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Journal articles on the topic 'Effect of cross sectional area'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Seyed, Mansoor Rayegani, MD, and Bayat, MD Masume. "Evaluation of the Effect of Age on Median Nerve Cross-sectional Area: A Cross-sectional Study." ADVANCED ULTRASOUND IN DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY 7, no. 4 (2023): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.37015/audt.2023.220047.

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Shimizu, Takuzo, Kosuke Kondo, and Ryoichi Kajima. "REDUCTION PROCESS OF CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA AT RIVER MOUTH." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 20 (1986): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v20.113.

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Reduction processes of the cross-sectional area at a river mouth were investigated on the basis of numerical simulations and field measurements, in order to predict the possibility of closing of the mouth of the Samegawa River, Fukushima, Japan. As a result, it was found that the decrease in tidal prism, induced by a reduction of the cross-sectional area, had an important effect on the closing of the river mouth. By considering this effect and estimating the sediment transport rate properly, a practical prediction model was successfully established for simulating the reduction processes of the

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3

Jelsing, Elena J., James C. Presley, Eugene Maida, Nicholas J. Hangiandreou, and Jay Smith. "The effect of magnification on sonographically measured nerve cross-sectional area." Muscle & Nerve 51, no. 1 (2014): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mus.24274.

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4

Al-Hagri, Mohammed Gamal, Shahed Husni Ben Issa Ebribesh, Fares Alamoudi, and Abdulrahman Rakan Al Haj Ali. "Effect of dimensions of specimens on the impact performance of concrete." Challenge Journal of Concrete Research Letters 16, no. 2 (2025): 85. https://doi.org/10.20528/cjcrl.2025.02.004.

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Mechanical properties of concrete are size dependent. While many reports have discussed the size effect of the test specimen on the static properties of concrete, research on the effect of cross-sectional dimensions of the concrete beams on its impact performance is still scarce. This research experimentally evaluates the relationship between the cross-sectional dimensions and orientation of the concrete beam specimens on their impact performance. Repetitive drop-weight test was used to evaluate the impact energy absorption capacity of different concrete beams. A loading protocol to evaluate t

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Narkhedkar, Ramesh. "A novel method of yarn cross-sectional area calculation." Research Journal of Textile and Apparel 20, no. 1 (2016): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rjta-01-2013-0004.

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Purpose This paper aims to study the yarn cross-section shape which is a very important yarn physical parameter and has a dominant effect on the physical structure of the yarn. Four factors affecting the yarn cross section, i.e. twist multiplier, Roving hank, spinning system and doubling technique, were investigated. Design/methodology/approach In past researches, the yarn cross-sectional area was calculated by considering any one yarn radius giving the approximate yarn cross-sectional area by assuming the yarn as a circular one. Findings In this study, a testing instrument is fabricated as sh

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Bolsterlee, Bart, Alistair N. Vardy, Frans C. T. van der Helm, and H. E. J. (DirkJan) Veeger. "The effect of scaling physiological cross-sectional area on musculoskeletal model predictions." Journal of Biomechanics 48, no. 10 (2015): 1760–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.05.005.

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7

Salvador, Ricardo J., Tara P. Nepal, and R. Brent Pearce. "Effect of Restricted Cross‐Sectional Peduncle Area on Grain Yield of Maize." Crop Science 34, no. 1 (1994): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1994.0011183x003400010024x.

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8

Dobrin, Philip B. "Effect of Histologic Preparation on the Cross-Sectional Area of Arterial Rings." Journal of Surgical Research 61, no. 2 (1996): 413–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jsre.1996.0138.

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9

Arda, Mustafa, and Metin Aydogdu. "Longitudinal Vibration of Variable Cross-Sectional Nanorods." Journal of Nano Research 64 (November 2020): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.64.49.

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Vibration problem of variable cross-sectional nanorods have been investigated. Analytical solutions have been determined for the variable cross-sectional nanorods for a family of cross-sectional variation. Cross-sectional area variation has been assumed as power function of the axial coordinate. Nonlocal governing equation of motion has been obtained as a second order linear differential equation. Bessel functions have been used in analytical solution of the governing differential equation. Effect of nonlocal and area variation power parameters on dynamics of nanorods have been analyzed. Mode

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10

Suwannamek, Natthaphop, Nanjaporn Ruangpaisarn, and Chureerat Prahsan. "Effect of Fiber Cross-Sectional Shape and Nano ZnO/Modified Chitosan Loading on Antibacterial Properties." Materials Science Forum 761 (July 2013): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.761.103.

