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Academic literature on the topic 'Effect of drought'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 19 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Effect of drought"

Jedd, Theresa, Deborah Bathke, Duane Gill, Bimal Paul, Nicole Wall, Tonya Bernadt, Jacob Petr, Anthony Mucia, and Milan Wall. "Tracking Drought Perspectives: A Rural Case Study of Transformations Following an Invisible Hazard." Weather, Climate, and Society 10, no. 4 (August 15, 2018): 653–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-17-0067.1.

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Abstract Rural towns are especially susceptible to the effects of drought because their economies are dependent on natural resources. However, they are also resilient in many ways to natural hazards because they are rich in civic engagement and social capital. Because of the diverse nature of drought’s impacts, understanding its complex dynamics and its effects requires a multidisciplinary approach. To study these dynamics, this research combines appreciative inquiry, the Community Capitals Framework, and a range of climatological monitoring data to assess the 2012–14 Great Plains drought’s effect on McCook, Nebraska. Community coping measures, such as water-use reduction and public health programs, were designed to address the immediate effects of heat and scant rainfall during the initial summer and the subsequent years. Residents generally reported the community was better prepared than in previous droughts, including the persistent multiyear early-2000s drought. However, the results highlight wide variation in community perspectives about the drought’s severity and impacts, as well as divergent experiences and coping responses. Despite these factors, we find evidence of the transformative potential of moving from drought coping to drought mitigation. We attribute the city’s resilience to the ability to draw upon prior experience with droughts, having a formal municipal plan, and strong human and social capital to coordinate individual knowledge and expertise across agencies. We suggest that droughts have served a catalytic function, prompting the community to transform land-use practices, water conservation planning, and built infrastructure in lasting ways.

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Nasir, Muhammad Waqar, and Zoltan Toth. "Effect of Drought Stress on Potato Production: A Review." Agronomy 12, no. 3 (March 4, 2022): 635. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12030635.

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Potato is the third most consumed crop globally after rice and wheat. It is a short-duration crop, versatile in use, suitable for growing in a wide range of environments, and its production is increasing rapidly. The modern potato is considered a drought-sensitive crop, and it is susceptible to yield loss because of drought stress. Unfortunately, drought severity, frequency, and extent have been increasing around the globe because of climate change. Potato drought susceptibility has primarily been attributed to its shallow root system. However, several studies in past decades have suggested that drought susceptibility of potato also depends upon the type, developmental stage, and the morphology of the genotype, and the duration and severity of drought stress. They have been overlooked, and root depth is considered the only significant cause of potato drought susceptibility. This review combines these studies to understand the varying response of potato genotypes. This review also explores the current potato production scenario and the effect of varying degrees of drought stress on potatoes’ growth, development, and yield. In the absence of drought-tolerant genotypes, agronomic practices should be improved to mitigate drought stress. Late maturing cultivars, nutrient management, mulching, and foliar application of plant growth regulators can be used during prolonged droughts. Irrigation at tuber initiation and the tuber bulking stage during early droughts can reduce the adverse effects of drought.

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KANWAL, VINITA, SMITA SIROHI, and PREM CHAND. "Effect of drought on livestock enterprise: Evidence from Rajasthan." Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 90, no. 1 (February 18, 2020): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v90i1.98229.

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Livestock act as a cushion against vagaries of nature and augment income of the farmers, particularly in drought prone Rajasthan. However, to what extent it withheld the adverse climatic situation has been a less probed area at least at macro-level. This paper studies the impact of drought on milk and meat enterprises in the drought prone state of Rajasthan using district level secondary data for the period of 1983/84 to 2015/16. Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) was used to determine drought years. Results indicated that although the sector has been able to absorb the minor shocks of droughts, the major droughts affect the livestock adversely. The drought prone districts of western Rajasthan were found to be much prepared for drought than the southern and south eastern districts. Study recommends that the strategies followed by western districts such as stock of fodder, fodder bank, perennial grasses, etc. should be promoted in rest of the areas of the state for sustainable livestock production.

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Ritson, Jonathan P., Richard E. Brazier, Nigel J. D. Graham, Chris Freeman, Michael R. Templeton, and Joanna M. Clark. "The effect of drought on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) release from peatland soil and vegetation sources." Biogeosciences 14, no. 11 (June 16, 2017): 2891–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2891-2017.

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Abstract. Drought conditions are expected to increase in frequency and severity as the climate changes, representing a threat to carbon sequestered in peat soils. Downstream water treatment works are also at risk of regulatory compliance failures and higher treatment costs due to the increase in riverine dissolved organic carbon (DOC) often observed after droughts. More frequent droughts may also shift dominant vegetation in peatlands from Sphagnum moss to more drought-tolerant species. This paper examines the impact of drought on the production and treatability of DOC from four vegetation litters (Calluna vulgaris, Juncus effusus, Molinia caerulea and Sphagnum spp.) and a peat soil. We found that mild droughts caused a 39.6 % increase in DOC production from peat and that peat DOC that had been exposed to oxygen was harder to remove by conventional water treatment processes (coagulation/flocculation). Drought had no effect on the amount of DOC production from vegetation litters; however large variation was observed between typical peatland species (Sphagnum and Calluna) and drought-tolerant grassland species (Juncus and Molinia), with the latter producing more DOC per unit weight. This would therefore suggest the increase in riverine DOC often observed post-drought is due entirely to soil microbial processes and DOC solubility rather than litter layer effects. Long-term shifts in species diversity may, therefore, be the most important impact of drought on litter layer DOC flux, whereas pulses related to drought may be observed in peat soils and are likely to become more common in the future. These results provide evidence in support of catchment management which increases the resilience of peat soils to drought, such as ditch blocking to raise water tables.

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Gevaert, Anouk I., Ted I. E. Veldkamp, and Philip J. Ward. "The effect of climate type on timescales of drought propagation in an ensemble of global hydrological models." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 22, no. 9 (September 6, 2018): 4649–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4649-2018.

