Relevant bibliographies by topics / EEG wave

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'EEG wave'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "EEG wave"

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Lim, Miranda, Christina Reynolds, Carolyn Jones, Sophia Lambert, Nadir Balba, Jonathan Elliott, and Yo-El Ju. "799 Automated Detection of Slow Wave Coherence in Sleep EEG: A potential neurophysiological correlate of cognitive decline." Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2021): A311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.796.

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Abstract Introduction A bidirectional relationship exists between sleep disruption and neuropathology in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) is a highly stereotyped, direct neurophysiological window into brain function; prior studies have identified abnormalities in EEG slow waves in early AD. EEG coherence across channels during sleep, a normally highly coherent brain state, could be an indicator of network coordination across brain regions. Accordingly, altered slow wave coherence during sleep may be an early indicator of cognitive decline. Methods EEG was collected during an attended overnight polysomnogram (PSG) from a community-based cohort of older subjects (n=44, average age = 71), approximately 25% of whom met criteria for mild cognitive impairment or early AD. Files were exported to EDF and a slow wave peak detector was implemented in MATLAB to count the number of slow wave oscillations, with automated artifact rejection, across 6 EEG leads standard for PSG (C3, C4, F3, F4, O1, and O2). Slow wave coherence was inferred when slow waves occurred in temporal synchrony across channels within 100 ms. Results Subjects with cognitive impairment showed significantly reduced total sleep time and time spent in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep compared to age-matched controls. EEG slow wave coherence was reliably quantified during wake, non-REM stages N1, N2, N3, and REM vigilance states as well as during transition periods between sleep stages. Using this algorithm, specific signatures of slow wave propagation during sleep were identified, including increased variability in slow wave activity and coherence, that appeared more prominent in subjects with impaired cognition. Conclusion EEG slow wave coherence during sleep and wake states can be calculated by applying automated algorithms to PSG data, and may be associated with cognitive impairment. Support (if any) NIH R01 AG059507
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Camfield, Peter, Kevin Gordon, Carol Camfield, John Tibbies, Joseph Dooley, and Bruce Smith. "EEG Results are Rarely the Same if Repeated within Six Months in Childhood Epilepsy." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 22, no. 4 (November 1995): 297–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100039512.

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AbstractObjectiveTo assess the reliability of interictal spike discharge in routine electroencephalography (EEG) testing in children.MethodEEG results of all children diagnosed in Nova Scotia with epilepsy onset between 1977–85 (excluding myoclonic, akinetic-atonic and absence) were reviewed. The results of the EEG at time of diagnosis (EEG1) were compared with those of a second EEG (EEG2) within 6 months.ResultsOf 504 children with epilepsy, 159 had both EEG1 and EEG2. EEG2 was more likely ordered if EEG1 was normal or showed focal slowing but less likely if EEG1 contained sleep (p < 0.05). EEG1 and EEG2 were both normal in 23%. If EEG1 was abnormal, there was a 40–70% discordance for the type of abnormality on EEG2. Abnormalities were present on both EEG1 and EEG2 in 67 cases. Of the 42/67 with major focal abnormalities on EEG1, 7 had only generalized spike wave on EEG2. Of the 17/67 with only generalized spike wave on EEG 1, 7 showed only major focal abnormalities on EEG2. Statistical testing showed low Kappa scores indicating low reliability.ConclusionsThe interictal EEG in childhood epilepsy appears to be an unstable test. A repeat EEG within 6 months of a first EEG may yield different and sometimes conflicting information.
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Bhuyan, Rimpy, Wasima Jahan, and Narayan Upadhyaya. "Interictal wave pattern study in EEG of epilepsy patients." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 5, no. 8 (July 26, 2017): 3378. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20173526.

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Background: EEG or Electroencephalogram is the most important diagnostic tool to detect Epilepsy. Interictal period is the time interval between two seizure episodes of an Epileptic patient. Certain wave patterns appear in the interictal period in the EEG which might predict the onset of a seizure or may give information about the last seizure attack. The aim of the study was to know how the interictal wave patterns help in diagnosing and classifying Epilepsy casesMethods: The present study was done in the Department of Physiology in association with the Department of Neurology, Assam Medical College and Hospital, Dibrugarh, Assam from June 2014 to May 2015. 113 clinically diagnosed cases of Epilepsy were studied and analyzed through Electro-encephalogram using the internationally accepted 10-20 electrode placement method. The interictal period was enquired in the history and the wave patterns that appeared in the EEG were recorded. The EEG findings were compared with the clinical diagnosis.Results: The IEDs detected were mainly of four types: Sharp waves, Spikes, Spike and wave and Polyspikes. It was found that the sharp waves (88.89%) were the predominant waveforms in the IEDs detected and this was followed by the ‘3 Hz spike and wave pattern’. It was also seen that the ‘3 Hz spike and wave pattern’ was associated with ‘Absence seizures’. And Myoclonic seizures were associated with polyspikes.Conclusions: It is hereby concluded that certain wave patterns in EEG appear in certain types of epilepsy that can be clinically correlated for proper diagnosis of epilepsy.
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Min, Wanli, and Gang Luo. "Medical Applications of EEG Wave Classification." CHANCE 22, no. 4 (September 2009): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09332480.2009.10722978.

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Min, Wanli, and Gang Luo. "Medical applications of EEG wave classification." CHANCE 22, no. 4 (December 2009): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00144-009-0037-7.

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Carlson, Chad. "EEG Wave of the Future: The Video-EEG and fMRI Suite?" Epilepsy Currents 13, no. 5 (September 2013): 205–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5698/1535-7597-13.5.205.

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Jaseja, Harinder, and Bhanu Jaseja. "EEG spike versus EEG sharp wave: Differential clinical significance in epilepsy." Epilepsy & Behavior 25, no. 1 (September 2012): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2012.05.023.

