for further research are discussed.

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Romanini, Adriana. "The Influence of Production Accuracy on Suprasegmental Listening Comprehension." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2008. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1586.

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One of the major questions in second language (L2) phonological learning is whether perception precedes (and therefore guides) production. This question is important for knowing what types of training most benefit L2 learners. While most theories assume that perception always precedes production (e.g., Best, 1995; Flege, 1995), several recent studies have found that production may precede perception (e.g., Baker & Trofimovich, 2006; Beach, Brunham, & Kitamura, 2001; Goto, 1971; Sheldon & Strange, 1982; Underbakke, 1993), demonstrating that this complex relationship may differ depending on how and when the L2 is learned. The current study seeks to further explore this relationship by examining how perception and production influence each other on the suprasegmental (i.e., primary word stress) level. While many studies have examined whether perceptual training can influence production accuracy of suprasegmentals, little to no research has examined whether the opposite is true. Thus the goal of this study was to examine whether ESL learners who were trained in suprasegmental pronunciation accuracy improved in listening and speaking more than similar students who were trained in perception accuracy. Comparisons of pre- and post-tests suggest that focusing on accurate production improves not only production accuracy, but also listening comprehension more than does training in listening comprehension. These results enlighten our understanding of how perception and production influence each other, and may underscore the importance of providing bottom-up pronunciation skills for improving L2 phonological learning.

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Loughran, Sarah Patricia, and n/a. "The efffects of eletromagnetic fields emitted by mobile phones on human sleep and melatonin production." Swinburne University of Technology, 2007. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20070731.100218.

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The use of mobile phones is continually increasing throughout the world, with recent figures showing that there are currently more than 2 billion mobile phone users worldwide. However, despite the recognised benefits of the introduction and widespread use of mobile phone technologies, concerns regarding the potential health effects of exposure to the radiofrequency electromagnetic fields emitted by mobile phone handsets have similarly increased, leading to an increase in demand for scientific research to investigate the possibility of health effects related to the use of mobile phones. An increasing amount of radiofrequency bioeffects research related to mobile phone use has focussed on the possible effects of mobile phone exposure on human brain activity and function, particularly as the absorption of energy in the head and brain region is much higher than in other body regions, which is a direct result from the close proximity of the mobile phone to the head when in normal use. In particular, the use of sleep research has become a more widely used technique for assessing the possible effects of mobile phones on human health and wellbeing, and is particularly useful for providing important information in the establishment of possible radiofrequency bioeffects, especially in the investigation of potential changes in sleep architecture resulting from mobile phone use. A review of the previous literature showed that a number of studies have reported an increase in the electroencephalogram spectral power within the 8 � 14 Hz frequency range in both awake and sleep states following radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure. In regards to sleep, the enhancements reported have not been entirely consistent, with some early studies failing to find an effect, while more recent studies have reported that the effect differs in terms of particular frequency range. However, in general the previous literature suggests that there is an effect of mobile phone emissions on the sleep electroencephalogram, particularly in the frequency range of sleep spindle activity. In addition to changes in spectral power, changes in other conventional sleep parameters and the production and secretion of melatonin have also been investigated, however, there has been little or no consistency in the findings of previous studies, with the majority of recent studies concluding that there is no influence of mobile phone radiofrequency fields on these parameters of sleep or melatonin. Following a detailed review of the previous research, the current study was developed with the aim to improve on previous methodological and statistical limitations, whilst also being the largest study to investigate mobile phone radiofrequency bioeffects on human sleep. The principle aims were thus to test for the immediate effects of mobile phone radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on human sleep architecture and the secretion of the pineal hormone, melatonin. The experiment included 50 participants who were randomly exposed to active and sham mobile phone exposure conditions (one week apart) for 30 minutes prior to a full night-time sleep episode. The experimental nights employed a randomised exposure schedule using a double-blind crossover design. Standard polysomnography was used to measure subsequent sleep, and in addition, participants were required to provide urine samples immediately following exposure and upon waking in the morning. A full dosimetric assessment of the exposure system was also performed in order to provide sufficient details of the exposure set-up used in the current thesis and to account for the lack of detailed dosimetric data provided in the majority of previous studies. The results of the current study suggest that acute exposure to a mobile phone prior to sleep significantly enhances electroencephalogram spectral power in the sleep spindle frequency range compared to the sham exposure condition. The current results also suggest that this mobile phone-induced enhancement in spectral power is largely transitory and does not linger throughout the night. Furthermore, a reduction in rapid eye movement sleep latency following mobile phone exposure was also found compared to the sham exposure, although interestingly, neither this change in rapid eye movement sleep latency or the enhancement in spectral power following mobile phone exposure, led to changes in the overall quality of sleep. Finally, the results regarding melatonin suggested that, overall, overnight melatonin secretion is unaffected by acute exposure to a mobile phone prior to sleep. In conclusion, the current study has confirmed that a short exposure to the radiofrequency electromagnetic fields emitted by a mobile phone handset immediately prior to sleep is sufficient to induce changes in brain activity in the initial part of sleep. The consequences or functional significance of this effect are currently unknown and it would be premature to draw conclusions about possible health consequences based on the findings of the current study.