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Antibacterial polypropylene cross-sectional shape fibers were melt spun with adding nano ZnO and modified chitosan. Two types of fiber cross-section, round and worm cross-sectional shape were studied including with nano ZnO and modified chitosan loading. Antibacterial properties, surface area, and fiber crystalization were investigated. The surface area of the fiber and antibacterial properties were directly related to the cross-sectional shape. The greater antibacterial properties was found at lower modified chitosan loading compared ZnO.

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11

Bai-jian, Tang, Wang Fei, and Chen Song. "Effect of Prestress Force on Natural Bending Frequency of External Prestressed Steel Beams." Open Civil Engineering Journal 12, no. 1 (2018): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149501812010062.

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Introduction: Natural bending frequencies of externally prestressed steel beam have certain sensitivity to prestress force, so they can be used to find the magnitude of prestress force. Methods: To answer the question if the existence of externally prestressed tendons increases or decreases the natural bending frequencies of a simply supported steel beam, the calculating formula for natural frequencies is deduced by using the energy method from the view point of prestress mechanism and further verified by the finite element method. Using this formula of universal property, the influence of pre

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12

Fouke, J. M., and K. P. Strohl. "Effect of position and lung volume on upper airway geometry." Journal of Applied Physiology 63, no. 1 (1987): 375–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1987.63.1.375.

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The occurrence of upper airway obstruction during sleep and with anesthesia suggests the possibility that upper airway size might be compromised by the gravitational effects of the supine position. We used an acoustic reflection technique to image airway geometry and made 180 estimates of effective cross-sectional area as a function of distance along the airway in 10 healthy volunteers while they were supine and also while they were seated upright. We calculated z-scores along the airway and found that pharyngeal cross-sectional area was smaller in the supine than in the upright position in 9

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13

Sun, Min, Hua Wang, Shi Feng Huang, and Xin Cheng. "Effect of Shape Parameter on the Performance of 1-3 Piezoelectric Composites." Advanced Materials Research 306-307 (August 2011): 301–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.306-307.301.

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1-3 polymer-based piezoelectric composites were fabricated using epoxy as matrix by the cut-filling method. The influences of shape parameter on properties of the piezoelectric composite, which include the unit cross-sectional area and the aspect ratio w/t were analyzed. The results indicate that with the increasing of the unit cross-sectional area, the quality factor valueQmincreases and the hydrostatic piezoelectric voltageghincreases and then goes down rapidly while the PMN volume fractionφ(PMN) is kept under the 50%. When theφ(PMN) is 60%,ghis decreased. The trend of the hydrostatic figure

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14

Gong, Baoping, Hao Cheng, Juemin Yan, Long Wang, Yongjin Feng, and Xiaoyu Wang. "Effects of the Aspect Ratio and Cross-Sectional Area of Rectangular Tubes on Packing Characteristics of Mono-Sized Pebble Beds." Energies 16, no. 1 (2023): 570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010570.

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The packing characteristics of a pebble bed are essential to understand the heat- and mass-transfer processes occurring within a granular system. Therefore, the packing characteristics of rectangular prismatic pebble beds randomly packed with mono-sized pebbles are analyzed. In terms of the average and local packing fraction distribution, coordination number, and radial distribution function, the effects of the rectangular tube aspect ratio and cross-sectional area on the packing properties of pebble beds are explored in depth. The findings indicate that the packing structures of the rectangul

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15

Gao, F., Y. R. Li, W. Xu, et al. "Upper airway morphological changes in obstructive sleep apnoea: effect of age on pharyngeal anatomy." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 134, no. 4 (2020): 354–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215120000766.