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Abstract. Drought is a natural hazard that occurs at many temporal and spatial scales and has severe environmental and socioeconomic impacts across the globe. The impacts of drought change as drought evolves from precipitation deficits to deficits in soil moisture or streamflow. Here, we quantified the time taken for drought to propagate from meteorological drought to soil moisture drought and from meteorological drought to hydrological drought. We did this by cross-correlating the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) against standardized indices (SIs) of soil moisture, runoff, and streamflow from an ensemble of global hydrological models (GHMs) forced by a consistent meteorological dataset. Drought propagation is strongly related to climate types, occurring at sub-seasonal timescales in tropical climates and at up to multi-annual timescales in continental and arid climates. Winter droughts are usually related to longer SPI accumulation periods than summer droughts, especially in continental and tropical savanna climates. The difference between the seasons is likely due to winter snow cover in the former and distinct wet and dry seasons in the latter. Model structure appears to play an important role in model variability, as drought propagation to soil moisture drought is slower in land surface models (LSMs) than in global hydrological models, but propagation to hydrological drought is faster in land surface models than in global hydrological models. The propagation time from SPI to hydrological drought in the models was evaluated against observed data at 127 in situ streamflow stations. On average, errors between observed and modeled drought propagation timescales are small and the model ensemble mean is preferred over the use of a single model. Nevertheless, there is ample opportunity for improvement as substantial differences in drought propagation are found at 10 % of the study sites. A better understanding and representation of drought propagation in models may help improve seasonal drought forecasting as well as constrain drought variability under future climate scenarios.

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Chen, Zhong Lin, Su Nan Xu, Yue Li, Shi Xie, Li Xia Fan, and Li Hong Zhang. "The Effect of Different Drought Stress on Antioxidant Enzymes and Lipid Peroxidation on Zoysia japonica." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 5489–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.5489.

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The objective of this study was to understand the effects of mild, moderate and severe drought stress on zoysiagrass(Zoysia japonica). Superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were investigated. Mild drought(60%-70% of field capacity), moderate drought(45%-55% of field capacity), and severe drought (25%-35% of field capacity) were remained for 16 days. A gradual increase was observed in SOD activity of Zoysiagrass from 1 to13 days of drought stress in all treatments. POD and CAT activity, and lipid peroxidation increased in all treatments, and maximum change was happened in severe drought group. Severe drought has more serious damage to Zoysia japonica than mild drought and moderate drough. This suggests that Zoysiagrass has excellent drought tolerance and its ability to survive in the drought environment is very strong.

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Lucas-Borja, Manuel Esteban, Arun K. Bose, Enrique Andivia, David Candel-Pérez, Pedro A. Plaza-Álvarez, and Juan C. Linares. "Assessing Tree Drought Resistance and Climate-Growth Relationships under Different Tree Age Classes in a Pinus nigra Arn. ssp. salzmannii Forest." Forests 12, no. 9 (August 27, 2021): 1161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12091161.

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The magnitude of drought impact in forest ecosystems depends on which group of trees are more severely affected; greater mortality of smaller trees can modulate the trajectories of succession, while the mortality of larger trees can disproportionately offset the ecosystem’s carbon balance. Several studies have documented a greater vulnerability of large trees to extreme droughts while some other studies reported a greater growth reduction in smaller trees during droughts. We tested these hypotheses by comparing tree basal area increment (BAI), drought resistance (i.e., magnitude of growth decline during drought), and resilience (i.e., magnitude of growth recovery after drought) across five different age-classes in black pine (Pinus nigra Arn. ssp. salzmannii) forests in Spain. Our results showed that the BAI patterns, drought resistance, and resilience were strongly influenced by tree age-classes. In addition, the effect of climatic water balance (precipitation minus potential evapotranspiration) on BAI significantly varied among age-classes. The effect of water balance on BAI was lower for younger age-classes (1–39 years of age) compared to older age-classes. We observed a greater growth reduction (i.e., lower resistance) in older trees (>40 years of age) during droughts compared to younger trees (<40 years of age). However, all trees, irrespective of their ages, were able to recover the growth rates after the drought. In general, younger trees showed a greater capacity in recovering the growth rate (i.e., more resilient) than older trees. We detected no significant effects of stand basal area and stand density on BAI, drought resistance, and resilience. Overall, our results indicated that growth of older trees was more negatively affected during drought. Therefore, these older/larger trees can be selected for commercial thinning, or can be released from competition, which can minimize the potential impacts of future droughts in black pine forests in Spain.

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Krishna Prabhakar, Sivapuram Venkata Rama. "Implications of Regional Droughts and Transboundary Drought Risks on Drought Monitoring and Early Warning: A Review." Climate 10, no. 9 (August 23, 2022): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli10090124.

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Regional droughts are increasing in frequency and climate change projections indicate an exacerbation in the occurrence of regional droughts in the future. Droughts are complex hydrometeorological events, and the complexity of cause-and-effect relationships across administrative and political borders can make drought management a challenge. While countries are largely focused on assessing drought impacts within their borders, thereby providing focused information for the relevant administration, the impact on communities, industries, and countries that are distantly connected with the affected location must also be taken into consideration. If not considered, drought impacts can be underestimated, and adaptation actions undertaken may not completely address the drought risks. Understanding transboundary drought risks is an important and integral part of drought risk reduction and it will grow in importance as the world experiences more integration at regional and global levels on multiple fronts. To address drought risks comprehensively, the new paradigm demands that the impacts of regional droughts are fully understood, that this understanding is incorporated into drought monitoring and early warning systems, and that drought early warning information is provided to all stakeholders, including those beyond the boundaries of the affected region, thereby eliciting appropriate action.

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Wossenyeleh, Buruk Kitachew, Kaleb Asnake Worku, Boud Verbeiren, and Marijke Huysmans. "Drought propagation and its impact on groundwater hydrology of wetlands: a case study on the Doode Bemde nature reserve (Belgium)." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 21, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-39-2021.