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Moat, Helen Susannah. "Modelling subphonemic information flow : an investigation and extension of Dell's (1986) model of word production." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6204.

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Dell (1986) presented a spreading activation model which accounted for a number of early speech error results, including the relative proportions of anticipations, perseverations and exchanges found in speech error corpora, the lexical bias effect, the phonological similarity effect, and the effect of speech rate on error rate. This model has had an immense influence on the past 20 years of research into word production, with the original paper being cited over 1,000 times. Many studies have questioned how activation should flow between words and phonemes in this model. This thesis aimed to clarify what current speech error evidence tells us about how activation flows between phonemes and subphonemic representations, like features. Does activation cascade from phonemes to features, and does it feed back? The work presented here extends previous modelling investigations in two ways. Firstly, whereas previous modelling research has tended to evaluate model behaviour using arbitrarily chosen parameter settings, we illuminate the influence of the parameters on model behaviour and propose methods to draw general conclusions about model behaviour from large numbers of simulations at orthogonally varied parameter settings. Secondly, we extend the scope of the simulations to consider output at a subphonemic level, modelling recent data acquired via acoustic and articulatory measurements, such as voicing onset time (VOT), electropalatography (EPG) and ultrasound, alongside older transcribed speech error data. Throughout the thesis, we consider whether parameter settings which lead the model to capture individual results also permit other results to be accounted for and do not cause otherwise implausible behaviour. Through manipulating parameter settings in Dell's (1986) original model, we find that increasing the number of steps before selection generally does not decrease the error rate, but rather increases it, contrary to results reported by Dell (1986). This calls into question the claim that an increase in steps before selection provides a good model of a slower speech rate. We also demonstrate that the model captures the negative correlation reported by Dell, Burger, and Svec (1997) between error rate and the ratio of anticipations to perseverations, and further predicts that there should be a negative correlation between this ratio and the proportion of errors which are non-contextual. However, our results show that no parameter setting allows the model to generate enough exchanges to match even minimum estimates from a reanalysis of multiple speech error corpus reports, without falling foul of other constraints; in particular, limits on the overall number of errors generated. We suggest that the exchange completion triggering mechanism proposed by Dell (1986) is not strong enough, and that current corpus evidence provides little support for his account of word sequencing. Focusing on single word production therefore, the second part of the thesis investigates behaviour of models with output at a subphonemic level. We find that, provided sufficient contextual errors occur at the featural level, a model in which only the identity of the selected phoneme is conveyed to the featural level can account for: (i) the phonological similarity effect found in transcribed records of speech errors (whereas in models with output at the phoneme level, feedback from features to phonemes is required); (ii) detectable influences of intended phonemes in VOT measurements of unintended phonemes, as well as the effect of error outcome lexicality on these results ( findings presented in support of cascading from phonemes by Goldrick & Blumstein, 2006); and (iii) increased similarity of EPG measurements of articulations to reference measurements of competing articulations when production of the competing onset would result in a word (McMillan, Corley, & Lickley, 2009). Initial results appear to con firm however that, in contrast, phonological similarity effects on the relationship of articulatory and acoustic measurements of productions to reference measurements (McMillan, 2008) can only be accounted for in an architecture with feedback from features to phonemes. To strengthen conclusions about articulatory evidence of lexical bias and phonological similarity effects, future work needs to consider the extremely strong effects of frequency observed in these simulations. The results presented in this thesis contribute to a greater comprehension of the behaviour of Dell's (1986) influential model, and further demonstrate that the model can be extended to account for new instrumental evidence, whilst clarifying the constraints on activation flow between phonemes and features which this new evidence imposes.