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AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the upper airway morphology changes associated with ageing in adult Chinese patients with obstructive sleep apnoea.MethodsA total of 124 male patients diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnoea by overnight polysomnography, who underwent upper airway computed tomography, were enrolled. The linear dimensions, cross-sectional area and volume of the upper airway region and the surrounding bony frame were measured. The association between ageing and upper airway morphology was analysed.ResultsSoft palate length, minimum cross-sectional area of the retroglossal region, lat

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Uluer, Mehmet S., Mehmet Sargin, and Betül Başaran. "Comparison of the effect of the right lateral tilt position and Trendelenburg position on the right internal jugular vein in healthy volunteers: A prospective observational study." Journal of Vascular Access 20, no. 6 (2019): 672–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1129729819838169.

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Background: Central venous cannulation is an invasive procedure commonly used by many physicians. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the right lateral tilt position on the cross-sectional area and size of the right internal jugular vein, and the relationship between the right internal jugular vein and the carotid artery. Method: Forty healthy volunteers aged over 18 years were included in this prospective, observational study. The right internal jugular vein cross-sectional area and the anatomic relationship with the carotid artery were assessed using ultrasound imaging. This

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17

Warren, Donald W., W. Michael Hairfield, and Eileen T. Dalston. "Effect of Age on Nasal Cross-Sectional Area and Respiratory Mode in Children." Laryngoscope 100, no. 1 (1990): 89???93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1288/00005537-199001000-00018.

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18

Phrukkanon, S., M. F. Burrow, and M. J. Tyas. "Effect of cross-sectional surface area on bond strengths between resin and dentin." Dental Materials 14, no. 2 (1998): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0109-5641(98)00018-9.

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19

Hatanaka, Hitoshi, and Paul R. Manske. "Effect of the Cross-Sectional Area of Locking Loops in Flexor Tendon Repair." Journal of Hand Surgery 24, no. 4 (1999): 751–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/jhsu.1999.0751.

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20

Hu, Yuncai, and Urs Schmidhalter. "Reduced cellular cross-sectional area in the leaf elongation zone of wheat causes a decrease in dry weight deposition under saline conditions." Functional Plant Biology 28, no. 2 (2001): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp00073.

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Expansion and dry weight (DW) of wheat leaves are spatially distributed along the axis and affected by salinity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of salinity on the spatial distribution of cellular cross-sectional area and DW in the elongating and mature leaf zones of leaf 4 of the main stem of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Lona) during its linear growth phase. Plants were grown in illitic–chloritic silt loam with 0 and 120 mM NaCl in a growth chamber. Cellular cross-sectional area and DW contents of leaves were determined on the 5–20-mm scale along the leaf axis

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21

Abumandour, Ramzy M., Mohammed A. El-Shorbagy, Islam M. Eldesoky, Mohamed H. Kamel, Hammad Alotaibi, and Ahmed L. Felila. "Deflection Analysis of a Nonlocal Euler–Bernoulli Nanobeam Model Resting on Two Elastic Foundations: A Generalized Differential Quadrature Approach." Symmetry 14, no. 11 (2022): 2342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14112342.

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This paper provides a general formularization of the nonlocal Euler–Bernoulli nanobeam model for a bending examination of the symmetric and asymmetric cross-sectional area of a nanobeam resting over two linear elastic foundations under the effects of different forces, such as axial and shear forces, by considering various boundary conditions’ effects. The governing formulations are determined numerically by the Generalized Differential Quadrature Method (GDQM). A deep search is used to analyze parameters—such as the nonlocal (scaling effect) parameter, nonuniformity of area, the presence of tw

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22

Pandey, Kanti. "Re-Reflection Effect On Shock Waves in Two-Phase Flows through a Tube of Variable Cross-Section." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 3, no. 12 (2018): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2018.3.12.933.

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In present paper Re-reflection effect on shock –waves in two-phase flows through a tube of variable cross-section is considered when particle volume fraction appeared as an additional variable .It is concluded that re-reflected effects reduce the cross sectional area .For two-phase flows when equilibrium is eventually established , presence of particle volume fraction , further reduce the cross – sectional area. One dimensional area relation for a non – uniform , steady flow ahead of a shock is obtained and concluded that all the results are valid for the case when direction of the shock motio

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Pandey, Kanti. "Re-Reflection Effect On Shock Waves in Two-Phase Flows through a Tube of Variable Cross-Section." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 3, no. 12 (2018): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2018.3.12.933.

