Relevant bibliographies by topics / Effect of background fluorescence

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Academic literature on the topic 'Effect of background fluorescence'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 16 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Effect of background fluorescence"

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Gao, Melisa, George Lewis, Gordon M. Turner, Antoine Soubret, and Vasilis Ntziachristos. "Effects of background fluorescence in fluorescence molecular tomography." Applied Optics 44, no. 26 (September 10, 2005): 5468. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.44.005468.

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Sun, Yulong, and Avi Chakrabartty. "Cost-effective elimination of lipofuscin fluorescence from formalin-fixed brain tissue by white phosphor light emitting diode array." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 94, no. 6 (December 2016): 545–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/bcb-2016-0125.

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Autofluorescence of aldehyde-fixed tissues greatly hinders fluorescence microscopy. In particular, lipofuscin, an autofluorescent component of aged brain tissue, complicates fluorescence imaging of tissue in neurodegenerative diseases. Background and lipofuscin fluorescence can be reduced by greater than 90% through photobleaching using white phosphor light emitting diode arrays prior to treatment with fluorescent probes. We compared the effect of photobleaching versus established chemical quenchers on the quality of fluorescent staining in formalin-fixed brain tissue of frontotemporal dementia with tau-positive inclusions. Unlike chemical quenchers, which reduced fluorescent probe signals as well as background, photobleaching treatment had no effect on probe fluorescence intensity while it effectively reduced background and lipofuscin fluorescence. The advantages and versatility of photobleaching over established methods are discussed.
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Kwon, Sunkuk, and Eva M. Sevick-Muraca. "Effects of Depilation-Induced Skin Pigmentation and Diet-Induced Fluorescence on In Vivo Fluorescence Imaging." Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7659242.

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Near-infrared fluorescence imaging (NIRFI) and far-red fluorescence imaging (FRFI) were used to investigate effects of depilation-induced skin pigmentation and diet-induced background fluorescence on fluorescent signal amplitude and lymphatic contraction frequency in C57BL6 mice. Far-red fluorescent signal amplitude, but not frequency, was affected by diet-induced fluorescence, which was removed by feeding the mice an alfalfa-free diet, and skin pigmentation further impacted the amplitude measurement. NIRFI showed minimal background fluorescence; however, skin pigmentation reduced the amplitude of fluorescent signal changes. Therefore, these effects should be taken into account when imaging mice with different states of skin pigmentation and diet-induced background fluorescence in vivo.
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Wang, Nam Sun, and Michael B. Simmons. "Effect of background fluorophores on the NADH fluorescence probe signal." Biotechnology Techniques 5, no. 4 (July 1991): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02438655.

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Kono, Luna, Yuma Nakagawa, Ayako Fujimoto, Ryo Nishimura, Yohei Hattori, Toshiki Mutai, Nobuhiro Yasuda, et al. "Aggregation-induced emission effect on turn-off fluorescent switching of a photochromic diarylethene." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 15 (September 20, 2019): 2204–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.15.217.

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Background: Diarylethenes are well-known photochromic compounds, which undergo cyclization and cycloreversion reactions between open- and closed-ring isomers. Recently, diarylethene derivatives with photoswitchable fluorescent properties were prepared. They are applicable for fluorescence imaging including bio-imaging. On the other hand, a new system called “excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT)” is reported. In the system, absorption and emission bands are largely separated due to the proton transfer, hence it showed strong fluorescence even in the crystalline state. We aimed to construct the photochromic system incorporating the ESIPT mechanism. Results: A diarylethene incorporating a fluorescent moiety that exhibit ESIPT behavior was prepared. The ESIPT is one of the examples which express the mechanisms of aggregation-induced emission (AIE). This compound emits orange fluorescence with a large Stokes shift derived from ESIPT in aprotic solvents such as THF or hexane, while it exhibits only a photochromic reaction in protic solvents such as methanol. In addition, it shows turn-off type fluorescence switching in an aprotic solvent and in crystals. The fluorescence is quenched as the content of closed-ring isomers increases upon UV light irradiation. Conclusions: A diarylethene containing an ESIPT functional group was prepared. It showed fluorescent turn-off behavior during photochromism in aprotic solvents as well as in crystalline state upon UV light irradiation. Furthermore, it showed AIE in THF/water mixtures with blue-shift of the emission.
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Rosati, Anna, Luigi Candussio, Enrico Crivellato, Fiora Bartoli Klugmann, Tullio Giraldi, Daniela Damiani, Angela Michelutti, and Giuliana Decorti. "Bodipy-FL-Verapamil: A Fluorescent Probe for the Study of Multidrug Resistance Proteins." Analytical Cellular Pathology 26, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2004): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2004/576173.