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Abstract. Drought can be described as a temporary decrease in water availability over a significant period that affects both surface and groundwater resources. Droughts propagate through the hydrological cycle and may impact vulnerable ecosystems. This paper investigates drought propagation in the hydrological cycle, focusing on assessing its impact on a groundwater-fed wetland ecosystem. Meteorological drought indices were used to analyze meteorological drought severity. Moreover, a method for assessing groundwater drought and its propagation in the aquifer was developed and applied. Groundwater drought was analyzed using the variable threshold method. Furthermore, meteorological drought and groundwater drought on recharge were compared to investigate drought propagation in the hydrological cycle. This research is carried out in the Doode Bemde wetland in central Belgium. The results of this research show that droughts are attenuated in the groundwater system. The number and severity of drought events on groundwater discharge were smaller than for groundwater recharge. However, the onset of both drought events occurred at the same time, indicating a quick response of the groundwater system to hydrological stresses. In addition, drought propagation in the hydrological cycle indicated that not all meteorological droughts result in groundwater drought. Furthermore, this drought propagation effect was observed in the wetland.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Effect of drought"

Leelaruban, Navaratnam. "Spatial Scale Dependence of Drought Characteristics and Impact of Drought on Agriculture and Groundwater." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10365/25912.

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Drought is a water related natural hazard. It is difficult to characterize drought because of its diffused nature and spatiotemporal variability. However, understanding the variability of drought characteristics such as severity, frequency, duration, and spatial extent is critical in drought mitigation and planning. Impact of drought on agriculture, water supply, and energy sectors has been long-recognized. The current understanding of drought and its impact is limited due to its complex characteristics and ways in which it impacts various sectors. This study focuses on two important aspects of drought: variability of drought characteristics across different spatial scales, and impact of droughts on crop yield and groundwater. Two drought indices, one integrating severity and spatial coverage, and also taking into account the type of specific crops, were investigated for county level use. The developed indices were used in studying drought at the county level, and its impact on crop yields. These indices can be used for resource allocation at the county level for drought management. Drought is reported in the United States (U.S.) for different administrative units at different spatial scales. The variation of drought characteristics across different spatial scales and scale dependence was investigated, demonstrating the importance of considering spatial scales in drought management. A methodology is proposed to quantify the uncertainty in reported values of drought indices using geostatistical tools. The uncertainty was found to increase with increasing spatial scale size. Artificial Neural Network and regression methods were used to model the impact of drought on crop yield and groundwater resources. Relationships of crop yields and groundwater levels with drought indices were obtained. Overall, this study contributes towards understanding of the spatial variation of drought characteristics across different spatial scales, and the impact of drought on crop yields and groundwater levels.
North Dakota Water Recourses Research Institute (ND WRRI) Fellowship Program
North Dakota State University Graduate School Doctoral Dissertation Award

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Ahmadi, Behzad. "On the Drought Recovery and Resiliency: How Terrestrial and Riverine Ecosystems Recover from Agricultural and Hydrological Droughts." PDXScholar, 2019. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4834.

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Climate extremes, in particular droughts are significant driving forces towards riverine and terrestrial ecosystems disturbance. Drought impacts on stream ecosystems include losses that can either be direct (e.g. destruction of habitat for aquatic species) or indirect (e.g. deterioration of water quality, soil quality, and increased chance of wildfires). This study investigates hydrological and agricultural droughts and their recovery durations. For the riverine ecosystems, this study combines hydrologic drought and water quality changes during droughts and represents a multi-stage framework to detect and characterize hydrological droughts, while considering water quality parameters. Hydrological droughts are categorized into three stages of growth, persistence, retreat, and water quality variables (i.e., water temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration, and turbidity) are utilized to further investigate drought recovery. The framework is applied to 400 streamflow gauges across the Contiguous United States (CONUS) over the study period of 1950-2016. The framework is assessed and validated based on three drought events declared by the state of California in 2002, 2008, and for the 2012 US drought, which affected most of the nation. Results reveal the duration, frequency, and severity of historical droughts in various regions, additionally, duration of each stage of drought (i.e., growth, persistence, and retreat) is also assessed and the spatial patterns are diagnosed across the CONUS. Varied drought recovery durations are perceived for different water quality variables, and in general, it takes about two more months for water quality variables to recover from a drought, following the hydrological drought termination. For the terrestrial ecosystem, this study evaluated drought impacts on gross primary productivity (GPP), evapotranspiration (ET), and water use efficiency (WUE = GPP/ET) of different terrestrial ecosystems over the CONUS, as well as the drought-recovery during the period of 2000 to 2014. The response of WUE to drought showed large differences in various regions and biomes. WUE for arid ecosystems typically showed a positive response (increase) to drought, whereas WUE for humid ecosystems showed both positive and negative response to drought. The results revealed that WUE is correlated with drought severity, and for more severe droughts, WUE changes more significantly. Furthermore, terrestrial drought recovery shows a positive correlation with drought severity and in regions that experienced more severe drought episodes, ecosystem requires longer period to recover.

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Driver, Lucas J. "Dynamics of Stream Fish Metacommunities in Response to Drought and Re-connectivity." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc804923/.

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This dissertation investigates the spatio-temporal dynamics of intermittent stream fish metacommunities in response drought-induced fragmentation and re-connectivity using both field and experimental approaches. A detailed field study was conducted in two streams and included pre-drought, drought, and post-drought hydrological periods. Fish assemblages and metacommunity structure responded strongly to changes in hydrological conditions with dramatic declines in species richness and abundance during prolonged drought. Return of stream flows resulted in a trend toward recovery but ultimately assemblages failed to fully recover. Differential mortality, dispersal, recruitment among species indicates species specific responses to hydrologic fragmentation, connectivity, and habitat refugia. Two manipulative experiments tested the effects of drought conditions on realistic fish assemblages. Fishes responded strongly to drought conditions in which deeper pools acted as refugia, harboring greater numbers of fish. Variability in assemblage structure and movement patterns among stream pools indicated species specific habitat preferences in response predation, resource competition, and desiccation. Connecting stream flows mediated the impacts of drought conditions and metacommunity dynamics in both experiments. Results from field and experimental studies indicate that stream fish metacommunities are influenced by changes in hydrological conditions and that the timing, duration, and magnitude of drought-induced fragmentation and reconnecting stream flows have important consequences metacommunity dynamics.

