Dissertations / Theses: 'Effect of censorship on'

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Alfred, Ruth Ann. "The effect of censorship on American film adaptations of Shakespearean plays." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2733.

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Zhang, Yiwen. "OUT OF GOODWILL TO PROTECT OTHERS: WHY CHINESE JOURNALISTS EMBRACE SELF-CENSORSHIP?" Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1479341186472314.

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Wagstaff, Cunningham Audrey E. "Beyond The Perceptual Bias: The Third-Person Effect And Censorship Behavior In Scholastic Journalism." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1350997318.

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Steffen, Lili Margit, and Lili Margit Steffen. "Potential Effects of Censorship on the Pro-Anorexia Tumblr Blogging Community." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625157.

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Anorexic individuals have long been creating their own support communities to cope with the psychological distress of living with an eating disorder. This behavior has transferred to online platforms such as Tumblr. In these digital spaces exists pro-anorexia blogging, a fluid group of users who post about their experiences living with anorexia while interacting with other bloggers to access information that appears to be supportive of anorexic behaviors. Pro-ana bloggers form not only a community, but an information community that is targeted by heavy forms of stigmatization. Due to external evaluation that deems their blogging content controversial or illicit, this community has been subjected to censorship, sometimes in the form of criminalization. This study focuses on how the heavy stigmatization and censorship pro-ana communities face affects its members. This goal is achieved through a literature review integrated with original ethnographic observations. Censorship may actually harm this community rather than help it, as it has it been shown that pro-anorexia users migrate or become more insulated, and thus more inaccessible and alienated. Moving forward, it is important for scholars to reframe how they approach these communities, especially by centering the voices of pro-ana bloggers.

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Hendry, Judy. "Law and its effects on the flow of information : would freedom of information allow the representation of heterogeneity; the lesbian and gay issue." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308820.

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Morris, Dorothy. "The effect of censorship on the selection of media center materials in public elementary school libraries in Georgia from 1981-1985." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1987. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/3633.

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The purpose of this research project was to ascertain data and information on the effect of censorship on the selection of media center materials in public elementary school libraries in Georgia. Random samples were sent to each of the 187 school systems in Georgia at the elementary level with a grade range of K-8. The data for the study is based on 101 responses with education, geographical location and district population serving as characteristics of a sample for selection. The significance of these characteristics was tabulated and verified. Although all the media specialists in the study had obtained some degree of certification and training, the results varied somewhat with the following: (1) media specialists in metropolitan and urban areas with advanced degrees were more liberal toward selection of censorship materials and,(2) media specialists in rural areas and those with the minimum degree requirements were more reluctant toward selecting censorship materials.

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Blevins, Jordan. "Rebels Against Restriction: A Look Into the Effects of Restrictions and Censorship on Adolescents." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/144.

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This paper is a discussion and exploration on the effects of restriction and censorship during the adolescent years. The adolescent years for the purposes of this paper are going to range from childhood to early college aged students. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how different authority figures try to restrict this age group in certain ways and how the decision to do this generally does not produce the desired results. In the end I would like readers to walk away being more conscious of the dangers involved with too much restriction by authority figures in the lives of younger generations. In constructing this thesis, the goal was to use adolescent literature to show the different levels of authority and the types of affects they can have on adolescents. I used The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn to demonstrated parental authority, The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian to show the influence of cultural environments, The Giver to represent the dangers of restrictive governmental control, and The Handmaid’s Tale to ultimately show how desirable over-restricted items and behaviors become. An academic article pertaining to the book or author that further proves the argument supports each point that is made through one of the pieces of literature. Studies on child conduct disorder, drug-use and rebellious attitudes, and the “Red Scare” are also incorporated to show the realities of restriction in social settings. Overall I would like this thesis to show patterns of unnecessary restrictions leading to rebellious younger generations. The more aware of patterns people become the more chances they have to try and break the cycle. The main point being that forbidden things become the most enticing things, so in order to encourage obedience instead of resistance we need to be more open and welcoming of new ideas and ways of thought. This will makes inevitable changes smoother instead of being lead by radical rebellions.

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North, Adrian. "Negative Effects of Music Celebrities? Evidence on Eating Disorders, Psychoticism, Delinquency, Celebrity Attitudes and Censorship." Bärenreiter Verlag, 2012. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71810.

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Zhou, Yining. "Disappointment as an effect of curiosity and political apathy: modernation of self-efficacy and mediation of media selection." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2015. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/172.

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The study adopts Uses and Gratifications (U&G) theory as the framework to test antecedents and consequences in using fanqiang (bypassing Internet censorship) as an alternative medium along with accessible Internet, TV, newspaper and radio as mainstream media in a Chinese context. By online between-group experimentation (N = 132 in the experimental group, N = 127 in the control group), the study shows that curiosity about forbidden political content and political apathy predict fanqiang and most accessible media use tendencies. Moderation effects exist between curiosity and self-efficacy in predicting fanqiang tendencies. Disappointment as an emotional effect is directly related to curiosity and political apathy, where the mediation effects of media use tendencies are not salient. Explicit Internet censorship increases curiosity about forbidden political content and decreases the dimension of lack of interest in political apathy. However, it does not change accessible media use tendencies and disappointment levels. Still, participants show fewer of fanqiang tendencies than with accessible media, except radio. The results highlight the cognitive roots of motivations and emotional constructs as a part of gratification in U&G research, that self-efficacy as a necessary requirement for curiosity to drive media use, and that information attributes can change motivations. We urge future scholars to build broader explications of political apathy when applied to different societies, to try diverse methods like experimentation in U&G research, and to adopt a sociopsychological approach when studying the influences and effectiveness of Internet censorship.