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Kuzmich, G. V., M. Yu Bobylova, K. Yu Mukhin, O. A. Pylaeva, L. Yu Glukhova, A. S. Bagdasaryan, and A. Yu Zakharova. "EEG findings in patients with angelman syndrome. Notched slow waves and age-specific characteristics of the main EEG patterns." Russian Journal of Child Neurology 16, no. 1-2 (July 30, 2021): 42–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17650/2073-8803-2021-16-1-2-42-57.

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Angelman syndrome (AS) is a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the maternal copy of the UBE3A gene and characterized by typical clinical manifestations (such as mental retardation, difficulty walking, and laughter) and specific changes on the electroencephalogram (EEG).The aim of this study was to analyze age-specific characteristics of the main EEG patterns, including high-amplitude frontal delta activity with spikes, slow-wave delta-theta activity with spikes in the posterior regions, and diffuse continuous rhythmic theta activity. In addition to that, we assessed the frequency of a rare and highly specific for AS EEG pattern: notched slow waves.We have identified and described additional criteria for EEG during sleep: high index of pathological slow-wave activity and the ratio of pathological slow-wave activity index to epileptiform activity index during sleep. We also analyzed all EEG patterns at the age most significant for the detection of this syndrome (up to 3 years) and their age-specific dynamics.We covered the frequency and characteristics of EEG patterns rare in AS patients, such as three-phase bifrontal delta waves, reactive pathological activity in the posterior areas, EEG patterns of focal seizures originating from the posterior areas, benign epileptiform discharges of childhood, and migrating continuous slow-wave activity.We analyzed the differences between main EEG patterns in AS and frontal and occipital intermittent rhythmic delta activity (fIRDA and OIRDA patterns).
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Nissen, Christoph, Bernd Feige, Eric A. Nofzinger, Ulrich Voderholzer, Mathias Berger, and Dieter Riemann. "EEG Slow Wave Activity Regulation in Major Depression. EEG-Slow-Wave-Aktivitat bei Patienten mit Major Depression." Somnologie 10, no. 2 (May 2006): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-054x.2006.00083.x.

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Ana-Maria, Ionescu, Dumitrescu Cătălin, Copaci Carmen, Iliescu Dan, Hangan Tony, and Bobe Alexandru. "Analysis and Detection of EEG Transient Waves During Sleep." ARS Medica Tomitana 24, no. 3 (November 1, 2018): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/arsm-2018-0025.

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Abstract Electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis consists of locating signal structtures in time and frequency. A detection method based on the Matching Pursuit Algorithms finds the suboptimal solution of the function optimal linear expansion over a redundant waveform dictionary. This paper has put forth a method for the automatic detection and analysis of transient waves during sleep based on the matching pursuit method with a real dictionary og Gabor functions. Each wave peak is described in terms of natural parameters. In this context, there have been confirmed several literature hypotheses regarding the spatial, temporal, and frequency distribution of transient waves during sleep, and their relationships with slow wave brain activity. Mastery and expertise in clinical EEG interpretation is one of the most desirable disgnostic clinical skills in interpreting seizures, epilepsy, sleep disorder, biomarkers for early disgnosis of Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease, and other neurocognitive studies.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "EEG wave"

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Ecsy, Katharina. "Analgesic effects of EEG alpha-wave entrainment on acute and chronic pain." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/analgesic-effects-of-eeg-alphawave-entrainment-on-acute-and-chronic-pain(5559b815-9b2b-48e5-9600-4456d9685c97).html.

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Pharmacological treatments for pain show limited analgesic benefits when compared with placebo. Neuro-modulatory approaches, such as mindfulness meditation and neurofeedback training show more promising effects, but are time consuming and difficult to complete. Neural entrainment provides an almost instantaneous increase in EEG power of the stimulated frequency, achieved with minimal effort through visual flicker stimuli or auditory binaural beats. EEG recorded alpha power displays a reproducible inverse relationship with pain perception. Hence, the main objective of this PhD thesis was to develop an analgesic alpha entrainment intervention: increasing alpha power with the aim to reduce the perception of acute pain in healthy volunteers and chronic pain patients. Prior to attempting to modulate pain, pilot work assessing the ability to entrain alpha power is reported in Chapter 3. A checkerboard stimulus was used to visually entrain frequencies across the alpha band from 7Hz – 14Hz, resulting in a significant power increase at 10Hz and 11Hz. With the goal to reduce behavioural and electrophysiological responses to a moderately painful stimulus, EEG alpha entrainment at 8Hz, 10Hz and 12Hz through auditory binaural beats (in Chapters 4 and 5), and visual flashing LED goggles (in Chapters 4, 6 and 7) was then attempted. A significant reduction of pain ratings was found following both the visual and the auditory alpha stimulation across all three frequencies in Chapters 4,5 and 6. Chapter 5 revealed a significant alpha power increase following 10Hz and 12Hz auditory stimulation. The laser-evoked potential’s (LEP) N2 peak reduced significantly following 10Hz auditory entrainment and the P2 peak reduced significantly across all auditory entrainment conditions. In Chapter 6, alpha power entrained significantly at 8Hz and 10Hz. The P2 peak reduced significantly following the 10Hz visual stimulation. Source analysis showed the precuneus and posterior cingulate cortex might mediate alpha entrainment-induced reductions in LEPs and pain ratings. The paradigm used in Chapter 6 was repeated in osteoarthritic patients in Chapter 7. Significant reductions in pain ratings were observed following all three alpha stimulation sessions, despite a lack of alpha power increase. A significantly reduced response in the P2 peak was also observed following the 12Hz visual stimulation. Decreases in P2 source activity in the posterior insula suggest a functional role in the reduction of pain intensity triggered by alpha stimulation. A significant reduction in the electrophysiological response and the perception of moderately painful stimuli can be achieved through visual or auditory entrainment across the alpha band range, in both healthy volunteers and osteoarthritic patients. The findings from this PhD thesis provide a solid foundation for further investigation of alpha based neuro-modulation as an analgesic intervention.
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Blatný, Michal. "Spektrální analýza EEG signálu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219237.