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In present paper Re-reflection effect on shock –waves in two-phase flows through a tube of variable cross-section is considered when particle volume fraction appeared as an additional variable .It is concluded that re-reflected effects reduce the cross sectional area .For two-phase flows when equilibrium is eventually established , presence of particle volume fraction , further reduce the cross – sectional area. One dimensional area relation for a non – uniform , steady flow ahead of a shock is obtained and concluded that all the results are valid for the case when direction of the shock motio

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24

Rusu, Marius, Kathrin Mörseburg, Øyvind Gregersen, Asuka Yamakawa, and Sari Liukkonen. "Relation between fibre flexibility and cross-sectional properties." BioResources 6, no. 1 (2011): 641–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.6.1.641-655.

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The correlation between the fibre flexibility and cross-sectional area moment of inertia of thermomechanical pulp fibres was investigated. The main effects of refining were found to be internal fibrillation, external fibrillation, and fibre shortening. Internal fibrillation increases fibre flexibility and fibre collapsibility, improving fibre-to-fibre contact in a paper sheet. The raw materials used were pulps produced from six different Norway spruce logs and six different Scots pine logs, chosen in a manner that allowed variation of fibre wall thickness and fibril angle independently. Each w

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25

Takahashi, J., and H. Suito. "Effect of omitting small sectioned particles with limited cross-sectional area on characterisation of secondary phase particles." Materials Science and Technology 18, no. 1 (2002): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/026708301125000294.

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26

Suku, Yohanes Laka, and Kristoforus Je. "Modeling and Analysis of the Effect of Holes in Reinforced Concrete Column Structures." Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum 6, no. 1 (2020): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jcef.48722.

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Holes are often made inside the column structure for plumbing, mechanical, and electrical installation purposes may affect the structural performance of the column. Therefore, this paper aims to model and analyze the effect of holes in reinforced concrete column structures due to lateral loads. Data were obtained from the reference frame structure of the previous researcher, with varying centric column holes of 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, and 12%, respectively to the column cross-sectional area. Furthermore, a hole with a ratio of 4% to the column cross-sectional area was placed at 5 and 10 mm ec

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Roy, R. R., D. J. Pierotti, and V. R. Edgerton. "Skeletal Muscle Fiber Cross-Sectional Area: Effects of Freezing Procedures." Cells Tissues Organs 155, no. 2 (1996): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000147798.

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28

Aaboud, Bouchra, Laurent Bizet, Abdelghani Saouab, and Yasir Nawab. "Effect of the spatial variation of permeability on air bubble creation and compression." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 39, no. 7-8 (2020): 285–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731684419899475.

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Tow bundles inside a quasi-unidirectional non-crimp fabric are maintained by sewing threads that induce variation in the bundles’ shape. Indeed, the sewing threads apply a light clamping force that gives a periodical and sinusoidal shape to the tow’s cross-sectional area. This tow cross-sectional area heterogeneity, as a function of position in the fabric, induces a variation of the permeability values. Consequently, while injecting liquid into the fibrous bed, preform's impregnation is influenced as well as the fabric’s void content. The aim of this paper is to consider the effect of tow cros

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Nishida, Takashi, Eleonora Micheletti, Kareem Latif, Kelvin H. Du, Robert N. Weinreb, and Sasan Moghimi. "Impact of smoking on choroidal microvasculature dropout in glaucoma: a cross-sectional study." BMJ Open Ophthalmology 8, no. 1 (2023): e001421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjophth-2023-001421.

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ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of smoking on choroidal microvasculature dropout (MvD) in glaucoma.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingTertiary glaucoma centre.Participants223 eyes of 163 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma who had undergone imaging with optical coherence tomography angiography and completed a questionnaire on smoking from the Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study.Primary outcome measuresLinear mixed-effects models were used to determine the effect of each parameter on MvD area and angular circumference. The sensitivity analysis was performed by categorising the gla

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Hua, Qiu, Fu Yu ye, and Ge Mingqiao. "Effect of Geometry on Performance of Interlacer." Autex Research Journal 14, no. 2 (2014): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aut-2014-0004.