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Tuoma, Tomas. "Social isolering. En studie om åsiktspolarisering och normativ press i sociala medier." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för kultur- och medievetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-100315.

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The purpose of this study was to look for tendencies that social media can contribute to exposing users to a stronger perception of opinion polarization, and further to see if the daily presence of social networking sites can put normative pressure on the users. The study was made using a survey with participants from Umeå University during the time frame of november-december 2014. The theoretical framework behind the study was mainly drawn from The Spiral Of Silence by Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann and was further supplemented with more current research, studying the effects from The Spiral Of Silence in the modern and more fragmented media landscape that exists now then when her theory was written. Further theoretical tools for analysis of the results came from Michel Foucault and his discussions in Discipline and punish, specifically his views on how surveillance can be discontinous in practice, but still permanent in it’s effects. The results of this study indicates that social media users tend to isolate themselves from uncomfortable opinions, and do not follow or read opinions they do not already agree with. This indicates that social media plattforms can function as a contributor to opinion polarization among the users, and this study argues that the behavioural patterns of the most frequent users increases that tendency. Further more the study showed that a smaller network of friends seems to increase the users perception of normative pressures, and that user activity is correlated to how frequent they self-censor posts before- and after they are published.

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Tjärnberg, Clara, and Sandra Gabrielsson. ""Det var en som ringde och önskade att läkarna började skära i mig utan bedövning" : – En kvalitativ studie om hot och hat mot opinionsbildande journalister." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för kultur- och medievetenskaper, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-185049.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate how opinion-forming journalists in Västerbotten experience threats and hate and if these things vary depending on if the affected journalist is a woman or a man. This study also aims to examine how these threats and the hate affect the opinion-forming journalists in both an emotional and a professional way. To strengthen the analysis this study is based on four theoretical frameworks. Strömbäcks theories support analyzes about self-censorship and the opinion-forming journalists' importance for democracy. Butler's theories about hate-speech describe how hate-speech can be expressed and affect the receiver. Lazarus and Folkman contribute with a psychological perspective with coping strategies, how they cope with the threats and hate. The theories from Hanitzsch presents various perspectives about the journalistic cultures and supports analysis connected to the journalistic role. The method used to gather the material was qualitative interviews with six opinion-forming journalists in Västerbotten. For the analysis meaning condensation was used. The result presents a total of ten themes, sorted in three chapters based on the issues. The result and analysis indicates that threats and hate is common for opinion-forming journalists in Västerbotten to be exposed by. At the same time, a majority of the participating opinion-forming journalists state that they feel spared. Furthermore, it is very common for the opinion-forming journalist who receives threats or hate to be affected emotionally, mainly with negative emotions such as fear, sadness and discomfort. The biggest professional effect that threats and hate can lead to is self-censorship. Finally, this study can show that there are differences in threats and hate between female and male opinion-forming journalists in Västerbotten. The biggest difference is that women receive more threats and hatred based on sexism and containing sexual allusions.

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Reineke, Jason Bernard. "Censorship and the individual: an examination of support for public censorship, self-censorship, and personality." The Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1302885908.

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Maksl, Adam M. "The road to scholastic press freedom : a survey of midwestern high school newspaper advisers to determine the effects adviser backgrounds and school demographics have on student press freedom." Virtual Press, 2007. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1371473.

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This study examines what characteristics of schools and advisers have the most effect on fostering free student press practices as reported by advisers. Advisers' perceptions were measured based on three scales: one that measured student practices, one that measured administrative practices and one that measured adviser practices. Data suggested that existence of student free expression laws and open forum policies, number of years of teaching and advising, licensure and certification to teach journalism, and membership in professional journalism organizations are among the characteristics that have the greatest effect on fostering freer scholastic press practices. Recommendations were made to scholastic media organizations to use this data to help prioritize the initiatives to best free press practices in school newspapers.
Department of Journalism

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14

Winter, Philipp. "Measuring and circumventing Internet censorship." Doctoral thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för matematik och datavetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-34475.