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Most of the substances used as fluorescent probes to study drug transport and the effect of efflux blockers in multidrug resistant cells have many drawbacks, such as toxicity, unspecific background, accumulation in mitochondria. New fluorescent compounds, among which Bodipy‐FL‐verapamil (BV), have been therefore proposed as more useful tools. The uptake of BV has been evaluated by cytofluorimetry and fluorescence microscopy using cell lines that overexpress P‐glycoprotein (P388/ADR and LLC‐PK1/ADR) or MRP (multidrug resistance‐related protein) (PANC‐1) and clinical specimens from patients. The effect of specific inhibitors for P‐glycoprotein (verapamil and vinblastine) or MRP (MK571 and probenecid) has been also studied. BV intracellular concentrations were significantly lower in the two P‐glycoprotein overexpressing cell lines in comparison with the parental lines. In addition, verapamil and vinblastine increased the intracellular concentrations of the dye; MK571 and probenecid, two MRP inhibitors, increased BV levels in PANC‐1 cells, that express this protein. These findings were confirmed in clinical specimens from patients. Fluorescence microscopy revealed a faint fluorescence emission in P‐glycoprotein or MRP expressing cell lines; however, treatment with specific inhibitors significantly increased the fluorescence. BV is a useful tool for studying multidrug resistance proteins with different techniques such as cytofluorimetry and fluorescence microscopy, but does not discriminate between P‐glycoprotein and MRP. In comparison with other classic fluorescent probes, the assay with this dye is extremely rapid, simple, not toxic for cells, devoid of fluorescent background, and can be useful in the clinical settings.
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Long, Lingliang, Yanjun Wu, Lin Wang, Aihua Gong, Rongfeng Hu, and Chi Zhang. "Complete suppression of the fluorophore fluorescence by combined effect of multiple fluorescence quenching groups: A fluorescent sensor for Cu2+ with zero background signals." Analytica Chimica Acta 908 (February 2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2015.12.016.

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Taylor, Brad W., Christine F. Keep, Robert O. Hall, Benjamin J. Koch, Lusha M. Tronstad, Alexander S. Flecker, and Amber J. Ulseth. "Improving the fluorometric ammonium method: matrix effects, background fluorescence, and standard additions." Journal of the North American Benthological Society 26, no. 2 (June 2007): 167–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1899/0887-3593(2007)26[167:itfamm]2.0.co;2.

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Moriyama, Eduardo H., Anthony Kim, Arjen Bogaards, Lothar Lilge, and Brian C. Wilson. "A Ratiometric Fluorescence Imaging System for Surgical Guidance." Advances in Optical Technologies 2008 (October 16, 2008): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/532368.

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A 3-chip CCD imaging system has been developed for quantitative in vivo fluorescence imaging. This incorporates a ratiometric algorithm to correct for the effects of tissue optical absorption and scattering, imaging “geometry” and tissue autofluorescence background. The performance was characterized, and the algorithm was validated in tissue-simulating optical phantoms for quantitative measurement of the fluorescent molecule protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). The technical feasibility to use this system for fluorescence-guided surgical resection of malignant brain tumor tissue was assessed in an animal model in which PpIX was induced exogenously in the tumor cells by systemic administration of aminolevulinic acid (ALA).
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Whalen, Daniel J., and D. Clark Turner. "Effect of X-ray Tube Window Thickness on Detection Limits for Light Elements in XRF Analysis." Advances in X-ray Analysis 38 (1994): 299–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800017924.

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Abstract Widespread interest in light element analysis using XRF has stimulated the development of thin x-ray tube windows. Thinner windows enhance the soft x-ray output of the tube, which more efficiently excite the light elements in the sample. A computer program that calculates the effect of window thickness on light element sample fluorescence has been developed. The code uses an NIST algorithm to calculate the x-ray tube spectrum given various tube parameters such as beryllium window thickness, operating voyage, anode composition, and take-off angle. The interaction of the tube radiation with the sample matrix is modelled to provide the primary and secondary fluorescence from the sample. For x-rays in the energy region 30 - 1000 eV the mass attenuation coefficients were interpolated from the photo absorption data compilation of Henke, et al. The code also calculates the x-ray background due to coherent and incoherent scatter from the sample, as well as the contribution of such scatter to the sample fluorescence. Given the sample fluorescence and background the effect of tube window thickness on detection limits for light elements can be predicted.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Effect of background fluorescence"

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Kunnil, Joseph. "Identification Studies of Bacillus Spores Using Fluorescence Spectroscopy." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Physics and Astronomy, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1311.

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Fluorescence spectroscopy was examined as a potential technique for identifying aerosol particles like bacterial spores. This technique was used for laboratory measurements on some common biological agent simulants. We have measured the intrinsic steady-state fluorescence emission spectra as a function of the excitation wavelength for several bacterial spores (washed and unwashed) in dry and aqueous suspensions at room temperature using excitation wavelengths from 200 to 600 nm. These measurements were compared to those of common, naturally occurring biological components like fungal spores and pollen and non spore samples like ovalbumin. The spectra of samples were combined into fluorescence profiles or fluorescence fingerprints. Different substrates were used for collection and detection of spores. Each bacterium produces a unique in vitro fluorescence profile when measured in dried and aqueous suspension and exhibits a strong maximum in its fluorescence emission spectrum near 330-340 nm. The fluorescence profiles were reproducible. The complexity of microorganisms made the interpretation of their spectral signature a difficult task. Principal components analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis were done as a data reduction technique for detection and identification from different backgrounds. PCA illustrates that linear combination of detected fluorescence intensities, which are present in different ratios in each of samples studied, can be used to discriminate biological agent simulants from other biological samples. The hydration effects, washing effects and the role of tryptophan on spore fluorescence were also investigated. The emission spectra of the dried spores showed a maximum near 330 nm, suggesting a hydrophobic environment for its tryptophan residues. The aqueous solution of tryptophan showed fluorescence shifted to 360 nm and in ethanol solution the maximum was shifted to 340 nm, suggesting a rather more polar average location of the tryptophan. To find the limit of detection we measured the quantum efficiency (QE) of a few samples. We concluded that spectroscopy techniques coupled with effective interpretation models are applicable to biological simulants agents. Index Heading: Bacteria; Spores; Identification; Fluorescence; Fluorescence Quantum Efficiency; Principal Components Analysis; Cluster Analysis.
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Moor, Jaclyn Marie, and Jaclyn Marie Moor. "The Effect of Background Noise on Multitasking." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625351.