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Samoukova, Galina. "Word production in Russian : an examination of nonce words, borrowings, child language, and folk etymology /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7169.

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Silveira, Rosane. "The influence of pronunciation instruction on the perception and production of english word-final consonants." Florianópolis, SC, 2004. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/87379.

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Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras/Inglês e Literatura Correspondente. Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-21T19:08:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 203639.pdf: 9561309 bytes, checksum: 90747c4aef4297723504334cd23af8f1 (MD5) Esta pesquisa investiga o papel desempenhado pelo ensino da pronúncia na aquisição de consoantes do inglês em posição de final de palavra por alunos brasileiros, em estágio inicial na aprendizagem da língua inglesa. Também são investigados vários fatores que a área da interfonologia aponta como sendo relevantes para a aquisição do sistema fonológico: (a) os diferentes padrões silábicos da L1 e da L2, (b) relações de marcação (e.g., vozeamento, sonoridade, ponto de articulação), (c) ortografia e (d) ambiente fonológico. Além disso, o presente estudo considera o papel da freqüência vocabular, do efeito da ordem de testagem e de algumas variáveis relacionadas a diferenças individuais, bem como os efeitos do ensino da pronúncia na aprendizagem dos demais componentes do curso de inglês. Dois grupos de alunos brasileiros matriculados nos cursos Extracurriculares de Inglês (nível 1) da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina participaram da pesquisa. Um grupo de 10 alunos (grupo de controle) e outro de 12 (grupo experimental) foram selecionados. O grupo experimental recebeu instrução baseada no manual de pronúncia desenvolvido para a presente pesquisa, enquanto o grupo de controle não recebeu qualquer tipo de instrução relacionada ao conteúdo focalizado pela pesquisa. As aulas para os grupos experimental e de controle foram lecionadas pela pesquisadora. A pesquisa inclui pré-testes, um período de instrução e pós-testes. Para o período de instrução, desenvolveu-se um manual de pronúncia contendo atividades que têm como objetivo minimizar a produção de uma vogal epentética na produção de consoantes em final de palavra. Para o desenvolvimento do manual de pronúncia, foi utilizado o esquema proposto por Celce-Murcia, Goodwin and Brinton (1996). Os pré e pós-testes consistiram de (a) um teste de produção no qual os participantes gravaram frases curtas contendo uma palavra-alvo e (b) um teste de discriminação categórica no qual os participantes tinham de distinguir entre os padrões silábicos CV e CVC. Os demais instrumentos usados para coletar os dados foram (c) um questionário utilizado para fazer um levantamento de dados biográficos e da experiência com a aprendizagem do Inglês; (d) o manual de pronúncia; (e) um questionário para a avaliação do material e dos procedimentos para o ensino da pronúncia e (f) duas provas escritas, usadas como instrumento de avaliação do desempenho dos alunos no curso de inglês. Os resultados indicam que o ensino da pronúncia auxiliou significativamente a aquisição das consoantes em final de palavras do inglês no que diz respeito à produção das mesmas, mas não à sua percepção. Testes estatísticos também mostraram que as variáveis ortografia, freqüência vocabular e ambiente fonológico influenciaram a aquisição das consoantes testadas. Por outro lado, o ensino de pronúncia não interferiu na aprendizagem dos conteúdos do curso de inglês, como mostra a análise das provas escritas dos participantes dos grupos experimental e de controle.

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Elgie, Benjamin. "Activation of word-level speech production regions during suprasegmental speech perception differs by modality and task." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=104890.