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Abstract Interlacer is the key part of interlacing technology that is adopted to improve the cohesion between loose multifilaments. Aimed at finding the interlacers with better performance, the present research designed five interlacers that can be classified into round type and cornered type. These five interlacers are different in cross-sectional shapes of yarn channel but are the same in the cross-sectional area. The evaluation of the performance of the interlacer includes the number and the strength of the tangles of the interlaced yarn it produces. Experiments are carried out at various s

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Wright, Robert, Donald E. Born, Troy Sanders, et al. "Reduced Fascicle Area Demonstrated in Ilioinguinal Nerves Resected from Primary Inguinal Herniorrhaphy Patients as Evidence of Compression Neuropathy." Pain Research and Management 2024 (May 20, 2024): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/3339753.

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Background and Aim. Previous studies have reported 63% of primary inguinal hernia patients present with apparent enlargement of the ilioinguinal nerve beyond the inguinal ring. This may be due to hernia-related pressure on the canal portion of the ilioinguinal nerve, a form of compression neuropathy. The ilioinguinal nerve of 30 patients was resected near the external inguinal ring during herniorrhaphy and histologically characterized to investigate the underlying cause of the size discrepancy. Methods. 30 male patients with primary inguinal hernias undergoing primary inguinal herniorrhaphy we

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Supej, Matej, Anton Kalén, Nina Verdel, Jan Ogrin, and Hans-Christer Holmberg. "The Contribution of Ski Poles to Aerodynamic Drag in Alpine Skiing." Applied Sciences 13, no. 14 (2023): 8152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13148152.

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The present study was designed to determine the contribution of the cross-sectional area of the ski poles (Sp) to the total aerodynamic drag during alpine skiing. At three different wind speeds in a wind tunnel, 10 skiers assumed typical alpine skiing postures (high, middle, and tuck), and their frontal aerodynamic drag was assessed with a force plate and their cross-sectional area, along with that of their ski poles, determined by interactive image segmentation. The data collected were utilized to examine intra-subject variation in Sp, the effects of Sp on the coefficient of aerodynamic drag

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Chen, Danguo, and Shengquan He. "Value of Lumbar MRI Parameters in the Evaluation of Postoperative Curative Effect on Patients with Lumbar Disc Herniation and Analysis of Risk Factors." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2021 (October 21, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4514704.

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Objective. For exploring the value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters in the evaluation of postoperative curative effect on patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH) and analyzing risk factors. Methods. Totally 60 patients confirmed with LDH in our hospital between Jan. 2018 and Jan. 2020 were enrolled into the observation group (Obs group) given transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (TED). In addition, 60 individuals with low back pain but no LDH over the same time span were enrolled into the control group (Con group). The two groups were given lumbar MRI, and the cross-sectional

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Nur Andhiska, Muhammad Adam, and Rusdiansyah Rusdiansyah. "THE EFFECT OF PILE CROSS-SECTION AREA AND STRAIGHTNESS ON FRICTION CAPACITY IN SOFT CLAY SOIL BASED ON LABORATORY MODEL SCALE." CERUCUK 9, no. 2 (2025): 80. https://doi.org/10.20527/crc.v9i2.14842.

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The bearing capacity of a foundation is influenced by the diameter and straightness of the pile because the bearing capacity is highly dependent on the resistance of the pile tip and the resistance of the pile cover and the shape of the pile affects the strength of the foundation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the value of the bearing capacity of the pile foundation on the cross-sectional area and the effect of pile misalignment.The method used in this study is the descriptive analysis method. Data were collected from laboratory tests with a comparison of the field scal

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SAITO, Sanetoshi. "G0500702 Investigation of the effect of the cross-sectional area of tunnel entrance hood." Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2015 (2015): _G0500702——_G0500702—. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2015._g0500702-.

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FUKUDA, Takashi, Shinya NAKAMURA, Tokuzo MIYACHI, and Sanetoshi SAITO. "Model Experiments on the Effect of the Cross-sectional Area of the Tunnel Hood." Proceedings of the Fluids engineering conference 2018 (2018): GS7–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmefed.2018.gs7-4.

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Lee, Jeong Gil, Hee Bin Park, Hye Young Shin, et al. "Effect of Trendelenburg position on right and left internal jugular vein cross-sectional area." Korean Journal of Anesthesiology 67, no. 5 (2014): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.4097/kjae.2014.67.5.305.