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Multitasking in background noise may involve greater cognitive processing demands than multitasking in quiet due to an increase in perceptual demands (Rabbitt, 1968; Pichora-Fuller & Schneider, 2000). This study investigated the effect of background noise in the listening environment on the ability of young adults with normal hearing and older adults with sensorineural hearing loss to perceive speech while performing a secondary task. A dual task paradigm, which included word recognition and visual serial recall, was used to examine ability to divide limited processing resources between two tasks. The number of digits to be recalled was varied in order to test the hypothesis that background noise would degrade multitasking abilities to a greater degree than in quiet for more difficult tasks. Participants included 37 native English speakers between 19-25 years of age with pure-tone thresholds better than or equal to 20 dB HL and 10 English speakers between 58-85 years of age with pure-tone thresholds greater than or equal to 25 dB HL in both ears. The results showed that background noise can have negative effects on the ability to multitask for both younger adults with normal hearing and older adults with hearing loss; however, this effect was greater for the older adults with hearing loss, especially when task demands were increased.
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Ogden, Melinda Anne. "Two-photon total internal reflection microscopy for imaging live cells with high background fluorescence." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/34786.

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Fluorescence microscopy allows for spatial and temporal resolution of systems which are inherently fluorescent or which can be selectively labeled with fluorescent molecules. Temporal resolution is crucial for imaging real time processes in living samples. A common problem in fluorescence microscopy of biological samples is autofluorescence, fluorescence inherent to the system, which interferes with detection of fluorescence of interest by decreasing the signal to noise ratio. Two current methods for improved imaging against autofluorescence are two-photon excitation and total internal reflection microscopy. Two-photon excitation occurs when two longer wavelength photons are absorbed quasi-simultaneously by a single fluorophore. For this to take place there must be a photon density on the order of 1030 photons/(cm2)(s), which is achieved through use of a femtosecond pulsed laser and a high magnification microscope objective. Two-photon excitation then only occurs at the focal spot, significantly reducing the focal volume and therefore background autofluorescence. The second method, total internal reflection, is based on evanescent wave excitation, which decreases exponentially in intensity away from the imaging surface. This allows for excitation of a thin (~200 nm) slice of a sample. Since only a narrow region of interest is excited, an optical slice can be imaged, decreasing excitation of out-of-focus autofluorescence, and increasing the signal to noise ratio. By coupling total internal reflection with two-photon excitation, an entire cell can be imaged while still maintaining the use of lower energy photons to irradiate the sample and achieve two-photon excitation along the length traveled by the evanescent wave. This system allows for more sensitive detection of fluorescence of interest from biological systems as a result of a significant decrease in excitation volume and therefore a decrease in autofluorescence signal. In the two-photon total internal reflection microscopy setup detailed in this work, an excitation area of 20 μm by 30 μm is achieved, and used to image FITC-stained actin filaments in BS-C-1 cells
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Dall'Aglio, Aldo. "Constraining the UV background with the proximity effect." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2009. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/3871/.