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An ever increasing amount of governments, organisations, and companies employ Internet censorship in order to filter the free flow of information. These efforts are supported by an equally increasing number of companies focusing on the development of filtering equipment. Only what these entities consider right can pass the filters. This practice constitutes a violation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and hampers progress. This thesis contributes novel techniques to measure and to circumvent Internet censorship. In particular, we 1) analyse how the Great Firewall of China is blocking the Tor network by using active probing techniques as well as side channel measurements, we 2) propose a concept to involve users in the process of censorship analysis, we 3) discuss the aptitude of a globally-deployed network measurement platform for censorship analysis, and we 4) propose a novel circumvention protocol. We attach particular importance to practicality and usability. Most of the techniques proposed in this thesis were implemented and some of them are deployed and used on a daily basis. We demonstrate that the measurement techniques proposed in this thesis are practical and useful by applying them in order to shed light on previously undocumented cases of Internet censorship. We employed our techniques in three countries and were able to expose previously unknown censorship techniques and cooperation between a corporation and a government for the sake of censorship. We also implemented a circumvention protocol which was subsequently deployed and is used to evade the Great Firewall of China.

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Barbieri, Maria. "Film censorship in Hong Kong." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1947118X.

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Thünken, Florian. "Internet Censorship in China Recent Developments and Perception of Internet Censorship by Chinese Internet Users /." Würzburg : Univ., Inst. für Kulturwissenschaften Ost- und Südasiens - Sinologie, 2008. http://www.opus-bayern.de/uni-wuerzburg/volltexte/2009/3444/.

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Beck, Brian Douglas. "Self-Censorship in Rural Weekly Newspapers." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/292239.

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Needham, T. "Two problems relating to cosmic censorship." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379862.

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Mantell, Emily. "Political Art Censorship: A Productive Power." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1492785190400738.

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Passannanti, Erminia. "Italian cinema and censorship by religion." Thesis, Brunel University, 2014. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/13863.

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This thesis discusses clerical censorship against the film industry as a phenomenon encompassing questions of popular education and mass culture, power formation, and ideological struggles. It argues that clerical censorship should be understood not as the undertaking to simply make sins less attractive, in films, but as the Church's efforts to influence the state and police force, magistrates, or government censorship boards to prohibit or remove certain films’ offensive contents, which are believed to be ideologically contrary to the Church’s doctrine. The financial, political and legal sanctions called in force by Church censorship surely go beyond the idea of moral reprimand recommend by the Catholic teachings. They put in action what Gramsci called culturally influential ‘hegemony’. In particular, film boycott will be flagged out as that method which empowers the clergy (composed of high prelates, clergymen, and nuns) to influence their followers (flock of souls) to not even consider watching films, containing representations and ideas unapproved of by the Pope. In implementing its control techniques, by means of its reticular system, the church edits indexes, which set criteria for condemning and banning as ‘immoral’ and ‘harmful’, artistic products and ideological ideas, which threaten its theological standpoints. In this sense, the Catholic’s habit to set film ratings and spread public shaming may be said to contribute towards Church censorship as a wide-ranging practice. In consideration of the fact that the various forms of influence and control over the Catholic communities, exercised at local and national level by the clergy in parish churches, communities, schools, associations, and through the media, are acknowledged in this thesis as methods of clerical censorship, I also discuss the action and the militancy of self-appointed censors of Catholic background, who align themselves with the existing governmental censorship boards. In particular, this thesis conducts and examination of how filmmakers, producers, and distributors may at times witness their films being totally suppressed by state and church censorship, and at others, manage to bypass the trouble of compliance with censorship regulations by negotiating ploys to escape severe confrontation in the field of legal censorship. To reveal facts hidden behind the nation’s façade of liberalism and progressivism, this thesis addresses the conceptions behind constitutional/legal censorship and Church censorship. I demonstrate how the power of film censorship located in the nation's major centres of power, the judiciary and the religious, exercise double-edged forms of censorship, using their authority to influence society and individuals. A focus will be placed on recent reforms, which have aptly solved this impasse, and secured larger margins of freedom for the Italian film industry. Indeed, as my argument supports, cinema, as an art form, is also highly fertile in ideological and artistic dissidence against censorial forms of state and church, which attempts to influence and at times limit both the artists' expressive freedom and the audience's right to be entertained and informed.

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Wong, Marcelle. "Censorship in late nineteenth century Britain." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25332.

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In his 1859 work, On Liberty, John Stuart Mill asserts that ‘[i] in our times, from the highest class of society down to the lowest, every one lives as under the eye of a hostile and dreaded censorship.’ For Mill, this censorship was implemented not by official institutions, but by social opprobrium, by a less explicit, but no less devastating public opinion. My thesis provides an account of late nineteenth century censorship that does not rely on traditional dichotomised models. These models present censorship as a Manichaean struggle between an aggressive regulatory mechanism that is more diffused and mobile than such rigid binaries suggest. I look at instances of censorship in literature, the visual arts, and other disciplinary fields, placing them in wider social, political, cultural, and intellectual contexts. I take into account recent scholarship which has challenged traditional models on theoretical grounds. These recent developments are useful for investigating particular instances of censorship, but conversely, these instances, despite their specificity, can also provide insights into, and elucidation of, the theories themselves. By moving beyond a state understanding of censorship as silencing and repression, I redress conventional assumptions about Victorian society and popular myths of a draconian regime, while also reassessing the concept of censorship itself.

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Cohen, Mark 1966. "Just judgment : censorship of and in Canadian literature." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=35866.