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Ren, Xiaomeng, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Agricultural vulnerability to drought in southern Alberta : a quantitative assessment." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2007, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/398.

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Agricultural vulnerability is generally referred to as the degree to which agricultural systems are likely to experience harm due to a stress. In this study, an existing analytical method to quantify vulnerability was adopted to assess the magnitude as well as the spatial pattern of agricultural vulnerability to varying drought conditions in Southern Alberta. Based on the farm reported data and remote sensing imagery, two empirical approaches were developed to implement vulnerability assessment in Southern Alberta at the quarter-section and 30 meter by 30 meter pixel levels. Cereal crop yield and the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) were specified as the agricultural wellbeing and stress pair in the study. Remote sensing data were used to generate cereal crop yield estimations, which were then implemented in vulnerability quantification. The utility of the remote sensing data source for vulnerability assessment were proved. The spatial pattern of agricultural vulnerability to different severity and duration of drought were mapped.
xii, 127 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm.

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Amlin, Nadine M., and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Influences of drought and flood stresses on riparian cottonwoods and willows." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2000, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/113.

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Cottonwoods (Populus sp.) and willows (Salix sp.) are generally limited to riparian landscapes in semi-arid regions of western North America. Water availability is a major determining factor for the establishment, growth and survival of these plants. Willows generally occur closer to the stream and at lower elevations than cottonwoods, suggesting reduced drought tolerance and increased flood tolerance. In the present thesis project, three related studies were conducted to investigate this hypothesis. Firstly, tolerable rates of water table decline and the impacts of the corresponding drought stress were investigated by growing cottonwoods and willows under water table decline rates from 0 to 12 cm/d. Willow saplings responded similarly to cottonwood saplings, but willow seedlings were more vulnerable than cottonwood seedlings to rapid rates of water table decline. In the second study, will saplings tolerated elevated water tables of 0 to 7.5 cm below substrate surface and the resulting flood stress for 152 days slightly better than cottonwood saplings. Finally, mature cottonwoods along Willow Creek, Alberta experienced water table decline from 1996 to 1998 due to water pumping in a nearby gravel pit; the water table recovered in 1999. The cottownwoods displayed physiological changes indicating drought stress in 1998 and recovered following restoration of the water table. This confirmed the cottonwoods' reliance on the water table as their primary moisture source. These studies indicate that the spatial separation of willows and cottonwoods may be particularly related to reduced drought tolerance of willows and these display only slightly increased flood tolerance of willos and these display only slightly increased flood tolerances. The studies confirm that both willows and cottonwoods are physiologically dependent on a sufficient riparian water table.
85 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm.

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Leblanc, Rosanne. "Protein synthesis and drought stress in two rapeseed cultivars." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60487.

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Desiccation effects on rate and pattern of protein synthesis in Brassica napus (cv westar) and Brassica juncea (cv cutlass) have been examined. Results showed that while the rate of water loss was similar in the two species, the inhibition of amino acid incorporation was greater in B. napus than B. juncea at any given level of desiccation. Electrolyte leakage increased with the degree of desiccation and was greater in B. napus than in B. juncea. In both, the increase in leakage was much sharper after 12 hours of desiccation. Quantitative changes in patterns of boiling-stable protein synthesis due to desiccation stress were observed. The control level of protein radioactivity which was boiling-stable in B. napus was 16.16% and 19.96% for B. juncea. After desiccation, the percentage of boiling-stable radioactivity increased to 23.30% for B. juncea and 16.63% for B. napus. In vitro translation of total RNA indicated that desiccation alone does not induce the synthesis of new mRNA species in either cultivar, but it may change the translation pattern resulting in different levels of abundance of proteins.

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Mandumbu, Ronald. "The stability of tolerance of Sorghum spp to Striga asiatica L. Kuntze under diverse conditions and existence of pre-attachment resistance." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/2788.

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Sorghum is the fifth most important cereal in the world and a staple food for humans. It is also a source of food and fodder for animals. In addition to the abiotic stresses such as drought, parasitic weeds of the genus Striga cause losses in sorghum production in sub Saharan Africa. Striga asiatica is a parasitic weed that attacks cereals in low input agricultural systems and is distributed throughout semi- arid regions of Africa. Most sorghum producing farmers rely on tolerance for their harvests in Striga infested fields yet the stability of tolerance in the face of a changing climate (recurrent droughts), new farming systems (mulch based agriculture) and existence of various Striga strains needs further investigation. Reduced strigolactones production was also studied as a resistance mechanism. The first study was focused on the determination of tolerance of Striga asiatica infested sorghum under drought in a pot study. Five sorghum lines were subjected to infestation with Striga and some were not infested while watering was done at 50 percent field capacity (FC) and 100 percent FC. The results showed that the five sorghum lines differed significantly in chlorophyll content and Normalised Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI). Infection did not lower chlorophyll content when it co-occurred with drought across all sorghum lines. Drought and infestation had mutually exclusive effects on chlorophyll content and NDVI. Under infestation, internode length was similar both at 100 percent FC and at 50 percent FC while under uninfested conditions, 100 percent FC gave the longer internode compared to 50 percent FC. Both infestation and irrigation regime reduced the sorghum head weight, illustrating that the two effects have synergistic effects on sorghum head weight. The second study sought to determine the effects of mulching and infestation on sorghum spp tolerance to Striga asiatica. The experiments were carried out in the seasons 2013/14 and 2014/15 summer seasons. The results indicated that mulching increased chlorophyll content in the 2014/15 season which was a drier season compared to 2013/14. In the 2014/15 season, mulching increased chlorophyll content in all varieties except Ruzangwaya, Mukadziusaende and SC Sila. When the same varieties were infested under mulch and infested without mulch, the results showed that mulching overcomes the effects of infestation in some varieties. Mulch also negates the effect of Striga parasitism and results in yield maintenance in sorghum varieties. The third study sought to determine the stability of sorghum lines when exposed to two Striga asiatica lines sourced from two places which are 500 km apart in Zimbabwe. The two strains were termed the Chiundura and Rushinga strains, based on where they were sourced. The experiments were conducted at Henderson Research Station (HRS) at Mazoe and at Bindura University of Science Education (BUSE). The results showed differential virulence for some traits while the two strains were equally virulent for some traits. The two strains were equally virulent on all sorghum lines with respect to chlorophyll content. The different sorghum lines responded differently to the effects of the two strains. The effects of the two strains were generally similar for head index, root index, and leaf index at all sites. Generally the Chiundura strain was more virulent to sorghum lines compared to Rushinga strain, confirming the existence of physiological strains of Striga in Zimbabwe. Therefore physiological speciation of Striga asiatica exists and this adds a further dimension to the complexity of Striga management in the smallholder sector. Quantification of strigolactone production by different sorghum genotypes was conducted in the laboratory using the agar gel assay. The genotype Mukadziusaende produced significantly the least (P<0.01) quantities of strigolactones, as inferred from the maximum germination distance (MGD) from the sorghum root. The MGD was negatively correlated to tiller numbers illustrating that the more the strigolactones the less the tillering capacity. Tiller numbers and MGD can therefore be used to select for reduced strigolactones production.