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After the epoch of reionisation the intergalactic medium (IGM) is kept at a high photoionisation level by the cosmic UV background radiation field. Primarily composed of the integrated contribution of quasars and young star forming galaxies, its intensity is subject to spatial and temporal fluctuations. In particular in the vicinity of luminous quasars, the UV radiation intensity grows by several orders of magnitude. Due to an enhanced UV radiation up to a few Mpc from the quasar, the ionised hydrogen fraction significantly increases and becomes visible as a reduced level of absorption in the HI Lyman alpha (Ly-alpha) forest. This phenomenon is known as the proximity effect and it is the main focus of this thesis. Modelling the influence on the IGM of the quasar radiation, one is able to determine the UV background intensity at a specific frequency (J_nu_0), or equivalently, its photoionisation rate (Gamma_b). This is of crucial importance for both theoretical and observational cosmology. Thus far, the proximity effect has been investigated primarily by combining the signal of large samples of quasars, as it has been regarded as a statistical phenomenon. Only a handful of studies tried to measure its signature on individual lines of sight, albeit focusing on one sight line only. Our aim is to perform a systematic investigation of large samples of quasars searching for the signature of the proximity effect, with a particular emphasis on its detection on individual lines of sight. We begin this survey with a sample of 40 high resolution (R~45000), high signal to noise ratio (S/N~70) quasar spectra at redshift 2.12.3. In spite of the low resolution and limited S/N we detect the proximity effect on about 98% of the quasars at a high significance level. Thereby we are able to determine the evolution of the UV background photoionisation rate within the redshift range 2Nach dem kosmologischen Zeitalter der Reionisation wird der hohe Photoionisationsgrad des intergalaktische Mediums (IGM) durch die kosmische UV-Hintergrundstrahlung aufrecht erhalten. Zur Intensitaet der Hintergrundstrahlung tragen hauptsaechlich Quasare und jungen Galaxien bei. Daher entstehen sowohl raeumliche als auch zeitliche Fluktuationen, wobei die Intensistaet insbesondere in der Naehe von leuchtkraeftigen Quasaren um mehrere Groessenordnungen ansteigt. Aufgrund der erhoehten UV-Strahlung in einer Entfernung von bis zu einigen Mpc von einem Quasar wird ein groesserer Anteil des intergalaktischen Wasserstoffs ionisiert, was als reduzierte Absorption im Lyman alpha (Ly-alpha) Wald sichtbar wird. Dieses Phaenomen wird proximity effect genannt und ist das Hauptthema dieser Arbeit. Durch Modellierung des Einflusses des Quasars auf das IGM kann die Intensitaet des UV-Hintergrunds bei einer bestimmten Frequenz (J_nu_0) bzw. die entsprechende Photoionisationrate (Gamma_b) bestimmt werden. Dies ist sowohl fuer die theoretische als auch fuer die beobachtende Kosmologie eine wichtige Groesse. Bisher wurde der Proximity-Effekt als ein statistisches Phaenomen untersucht, wobei die Signale vieler einzelner Quasare kombiniert wurden. Nur in wenigen Analysen wurde versucht, den Effekt in einzelnen Sehlinien zu detektieren. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist eine systematische Untersuchung des Proximity-Effekts in einer grossen Anzahl von Quasaren, wobei der besonderen Schwerpunkt auf seiner Detektion in einzelnen Sehlinien liegt. Zunaechst werden 40 Quasare im Rotverschiebungsbereich 2.12.3 aus dem Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) fortgefuehrt. Trotz der niedrigen Aufloesung und dem begrenzten S/N detektieren wir den Proximity-Effekt mit einer hohen Signifikanz in etwa 98% der Sehlinen. Dabei kann die Entwicklung der Photoionisationsrate Gamma_b~1.6x10^{-12} s^{-1} im Rotverschiebungsbereich 2
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Deigård, Daniel. "The Effect of Acute Background Noise on Recognition Tasks." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Psykologiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-74415.

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Many studies have investigated the effects of background noise on cognitive functions, in particular memory and learning. But few studies have examined the effect of acute noise on the specific parts of the memory process. The purpose of the current study was to fill this gap in the research. Twenty-three students from Stockholm University were tested with two different semantic programming tasks during different white noise conditions. Working memory capacity and subjective sensitivity to noise was also tested. No significant effects were found on the participants’ recognition scores, but a significant main effect for noise during recognition, as well as a significant main effect of experimental group, was found on response times. The noise effect was positive, which puts the study in conflict with most previous ones. The results could perhaps be explained by the theory of Stochastic Resonance or the Yerkes-Dodson Effect. Other reaction-time related tasks are suggested as future topics of study.
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Khorsandi, Babak. "Effect of background turbulence on an axisymmetric turbulent jet." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=104661.