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Master’s thesis deal about electroencefalography, measurement EEG signals and analysis measuermed signals. Project contains two basis practical parts. Firts part contain two PC’s programs that’s are used to fundamental analysis to frequence-domain and visual display of brain mapping created with Matlab. Second chapter of practical parts includes two PC’s programs created with LabView. First of them is the EEG biofeedback making use for advanced analyses and second program is used to detection segment of stacionarity.
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Christ, Gregory J. "EEG slow wave sleep and slow wave activity in extended sleep with bright light induced phase shifts of core body temperature." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6571.

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In this study, the time courses of slow wave sleep (SWS) and EEG slow wave activity (SWA) were examined in relation to core body temperature (CBT) during extended sleep periods of 15 hours. This investigation examined the merits of a hypothetical 12-hour rhythm of SWS to: (1) confirm its existence; (2) see if it was reflected by the more objective measure of SWA (power spectral analysis); and (3) determine if there was any relationship between this 12-hour rhythm and the CBT rhythm. In Study 1, 7 subjects (age 18-22 years) slept in the laboratory for 3 consecutive nights (2 of 8 hours, then 1 of 15 hours). Rectal CBT was monitored during sleep periods. The main findings were that SWS and SWA both significantly increase in the final 3-hour block over the center 3-hour block, and that these late increases were not related to waking after sleep onset (WASO) or rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Five of the 7 subjects showed a return of SWA, which was defined by the maximum 15 minute running average in the last 5 hours exceeding the same measure for the previous 4 hours (about 2 sleep cycles with lower SWA). With CBT phase defined as the delay from sleep onset to CBT minimum, it was found that late SWS (in the last 3 hours), and magnitude of the SWA return had significant positive relationships to CBT phase. In Study 2, 3 subjects (age 19, 21, and 29) were studied for 4 series of 4 consecutive nights, with bedtime at 23:30h on all nights. Two series served as baseline (8HBL, and 6HBL). During one series (ML) CBT rhythm was phase advanced using morning bright light (7000-11000 lux, 6:00h-9:00h), and during another series (EL) CBT was delayed using evening bright light (20:00h-23:00h). Subjects were kept in dim light (250 lux) during these morning and evening periods for the 8HBL and 6HBL. A range of CBT phase to sleep timing combinations resulted, with ML always phase advanced relative to EL. CBT phase plotted against late SWS and SWA measures showed a positive association between CBT phase and timing of SWA return (except in one subject (#3)), and a smaller positive association to SWA in the last 3 hours (except in one subject (#1)). When data from Study 1 and the equivalent 8HBL of Study 2 were combined, SWS and SWA late in the sleep period were not significantly related to WASO or REM, and magnitude of the SWA return was statistically significant. There was also a significant relationship between CBT phase and late SWS, magnitude of SWA return, and timing of the SWA return, but not with SWA in the last 3 hours. The data were consistent with a 12-hour rhythm of SWS and SWA, in which the minor pole does not depend solely on WASO or REM, and is related in timing and magnitude to the CBT rhythm. Magnitude of both poles are likely influenced by prior amounts of waking, but the special conditions of extended sleep illustrate the association of the minor pole to the CBT rhythm.
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Taylor, Peter. "Development of compartment models of epileptic spike-wave discharges." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/development-of-compartment-models-of-epileptic-spikewave-discharges(4f6f4ff6-f5cd-451f-a806-39590b58468e).html.

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Background: Despite the so-called "generalised" nature of many epileptic seizures, patient specific spatio-temporal properties have been shown using imaging data at the macroscopic level of the cortex. Previous computational models have failed to account for spatial heterogeneities at the scale of the entire cortex. Furthermore, one of they key benefits of developing a model is the ability to easily test stimulation protocols. Previous studies of generalised spike-wave (the hallmark of absence epilepsy) have abstracted away from this.METHODSIn this work we develop a set of models of epileptic activity, one of which is at the scale of the entire cortex and incorporates anatomically relevant connectivity from human subjects. A similar model incorporating physiologically relevant thalamocortical circuitry is developed in order to test hypotheses regarding stimulation protocols.RESULTSWe show that the model can account for large-scale spatio-temporal dynamics similar to those seen in epileptic patients. We demonstrate, using the model of thalamocortical interaction, that such a modelling approach can be used for the evaluation of stimulation protocols which are shown to successfully abort the seizure prematurely.CONCLUSIONThis work highlights the importance of computational modelling to support existing data and to make specific predictions regarding testable hypotheses. For example, a stimulus given at the correct time with the correct amplitude will stop the seizure.
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Zhu, Jian. "THE EFFECTIVENESS OF BUPROPION SR ON DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS IN SMOKERS: SELF-REPORTS, EEG, AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES." OpenSIUC, 2015. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1096.

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Depressive disorders impose a significant mental health burden on individuals and our society. Among smokers there is a high comorbidity of depression/depressive symptoms (e.g., Glassman et al., 1998). Here the parietal EEG alpha asymmetry was used as a dimensional neuropsychological marker of depressive symptoms (i.e., the more depressed, the higher alpha power in the right vs. left parietal lobe during visuospatial tasks [Henriques & Davidson, 1997; Rabe et al, 2005]). Participants, all of whom were smokers and none of whom were clinically depressed, were randomly assigned to the Bupropion group (n = 30) or Placebo group (n = 80) in this double blind study. EEG data during the performance of a visuospatial task were collected prior to and after 14 days on bupropion or placebo capsules. It was found that bupropion significantly reduced the right parietal alpha power and parietal asymmetry whereas placebo did not. Self-reports on depressive symptoms with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were also collected but they did not change after bupropion treatment, suggesting that EEG measures are more sensitive to subtle/early bupropion’s antidepressant effects. Finally the close investigation of individual differences showed that positive (vs. negative) parietal asymmetry during pretreatment predicted greater benefits from bupropion treatment. The present study sheds light on the antidepressant mechanisms of bupropion and represents a valuable addition to the paucity of research on the effects of bupropion on brain activity with EEG measures in general.
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Cajochen, Christian Lorenz Anton. "Heart rate, submental EMG and core body temperature in relation to EEG slow-wave activity during human sleep : effect of light exposure and sleep deprivation /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1993. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=10384.