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Banfield-Zanin, Jennifer A. "The effect of drought stress on the green spruce aphid." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/18966.

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The green spruce aphid, Elatobium abietinum (Walker) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is the most important defoliating pest of Sitka spruce, Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr., in the U.K. Currently, populations of this aphid are limited by freezing periods in the winter, while interactions between climate and other factors regulate population dynamics. Climate change in the U.K. is predicted to result in: (1) warmer winters, improving overwinter survival by aphid populations, and (2) an increase in hot and dry summers, likely to place Sitka spruce under drought stress. These could promote aphid densities and increased damage to the trees, resulting in losses to plant growth and productivity. Few studies have been conducted on the effect of drought stress on arboreal herbivores. This project sought to explore the effects of different intensities of spring-summer drought stress on E. abietinum on Sitka spruce. Populations and their effects on their host plant, in terms of needle retention and impact on tree growth, were observed in a semi-field nursery setting. The performance of individual aphids was also observed under controlled conditions at intervals following bud-burst in spring, and again in autumn. Finally, a study was conducted on the consumption rates of specialist and generalist Coccinellid predators feeding on aphids reared under differing drought intensities. Elatobium abietinum exhibited an overall positive response to moderate intermittent drought stress, while severe stress was typically detrimental. When considered with aphid size, Coccinellid predator consumption rates reflected these findings. Changes to damage levels on Sitka spruce can therefore be expected under drought stress; increases are likely under moderate intermittent stress, though the nature of changes under severe stress levels remain unclear. The results revealed complex interactions between drought stress, E. abietinum and Sitka spruce. Given the potential impact of the aphid, it is important to understand the possible responses under climate change.

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Janislampi, Kaerlek W. "Effect of Silicon on Plant Growth and Drought Stress Tolerance." DigitalCommons@USU, 2012. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1360.

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Silicon is not considered an essential nutrient, but it is typically abundant in soils and can be taken up in large amounts by plants. Silicon is known to have beneficial effects when added to rice and several other plants. These effects include disease and insect resistance, structural fortification, and regulation of the uptake of other ions. In this study, the effect of silicic acid fertilization on the growth and drought tolerance of four crop plants (corn, wheat, soybean, and rice) was analyzed. Plants were studied using three cultivation techniques: 1) hydroponic solution and subjected to salt stress, 2) low-silicon soil-less medium (peat) and subjected to gradual drought stress, and 3) low-silicon soil-less medium (peat) and subjected to acute drought stress. Silicon was added both as reagent-grade Na2SiO3 and as a siliceous liming agent (PlantTuff). Both forms of Si generally improved drought and salt stress tolerance, but the effects were inconsistent. Silicon increased corn dry mass by up to 18% and the effect was statistically significant (p<0.05) in two out of three techniques. Silicon increased water use efficiency in corn by up to 36% and the effect was statistically significant (p<0.05) in one out of two techniques. In the acute drought stress technique, silicon increased wheat dry mass by 17% and the effect was statistically significant (p<0.05). Silicon increased soybean and rice dry mass by 20 to 30%, but the effect was not statistically significant. Silicon in oldest corn leaves increased from 0.4% to 3% as Si increased from less than 0.01 to 0.8 mM in the hydroponic solution. There was a statistically significant effect of silicon supply on the concentration of some other nutrients, but the effect was often not great enough to be considered biologically important. Rice accumulated the greatest concentration of foliar silicon, corn and wheat were intermediate, and soybean accumulated the least. Collectively, these results indicate an effect of silicon in drought and salinity stress tolerance, but additional studies on the rate and onset of drought are needed to determine interacting factors and better understand the inconsistent results.

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Elagib, Nadir Ahmed. "The effect of climate change on evapotranspiration in Sudan." Thesis, University of the West of Scotland, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246425.

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Books on the topic "Effect of drought"

Drought. Chicago, Ill: Heinemann Library, 2007.

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Paepe, Roland, Rhodes W. Fairbridge, and Saskia Jelgersma, eds. Greenhouse Effect, Sea Level and Drought. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0701-0.

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NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Geohydrological Management of Sea Level and Mitigation of Drought (1989 Fuerteventura, Canary Islands). Greenhouse effect, sea level, and drought. Edited by Paepe Roland, Fairbridge Rhodes Whitmore 1914-, and Jelgersma Saskia 1929-. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic, 1990.

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Paepe, Roland. Greenhouse Effect, Sea Level and Drought. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990.

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Whitmore, Joan S. Drought management on farmland. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000.