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This thesis is the first major study of censorship of and in English Canadian literature. While there are several reasons scholars have focused on censorship in Europe and the United States, it is the ascendancy in quality and quantity of Canadian writing leading to its further use in institutions where censorship takes place---such as schools and libraries---that necessitates a study of censorship in Canadian literature now. This rise in censorship has prompted Canadian authors increasingly to write about the subject. In this thesis I study censorship issues raised both explicitly md implicitly by Timothy Findley, Margaret Atwood, Margaret Laurence, Beatrice Culleton and Marlene Nourbese Philip. All of these writers have been subjected to censorship attacks and have responded to these attacks and grappled with the philosophical implications of censorship in their fiction and non-fiction. My investigation of censorship in these texts sheds new light on the works of literature themselves, but the literary texts also suggest a new way of looking at censorship. Each of my chapters offers arguments challenging the traditional Enlightenment model of censorship as an oppressive government practice against its citizens, a definition resulting in the mistaken views that censorship has been largely eradicated in the West and that, when it does surface, it is to be condemned on principle. This view can be contrasted with a "constructivist" model of censorship as the delegitimation of expression by social forces. My findings support a definition which draws on both models wherein censorship is the exclusion of some discourse as the result of a judgment by an authoritative agent based on some ideological predisposition. The key word in this definition is "judgment" which, when recognized as the primary activity in censorship, must change the way we approach censorship controversies. For if censorship is the exercise of judgment, and judgment is enmeshed in the fabric of huma

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Feng, Guangchao. "A technical analysis of China's internet censorship." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B39573989.

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Feng, Guangchao, and 馮廣超. "A technical analysis of China's internet censorship." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39707283.

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Kozlowski, Lisa. "STUDENT CENSORSHIP IN THE SOCIAL WORK CLASSROOMS." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/459.

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Through the evolution of the field of social work, a divide in its ideologies has emerged and certain political and ideological groups such as the religious and conservatives have become underrepresented. As a result, over the years the liberal philosophies have emerged as the dominant group. This has led to a decrease in diversity within the field. Recognition of biases in the field of social work is difficult. Through a qualitative analysis method, this study was meant to explore if social work students feel they are free to share openly in the classroom, and if they are accepting of all ideologies or are there biases towards any ideologies or beliefs by the students. This study used a qualitative method data collection approach, which consisted of a six-member focus group with a demographics questionnaire. The findings of this research has brought to the surface that there are more liberal ideologies and less moderate or conservative viewpoints being shared in the classrooms because of self-censorship. The potential impact of this study is to increase awareness that there are underrepresented groups within the MSW population, which decreases the diversity in the field of social work.

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Fifield, David. "Threat Modeling and Circumvention of Internet Censorship." Thesis, University of California, Berkeley, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10688573.

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Research on Internet censorship is hampered by poor models of censor behavior. Censor models guide the development of circumvention systems, so it is important to get them right. A censor model should be understood not just as a set of capabilities—such as the ability to monitor network traffic—but as a set of priorities constrained by resource limitations.

My research addresses the twin themes of modeling and circumvention. With a grounding in empirical research, I build up an abstract model of the circumvention problem and examine how to adapt it to concrete censorship challenges. I describe the results of experiments on censors that probe their strengths and weaknesses; specifically, on the subject of active probing to discover proxy servers, and on delays in their reaction to changes in circumvention. I present two circumvention designs: domain fronting, which derives its resistance to blocking from the censor's reluctance to block other useful services; and Snowflake, based on quickly changing peer-to-peer proxy servers. I hope to change the perception that the circumvention problem is a cat-and-mouse game that affords only incremental and temporary advancements. Rather, let us state the assumptions about censor behavior atop which we build circumvention designs, and let those assumptions be based on an informed understanding of censor behavior.

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Cohen, Mark. "Just judgment, censorship of and in Canadian literature." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0026/NQ50133.pdf.

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Al-Hamad, M. Q. "Translation and censorship with special reference to Jordan." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.508440.

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Rogers, M. J. "Private and censorship-resistant communication over public networks." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1322992/.

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Society’s increasing reliance on digital communication networks is creating unprecedented opportunities for wholesale surveillance and censorship. This thesis investigates the use of public networks such as the Internet to build robust, private communication systems that can resist monitoring and attacks by powerful adversaries such as national governments. We sketch the design of a censorship-resistant communication system based on peer-to-peer Internet overlays in which the participants only communicate directly with people they know and trust. This ‘friend-to-friend’ approach protects the participants’ privacy, but it also presents two significant challenges. The first is that, as with any peer-to-peer overlay, the users of the system must collectively provide the resources necessary for its operation; some users might prefer to use the system without contributing resources equal to those they consume, and if many users do so, the system may not be able to survive. To address this challenge we present a new game theoretic model of the problem of encouraging cooperation between selfish actors under conditions of scarcity, and develop a strategy for the game that provides rational incentives for cooperation under a wide range of conditions. The second challenge is that the structure of a friend-to-friend overlay may reveal the users’ social relationships to an adversary monitoring the underlying network. To conceal their sensitive relationships from the adversary, the users must be able to communicate indirectly across the overlay in a way that resists monitoring and attacks by other participants. We address this second challenge by developing two new routing protocols that robustly deliver messages across networks with unknown topologies, without revealing the identities of the communication endpoints to intermediate nodes or vice versa. The protocols make use of a novel unforgeable acknowledgement mechanism that proves that a message has been delivered without identifying the source or destination of the message or the path by which it was delivered. One of the routing protocols is shown to be robust to attacks by malicious participants, while the other provides rational incentives for selfish participants to cooperate in forwarding messages.