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Kim, Hyerim, Jee-Eun Chang, Jung-Man Lee, Sung-Hee Han, Jung-Hee Ryu, and Jin-Young Hwang. "The Effect of Head Position on the Cross-Sectional Area of the Subclavian Vein." Anesthesia & Analgesia 126, no. 6 (2018): 1946–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1213/ane.0000000000002446.

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ENDO, SHINYA, KEISHOKU SAKURABA, ATSUSHI KUBOTA, and JIRO SHIKAKURA. "The Effect of Cooling on Muscle Strength and Muscle Cross-Sectional Area During Detraining." Juntendo Medical Journal 62, Suppl.1 (2016): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.14789/jmj.62.s166.

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Rowley, James A., Carrie S. Sanders, Brian R. Zahn, and M. Safwan Badr. "Effect of REM sleep on retroglossal cross-sectional area and compliance in normal subjects." Journal of Applied Physiology 91, no. 1 (2001): 239–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2001.91.1.239.

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It has been proposed that the upper airway compliance should be highest during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Evidence suggests that the increased compliance is secondary to an increased retroglossal compliance. To test this hypothesis, we examined the effect of sleep stage on the relationship of retroglossal cross-sectional area (CSA; visualized with a fiber-optic scope) to pharyngeal pressure measured at the level of the oropharynx during eupneic breathing in subjects without significant sleep-disordered breathing. Breaths during REM sleep were divided into phasic (associated with eye movem

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Nygren, A. T., M. Karlsson, B. Norman, and L. Kaijser. "Effect of glycogen loading on skeletal muscle cross-sectional area and T2 relaxation time." Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 173, no. 4 (2001): 385–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-201x.2001.00913.x.

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Cihat Tuna, M., Fahri Ozkan, and Ahmet Baylar. "Experimental investigations of aeration efficiency in high-head gated circular conduits." Water Science and Technology 69, no. 6 (2014): 1275–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2014.021.

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The primary purpose of water aeration is to increase the oxygen saturation of the water. This can be achieved by using hydraulic structures because of substantial air bubble entrainment at these structures. Closed conduit aeration is a particular instance of this. While there has been a great deal of research on air-demand ratio within closed conduit, very little research has specifically addressed aeration efficiency of closed conduit. In the present work an experimental study was conducted to investigate the aeration efficiency of high-head gated circular conduits. Results showed that high-h

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Solonsky, A., T. V. Shushpanova, E. G. Solonskaya, N. A. Bokhan, and S. V. Logvinov. "Effect of Prenatal Exposure to Alcohol on the Development of Brain Vessels in Human Embryos and Fetuses." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (2017): S639. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1052.

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IntroductionHuman embryos are most susceptible to exogenous effects during the first weeks of development.AimStudy the effects of prenatal alcohol intoxication on morphometric measures of developing vessels in the human embryonic and fetal cerebrum.MethodsEmbryos and fetuses (7–12 weeks): 23 obtained from alcoholic women with stage II alcoholism (the experimental group) and 30 from healthy women (the control group). The research involved electron microscopy, computer morphometry, parametric method of variational statistics and Scion software to determine mean vascular cross-sectional area, the

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Gao, Guanying, Cheng Wang, Rongge Liu, Jianquan Wang, Yingfang Ao, and Yan Xu. "Effect of Changes in Iliocapsularis Cross-sectional Area on Hip Arthroscopy Outcomes: Clinical and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Follow-up." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 11, no. 2 (2023): 232596712211497. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23259671221149700.

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Background: The function of the iliocapsularis (IC) muscle is still unclear. Previous studies have reported that the cross-sectional area of the IC may be useful in identifying borderline developmental dysplasia of the hip (BDDH). Purpose: To evaluate the pre- to postoperative changes in IC cross-sectional area in patients with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and to determine if there are any associations with clinical outcomes after hip arthroscopy. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: The authors retrospectively evaluated patients who underwent arthroscopic surgery f