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Webb, Clare E. "Age-related changes in prefrontal cortex function : links between sleep EEG and cognition." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2011. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/8545.

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Healthy ageing has been found to be accompanied by changes in slow wave activity (SWA) and cognitive function. Furthermore, these changes have been seen predominantly in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) compared to other regions of the cortex. Current theories of cognitive ageing propose that this occurs due to a specified deterioration of neuronal substrates of the PFC, and as such, changes in SWA and cognitive function may decline at similar rates due to similar underlying aetiology. The main aim of the current thesis was to explore age-related differences in electroencephalographic (EEG) SWA during the first NREM period and cognitive performance that relies on the integrity of the PFC: executive function and social cognition. The extent to which executive function (reliant on dorsolateral PFC areas) and social cognitive function (reliant on ventromedial PFC regions) show similar age-related deterioration was investigated in Study 1. Here, 16 young (22.2 years) and 16 older (71.5 years) adults were administered with a cognitive testing battery including executive function measures: Verbal Fluency (VF) and Tower of London (TOL); as well as measures of social cognition: Go/No-go, Emotional Prosody and Ekman 60 Faces. Not all measures of PFC function were affected to the same extent. The older group performed significantly worse on the TOL, but not on the VF test. Additionally, simple aspects of social cognition did not display differences between the groups, but the older group performed significantly worse than the young group on more complex aspects of recognition of emotion from facial expression (Ekman 60 Faces) and Emotional Prosody. As most studies of cognitive ageing are cross-sectional and show large agerelated changes, the remainder of this thesis focused on age-related changes using a longitudinal design over a relatively small ageing period (mean = 6.29 years). The average age of participants at baseline was 67.1 years and the average age at follow-up was 73.4 years. In Study 2, in a sample of 11 participants, performance on executive function tests was measured (TOL, VF and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test: WCST). As found in the cross-sectional analyses reported in Study 1, the TOL task was found to be the most sensitive indicator of age-related changes, as this showed a decline with age; whereas, VF and WCST remained stable over time. Furthermore, in Study 3, localised SWA was recorded via EEG, and significant declines were found in low frequency delta (0.5 – 1 Hz), which was localised to the left frontal region.
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Kartsch, Morinigo Victor Javier. "Online Alpha Wave detector: an Embedded hardware-software implementation." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/11819/.

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The recent trend on embedded system development opens a new prospect for applications that in the past were not possible. The eye tracking for sleep and fatigue detection has become an important and useful application in industrial and automotive scenarios since fatigue is one of the most prevalent causes of earth-moving equipment accidents. Typical applications such as cameras, accelerometers and dermal analyzers are present on the market but have some inconvenient. This thesis project has used EEG signal, particularly, alpha waves, to overcome them by using an embedded software-hardware implementation to detect these signals in real time
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Aumann, Dominic [Verfasser]. "Comparative effects of anodal and cathodal slow oscillating transcranial direct current stimulation during slow wave sleep on EEG activity / Dominic Aumann." Lübeck : Zentrale Hochschulbibliothek Lübeck, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1084030128/34.

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Kitic, Srdan. "Cosparse regularization of physics-driven inverse problems." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S152/document.