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Naylor, A. P., Edward J. Dwyer, and L. B. Bliss. "Attitudes of Students in Education Classes Toward Censorship." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1995. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3311.

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31

Colleoni, Marta. "Gravitational self-force and the weak cosmic censorship." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2016. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/401825/.

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Weinberg, Zachary. "Toward Automated Worldwide Monitoring of Network-Level Censorship." Thesis, Carnegie Mellon University, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13425933.

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Although Internet censorship is a well-studied topic, to date most published studies have focused on a single aspect of the phenomenon, using methods and sources specific to each researcher. Results are difficult to compare, and global, historical perspectives are rare. Because each group maintains their own software, erroneous methods may continue to be used long after the error has been discovered. Because censors continually update their equipment and blacklists, it may be impossible to reproduce historical results even with the same vantage points and testing software. Because “probe lists” of potentially censored material are labor-intensive to compile, requiring an understanding of the politics and culture of each country studied, researchers discover only the most obvious and long-lasting cases of censorship.

In this dissertation I will show that it is possible to make progress toward addressing all of these problems at once. I will present a proof-of concept monitoring system designed to operate continuously, in as many different countries as possible, using the best known techniques for detection and analysis. I will also demonstrate improved techniques for verifying the geographic location of a monitoring vantage point; for distinguishing innocuous network problems from censorship and other malicious network interference; and for discovering new web pages that are closely related to known-censored pages. These techniques improve the accuracy of a continuous monitoring system and reduce the manual labor required to operate it.

This research has, in addition, already led to new discoveries. For example, I have confirmed reports that a commonly-used heuristic is too sensitive and will mischaracterize a wide variety of unrelated problems as censorship. I have been able to identify a few cases of political censorship within a much longer list of cases of moralizing censorship. I have expanded small seed groups of politically sensitive documents into larger groups of documents to test for censorship. Finally, I can also detect other forms of network interference with a totalitarian motive, such as injection of surveillance scripts.

In summary, this work demonstrates that mostly-automated measurements of Internet censorship on a worldwide scale are feasible, and that the elusive global and historical perspective is within reach.

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Dyer, Kevin Patrick. "Novel Cryptographic Primitives and Protocols for Censorship Resistance." PDXScholar, 2015. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2489.

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Internet users rely on the availability of websites and digital services to engage in political discussions, report on newsworthy events in real-time, watch videos, etc. However, sometimes those who control networks, such as governments, censor certain websites, block specific applications or throttle encrypted traffic. Understandably, when users are faced with egregious censorship, where certain websites or applications are banned, they seek reliable and efficient means to circumvent such blocks. This tension is evident in countries such as a Iran and China, where the Internet censorship infrastructure is pervasive and continues to increase in scope and effectiveness. An arms race is unfolding with two competing threads of research: (1) network operators' ability to classify traffic and subsequently enforce policies and (2) network users' ability to control how network operators classify their traffic. Our goal is to understand and progress the state-of-the-art for both sides. First, we present novel traffic analysis attacks against encrypted communications. We show that state-of-the-art cryptographic protocols leak private information about users' communications, such as the websites they visit, applications they use, or languages used for communications. Then, we investigate means to mitigate these privacy-compromising attacks. Towards this, we present a toolkit of cryptographic primitives and protocols that simultaneously (1) achieve traditional notions of cryptographic security, and (2) enable users to conceal information about their communications, such as the protocols used or websites visited. We demonstrate the utility of these primitives and protocols in a variety of real-world settings. As a primary use case, we show that these new primitives and protocols protect network communications and bypass policies of state-of-the-art hardware-based and software-based network monitoring devices.

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Winter, Philipp. "Enhancing Censorship Resistance in the Tor Anonymity Network." Licentiate thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för matematik och datavetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-30752.

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Baksidestext The Tor network was originally designed as low-latency anonymity network.However, as the years progressed, Tor earned a reputation as also being a useful tool to circumvent Internet censorship. At times, the network counted 30,000 users only from China. Censors reacted by tightening their grip on the national communication infrastructure. In particular, they developed techniques to prevent people from being able to access the Tor network. This arms race now counts several iterations and no end is in sight. This thesis contributes to a censorship-resistant Tor network in two ways. First, it analyses how existing censorship systems work. In particular, the Great Firewall of China is analysed in order to obtain an understanding of its capabilities as well as to explore circumvention opportunities. Second, this thesis proposes practical countermeasures to circumvent Internet censorship. In particular, it presents a novel network protocol which is resistant to the Great Firewall's active probing attacks.

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Garry, Candi Pierce. "Selection or Censorship? School Librarians and LGBTQ Resources." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1406589992.