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Famine, drought, and plagues. New York: Gloucester Press, 1992.

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Famine, drought, and plagues. North Mankato, Minn: Stargazer Books, 2004.

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Sholar, Clyde J. Evaluation of the drought susceptibility of water supplies used in the Kentucky River Basin in 1988. Louisville, Ky. (2301 Bradley Ave., Louisville 40217): U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1991.

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Weidner, Thomas. Impacts of the drought and heat in 2003 on forests: Drought 2003 : scientific conference, 17-19 November 2004, Freiburg, Germany : abstracts. Freiburg: Forstliche Versuchs- und Forschungsanstalt Baden-Wurttemberg, 2004.

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Montana. Dept. of Fish, Wildlife, and Parks. Fisheries Division drought contingency plan. Helena, Mont: The Dept., 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Effect of drought"

Rampino, Michael R., and Robert Etkins. "The Greenhouse Effect, Stratospheric Ozone, Marine Productivity, and Global Hydrology: Feedbacks in the Global Climate System." In Greenhouse Effect, Sea Level and Drought, 3–20. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0701-0_1.

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Klige, P. A. "Influence of Global Climatic Processes on the Hydrosphere Regime." In Greenhouse Effect, Sea Level and Drought, 165–81. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0701-0_10.

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Fairbridge, Rhodes W. "Water Deficiency Versus Water Excess: Global Management Potential." In Greenhouse Effect, Sea Level and Drought, 185–97. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0701-0_11.

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Carcedo, F. J. Ayala. "Extraterrestrial Impacts, Volcanoes, Climate and Sea Level." In Greenhouse Effect, Sea Level and Drought, 199–216. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0701-0_12.

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Tungsheng, Liu, and Han Jiamao. "Recent Developments in Research on the Loess in China." In Greenhouse Effect, Sea Level and Drought, 217–24. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0701-0_13.

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Boodt, M. "Desertification or Desert Reclamation? Change in Climate or in Human Behaviour?" In Greenhouse Effect, Sea Level and Drought, 225–40. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0701-0_14.

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Leroux, M. "Natural Protection and Voluntary Extension of the Tropical African Forest Cover." In Greenhouse Effect, Sea Level and Drought, 241–52. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0701-0_15.

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Paepe, Roland, and Elfi Overloop. "River and Soils Cyclicities Interfering with Sea Level Changes." In Greenhouse Effect, Sea Level and Drought, 253–80. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0701-0_16.

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Petit-Maire, N. "Natural Aridification or Man-Made Desertification? A Question for the Future." In Greenhouse Effect, Sea Level and Drought, 281–85. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0701-0_17.

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Ilunga, Lutumba, and Roland Paepe. "Climatic Oscillations as Registered through the Ruzizi Plain Deposits (North Lake Tanganyika) Zaire — Burundi — Rwanda." In Greenhouse Effect, Sea Level and Drought, 287–99. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0701-0_18.

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Conference papers on the topic "Effect of drought"

Hjelmstad, Annika, Margaret Garcia, and Kelli Larson. "Effect of Drought Policies on Los Angeles Water Demand." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2019. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784482339.024.

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Earl D Vories, Andrea S Jones, Kenneth A Sudduth, Scott S Drummond, and N Ray Benson. "Effect of Drought Stress on Sensing Nitrogen Requirements for Cotton." In 2013 Kansas City, Missouri, July 21 - July 24, 2013. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.20131620324.

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Popescu, Monica. "ASCOPHYLLUM NODOSUM SEAWEED EXTRACT EFFECT ON DROUGHT STRESS IN BEAN PLANTS." In 17th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2017. Stef92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2017h/63/s25.017.

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Yang, Ning, Zhanxiang Sun, Liangshan Feng, Daocai Chi, Muzi Zheng, Kaiyu Li, and Wei Bai. "Effect of drought process on natural production in northwest China's Liaoning." In International conference on Future Energy, Environment and Materials. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/feem130891.

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"Effect of combined temperature-drought stresses on antioxidant activity of plants." In Plant Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Biotechnology. Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/plantgen2019-097.

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Chauhan, Priyanka, Mamta Sharma, Himani Pathania, Shriya, Sheetal Choudhary, and Diksha Pathania. "Effect of drought stress and exogenous hormone application on Cicer areitinum seeds." In DIDACTIC TRANSFER OF PHYSICS KNOWLEDGE THROUGH DISTANCE EDUCATION: DIDFYZ 2021. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0080580.

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Wang, Rui, Jiquan Zhang, Tiehua Cao, Xin Zhao, Jing Zhao, and Si Alu. "Drought Characteristics for Maize and its Effect on Yield in Midwestern Jilin Province." In 8th Annual Meeting of Risk Analysis Council of China Association for Disaster Prevention (RAC 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/rac-18.2018.22.

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Rotaru, Vladimir. "Ifluenţa fosforului si tulpinilor rizobacteriene asupra dezvoltării sistemului radicular la plante de soia (Glycine max L. MERR.) în condiţii deficitului de fosfor si umidiate." In VIIth International Scientific Conference “Genetics, Physiology and Plant Breeding”. Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/gppb7.2021.24.

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Drought and nutrient deficiency are major abiotic factors that limits crop production. This study determined the effect of phosphorus (P) and rhizobacteria application on root system development of soybean plants subjected to P deficiency and drought. The P application alone or in combination with bacteria strains (Pseudomonas fluorescence and Azotobacter chroococcum) increased total roots length irrespective of soil moisture. Root growth of cultivar Horboveanca responded more evidently to treatment with rhizobacteria than cultivar Zodiac under P deficiency. Thus, the experimental results demonstrated that the effectiveness of integrated use of P and rhizobacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescence and Azotobacter chroococcum) promotes roots development of soybean plants under normal soil moisture as well as under temporary drought.

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Lastochkina, O. "Effect of endophytic Bacillus subtilis on drought stress tolerance of Triticum aestivum L. plants of Steppe Volga and Forest-Steppe West Siberian agroecological groups." In 2nd International Scientific Conference "Plants and Microbes: the Future of Biotechnology". PLAMIC2020 Organizing committee, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/plamic2020.149.