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This study addresses recent ideas regarding the contribution of motor and frontal brain regions, traditionally engaged during speech production, to speech perception. Using an fMRI experiment concerned with word-level speech production and perception, the overlap between perception and production was investigated using a functional mask derived from a conjunction analysis of that experiment's word production tasks. This same mask was used to analyse activity during multi-modal sentence-level speech perception in another experiment. Common activity was found between word production and word perception, but not between word production and the more complex sentence-level speech perception tasks. Contrary to certain claims, visual speech perception did not lead to increased activation of speech production regions. Whole-brain analyses of the sentence-level experiment revealed complex differences between modality- and task-specific regions in frontal, temporal, and occipital regions. Activation in this experiment was clearly influenced by inherent demands of the speech level, task, and modality. Results are discussed in light of the task demands of both experiments, as well as their implication for current understanding of motor/frontal contributions to speech perception. Cette étude s'appuie sur de récentes hypothèses concernant la contribution en perception de la parole des aires cérébrales motrices et frontales, traditionnellement recrutées lors de la production de la parole. La création d'un masque fonctionnel calculé à partir des données d'une étude en imagerie par résonance magnétique fonctionelle (IRMf) portant sur la perception et la production de mots nous a permis de rechercher une éventuelle superposition entre la perception et la production de la parole. Ce masque a été à nouveau utilisé pour analyser d'éventuelles activations pendant une tâche de perception de phrases multi-modales issue d'une autre expérience d'IRMf. Des activités communes à la production et à la perception de mots, mais pas entre la production de mots et la production plus complexe de phrases, ont été mises en évidence. Contrairement à certaines affirmations, la perception visuelle de la parole n'a pas entraîné d'augmentation des activations dans les régions dédiées à la production de la parole. Des analyses de l'ensemble du cerveau lors de la perception et de la production des phrases ont révélé des différences complexes entre les régions spécifiques de la tâche ou de la modalité dans des aires frontales, temporales et occipitales. La modalité, la tâche et le niveau de complexité de la parole ont clairement influencé les activations observées lors de cette expérience. Les résultats obtenus sont discutés en regard des demandes spécifiques dues aux tâches et aux expériences menées ainsi que de la compréhension actuelle des contributions motrices/frontales lors de la perception de la parole.

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Hutson, James. "Exploring the nature of lexical selection in spoken word production : competition and the response exclusion hypothesis." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.664625.

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The manner in which we select and retrieve words from semantic memory had, until recently, been widely accepted to involve competitive processing. Response exclusion hypothesis (REH) has instead argued that processing is non-competitive and that the main source of evidence for co~petition, picture-word interference, reflects post-lexical processing. The work presented in this thesis examined the supportive evidence and the viability of the conceptual claims it has been used to support. Chapter 2 focussed on the effect of manipulating the frequency of written distractor words on the naming speed of concurrently . presented target pictures. Three experiments provided evidence that frequency effects emerge in manual, button-press responses in addition to vocal naming, providing evidence against the involvement· of articulatory processing in the effect. Chapter 3 sought to resolve conflicting findings regarding the semantic gradient' in related picture-word stimuli. Two previous experiments that presented closely related (e.g., horse-zebra) and distantly related (e.g., horse-whale) target-distractor combinations were replicated. While both experiments identified clear categorical interference effects, neither provided clear support for a gradient related to semantic distance. Chapter 4 investigated the effect of presenting distractor words briefly (23ms-84ms), under masked conditions. Previous findings suggested that masking distractor words leads to facilitation (rather than inhibition), which had been interpreted as support for REH. Three experiments investigated a range of distractor presentation durations with the aim of defining the boundaries of these effects but found no facilitatory effects. Finally, Chapter 5 used a novel target-distractor manipulation to test the locus of inhibitory picture-word effects. Findings suggested that distractor words (e.g., stable) which were related to targets (e.g., "cat") via mediating items from the same category (e.g., horse) resulted in interference. It was argued that this finding is not easily accommodated by REH and instead can be accounted for more easily if competitive lexical selection is assumed.

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Baron, Rachel. "The relationship between repetition and spoken naming : single and dual-route models of spoken word production." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.398977.

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Boukadi, Mariem. "Lexical selection in spoken word production among Arabic-French bilinguals : a language-specific or nonspecific process?" Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25390.

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Tableau d'honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdorales, 2014-2015 L’objectif principal de ce mémoire est d’étudier la nature du processus de sélection lexicale chez des bilingues tardifs modérément compétents et locuteurs de deux langues lexicalement distantes : l’Arabe tunisien (AT) et le Français. Dans un premier temps, une base de données psycholinguistique en AT a été créée aux fins du contrôle convenable de variables psycholinguistiques dans la sélection des stimuli en AT. Cette première étude avait aussi pour but de mettre à disposition des chercheurs intéressés par le traitement du langage en Arabe une ressource psycholinguistique nécessaire. Dans la deuxième et principale étude, des bilingues AT-Français ont effectué une tâche d’interférence image-mot dans deux contextes expérimentaux différentes : unilingue (Expérience 1) ou bilingue (Expérience 2). Nos résultats suggèrent que le traitement lexical chez les bilingues est dynamique et modulé par un nombre de facteurs incluant, mais non limités à, la compétence langagière et le contexte langagier de l’expérimentation. The main aim of this master’s thesis was to investigate the nature of the lexical selection process among late moderately proficient bilinguals whose two languages are lexically distant: Tunisian Arabic (TA) and French. As a first step, a psycholinguistic normative database in TA was created to enable proper control of several psycholinguistic variables in the selection of TA stimuli. This first study also aimed to provide researchers interested in Arabic language processing with a much-needed psycholinguistic resource for a spoken variety of Arabic. In the second and main study, TA-French moderately proficient bilinguals performed a picture-word interference task in two different language settings: monolingual (Experiment 1) and bilingual (Experiment 2). Our findings suggest that bilingual lexical processing is dynamic and modulated by a variety of factors including, but not limited to, language proficiency and experimental language setting.