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Spilger, Erica L. Spilger. "Expression and Repression: Contemporary Art Censorship in America." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1524835404987482.

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Sorrie, Charles. "Censorship of the press in France 1917-1918." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2014. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3110/.

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This thesis examines the development and implementation of media control in France during the First World War. First it describes the evolution of the press control system between 1914 and 1916 and outlines its bureaucratic framework. The study then analyses the extent to which censorship of the press was useful in helping the French government achieve its aims during the particularly turbulent years of 1917 and 1918. The chapters are set out chronologically and contain sections that examine the role of censorship on a case by case basis. The last two years of the war have been chosen for special examination in this thesis because in 1917 and 1918 France’s war effort was increasingly strained simultaneously by both internal and external events. In 1917 France was threatened with rising war weariness, coinciding with the failed Nivelle Offensive, mutinies at the front and international calls for a negotiated peace settlement. In 1918, as Clemenceau began to rally the nation, France faced its most crucial enemy attack since the Marne in 1914. Most of the thesis focuses on censorship of newspapers in Paris. These papers not only had far larger ciculations than their provincial counterparts but often were read in the provinces more than were local papers. Finally by following a few papers specifically through these two years, it is possible to see the evolution of the way in which papers on the left, right and centre were monitored by the government. This thesis argues that France’s censorship system, while not perfect was effective in achieving the aims set out as its goals in 1914 by the War Ministry: to keep military secrets from the enemy and to help maintain public order.

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Bagheri, Griffaton Asal. "Les relations homme/femme dans le cinéma iranien postrévolutionnaire, stratégies des réalisateurs, analyse sémiologique." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00747693.

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Encadré par la théorie et la méthodologie de la sémiologie des indices proposée par Anne-Marie Houdebine, ce travail analyse les relations homme/femme, sous le coup de la censure, dans le cinéma iranien postrévolutionnaire. L'analyse systémique permet de dégager d'abord les strates iconique, scénique, sonore et technique à l'intérieur du corpus des scènes de films. Ensuite, il met en évidence des éléments explicités qui montrent qu'au plan formel existe un certain nombre de récurrences dans toutes les scènes analysées quel que soit le film travaillé. Au plan de l'expression, une grammaire formelle de la relation homme/femme dans le cinéma iranien a été dégagée. Au plan du contenu, des illusions de proximité et de rapprochement, des déclarations d'amour, des propositions sexuelles, de l'érotisme ainsi que des relations amoureuses et sexuelles surgissent à travers différentes configurations syntagmatiques des indices tels que le regard, le geste avorté, la scène de retour, l'enfant, l'objet symbolique, l'extérieur, l'intérieur, la voiture, la cour, le hors champ, la transition et la musique. En construisant son espace comme l'architecture iranienne traditionnelle entre l'externe (espace réservé aux invités et aux étrangers à la famille) et l'interne (espace privé) mais également en s'emparant des figures de styles à l'instar de la poésie iranienne classique, le cinéma iranien parle pudiquement de l'amour et créé ainsi sa propre iranité concernant les relations homme/femme.

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Horton, Nancy Spence. "Young Adult Literature and Censorship: A Content Analysis of Seventy-Eight Young Adult Books." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331381/.

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The purpose of this study was to analyze a representative seventy-eight current young adult books to determine the extent to which they contain items which are objectionable to would-be censors. Seventy-eight books were identified which fit the criteria of popularity and literary quality. Content analysis was selected as the quantitative method of research. Each of the seventy-eight young adult books was analyzed for the six categories which were established through prior research. The six categories include profanity, sex, violence, parent conflict, drugs, and condoned bad behavior. These categories were tallied each time they occurred in the books. Reliability was assured with a rating of .98 by a committee of six professionals. The data reveal that profanity occurred more times in the seventy-eight books than the other five categories with a total of 5,616. The category of drugs was noted 4,171 times. References to sex followed in number with 3,174. The categories which occurred the least were violence with 1,849 occurrences and condoned bad behavior with only 489 occurrences. By applying a frequency index formula to determine the number of objections in each book in relation to the number of pages, a comparison among the books could be made. The analysis, synthesis, and interpretation of the data led to several conclusions. Local school systems should establish and follow procedures for book selection and removal. The interests of young adults are met by the presentation of a variety of ideas and realistic plots and settings. The books, even with objectionable items, are chosen by teachers and students to read; therefore, they should be accessible in secondary school libraries as they provide valuable reading experiences for young adults. This study established that young adult literature serves an important function in providing quality reading material of interest to teenagers. These reading experiences help broaden the learning environment for young adults.

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Lu, Jiang 1957. "Some advances of inferences in mixed censorship-truncation models." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41692.