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The effect of background turbulence on a turbulent jet was investigated experimentally. The primary objective of this work was to study the effect of different levels of the background turbulence on the dynamics and mixing of an axisymmetric turbulent jet at different Reynolds numbers. The secondary objective, which arose during the experiments, was to improve the acoustic Doppler velocimetry measurements which were found to be inaccurate when measuring turbulence statistics. In addition to acoustic Doppler velocimetry (ADV), flying hot-film anemometry was employed in this study. To move the hot-film probe at constant speeds, a high precision traversing mechanism was designed and built. A data acquisition system and LabVIEW programs were also developed to acquire data and control the traversing mechanism. The experiments started by benchmarking the two measurement techniques in an axisymmetric turbulent jet. Comparing the results with those of the other studies validated the use of flying hot-film anemometry to estimate the mean and the root-mean square (RMS) velocities. The experiments also validated the use of ADV for measurement of the mean velocities (measured in three Cartesian directions) and the RMS velocity (measured in the z-direction only). RMS velocities measured by the ADV along the x- and y-direction of the probe were overestimated.Attempts to improve the turbulence statistics measured by the ADV using the post-processing and noise-reduction methods presented in the literature were undertaken. However, the RMS velocities remained higher than the accepted values. In addition, a noise-reduction method was presented in this study which reduced the RMS velocities down to the accepted values. It was also attempted to relate Doppler noise to current velocity, and thus improve the results by subtracting the Doppler noise from the measured RMS velocities in the jet. However, no relationship was found between the Doppler noise and the mean velocity. The effect of different levels of background turbulence on the dynamics and mixing of an axisymmetric turbulent jet at different Reynolds numbers was then investigated. The background turbulence was generated by a random jet array. To confirm that the turbulence is approximately homogeneous and isotropic and has a low mean flow, the background flow was first characterized. Velocity measurements in an axisymmetric jet issuing into two different levels of background turbulence were then conducted. Three different jet Reynolds numbers were tested (Re = UJD/ν, where UJ is the jet exit velocity, D is the exit diameter of the jet, and ν is the kinematic viscosity). The results showed that (compared to the jet in a quiescent ambient) the mean axial velocities decay faster in the presence of background turbulence, while the mean radial velocities increase, especially close to the edges of the jet. At lower Reynolds numbers, the jet structure was destroyed in the near-field of the jet. The increase in the level of the background turbulence resulted in a faster decay of the mean axial velocities. The RMS velocity of the jet issuing into the turbulent background also increased, indicating that the level of turbulence in the jet increases. In addition, the jet's width increased in the presence of the background turbulence. The mass flow rate of the jet decreased in the presence of the background turbulence from which it can be inferred that the entrainment into the jet is reduced. The effect of background turbulence on entrainment mechanisms – large-scale engulfment and small-scale nibbling – is discussed. It is concluded that in the presence of background turbulence, engulfment is expected to be the main entrainment mechanism.
L'effet de la turbulence ambiante sur l'évolution d'un jet turbulent est étudié dans le cadre de cette recherche expérimentale. L'objectif primaire de ce travail est l'étude de l'effet de l'intensité de la turbulence ambiante sur l'évolution d'un jet turbulent, à trois nombres de Reynolds différents. L'objectif secondaire est l'amélioration des mesures de vélocimétrie acoustique Doppler qui se sont avérées inexactes au cours de ce travail. Un dispositif à anémométrie à fil chaud volant a aussi été développé pour effectuer des mesures dans le cadre de cette étude. A cette fin, un mécanisme de translation a été conçu pour déplacer la sonde à vitesse constante. Un système d'acquisition de données et des programmes LabVIEW ont été développés pour enregistrer les données et contrôler le mécanisme. De premières expériences (dans un jet turbulent axisymétrique en milieu tranquille) ont prouvé le bien-fondé i) des mesures de vitesses moyenne et moyenne quadratique par anémométrie à fil chaud volant, et ii) des mesures de vitesse moyenne (dans tous le sens) et de vitesse moyenne quadratique (dans le sens z) par vélocimétrie acoustique Doppler. Les mesures par vélocimétrie acoustique Doppler dans les sens x et y étaient surestimées. L'amélioration des mesures de vitesse moyenne quadratique par vélocimétrie acoustique Doppler a été tentée par moyen de techniques de réduction de bruit existantes. Néanmoins, les vitesses moyennes quadratiques restaient surestimées. Une nouvelle technique de réduction de bruit (qui avait pour résultat des vitesses moyennes quadratiques précises) a été proposée dans le cadre de cette étude. En outre, des expériences ayant pour but de quantifier le rapport entre le bruit Doppler et la vitesse de l'écoulement ont été entreprises (pour pouvoir soustraire le bruit Doppler des mesures de vitesses moyennes quadratiques). Cependant, celles-ci n'ont trouvé aucun rapport entre ces deux quantités. Par la suite, l'effet de l'intensité de la turbulence ambiante sur l'évolution d'un jet turbulent axisymétrique, à trois nombres de Reynolds différents, a été étudié. La turbulence ambiante a été produite par moyen d'une maille de jets aléatoires. La turbulence ambiante s'est avérée, par moyen de mesures d'anémométrie à fil chaud volant et de vélocimétrie acoustique Doppler, homogène est isotrope. L'évolution d'un jet turbulent (à trois nombres de Reynolds) émis en milieux turbulents (de deux intensités différentes) a ensuite été étudiée. Les mesures ont démontré que la turbulence ambiante i) réduisait la vitesse axiale moyenne du jet (en augmentant le taux de décroissance), et ii) augmentait la vitesse radiale moyenne du jet (surtout prés du bord du jet). Pour les jets à nombre de Reynolds bas, la structure du jet a été détruite dans le champ proche du jet. Les vitesses moyennes quadratiques du jet émis en milieu turbulent étaient plus grandes, indiquant une croissance du niveau de turbulence dans le jet. En outre, la demi-largeur du jet augmentait en milieu turbulent. Par contre, en environnement turbulent, le débit massique du jet émis a diminué, ce qui implique que le taux d'entraînement du jet est aussi réduit. L'effet de la turbulence ambiante sur les mécanismes de l'entraînement (par engloutissement à grande échelle ou par grignotage) est examiné. Il est conclu que, en environnement turbulent, l'engloutissement est le mécanisme d'entraînement principal.
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Clapham, Caroline Margaret. "The effect of background knowledge on EAP reading test performance." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239069.

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Björkholm, Viktor. "Background scheduling in Android and its effect on battery usage." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-217509.