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Physiological responses of wheat to B. subtilis under drought depends on the belonging of plants to agroecological groups. B. subtilis showed the best positive effect on growth and water status of Steppe Volga agroecological group’s wheat.

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Liu, Jiang, and Jing Zhang. "Effect of nitrogen on photosynthetic pigments of relay strip intercropping soybean under drought stress." In 2017 3rd International Forum on Energy, Environment Science and Materials (IFEESM 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ifeesm-17.2018.168.

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Reports on the topic "Effect of drought"

Tsai, Chung Jui, Scott Harding, Michael Hahn, Gary Peter, and Shawn Mansfield. The dual effect of tubulin manipulation on Populus wood formation and drought tolerance. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1416896.

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Schultz, B. W., and W. K. Ostler. The effect of drought on four plant communities in the northern Mojave Desert. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/60829.

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Fait, Aaron, Grant Cramer, and Avichai Perl. Towards improved grape nutrition and defense: The regulation of stilbene metabolism under drought. United States Department of Agriculture, May 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7594398.bard.

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The goals of the present research proposal were to elucidate the physiological and molecular basis of the regulation of stilbene metabolism in grape, against the background of (i) grape metabolic network behavior in response to drought and of (ii) varietal diversity. The specific objectives included the study of the physiology of the response of different grape cultivars to continuous WD; the characterization of the differences and commonalities of gene network topology associated with WD in berry skin across varieties; the study of the metabolic response of developing berries to continuous WD with specific attention to the stilbene compounds; the integration analysis of the omics data generated; the study of isolated drought-associated stress factors on the regulation of stilbene biosynthesis in plantaand in vitro. Background to the topic Grape quality has a complex relationship with water input. Regulated water deficit (WD) is known to improve wine grapes by reducing the vine growth (without affecting fruit yield) and boosting sugar content (Keller et al. 2008). On the other hand, irregular rainfall during the summer can lead to drought-associated damage of fruit developmental process and alter fruit metabolism (Downey et al., 2006; Tarara et al., 2008; Chalmers et al., 792). In areas undergoing desertification, WD is associated with high temperatures. This WD/high temperature synergism can limit the areas of grape cultivation and can damage yields and fruit quality. Grapes and wine are the major source of stilbenes in human nutrition, and multiple stilbene-derived compounds, including isomers, polymers and glycosylated forms, have also been characterized in grapes (Jeandet et al., 2002; Halls and Yu, 2008). Heterologous expression of stilbenesynthase (STS) in a variety of plants has led to an enhanced resistance to pathogens, but in others the association has not been proven (Kobayashi et al., 2000; Soleas et al., 1995). Tomato transgenic plants harboring a grape STS had increased levels of resveratrol, ascorbate, and glutathione at the expense of the anthocyanin pathways (Giovinazzo et al. 2005), further emphasizing the intermingled relation among secondary metabolic pathways. Stilbenes are are induced in green and fleshy parts of the berries by biotic and abiotic elicitors (Chong et al., 2009). As is the case for other classes of secondary metabolites, the biosynthesis of stilbenes is not very well understood, but it is known to be under tight spatial and temporal control, which limits the availability of these compounds from plant sources. Only very few studies have attempted to analyze the effects of different environmental components on stilbene accumulation (Jeandet et al., 1995; Martinez-Ortega et al., 2000). Targeted analyses have generally shown higher levels of resveratrol in the grape skin (induced), in seeded varieties, in varieties of wine grapes, and in dark-skinned varieties (Gatto et al., 2008; summarized by Bavaresco et al., 2009). Yet, the effect of the grape variety and the rootstock on stilbene metabolism has not yet been thoroughly investigated (Bavaresco et al., 2009). The study identified a link between vine hydraulic behavior and physiology of stress with the leaf metabolism, which the PIs believe can eventually lead to the modifications identified in the developing berries that interested the polyphenol metabolism and its regulation during development and under stress. Implications are discussed below.

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Barg, Rivka, Kendal D. Hirschi, Avner Silber, Gozal Ben-Hayyim, Yechiam Salts, and Marla Binzel. Combining Elevated Levels of Membrane Fatty Acid Desaturation and Vacuolar H+ -pyrophosphatase Activity for Improved Drought Tolerance. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7613877.bard.

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Background to the topic: In previous works we have shown that Arabidopsis and tomato over-expressing H+-pyrophosphatase show increased tolerance to drought imposed by withholding irrigation of young plants in pots (Park et al. 2005). In addition, young tobacco plants over-expressing fatty acid desaturase 3 (OEX-FAD3) also showed increasing tolerance to drought stress (Zhang et al 2005), and similarly OEX-FAD3 young tomato plants (unpublished data from ARO), hence raising the possibility that pyramiding the two could further improve drought tolerance in tomato. Based on these findings the specific objects originally set were: 1. To analyze the impact of pyramiding transgenes for enhanced fatty acid desaturation and for elevated H+-PPase activity on tomato yielding under water deficit stress conditions. 2. To elucidate the biochemical relationship between elevated desaturation of the membrane lipids and the activities of selected vacuolar transporters in the context of drought responses. 3. To explore the S. pennellii introgression lines as alternative genetic sources for drought tolerance related to enhanced fatty acid desaturation and/or H+-PPase activity. 4. Since OEX-FAD3 increases the levels of linolenic acid which is the precursor of various oxylipins including the stress hormone Jasmonate. (JA), study of the effect of this transgene on tolerance to herbivore pests was added as additional goal. The Major conclusions, solutions, and achievements are: (1) The facts that ectopic over-expression of vacuolarH+-PPases (in line OEX-AVP1) does not change the fatty acid profile compared to the parental MoneyMaker (MM) line and that elevated level of FA desaturation (by OEX-FAD3) does not change the activity of either H+-PPase, H+-ATPaseor Ca2+ /H+ antiport, indicate that the observed increased drought tolerance reported before for increase FA desaturation in tobacco plants and increased H+PPase in tomato plants involves different mechanisms. (2) After generating hybrid lines bringing to a common genetic background (i.e. F1 hybrids between line MP-1 and MM) each of the two transgenes separately and the two transgenes together the effect of various drought stress regimes including recovery from a short and longer duration of complete water withhold as well as performance under chronic stresses imposed by reducing water supply to 75-25% of the control irrigation regime could be studied. Under all the tested conditions in Israel, for well established plants grown in 3L pots or larger, none of the transgenic lines exhibited a reproducible significantly better drought tolerance compare to the parental lines. Still, examining the performance of these hybrids under the growth practices followed in the USA is called for. (3) Young seedlings of none of the identified introgression lines including the S. pennellii homologs of two of the H+-PPase genes and one of the FAD7 genes performed better than line M82 upon irrigation withhold. However, differences in the general canopy structures between the IL lines and M82 might mask such differences if existing. (4). Over-expression of FAD3 in the background of line MP-1 was found to confer significant tolerance to three important pest insects in tomato: Bordered Straw (Heliothis peltigera), Egyptian cotton leafworm (Spodoptera littoralis) and Western Flower Thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis). Implications: Although the original hypothesis that pyramiding these two trasgenes could improve drought tolerance was not supported, the unexpected positive impact on herbivore deterring, as well as the changes in dynamics of JA biosynthesis in response to wounding and the profound changes in expression of wound response genes calls for deciphering the exact linolenic acid derived signaling molecule mediating this response. This will further facilitate breeding for herbivore pest and mechanical stress tolerance based on this pathway.