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Les problèmes inverses liés à des processus physiques sont d'une grande importance dans la plupart des domaines liés au traitement du signal, tels que la tomographie, l'acoustique, les communications sans fil, le radar, l'imagerie médicale, pour n'en nommer que quelques uns. Dans le même temps, beaucoup de ces problèmes soulèvent des défis en raison de leur nature mal posée. Par ailleurs, les signaux émanant de phénomènes physiques sont souvent gouvernées par des lois s'exprimant sous la forme d'équations aux dérivées partielles (EDP) linéaires, ou, de manière équivalente, par des équations intégrales et leurs fonctions de Green associées. De plus, ces phénomènes sont habituellement induits par des singularités, apparaissant comme des sources ou des puits d'un champ vectoriel. Dans cette thèse, nous étudions en premier lieu le couplage entre de telles lois physiques et une hypothèse initiale de parcimonie des origines du phénomène physique. Ceci donne naissance à un concept de dualité des régularisations, formulées soit comme un problème d'analyse coparcimonieuse (menant à la représentation en EDP), soit comme une parcimonie à la synthèse équivalente à la précédente (lorsqu'on fait plutôt usage des fonctions de Green). Nous dédions une part significative de notre travail à la comparaison entre les approches de synthèse et d'analyse. Nous défendons l'idée qu'en dépit de leur équivalence formelle, leurs propriétés computationnelles sont très différentes. En effet, en raison de la parcimonie héritée par la version discrétisée de l'EDP (incarnée par l'opérateur d'analyse), l'approche coparcimonieuse passe bien plus favorablement à l'échelle que le problème équivalent régularisé par parcimonie à la synthèse. Nos constatations sont illustrées dans le cadre de deux applications : la localisation de sources acoustiques, et la localisation de sources de crises épileptiques à partir de signaux électro-encéphalographiques. Dans les deux cas, nous vérifions que l'approche coparcimonieuse démontre de meilleures capacités de passage à l'échelle, au point qu'elle permet même une interpolation complète du champ de pression dans le temps et en trois dimensions. De plus, dans le cas des sources acoustiques, l'optimisation fondée sur le modèle d'analyse \emph{bénéficie} d'une augmentation du nombre de données observées, ce qui débouche sur une accélération du temps de traitement, plus rapide que l'approche de synthèse dans des proportions de plusieurs ordres de grandeur. Nos simulations numériques montrent que les méthodes développées pour les deux applications sont compétitives face à des algorithmes de localisation constituant l'état de l'art. Pour finir, nous présentons deux méthodes fondées sur la parcimonie à l'analyse pour l'estimation aveugle de la célérité du son et de l'impédance acoustique, simultanément à l'interpolation du champ sonore. Ceci constitue une étape importante en direction de la mise en œuvre de nos méthodes en en situation réelle
Inverse problems related to physical processes are of great importance in practically every field related to signal processing, such as tomography, acoustics, wireless communications, medical and radar imaging, to name only a few. At the same time, many of these problems are quite challenging due to their ill-posed nature. On the other hand, signals originating from physical phenomena are often governed by laws expressible through linear Partial Differential Equations (PDE), or equivalently, integral equations and the associated Green’s functions. In addition, these phenomena are usually induced by sparse singularities, appearing as sources or sinks of a vector field. In this thesis we primarily investigate the coupling of such physical laws with a prior assumption on the sparse origin of a physical process. This gives rise to a “dual” regularization concept, formulated either as sparse analysis (cosparse), yielded by a PDE representation, or equivalent sparse synthesis regularization, if the Green’s functions are used instead. We devote a significant part of the thesis to the comparison of these two approaches. We argue that, despite nominal equivalence, their computational properties are very different. Indeed, due to the inherited sparsity of the discretized PDE (embodied in the analysis operator), the analysis approach scales much more favorably than the equivalent problem regularized by the synthesis approach. Our findings are demonstrated on two applications: acoustic source localization and epileptic source localization in electroencephalography. In both cases, we verify that cosparse approach exhibits superior scalability, even allowing for full (time domain) wavefield interpolation in three spatial dimensions. Moreover, in the acoustic setting, the analysis-based optimization benefits from the increased amount of observation data, resulting in a speedup in processing time that is orders of magnitude faster than the synthesis approach. Numerical simulations show that the developed methods in both applications are competitive to state-of-the-art localization algorithms in their corresponding areas. Finally, we present two sparse analysis methods for blind estimation of the speed of sound and acoustic impedance, simultaneously with wavefield interpolation. This is an important step toward practical implementation, where most physical parameters are unknown beforehand. The versatility of the approach is demonstrated on the “hearing behind walls” scenario, in which the traditional localization methods necessarily fail. Additionally, by means of a novel algorithmic framework, we challenge the audio declipping problemregularized by sparsity or cosparsity. Our method is highly competitive against stateof-the-art, and, in the cosparse setting, allows for an efficient (even real-time) implementation
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Books on the topic "EEG wave"

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Sanei, Saeid. EEG signal processing. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 2007.

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Driessen, Martin Michael. Een ware held. Amsterdam: Wereldbibliotheek, 2014.

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Arie Pieter van den Berg. A hybrid method for the solution of seismic wave propagation problems =: Een hybride oplossingsmethode voor seismische golfvoortplantingsproblemen. [Utrecht]: Instituut voor Aardwetenschappen der Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht, 1987.

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Het ware leven, een roman. Amsterdam: De Arbeiderspers, 2006.

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Weisbrod, Harry. Wage-hour and EEO compliance and litigation prevention. New York, NY: American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, 1991.

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Aalbers, Bert. De ware Judas: Nieuw licht op een duister figuur. Kampen: Kok, 2006.

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Eynikel, Hilde. Over "Gastons oorlog": Het ware verhaal van een omstreden verzetsman. Leuven: Davidsfonds, 1997.

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Raad, Sociaal-Economische. Advies bijzondere verhoging minimumloon: Advies inzake de wenselijkheid van een bijzondere verhoging van het wettelijke minimumloon. ʼs-Gravenhage: De Raad, 1990.

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Kraft, Thomas. De verwarde geest: Ware verhalen uit de praktijk van een psychiater. Amsterdam: Veen, 1998.

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Houdijk, Cootje. Naar de ware Jacob: Dagboek van een voettocht naar Santiago de Compostela. Schoorl: Conserve, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "EEG wave"

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Friedrich, R., A. Fuchs, and H. Haken. "Synergetic Analysis of Spatio-Temporal Eeg Patterns." In Nonlinear Wave Processes in Excitable Media, 23–37. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3683-7_4.

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Martisius, Ignas, Darius Birvinskas, Robertas Damasevicius, and Vacius Jusas. "EEG Dataset Reduction and Classification Using Wave Atom Transform." In Artificial Neural Networks and Machine Learning – ICANN 2013, 208–15. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40728-4_26.

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Flytzanis, N., E. Yiachnakis, and J. Micheloyannis. "Analysis of Eeg Signals and Their Spatial Correlation Over the Scalp Surface." In Nonlinear Wave Processes in Excitable Media, 39–45. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3683-7_5.

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Anse, Michiko, and Tsutomu Tabe. "Evaluation Method of e-Learning Materials by α-Wave and β-Wave of EEG." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 252–59. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73354-6_28.

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Boutros, Nash N. "Six/Second Spike and Wave Complexes, the Rhythmic Mid-Temporal Discharges and the Wicket Spikes." In Standard EEG: A Research Roadmap for Neuropsychiatry, 187–200. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13867-1_18.

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Olejarczyk, E., R. Rudner, R. Marciniak, M. Wartak, Michał Stasiowski, Przemysław Jałowiecki, and A. Sobieszek. "Detection of the EEG spike-wave patterns evoked by volatile anaesthetics." In IFMBE Proceedings, 407–9. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03882-2_108.

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Sushkova, Olga S., Alexei A. Morozov, and Alexandra V. Gabova. "Data Mining in EEG Wave Trains in Early Stages of Parkinson’s Disease." In Advances in Soft Computing, 403–12. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62428-0_32.