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Background network communication is an important feature for applications running on smartphone devices. When using the network component on a smartphone, only a portion of the time that the component is awake is used for the transfer. The rest of the time when the component uses energy is known as tail energy. Tail energy can make up for a majority of the battery used for network communication. One approach to lower the overhead energy is to batch transfers instead of running them separately. Another way is to limit network access for applications who use it too often from the background. This thesis investigates improvements in Android from version 4.4 to 5.0 and 7.0 and the scheduling APIs AlarmManager and JobScheduler in how they handle background work. The two factors investigated are how well it batches pending tasks and how often applications in the background are allowed to access the network. The results show an advantage to JobScheduler over AlarmManager in how well it batches background work as well as an advantage to newer versions of Android over older. The results suggest an impact from tail energy and that it could be relevant to batch background work.
Nätverkskommunikation i bakgrunden är en viktig funktionalitet för smartphone-applikationer. När nätverksmodulen på en smartphone används så går enbart en del av tiden som den är igång åt till kommunikationen. Resten av tiden när enheten använder energi kallas för ”tail energy”. ”Tail energy” kan utgöra en majoritet av energin som går åt till nätverkskommunikation. En metod för att minska den energiåtgången är att gruppera nätverksanrop för att minska den totala mängden overhead-energi. Ett annat sätt är att begränsa åtkomsten till nätverk för applikationer som använder det för ofta från bakgrunden. Den här rapporten undersöker förbättringar i Android från version 4.4 till 5.0 och 7.0 samt schemaläggnings-APIerna AlarmManager och JobScheduler sett till hur de hanterar bakgrundsarbete. De två faktorerna som avsågs var hur väl de grupperar anrop och hur ofta applikationer tilläts använda nätverksresurser från bakgrunden. Resultaten visar en fördel för JobScheduler över AlarmManager sett till hur väl de grupperar bakgrundsarbete. De visar även en fördel för nyare versioner av Android över äldre. Resultaten implicerar en påverkan av ”tail energy” och påvisar att det kan vara relevant att gruppera bakgrundsarbete.
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Guo, Yixing. "Fluorescence Detection of Biological Thiols." PDXScholar, 2012. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/586.

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Glutathione (GSH) is an important biological thiol, it performs significant biological functions such as serving an antioxidant which protect cells from oxidative stress by trapping free radicals which damage DNA and RNA. It is known that abnormal plasma levels of GSH have been linked to various human diseases. Therefore, the rapid, sensitive and highly selective detection of GSH is of great importance for investigating its functions in diseases diagnosis. Interestingly, we found in cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) medium, the resorufin-based probe shows an extremely fast, highly selective response to GSH. The result indicates that this dye can be employed to detect GSH in biological samples such as human plasma. Cysteine (Cys) is another important biological thiol which is involved in a variety of significant cellur functions, including protein synthesis, detoxication, and metabolic process, etc. Abnormal levels of Cys are related to many diseases, such as slowed growth, Alzheimer's disease and cardiovascular disease. Thus, the detection and quantification of Cys in physiological media is of great importance. In this thesis, I am going to present two organic fluorescent probes (Resorufin-based probe and SNF probe) for the detection and quantification of Cys. In addition, we prove that they can directly quantify Cys in human plasma. The chemical mechanisms involved in the detection of Cys are discussed.
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Peard, Robert, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "The Effect of social background on the development of probabilistic concepts." Deakin University, 1994. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20050915.154933.

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This research explores how the social backgrounds of a group of students contributed to their intuitive knowledge in probabilistic reasoning, and influenced their processing of the associated mathematics. A group of Year 11 students who came from families for whom the phenomenon of track gambling formed an important part of their cultural background was identified. Another group consisting of students in the same mathematics course (Year 11 Maths in Society) but from families for whom the phenomenon of gambling in any form was totally absent from their social backgrounds was identified. Twenty students were selected from each group. The research employed a qualitative methodology in which a phenomenographic approach was used to investigate the qualitatively different ways in which individuals within the two groups thought about concepts involving probabilistic reasoning, and processed the related mathematical skills and concepts. The cognitive processes involved in the applications of probabilistic and related mathematical concepts in a variety of both gambling and non-gambling situations were studied in order to determine whether this culturally based knowledge could be viewed as a type of ‘ethnomathematics.’ Data were obtained through individual structured interviews which enabled patterns of reasoning to be compared and contrasted. Analyses of these data enabled intuitive mathematical understandings possessed by the gamblers not only to be identified, but also to be linked with their social backgrounds. Also differences between how individuals in the two groups processed probabilistic and associated mathematical knowledge were determined. This research complements and extends existing knowledge and theories related to culturally-based mathematical knowledge. Implications for further research, for classroom teaching, and for curriculum development in the study of probability in senior secondary mathematics classes are discussed.
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Books on the topic "Effect of background fluorescence"

1

), Northwest Power Planning Council (U S. Background paper, proposed Hungry Horse Dam resident fish amendments. Portland, Or: The Council, 1991.

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Arroyo, Gloria Fernández. Sol y vidrio. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 1990.

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K, kokula Krishna Hari, ed. Online YouTube Instrumental Music Background: It’s Effect to Descriptive Writing Performance of Students: ICCCEG 2014. Vietnam: Association of Scientists, Developers and Faculties, 2014.