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In this thesis, we are concerned with the asymptotic properties of kernel estimates with variable bandwidth in mixed censorship-truncation models. A new approach has been developed, and the asymptotic normality of the hazard rate estimator $ lambda sbsp{n}{(2)}(x),$ which has not been established even in complete data cases, is established. By the same method, we derive the asymptotic normality of other hazard estimates, such as $ lambda sbsp{n}{(1)}(x), lambda sbsp{n}{(3)}(x),$ and $ lambda sbsp{n}{(5)}(x),$ as well as the density estimator $ f sb{n}(x).$ The second part of this thesis is devoted to the strong consistency and rates of convergence of the estimates mentioned above; these results improve and extend the previous results in Schafer (1985), Mielniczuk (1986), and Uzunogullari and Wang (1992). Lastly, we consider the consistency of the estimates $ beta sb{n}$ and $ Lambda sb0$ in the general relative risk regression (GRRR) models. We also consider the identifiability of $ beta sb0$ in GRRR models, and prove that most GRRR models possess the same properties as in the Cox regression model, and therefore should be used more often in practice.

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Liu, Shuangquan. "Nonparametric tests for change-point problems with random censorship." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0003/NQ34803.pdf.

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Dyck, Karen Rhoads Van. "The poetics of censorship in Greek poetry since 1967." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305898.

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Hochli, Marc. "The invisible scissors : media freedom and censorship in Switzerland." Thesis, Brunel University, 2010. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/4526.

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At first glance, the very idea of analysing the freedom of the media and of researching censorship in Switzerland seems absurd. After all, the Federal Constitution explicitly guarantees freedom of the media, and censorship is forbidden. Furthermore, this small, federal, multilingual and multicultural landlocked country in the middle of Europe is universally praised as a model of democracy. Indeed, in a country whose people have a far greater say in government than anywhere else, one could easily assume that the freedom of the media is a foregone conclusion. Yet, in reality, this shining image is more than a little tarnished. The "Prototype for Europe" – as the former Federal President of Germany Richard von Weizsäcker once described Switzerland – experiences the same forms and mechanisms of censorship as any other democratic country. Of course, in Switzerland "undesirable" journalists are not threatened with murder, but critically discerning authors do risk becoming social outcasts. Switzerland prohibits governmental pre-censorship, but the advertising industry has on occasion attempted to shape the content of the media by means of post-publication censorship in the form of boycotts. Switzerland is a constitutional state, yet the paragraphs of its penal and civil codes hang over media workers like the sword of Damocles. Then there are structural problems such as the lack of proper journalistic education. However one looks at it, the freedom of the media in Switzerland is officially, materially and structurally restricted. However, most people remain unconcerned by and indeed unaware of this state of affairs. Thomas Jefferson's reminder that, "to preserve the freedom of the human mind then and freedom of the press, every spirit should be ready to devote itself to martyrdom; for as long as we may think as we will, and speak as we think, the condition of man will proceed in improvement”*, has long been forgotten in Switzerland. The Swiss appear to be basking in their country’s reputation as a place without media problems. It therefore came as no surprise to us when, both in our quantitative and qualitative research, many of those interviewed were surprised and even irritated at our 2 questions about possible threats to freedom of the media in Switzerland. Some people even felt that they were being personally attacked and responded along the lines that "Instead of fouling our own nest we ought to describe the advantages of our country and our democratic system". Or: "In comparison with Russia or China we are living in a paradise": It seems that only the most critical among the media personnel, media experts and media scientists are willing to pinpoint the problems faced by the contemporary Swiss media. All the others are convinced that we have the best media on earth. This attitude of part indifference, part ignorance and part wishful thinking, was the catalyst for our research on the freedom of the Swiss media and the potential dangers and mechanisms which threaten it. Our findings reveal that all that glitters is not gold and that the Swiss media scene is, in some ways, reminiscent of a Potemkin village. *Jefferson, Thomas, Letter to William Green Mumford, 18 June 1799 (http://www.positiveatheism.org/hist/quotes/jefferson.htm, consulted 15 June 2006)

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Burnett, Samuel Read. "Empowering bystanders to facilitate Internet censorship measurement and circumvention." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/52199.

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Free and open exchange of information on the Internet is at risk: more than 60 countries practice some form of Internet censorship, and both the number of countries practicing censorship and the proportion of Internet users who are subject to it are on the rise. Understanding and mitigating these threats to Internet freedom is a continuous technological arms race with many of the most influential governments and corporations. By its very nature, Internet censorship varies drastically from region to region, which has impeded nearly all efforts to observe and fight it on a global scale. Researchers and developers in one country may find it very difficult to study censorship in another; this is particularly true for those in North America and Europe attempting to study notoriously pervasive censorship in Asia and the Middle East. This dissertation develops techniques and systems that empower users in one country, or bystanders, to assist in the measurement and circumvention of Internet censorship in another. Our work builds from the observation that there are people everywhere who are willing to help us if only they knew how. First, we develop Encore, which allows webmasters to help study Web censorship by collecting measurements from their sites' visitors. Encore leverages weaknesses in cross-origin security policy to collect measurements from a far more diverse set of vantage points than previously possible. Second, we build Collage, a technique that uses the pervasiveness and scalability of user-generated content to disseminate censored content. Collage's novel communication model is robust against censorship that is significantly more powerful than governments use today. Together, Encore and Collage help people everywhere study and circumvent Internet censorship.

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Cloonan, Martin John. "Banned! : Censorship of popular music in Britain; 1967-1992." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385433.