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Wannajam, Sararat, and Wachirawut Thamviset. "Brain Wave Pattern Recognition of Two-Task Imagination by Using Single-Electrode EEG." In Recent Advances in Information and Communication Technology 2018, 187–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93692-5_19.

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Puanhvuan, D., K. Nojima, Y. Wongsawat, and K. Iramina. "Effects of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on EEG Alpha Wave." In IFMBE Proceedings, 356–59. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29305-4_95.

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Yang, Tiantian, Fengyu Cong, Zheng Chang, Youyi Liu, Tapani Ristainiemi, and Hong Li. "Individual Independent Component Analysis on EEG: Event-Related Responses Vs. Difference Wave of Deviant and Standard Responses." In Advances in Neural Networks – ISNN 2016, 30–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40663-3_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "EEG wave"

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R., Tushar, Hemanth Kumar G., Anitha S., and Shriram S. "EEG wave based identification of sleep disorders." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SUSTAINABLE ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (ICONSET 2018). Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5078992.

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Zhan Hong, Lip, Alireza Zourmand, Jonathan Victor Patricks, and Goh Thing Thing. "EEG-Based Brain Wave Controlled Intelligent Prosthetic Arm." In 2020 IEEE 8th Conference on Systems, Process and Control (ICSPC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icspc50992.2020.9305784.

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Zhan Hong, Lip, Alireza Zourmand, Jonathan Victor Patricks, and Goh Thing Thing. "EEG-Based Brain Wave Controlled Intelligent Prosthetic Arm." In 2020 IEEE 8th Conference on Systems, Process and Control (ICSPC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icspc50992.2020.9305784.

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Raj, Ayush, and S. M. Jaisakthi. "Analysis of Brain Wave Due to Stimulus Using EEG." In 2018 International Conference on Computer, Communication, and Signal Processing (ICCCSP). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icccsp.2018.8452823.

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Yusof, Y. W. Mohamad, H. Hashim, S. B. Khirotdin, and M. Mohamed Zabidin. "Vision system for quantifying EEG brain wave histogram images." In 2010 IEEE Symposium on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ISIEA 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isiea.2010.5679472.

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Shah, Pritham Gajakumar, Krishna Chaithanya Vastare, Xu Huang, Ajithkumar Srikumar, Suraj Mademur Sreenivasa, Adarsh Puvvadi Ram Mohan Kumar, and Karthik Rajashekhar Kodada. "Development of a novel EEG wave controlled security system." In 2015 IEEE Seventh International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Information Systems (ICICIS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/intelcis.2015.7397207.

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Wang, Bei, Takenao Sugi, Xingyu Wang, Akio Ikeda, Takashi Nagamine, Hiroshi Shibasaki, and Masatoshi Nakamura. "Bipolar EEG Analysis Based on Cross Spectrum: Focal Detection of Slowing Wave for Automatic EEG Interpretation." In 2009 2nd International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Informatics. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bmei.2009.5305322.

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Loza, Carlos A., and Jose C. Principe. "Sparse Wave Packets Discriminate Motor Tasks in EEG–based BCIs." In 2019 9th International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering (NER). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ner.2019.8716991.

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Jiao, Yingying, and Bao-Liang Lu. "Detecting driver sleepiness from EEG alpha wave during daytime driving." In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bibm.2017.8217744.

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Zhang, Hao Lan, Huanyu Zhao, Yiu-Ming Cheung, and Jing He. "Generating EEG Graphs Based on PLA for Brain Wave Pattern Recognition." In 2018 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cec.2018.8477796.

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Reports on the topic "EEG wave"

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Hunter, J. A., and R. A. Burns. Determination of Overburden P - Wave Velocities With a Downhole 12 - Channel Eel. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/132586.

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Rahmani, Mehran, and Manan Naik. Structural Identification and Damage Detection in Bridges using Wave Method and Uniform Shear Beam Models: A Feasibility Study. Mineta Transportation Institute, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1934.

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This report presents a wave method to be used for the structural identification and damage detection of structural components in bridges, e.g., bridge piers. This method has proven to be promising when applied to real structures and large amplitude responses in buildings (e.g., mid-rise and high-rise buildings). This study is the first application of the method to damaged bridge structures. The bridge identification was performed using wave propagation in a simple uniform shear beam model. The method identifies a wave velocity for the structure by fitting an equivalent uniform shear beam model to the impulse response functions of the recorded earthquake response. The structural damage is detected by measuring changes in the identified velocities from one damaging event to another. The method uses the acceleration response recorded in the structure to detect damage. In this study, the acceleration response from a shake-table four-span bridge tested to failure was used. Pairs of sensors were identified to represent a specific wave passage in the bridge. Wave velocities were identified for several sensor pairs and various shaking intensities are reported; further, actual observed damage in the bridge was compared with the detected reductions in the identified velocities. The results show that the identified shear wave velocities presented a decreasing trend as the shaking intensity was increased, and the average percentage reduction in the velocities was consistent with the overall observed damage in the bridge. However, there was no clear correlation between a specific wave passage and the observed reduction in the velocities. This indicates that the uniform shear beam model was too simple to localize the damage in the bridge. Instead, it provides a proxy for the overall extent of change in the response due to damage.
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Malej, Matt, and Fengyan Shi. Suppressing the pressure-source instability in modeling deep-draft vessels with low under-keel clearance in FUNWAVE-TVD. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40639.