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Kim, Taeyun, Seung-Hak Baek, and Jin-Young Choi. "Effect of posterior impaction and setback of the maxilla on retropalatal airway and velopharyngeal dimensions after two-jaw surgery in skeletal Class III patients." Angle Orthodontist 85, no. 4 (2015): 625–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/041614-281.1.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the changes in retropalatal airway and velopharyngeal dimensions after posterior impaction (PI) only or PI and setback (PI/SB) of the maxilla in patients with skeletal Class III undergoing two-jaw surgery. Materials and Methods: Subjects consisted of 60 Class III patients treated with two-jaw surgery. They were divided into two groups: group 1 (n = 30; PI of the maxilla; mean = 2.6 mm) and group 2 (n = 30; PI/SB of the maxilla; mean = 2.8 mm and 1.8 mm, respectively). Using three dimensional computed tomography images taken 1month before surgery (T0) and at leas

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Cargill, P. J., S. J. Bradshaw, J. A. Klimchuk, and W. T. Barnes. "Static and dynamic solar coronal loops with cross-sectional area variations." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 509, no. 3 (2021): 4420–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab3163.

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ABSTRACT The Enthalpy Based Thermal Evolution of Loops approximate model for static and dynamic coronal loops is developed to include the effect of a loop cross-sectional area which increases from the base of the transition region (TR) to the corona. The TR is defined as the part of a loop between the top of the chromosphere and the location where thermal conduction changes from an energy loss to an energy gain. There are significant differences from constant area loops due to the manner in which the reduced volume of the TR responds to conductive and enthalpy fluxes from the corona. For stati

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Firmansyah, Wahyu, Nunik Cokrowati, and Andre Rachmat Scabra. "The Effect of Different Size Recirculation Systems on the Quality of Water in Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Culture." Jurnal Perikanan dan Kelautan 26, no. 2 (2021): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/jpk.26.2.85-93.

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This study aims to analyze the effect of different cross-sectional areas of recirculation systems on water quality in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) rearing. The method used is an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD), 4 treatments and 3 replications each. The treatments are P0 (conventional), P1 (2 cross-sectional units with an area of 1,087 cm2), P2 (4 section units with an area of 2,174 cm2), P3 (6 section units with an area of 3,261 cm2). Each treatment used the same filter, namely cotton, zeolite, pumice stone, and bio balls. The results of the research the highes

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Watson, H. L., D. A. Poole, and M. A. Sackner. "Accuracy of respiratory inductive plethysmographic cross-sectional areas." Journal of Applied Physiology 65, no. 1 (1988): 306–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1988.65.1.306.

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The present study was undertaken to evaluate whether the respiratory inductive plethysmograph (RIP) 1) reflects changes of cross-sectional area enclosed by its transducer band in the presence of deformations of shape or whether it 2) has a stable base line. Testing of RIP was carried out with a device incorporating a thermally compensated oscillator and digital demodulatory circuitry. This system, introduced to commerce in 1983, superceded the nonthermal compensated oscillatory and analog demodulator circuitry first used in 1977. Testing the effects of changing cross-sectional area was accompl

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Tomko, Patrick M., Tyler WD Muddle, Mitchel A. Magrini, Ryan J. Colquhoun, Micheal J. Luera, and Nathaniel DM Jenkins. "Reliability and differences in quadriceps femoris muscle morphology using ultrasonography: The effects of body position and rest time." Ultrasound 26, no. 4 (2018): 214–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1742271x18780127.

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Introduction The purpose of this investigation was to: (1) to determine the reliability of rectus femoris muscle cross-sectional area and echo intensity obtained using panoramic ultrasound imaging during seated and supine lying positions before and after a 5-minute rest period and (2) to determine the influence of body position and rest period on the magnitude of rectus femoris muscle cross-sectional area and echo intensity measurements. Methods A total of 23 males and females (age = 21.5 ± 1.9 years) visited the laboratory on two separate occasions. During each visit, panoramic ultrasound ima

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Siripuram, Ravinder B., and Lyndon S. Stephens. "Effect of Deterministic Asperity Geometry on Hydrodynamic Lubrication." Journal of Tribology 126, no. 3 (2004): 527–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1715104.

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This paper presents a numerical study of the effects of different shapes of deterministic microasperities in sliding surface lubrication when hydrodynamic films are found. Positive (protruding) and negative (recessed) asperities of constant height (depth) are considered with circular, square, diamond, hexagonal and triangular cross-sections. Of particular interest is the impact of asperity/cavity cross-sectional geometry on friction and leakage, which has importance in sealing applications. The results indicate that the friction coefficient is insensitive to asperity/cavity shape, but quite se

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