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Vrabel, Terri Boucher. "Texas school librarians' perceptions on censorship and intellectual freedom." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1997. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/39258858.html.

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Kemp, Randall B. "Towards a theology of censorship for the theological library." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2000. http://www.tren.com.

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Peterson, Christopher E. S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "User-generated censorship : manipulating the maps of social media." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/81132.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Comparative Media Studies, 2013.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Vita.
Includes bibliographical references.
The last decade has seen the rise of new technologies for making information more broadly available and accessible. Variously called 'user-generated content,' 'social media,''social news,' 'crowd-curation,' and so on, these design conventions, algorithmic arrangements, and user practices have been widely praised for 'democratizing' media by lowering the barriers to publishing, accrediting, and aggregating information. Intermediary platforms like Facebook, reddit, and Twitter, among others, are generally expected to elicit valuable knowledge through the algorithmic filtering mechanisms broadly distributed among their users. This thesis investigates user-generated censorship: an emergent mode of intervention by which users strategically manipulate social media to suppress speech. It shows that the tools designed to help make information more available have been repurposed and reversed to make it less available. Case studies reveal that these platforms, far from being neutral pipes through which information merely travels, are in fact contingent sociotechnical systems upon and through which users effect their politics through the power of algorithms. By strategically pulling the levers which make links to sites more or less visible, users recompose the representations of the world produced by social media, altering pathways of access and availability and changing the flow of information. This thesis incorporates insights from media studies, sociology, law and policy, information science, and science-technology studies to study user-generated censorship. It contributes to a broader conversation now emerging across fields which seeks to explore and understand the politics of our developing social media systems.
by Christopher E. Peterson.
S.M.

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Welbourn, Michael. "Censors and society : the Roman censorship, 443-21 BC." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/49836/.

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The censorship was one of the Roman Republic's most significant magistracies. The range and importance of their duties – the census, the lectio senatus and recognitio equitum, letting public contracts and initiating public works, and the ceremony of the lustrum – meant that the office had a profound impact on Roman society. There is much modern scholarship on the censorship. But some of the arguments and conclusions put forward by earlier scholars, while valuable, need to be updated and certain misconceptions corrected. In particular, what is required is a greater focus on placing the censorship in its political and social context, into the political culture of the Roman Republic, in order to properly analyse the office, its wider function(s), and its influence on Roman society. At the same time, a careful consideration of what precisely the censors' duties involved and how each pair of censors carried these out is necessary. The present work hopes to address both aspects of this important magistracy. To that end, this thesis is divided into seven chapters. Five of which deal with the censors' individual responsibilities. Chapter 1 is a diachronic survey of the censorship across the whole period of its existence. It aims to highlight the development of the office over time and to ground the subsequent discussion of the magistracy in its proper chronological context. Chapter 2 highlights the infrastructure – assistants, schedule, records, headquarters etc – through which the censors were able to carry out their tasks. Chapter 3 is a study of the censors' most important task, the taking of the census, and its importance for the Roman community. Chapter 4 looks at the censors as guardians of the mos maiorum, and the activities through which this role was expressed. Chapter 5 investigates the censors' responsibility for letting public contracts of various kinds, and the impact this had on the Roman state and its economy. Chapter 6 focuses in more detail on the most significant and costly element of the censors' contracting duties – public works. It attempts to assess what contribution the censors made to the ever-changing face of the city of Rome, as compared to the other magistrates. Finally, Chapter 7 considers the lustrum, the sacred rite which closed each pair of censors' term in office. It asks both what the ceremony involved, and what its meaning and significance for the community might have been.

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Kuhn, Annette Frieda. "Censorship, sexuality and the regulation of cinema, 1909-1925." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1987. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10006539/.

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This thesis deals with film censorship as a strategy of regulation; with the discourses, practices and powers involved in the censorship of films; with relations between these; and with what is produced in these relations. It is also a social history of film censorship. The inquiry's starting point is the birth of film censorship in Britain, and it focusses on the years between 1909 and 1925.. This was a period of uncertainty, Indeed of struggle, over what the new medium of cinema was to become: how it would be understood, defined, constituted, regulated, as a public sphere. In looking at the instrumentality of film censorship in the emergence of a public sphere of cinema during the earlier part of this century, this inquiry also draws in institutions, practices and discourses which at first sight might appear to have little or nothing to do with the censorship of films. Important among these are 'new' forms of knowledge about sexuality and society,and organisations devoted to the promotion of 'social purity'. At the centre of this study are three case histories involving specific films or groups of films-- commercial fiction features, both British and American--which were caught LIP fl various ways in processes of censorship during the 1909-1925 period. When each case is investigated with a view to revealing the power relations involved, prevailing understandings of censorship are opened up to critical scrutiny and reformulation. More than merely a series of fixed institutional practices of prohibition, film censorship emerges here as a set of processes, as in a play of shifting and contradictory forces. It also emerges as 2roductiv, in that, at a particular historical moment, processes of censorship were actively involved in the constitution of a public sphere of cinema, of cinema as an object of regulation.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Effect of censorship on'

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