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This Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering Technical Note (CHETN) documents the development through verification and validation of three instability-suppressing mechanisms in FUNWAVE-TVD, a Boussinesq-type numerical wave model, when modeling deep-draft vessels with a low under-keel clearance (UKC). Many large commercial ports and channels (e.g., Houston Ship Channel, Galveston, US Army Corps of Engineers [USACE]) are traveled and affected by tens of thousands of commercial vessel passages per year. In a series of recent projects undertaken for the Galveston District (USACE), it was discovered that when deep-draft vessels are modeled using pressure-source mechanisms, they can suffer from model instabilities when low UKC is employed (e.g., vessel draft of 12 m¹ in a channel of 15 m or less of depth), rendering a simulation unstable and obsolete. As an increasingly large number of deep-draft vessels are put into service, this problem is becoming more severe. This presents an operational challenge when modeling large container-type vessels in busy shipping channels, as these often will come as close as 1 m to the bottom of the channel, or even touch the bottom. This behavior would subsequently exhibit a numerical discontinuity in a given model and could severely limit the sample size of modeled vessels. This CHETN outlines a robust approach to suppressing such instability without compromising the integrity of the far-field vessel wave/wake solution. The three methods developed in this study aim to suppress high-frequency spikes generated nearfield of a vessel. They are a shock-capturing method, a friction method, and a viscosity method, respectively. The tests show that the combined shock-capturing and friction method is the most effective method to suppress the local high-frequency noises, while not affecting the far-field solution. A strong test, in which the target draft is larger than the channel depth, shows that there are no high-frequency noises generated in the case of ship squat as long as the shock-capturing method is used.
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Sloan, Steven, Shelby Peterie, Richard Miller, Julian Ivanov, J. Schwenk, and Jason McKenna. Detecting clandestine tunnels by using near-surface seismic techniques. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40419.

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Geophysical detection of clandestine tunnels is a complex problem that has been met with limited success. Multiple methods have been applied spanning several decades, but a reliable solution has yet to be found. This report presents shallow seismic data collected at a tunnel test site representative of geologic settings found along the southwestern U.S. border. Results demonstrate the capability of using compressional wave diffraction and surface-wave backscatter techniques to detect a purpose-built subterranean tunnel. Near-surface seismic data were also collected at multiple sites in Afghanistan to detect and locate subsurface anomalies (e.g., data collected over an escape tunnel discovered in 2011 at the Sarposa Prison in Kandahar, Afghanistan, which allowed more than 480 prisoners to escape, and data from another shallow tunnel recently discovered at an undisclosed location). The final example from Afghanistan is the first time surface-based seismic methods have detected a tunnel whose presence and location were not previously known. Seismic results directly led to the discovery of the tunnel. Interpreted tunnel locations for all examples were less than 2 m of the actual location. Seismic surface wave backscatter and body-wave diffraction methods show promise for efficient data acquisition and processing for locating purposefully hidden tunnels within unconsolidated sediments.
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Chapman, Ray, Phu Luong, Sung-Chan Kim, and Earl Hayter. Development of three-dimensional wetting and drying algorithm for the Geophysical Scale Transport Multi-Block Hydrodynamic Sediment and Water Quality Transport Modeling System (GSMB). Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41085.

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The Environmental Laboratory (EL) and the Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory (CHL) have jointly completed a number of large-scale hydrodynamic, sediment and water quality transport studies. EL and CHL have successfully executed these studies utilizing the Geophysical Scale Transport Modeling System (GSMB). The model framework of GSMB is composed of multiple process models as shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 shows that the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) accepted wave, hydrodynamic, sediment and water quality transport models are directly and indirectly linked within the GSMB framework. The components of GSMB are the two-dimensional (2D) deep-water wave action model (WAM) (Komen et al. 1994, Jensen et al. 2012), data from meteorological model (MET) (e.g., Saha et al. 2010 - http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/2010BAMS3001.1), shallow water wave models (STWAVE) (Smith et al. 1999), Coastal Modeling System wave (CMS-WAVE) (Lin et al. 2008), the large-scale, unstructured two-dimensional Advanced Circulation (2D ADCIRC) hydrodynamic model (http://www.adcirc.org), and the regional scale models, Curvilinear Hydrodynamics in three dimensions-Multi-Block (CH3D-MB) (Luong and Chapman 2009), which is the multi-block (MB) version of Curvilinear Hydrodynamics in three-dimensions-Waterways Experiments Station (CH3D-WES) (Chapman et al. 1996, Chapman et al. 2009), MB CH3D-SEDZLJ sediment transport model (Hayter et al. 2012), and CE-QUAL Management - ICM water quality model (Bunch et al. 2003, Cerco and Cole 1994). Task 1 of the DOER project, “Modeling Transport in Wetting/Drying and Vegetated Regions,” is to implement and test three-dimensional (3D) wetting and drying (W/D) within GSMB. This technical note describes the methods and results of Task 1. The original W/D routines were restricted to a single vertical layer or depth-averaged simulations. In order to retain the required 3D or multi-layer capability of MB-CH3D, a multi-block version with variable block layers was developed (Chapman and Luong 2009). This approach requires a combination of grid decomposition, MB, and Message Passing Interface (MPI) communication (Snir et al. 1998). The MB single layer W/D has demonstrated itself as an effective tool in hyper-tide environments, such as Cook Inlet, Alaska (Hayter et al. 2012). The code modifications, implementation, and testing of a fully 3D W/D are described in the following sections of this technical note.
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Idris, Iffat. Documentation of Survivors of Gender-based Violence (GBV). Institute of Development Studies (IDS), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.103.

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This review is largely based on grey literature, in particular policy documents and reports by international development organizations. While there was substantial literature on approaches and principles to GBV documentation, there was less on remote service delivery such as helplines – much of this only in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, very little was found on actual examples of GBV documentation in developing contexts. By definition, gender featured strongly in the available literature; the particular needs of persons with disabilities were also addressed in discussions of overall GBV responses, but far less in GBV documentation. GBV documentation refers to the recording of data on individual GBV incidents in order to provide/refer survivors with/to appropriate support, and the collection of data of GBV incidents for analysis and to improve GBV responses. The literature notes that there are significant risks associated with GBV documentation, in relation to data protection. Failure to ensure information security can expose survivors, in particular, to harm, e.g. reprisal attacks by perpetrators, stigma, and ostracism by their families/ communities. This means that GBV documentation must be carried out with great care. A number of principles should always be applied when documenting GBV cases in order to protect survivors and prevent potential negative effects: do no harm, survivor-centered approach, survivor autonomy, informed consent, non-discrimination, confidentiality, and data protection (information security).
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Brophy, Kenny, and Alison Sheridan, eds. Neolithic Scotland: ScARF Panel Report. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.06.2012.196.