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Pinkerton, Susan A. "The assessment of phonological processes : a comparison of connected-speech samples and single-word production tests." PDXScholar, 1990. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4191.

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The purpose of this study was to determine if single-word elicitation procedures used in the assessment of phonological processes would have highly similar results to those obtained through connected speech. Connected speech sampling provides a medium for natural production with coarticulatory influence, but can be time-consuming and impractical for clinicians maintaining heavy caseloads or working with highly unintelligible children. Elicitation through single words requires less time than a connected-speech sample and may be more effective with highly unintelligible children because the context is known, but it lacks the influence of surrounding words. Given the inherent differences between these two methods of elicitation, knowledge of the relative effectiveness of single-word and connected-speech sampling may become an issue for clinicians operating under severe time constraints and requiring an efficient and effective means of assessing phonological processes.

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Serrander, Ulrika. "Bilingual lexical processing in single word production : Swedish learners of Spanish and the effects of L2 immersion." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik och filologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-143614.

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Bilingual speakers cannot suppress activation from their dominant language while naming pictures in a foreign and less dominant language. Previous research has revealed that this cross-langauge activation is manifested through phonological facilitation, semantic interference and between language competition. However, this research is based exclusively on highly proficient bilinguals. The present study investigates cross-linguistic activation in Swedish learners of Spanish, grouped according to their length of Spanish immersion, and one of the groups is in its very inital stages of learning. Participants named pictures in Spanish in two picture-word interference experiments, one with only non-cognates, and one including cognates. This study addresses the following research questions; (1) do the two groups of participants differ significantly from one another in terms of cross-linguistic activation, (2) what does cross-language activation look like in initial stages of L2 acquisition, (3) how does cognate status affect cross-linguistic activation and does this differ between participants depending on length of immersion? The experiments show that cross-linguistic influence is dependent on length of immersion. The more immersed participants performed very similarly to what is usually the case in highly proficient bilinguals while the less immersed participants did not. The results of the less immersed participants are interpreted as manifestations of lexical processing in initial stages of L2 acquisition. Since this type of learner has never been tested before, there are no previous results to compare to. The results are discussed in relation to the large tradition of offline research which has shown that beginning learners predominantly process their L2 phonologically, and that conceptual processing is something requiring more L2 development. Furthermore, the cognate word induced longer naming latencies in all participants and it turned out that the cognate words were highly unfamiliar. Hence all participants are sensitive to word frequency effects, and this sensitive is greater in early stages of learning. Finally this study suggests that more research must be conducted to establish cross-linguistic influence between the many languages of multi-lingual subjects, even when these languages may not be present in the testing situation.

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Chan, Pik-ha, and 陳碧霞. "An investigation into the perception (and production) of English word-initial consonants by native speakers of Cantonese." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3194498X.

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BARROS, KELLY CRISTINA GONCALVES. "THE PRESENCE OF PORTUGUESE IN THE WRITTEN PRODUCTION OF THE ENGLISH LEARNER: A STUDY ON WORD USAGE." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2006. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=8756@1.