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Clapham, Caroline. The development of IELTS: A study of the effect of background knowledge on reading comprehension. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.

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Fredrickson, Edward. Maximizing efficiency of forest herbicides in the Sierra Nevada and Oregon: Research background and user guide. Corvallis, Or: College of Forestry, Forest Research Laboratory, Oregon State University, 1998.

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Canada. Environment Canada. Fisheries and Oceans Canada (B.C.). Johnstone Strait Killer Whale committee (Canada): Background report. Victoria: Environment Canada., 1992.

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Turbott, C. Energy management and the greenhouse effect: A background paper on energy management and the 1988 Toronto goal. Wellington: Energy Management, Energy and Resources Division, Ministry of Commerce, 1991.

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Ooms, Theodora. Drugs, mothers, kids, and ways to cope: Background briefing report and meeting highlights. Washington, D.C. (1100 17th St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036): Family Impact Seminar, American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy, Research and Education Foundation, 1990.

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Shellens, Hazel. " We shall forever eat frugally off clean plates": An analysis of the background, presentation and effect of the 1986 Swarthmore Lecture. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 2002.

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Rennie-Peyton, Pauline. The relative importance for clients and therapists and the effect of therapist and client background variableson the perception of Yalom's therapeutic factors. [Guildford]: [University of Surrey], 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Effect of background fluorescence"

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Hammer, Martin. "FLIO Historical Background." In Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Ophthalmoscopy, 7–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22878-1_3.

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Ruf, Alessia. "Theoretical Background." In Short- and Long-Term Modality Effect in Multimedia Learning, 17–22. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-12430-4_2.

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Demchenko, Alexander P. "Weber’s Red-Edge Effect that Changed the Paradigm in Photophysics and Photochemistry." In Perspectives on Fluorescence, 95–141. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/4243_2016_14.

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Singh, Ramendra K., and Shipra Agarwal. "Fluorescent Labeling and Its Effect on Hybridization of Oligodeoxyribonucleotides." In Reviews in Fluorescence 2008, 161–94. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1260-2_7.

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Steinert, Richard. "Theoretical Background." In Effect of Noise on a Model Thermoacoustic System at its Stability Boundary, 5–8. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-13823-3_2.

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Goswami, Debabrata, Dipak Kumar Das, and Krishnandu Makhal. "Solvent Effect on Dual Fluorescence and the Corresponding Excited State Dynamics." In Reviews in Fluorescence 2017, 145–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01569-5_7.

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Grahn, M. F., J. K. Ansell, and M. L. de Jode. "Correlation of Tissue Fluorescence and Photodynamic Effect." In Photomedicine in Gynecology and Reproduction, 147–56. Basel: KARGER, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000062762.

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Kreitmair, Monika Johanna. "Uncertainty in Background Friction." In The Effect of Uncertainty on Tidal Stream Energy Resource Estimates, 61–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57658-5_4.

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Savan, Anne. "The Effect of Background Music on Learning." In International Handbooks of Religion and Education, 1029–39. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9018-9_56.

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Takada, Hiroki, Yuki Mori, and Toshitake Miyakoshi. "Effect of Background Viewing on Equilibrium Systems." In Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction. Access to Interaction, 255–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20681-3_24.

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Conference papers on the topic "Effect of background fluorescence"

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Borisova, Ekaterina, Borislav Vladimirov, and Lachezar Avramov. "5-ALA/PpIX fluorescence detection of esophageal and stomach neoplasia: effects of autofluorescence background from normal and inflammatory areas." In 15th International School on Quantum Electronics: Laser Physics and Applications, edited by Tanja Dreischuh, Elena Taskova, Ekaterina Borisova, and Alexander Serafetinides. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.822523.

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Kamal, Ahmed, Hassan Abu Bakr, Ziyang Wang, H. El Samman, Paolo Fiorini, and Sherif Sedky. "Characterization of (Bi0.25Sb0.75)2Te3 Deposited by Pulsed Laser Deposition." In ASME 2008 2nd Multifunctional Nanocomposites and Nanomaterials International Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mn2008-47020.

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The main objective of this work is to investigate the possibility of preparing bismuth telluride thin films using pulsed laser deposition. The effect of varying the deposition pressure, laser fluence, and the deposition temperature on the surface roughness, film composition, grain microstructure and electrical resistivity is analyzed using, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, X-ray fluorescence, transmission electron microscopy, and four point probe measurements. It is demonstrated that relatively smooth films can be deposited at a laser flounce of 0.6 J/cm2 and using argon as a background gas at 10−1 mbar. On the other hand, resistivities as low as 2 mΩ.cm can be obtained by either depositing the film at 200°C, or by post-laser annealing films deposited at room temperature.
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Mazilu, Michael, Anna Chiara De Luca, Andrew Riches, Simon Herrington, and Kishan Dholakia. "Fluorescence background suppression in Raman spectroscopy." In Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo.2010.ctht2.

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Fantoni, F., L. Hervé, V. Poher, S. Gioux, J. I. Mars, and J. M. Dinten. "Background fluorescence reduction and absorption correction for fluorescence reflectance imaging." In SPIE BiOS, edited by Tuan Vo-Dinh, Anita Mahadevan-Jansen, and Warren S. Grundfest. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2037600.