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The main recommendations of the Panel report can be summarised as follows: The Overall Picture: more needs to be understood about the process of acculturation of indigenous communities; about the Atlantic, Breton strand of Neolithisation; about the ‘how and why’ of the spread of Grooved Ware use and its associated practices and traditions; and about reactions to Continental Beaker novelties which appeared from the 25th century. The Detailed Picture: Our understanding of developments in different parts of Scotland is very uneven, with Shetland and the north-west mainland being in particular need of targeted research. Also, here and elsewhere in Scotland, the chronology of developments needs to be clarified, especially as regards developments in the Hebrides. Lifeways and Lifestyles: Research needs to be directed towards filling the substantial gaps in our understanding of: i) subsistence strategies; ii) landscape use (including issues of population size and distribution); iii) environmental change and its consequences – and in particular issues of sea level rise, peat formation and woodland regeneration; and iv) the nature and organisation of the places where people lived; and to track changes over time in all of these. Material Culture and Use of Resources: In addition to fine-tuning our characterisation of material culture and resource use (and its changes over the course of the Neolithic), we need to apply a wider range of analytical approaches in order to discover more about manufacture and use.Some basic questions still need to be addressed (e.g. the chronology of felsite use in Shetland; what kind of pottery was in use, c 3000–2500, in areas where Grooved Ware was not used, etc.) and are outlined in the relevant section of the document. Our knowledge of organic artefacts is very limited, so research in waterlogged contexts is desirable. Identity, Society, Belief Systems: Basic questions about the organisation of society need to be addressed: are we dealing with communities that started out as egalitarian, but (in some regions) became socially differentiated? Can we identify acculturated indigenous people? How much mobility, and what kind of mobility, was there at different times during the Neolithic? And our chronology of certain monument types and key sites (including the Ring of Brodgar, despite its recent excavation) requires to be clarified, especially since we now know that certain types of monument (including Clava cairns) were not built during the Neolithic. The way in which certain types of site (e.g. large palisaded enclosures) were used remains to be clarified. Research and methodological issues: There is still much ignorance of the results of past and current research, so more effective means of dissemination are required. Basic inventory information (e.g. the Scottish Human Remains Database) needs to be compiled, and Canmore and museum database information needs to be updated and expanded – and, where not already available online, placed online, preferably with a Scottish Neolithic e-hub that directs the enquirer to all the available sources of information. The Historic Scotland on-line radiocarbon date inventory needs to be resurrected and kept up to date. Under-used resources, including the rich aerial photography archive in the NMRS, need to have their potential fully exploited. Multi-disciplinary, collaborative research (and the application of GIS modelling to spatial data in order to process the results) is vital if we are to escape from the current ‘silo’ approach and address key research questions from a range of perspectives; and awareness of relevant research outside Scotland is essential if we are to avoid reinventing the wheel. Our perspective needs to encompass multi-scale approaches, so that ScARF Neolithic Panel Report iv developments within Scotland can be understood at a local, regional and wider level. Most importantly, the right questions need to be framed, and the right research strategies need to be developed, in order to extract the maximum amount of information about the Scottish Neolithic.
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DeJaeghere, Joan, Bich-Hang Duong, and Vu Dao. Teaching Practices That Support and Promote Learning: Qualitative Evidence from High and Low Performing Classes in Vietnam. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-ri_2021/024.

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This Insight Note contributes to the growing body of knowledge on teaching practices that foster student learning and achievement by analysing in-depth qualitative data from classroom observations and teacher interviews. Much of the research on teachers and teaching in development literature focuses on observable and quantified factors, including qualifications and training. But simply being qualified (with a university degree in education or subject areas), or trained in certain ways (e.g., coaching versus in-service) explains very little of the variation in learning outcomes (Kane and Staiger, 2008; Wößmann, 2003; Das and Bau, 2020). Teaching is a complex set of practices that draw on teachers’ beliefs about learning, their prior experiences, their content and pedagogical knowledge and repertoire, and their commitment and personality. Recent research in the educational development literature has turned to examining teaching practices, including content knowledge, pedagogical practices, and teacher-student interactions, primarily through quantitative data from knowledge tests and classroom observations of practices (see Bruns, De Gregorio and Taut, 2016; Filmer, Molina and Wane, 2020; Glewwe et al, in progress). Other studies, such as TIMSS, the OECD and a few World Bank studies have used classroom videos to further explain high inference factors of teachers’ (Gallimore and Hiebert, 2000; Tomáš and Seidel, 2013). In this Note, we ask the question: What are the teaching practices that support and foster high levels of learning? Vietnam is a useful case to examine because student learning outcomes based on international tests are high, and most students pass the basic learning levels (Dang, Glewwe, Lee and Vu, 2020). But considerable variation exists between learning outcomes, particularly at the secondary level, where high achieving students will continue to upper-secondary and lower achieving students will drop out at Grade 9 (Dang and Glewwe, 2018). So what differentiates teaching for those who achieve these high learning outcomes and those who don’t? Some characteristics of teachers, such as qualifications and professional commitment, do not vary greatly because most Vietnamese teachers meet the national standards in terms of qualifications (have a college degree) and have a high level of professionalism (Glewwe et al., in progress). Other factors that influence teaching, such as using lesson plans and teaching the national curriculum, are also highly regulated. Therefore, to explain how teaching might affect student learning outcomes, it is important to examine more closely teachers’ practices in the classroom.
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