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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR A presente pesquisa se debruça sobre a produção escrita de aprendizes de inglês como língua estrangeira no Brasil. Analisam-se redações produzidas por alunos de nível intermediário e avançado, com foco em construções cuja inadequação pode ser especificamente associada o emprego do vocabulário. O objetivo geral da pesquisa é investigar a interferência do português no aprendizado do inglês como LE, com foco no emprego lexical, em modalidade escrita. Seu objetivo mais específico é testar a hipótese de que o caráter não isomórfico das relações de sentido entre línguas diferentes, no caso deste estudo, o português e o inglês, tem relação com a incidência de problemas de emprego lexical encontrados em redações de aprendizes de inglês como LE. Os resultados da análise, empreendida sobretudo com base nas proposições de Cruse (1986), Lyons (1990) e Saeed (2003), contribuem para confirmar a hipótese testada, demonstrando que os problemas lexicais em exame podem ser associados à interferência da língua materna e, mais especificamente, a discrepâncias nas relações de sentido entre o português e o inglês. This study aims at the written production of students of English as a foreign language in Brazil. Compositions of intermediate and advanced students are analyzed with a special focus on constructions whose inadequacies may be specifically associated to vocabulary usage. The general goal of the research is to investigate the interference of Portuguese in the acquisition of English as a foreign language, with a special emphasis on lexical usage in the written modality. Its specific objective is to test the hypothesis that the non isomorphic character of sense relations between different languages − in the case of this study, Portuguese and English − is related to the incidence of lexical problems encountered in compositions of students of English as a foreign language. The results of the analysis, which was mainly grounded on the propositions of Cruse (1986), Lyons (1990) and Saeed (2003), contribute to confirm this hypothesis, demonstrating that the lexical problems being scrutinized can be associated with mother tongue interference, and, more specifically, with the discrepancies in the sense relations between Portuguese and English.

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Pik-ha, Chan. "An investigation into the perception (and production) of English word-initial consonants by native speakers of Cantonese." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21161082.

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Ribeiro, Thais Sada. "Acoustic correlates of word stress production in the connected speech of american english and brazilian portuguese speakers." Florianópolis, SC, 2006. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/89540.

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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras/Inglês e Literatura Correspondente. Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-22T22:48:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 241386.pdf: 235440 bytes, checksum: 8e0526a24435203c9e6a01d3971d1684 (MD5) Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar os correlatos acústicos do acento tônico na fala conectada de três brasileiras e três americanas. Após os sujeitos gravarem um texto informativo, dois falantes bilíngües delimitaram os acentos tônicos produzidos. Vogais tônicas, pré-tônicas e pós-tônicas foram então medidas quanto a sua duração, pico de F0 e pico de intensidade. Unidades acústicas foram a seguir transformadas em unidades perceptuais, a fim de que diferenças estatísticas significativas pudessem ser classificadas como perceptíveis ou imperceptíveis. Resultados significativos e perceptíveis foram classificados como ocasionais, recorrentes ou consistentes, conforme sua coincidência com os resultados de um, dois ou três falantes por grupo. Apenas resultados consistentes e recorrentes foram considerados como resultados representativos de cada grupo. De acordo com estes critérios, a duração foi o único correlato acústico significativo e perceptível do acento tônico para ambos os grupos de falantes. Enquanto as vogais tônicas se mostraram mais longas do que as pré-tônicas para o grupo de americanas, para o grupo de brasileiras as vogais tônicas se mostraram mais longas do que as pós-tônicas. Nenhuma diferença significativa e perceptível entre os dois grupos foi encontrada quanto à duração das vogais tônicas, pré-tônicas ou pós-tônicas produzidas.

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Bessaa, Hamid. "L’activité de production verbale écrite : effets des outils de production." Thesis, Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080094.

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La production verbale écrite constitue un vaste champ d’investigation pour les sciences cognitives. A l’heure où il est demandé de plus en plus tôt de savoir produire avec les outils numériques de production verbale écrite (clavier d’ordinateur et tablette tactile), l’utilisation de ces outils nécessite d’être étudiée. Nous proposons d’examiner les effets de trois outils sur la production (stylo numérique, clavier et tablette tactile). Pour ce faire, nous avons réalisé quatre études : la première porte sur la production orthographique en condition de dictée ; la deuxième s’intéresse à la copie de mots ; la troisième concerne la reproduction de phrases ; la quatrième aborde la production de textes.Nos analyses montrent que la variable outil de production a une grande importance lors de la production verbale écrite de mots, de phrases ainsi que sur la production de textes. Nous avons pu mettre en évidence l’effet de ces outils sur les temps de production, le nombre d’erreurs, la récupération d’information, le débit et la qualité des textes produits. Nos recherches ouvrent des perspectives nouvelles tant sur le plan méthodologique que sur le plan théorique. En effet, l’outil de production est une variable qu’il faut prendre en compte dans l’étude de la production verbale écrite Written verbal production is a vast field of investigation for cognitive sciences. At a time when it is asked at an increasingly early age to know how to produce with the digital tools of written verbal production (computer keyboard and touch tablet), the use of these tools needs to be studied. We propose to examine the effects of three tools on production (digital pen, keyboard and touch pad). To do so, we conducted four studies: the first deals with orthographic production in dictation condition; the second is about copying words; the third concerns the reproduction of sentences; the fourth deals with the production of texts.Our analyzes show that the variable production tool is of great importance in the verbal production of words, phrases and the production of texts. We have been able to highlight an effect of these tools on production times, the number of errors, the retrieval of information, the throughput and the quality of the texts produced. Our research opens up new perspectives both from a methodological and a theoretical point of view. Indeed, the tool of production is a variable that must be taken into account in the study of written verbal production