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Lu, Bo, Siyang Zheng, and Yu-Chong Tai. "Parylene background fluorescence study for biomems applications." In TRANSDUCERS 2009 - 2009 International Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Conference. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sensor.2009.5285534.

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Rüttinger, Steffen, Peter Kapusta, Matthias Patting, Michael Wahl, and Rainer Macdonald. "Comparison of Fluorescence Lifetime Correlation Spectroscopy and Background Corrected Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy." In Biomedical Optics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/biomed.2010.bmd7.

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Kapusta, Łukasz Jan. "LIF/Mie Droplet Sizing of Water Sprays from SCR System Injector using Structured Illumination." In ILASS2017 - 28th European Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ilass2017.2017.5031.

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Recent trends in SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) systems development increase requirements for UWS (UreaWater Solution) injection. Close-coupled SCR system designs decrease the distance available for water evaporation and urea decomposition. Due to that, much effort is put into static mixing elements design improvement and injection process enhancement. So far, most experimental studies on UWS spray formation were based on Mie scattering visualization using global illumination and shadowgraphy imaging. High speed imaging of Mie signal with global illumination allows to determine global spray parameters such as penetration and angle but does not give information on droplet sizes. Droplet size determination, due to relatively large droplets generated by SCR injectors, can be done with Mie scattering or backlight imaging methods. Then the visualized area becomes narrowed since high magnification is required. Determination of droplet size distribution across whole spray in such arrangement requires number of measurements. LIF/Mie (Laser Induced Fluorescence/Mie scattering) technique provides an attractive alternative for rapid determination of droplet size distribution across the whole spray. This method however suffers from multiple scattering effects which might affect droplet size distribution results even in relatively dilute sprays.In this study, LIF/Mie ratio distribution across sprays from commercial automotive injector for SCR systems was determined by simultaneous LIF and Mie detection using structured illumination. Moreover, the results were compared with conventional LIF/Mie imaging. Nd:YAG pulse laser was used as a light source. Second harmonic beam of 532 nm was used to illuminate the sprays. Instead of UWS pure water doped with Eosin Y was used. The results showed that conventional images exhibited much stronger background signal. Moreover, the conventional imaging was sensitive to reflections from experimental setup elements, specifically reflections from LIF camera filter. These two observations prove the importance of using SLIPI for LIF/Mie droplets sizing in sprays for SCR systems. At the same time the obtained results showed that under certain conditions (no accidental reflections in the background) conventional imaging provides similar LIF/Mie ratio as structured illumination. The results showed that the LIF/Mie ratio remains unchanged over the spray cloud. This suggests that SMD remains unchanged as well. The slight increase of LIF/Mie ratio far from the injector outlet could be caused by absence of small droplets due to lower momentum and thus lower penetration distance. This assumption however should be verified with PIVmeasurement.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ILASS2017.2017.5031
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Boulanger, J., C. Kervrann, and P. Bouthemy. "Estimation of Dynamic Background for Fluorescence Video-Microscopy." In 2006 International Conference on Image Processing. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icip.2006.312803.

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Bozinovic, Nenad, Cathie Ventalon, Timothy Ford, and Jerome Mertz. "Fluorescence endomicroscopy with out-of-focus background rejection." In Biomedical Optics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/biomed.2008.btuf57.

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Zhu, E. Y., Z. Tang, E. A. Lee Kim-Koon, L. Qian, L. G. Helt, M. Liscidini, J. E. Sipe, et al. "Observation of Background Fluorescence in a Poled Fiber." In Specialty Optical Fibers. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/sof.2011.sowc3.

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Reports on the topic "Effect of background fluorescence"

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Rutan, S. (Compensation for peak shifts and variable background responses in fluorescence spectroscopy). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5554442.

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Jacobsen, Alan R. The Effect of Background Luminance on Color-Coding. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada159250.

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Jensen, Jerry G. Effect of Atmospheric Background Aerosols on Biological Agent Detectors. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada468827.

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Levinton, Fred M. Development of the Motional Stark Effect Diagnostic Using Laser-Induced Fluorescence. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1498539.

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Aguayo Navarrete, Estanislao, Richard T. Kouzes, and Edward R. Siciliano. Ship Effect Neutron Measurements And Impacts On Low-Background Experiments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1115835.

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Chartier, Cathryn. The effect of background noise on children's selective listening behavior. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.2845.

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Walsh, Stephen J., Mark F. Tardiff, Lawrence K. Chilton, and Candace N. Metoyer. Effect of Background Emissivity on Gas Detection in Thermal Hyperspectral Imagery. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/943410.

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Guzzardo, Tyler, Alexander A. Solodov, Jake Livesay, and Ian G. Gross. Modeling the Effect of High Background Mitigation Techniques on Radiation Portal Monitors. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1080252.

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Neri, David F., David A. Kobus, Saul M. Luria, Steve Fan, and David Zannelli. Effect of Background/Foreground Color Coding on Detection in Acoustic Data Displays. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada154105.

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Smoot, George F. Cosmic Background Radiation Study Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect and Small Angular Scale Anisotropy. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada224782.

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