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Schadech, Thaís Suzana. "The production of word-initial /.I/ by brazilian learners of english and the issues of comprehensibility and intelligibility." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2013. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/handle/123456789/103510.

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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras/Inglês e Literatura Correspondente, Florianópolis, 2013 Made available in DSpace on 2013-07-16T21:04:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 316556.pdf: 3955966 bytes, checksum: bd0274272898884405222a43740443f9 (MD5) Os róticos do Português Brasileiro (BP) possuem várias variações, o que às vezes induz os brasileiros a transferir a pronúncia dos róticos do PB para o inglês, principalmente nos estágios iniciais de aprendizado (Osborne, 2008). Tal processo geralmente resulta em produções não-padrão dos róticos e, de forma a ajudar os brasileiros a serem bem sucedidos na comunicação com outros falantes não nativos, bem como falantes nativos do inglês, é de suma importância investigar quais produções não-padrão realmente dificultam a inteligibilidade e a compreensibilidade. Os conceitos de inteligibilidade e compreensibilidade são dimensões diferentes do uso da língua que se complementam (Munro, Derwing, & Morton, 2006). Enquanto a inteligibilidade se refere ao que o ouvinte foi capaz de entender, a compreensibilidade avalia o nível de dificuldade que os mesmos tiveram em entender as amostras de fala (Munro, Derwing & Morton, 2006). Ambas as dimensões podem ser afetadas por variáveis, tais como o nível de proficiência do ouvinte e a sua familiaridade com a primeira língua do falante e/ou sotaque, entre outros fatores. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar como as produções não-padrão dos brasileiros afetam a inteligibilidade e a compreensibilidade quando ouvidos por outros brasileiros e por falantes nativos de inglês. Para atingir este objetivo, amostras obtidas a partir da leitura de frases foram gravadas por brasileiros falantes de inglês e por um falante nativo de inglês. Algumas das gravações que continham produções padrão e não-padrão de quatro palavras com /ä/ em posição inicial foram apresentadas a 2 grupos de brasileiros e 1 grupo de falantes nativos de inglês. Os resultados sugerem que a substituição do /ä/ por /h/ dificultou a inteligibilidade e a compreensibilidade. No entanto, devido às limitações da pesquisa, mais estudos precisam ser conduzidos para confirmar os resultados relatados nesta dissertação. Brazilian Portuguese (BP) rhotics have many variations, and Brazilians sometimes transfer the rhotics from BP to English when learning this language, mainly in the early stages of acquisition (Osborne, 2008). This process results in non-target productions of the rhotics, and in order to help Brazilians to succeed when communicating with other non-native (NNS) and native speakers of English (NSE), it is important to investigate which non-target productions really hinder intelligibility and comprehensibility. The concepts of intelligibility and comprehensibility are different dimensions of language use that complement each other (Munro, Derwing, & Morton, 2006). While intelligibility refers to what the listeners actually understood, comprehensibility assesses the level of difficulty faced by the listeners to understand speech samples (Munro, Derwing, & Morton, 2006). Both dimensions can be affected by variables such as the listener's familiarity with the speaker's first language and/or accent, and the listener's level of proficiency, among other factors. The objective of this study was to investigate how Brazilians' non-target productions of /ä/ affect intelligibility and comprehensibility when they are heard by other Brazilians and NSE. In order to achieve this objective, reading samples were recorded by BP speakers of English as a second language and a NSE. Some of the recordings containing target and non-target productions of 4 words beginning with /ä/ were then presented to 2 groups of Brazilians and 1 group of NSE. Overall, results suggest that the replacement of /ä/ with /h/ hindered intelligibility and comprehensibility. Due to research limitations, however, more studies need to be conducted so as to confirm the results reported in this thesis

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Bomtempo, Denise Cristina. "Dinâmica territorial, atividade industrial e cidade média : as interações espaciais e os circuitos espaciais da produção das indústrias alimentícias de consumo final instaladas na cidade de Marília - SP /." Presidente Prudente : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105059.

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Orientador: Eliseu Savério Sposito Banca: Sandra Lencioni Banca: Silvia Selingardi Sampaio Banca: Paulo Fernando Cirino Mourão Banca: Everaldo Santos Melazzo Resumo: Fazer a leitura do território, do ponto de vista do desenvolvimento das atividades econômicas, no período da globalização, é uma tarefa complexa. Novos paradigmas estão postos, novas dinâmicas são sentidas e novas configurações notadas. É preciso identificar os agentes, entender os processos e as relações que influenciam nas decisões, nas normatizações que (re) organizam, reestruturam e, portanto, usam o território. Neste contexto, apresentamos esta pesquisa, que tem como perspectiva a leitura das dinâmicas territoriais pela via da atividade industrial do ramo alimentício de consumo final na cidade de Marília/SP, no período da globalização. A metologia da pesquisa está estruturada em três eixos, são eles: leituras; levantamento, sistematização e mapeamento de dados secundários; pesquisa de campo (realização de entrevistas e aplicação de questionários). Tal análise se justifica, pois o ramo industrial alimentício de consumo final instalado nessa cidade teve sua origem atrelada à ação de agentes locais, anterior ao processo de desconcentração industrial, iniciado a partir da metrópole paulistana na década de 1970. No entanto, a partir desse período, devido à expansão das indústrias locais, grupos empresariais de capital nacional e transnacional foram atraídos para escala dessa cidade média. Assim, com o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, verificamos que Marília, por aglomerar empresas industriais de um mesmo ramo produtivo, complexificou e ampliou sua função na divisão territorial do trabalho e na rede urbana em que está inserida e mantém relações... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico baixo) Résumé: Faire la numérisation du territoire, du point de vue du développement des activités économiques, dans la période de la mondialisation, c'est une tâche complexe. De nouveaux paradigmes sont faites, de nouvelles dynamiques sont expérimentés et de nouveaux paramètres notés. Il faut identifier les agents, comprendre les processus et les relations qui influencent les décisions, dans les normes qui réorganisent, qui restructurent, et,donc, qui utilisent le territoire. Dans ce contexte, nous présentons cette recherche, qui a comme perspective la lecture des dynamiques territoriales par la voie de l'activité industrielle dans le secteur de consommation finale des aliments dans la ville de Marília-SP, dans la période de la mondialisation. La méthodologie de la recherche est structurée autour de trois axes, ils sont: les lectures; l'enquête, la cartographie systématique des données secondaires, la recherche de terrain (la réalisation d'entretiens et l'aplication de questionnaires). Telle analyse est justifiée, puisque le secteur industrielle de la consommation alimentaire finalement installé dans cette ville a eu son origine liée à l'action des agents locaux, avant le processus de déconcentration industriel, lancé à partir de la métropole de São Paulo dans les années 1970. Cependant, à partir de ce moment, en raison de l'expansion des industries locales, les groupes d'entreprises de capital national et transnational ont été attirés par cette moyenne échelle de la ville... (Résumé complet accès életronique cidessous) Abstract: Making the analysis, from the development of economical activities point of view, in times of globalization, is a complex task. There are new paradigms, new dynamics are felt and new configurations are noticed. It is needed to identify the agents, to understand the processes and relationships that have influence in the decisions and in the laws the (re)organize, restructure and, therefore, use the territory. In this context, we present this research, that has as perspective the analysis of territorial dynamics by the industrial activity of the final consumption nourishing field in the city of Marilia/SP, in the period of globalization. The methodology of the research is structured in three guidelines: analysis; survey, systematization and mapping secondary data; field research (realization of interviews and questionnaires). This analysis's reason is that the final consumption industry installed in this city has its origins related to the actions of local agents, preceding the industrial decentralization process that began in the metropolis of Sao Paulo in the decade of 1970. However, from then on, because of the local industry expansion, business groups with national and transnational were attracted by this medium-sized city. Then, with the development of this research, we verified that Marília, by concentrating industrial companies of the same productive field made more complex and extended its function in the territorial work division and in the urban network in which it is inserted and relates to... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) Doutor

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Lau, Wan Sheung Christine. "Comparisons on the production of word-final voiced obstruents in English by Hong Kong born students and Mandarin Chinese." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2004. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/565.

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