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Seginer, Ido, Daniel H. Willits, Michael Raviv, and Mary M. Peet. Transpirational Cooling of Greenhouse Crops. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7573072.bard.

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Background Transplanting vegetable seedlings to final spacing in the greenhouse is common practice. At the time of transplanting, the transpiring leaf area is a small fraction of the ground area and its cooling effect is rather limited. A preliminary modeling study suggested that if water supply from root to canopy is not limiting, a sparse crop could maintain about the same canopy temperature as a mature crop, at the expense of a considerably higher transpiration flux per leaf (and root) area. The objectives of this project were (1) to test the predictions of the model, (2) to select suitable cooling methods, and (3) to compare the drought resistance of differently prepared seedlings. Procedure Plants were grown in several configurations in high heat load environments, which were moderated by various environmental control methods. The difference between the three experimental locations was mainly in terms of scale, age of plants, and environmental control. Young potted plants were tested for a few days in small growth chambers at Technion and Newe Ya'ar. At NCSU, tomato plants of different ages and planting densities were compared over a whole growing season under conditions similar to commercial greenhouses. Results Effect of spacing: Densely spaced plants transpired less per plant and more per unit ground area than sparsely spaced plants. The canopy temperature of the densely spaced plants was lower. Air temperature was lower and humidity higher in the compartments with the densely spaced plants. The difference between species is mainly in the canopy-to-air Bowen ratio, which is positive for pepper and negative for tomato. Effect of cooling methods: Ventilation and evaporative pad cooling were found to be effective and synergitic. Air mixing turned out to be very ineffective, indicating that the canopy-to-air transfer coefficient is not the limiting factor in the ventilation process. Shading and misting, both affecting the leaf temperature directly, proved to be very effective canopy cooling methods. However, in view of their side effects, they should only be considered as emergency measures. On-line measures of stress: Chlorophyll fluorescence was shown to accurately predict photosynthesis. This is potentially useful as a rapid, non-contact way of assessing canopy heat stress. Normalized canopy temperature and transpiration rate were shown to correlate with water stress. Drought resistance of seedlings: Comparison between normal seedlings and partially defoliated ones, all subjected to prolonged drought, indicated that removing about half of the lowermost leaves prior to transplanting, may facilitate adjustment to the more stressful conditions in the greenhouse. Implications The results of this experimental study may lead to: (1) An improved model for a sparse canopy in a greenhouse. (2) A better ventilation design procedure utilizing improved estimates of the evaporation coefficient for different species and plant configurations. (3) A test for the stress resistance of transplants.

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Zilberstein, Aviah, Bo Liu, and Einat Sadot. Studying the Involvement of the Linker Protein CWLP and its Homologue in Cytoskeleton-plasma Membrane-cell Wall Continuum and in Drought Tolerance. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7593387.bard.

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The study has been focused on proline-rich proteins from the HyPRP family. Three proline-rich proteins have been characterized with the CWLP as the main objective. We showed that this unique protein is assembled in the plasma membrane (PM) and forms a continuum between the cell wall (CW) and cytosol via the PM. While spanning the PM, it is arranged in lipid rafts as CWLP-aquaporin complexes that recruit PP2A-β”, as a part of PP2A enzyme, close to the aquaporin moiety where it dephosphorylates two crucial Ser residues and induces closure of the aquaporin water channels. The closure of water channels renders cells more tolerant to plasmolysis and plants to dehydration. This unique effect was observed not only in Arabidopsis, but also in potato plants over expressing the CWLP, suggesting a possible usage in crop plants as a valve that reduces loss of water or/and elevates cold resistance. The CWLP is a member of the HyPRP protein family that all possess structurally similar 8CM domain, predicted to localize to PM lipid rafts. In this study, two additional highly homologous HyPRP proteins were also studied. The GPRP showed the same localization and it’s over expression increased tolerance to lack of water. However, the third one, PRP940, despite sharing high homology in the 8CM domain, is completely different and is assembled in parallel to cortical microtubules in the cell. Moreover, our data suggest that this protein is not involved in rendering plants resistant to lack of water. We suggest implying CWLP as a tool for better regulation of water maintenance in crop plants.

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Mosquna, Assaf, and Sean Cutler. Systematic analyses of the roles of Solanum Lycopersicum ABA receptors in environmental stress and development. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7604266.bard.

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Drought and other abiotic stresses have major negative effects on agricultural productivity. The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates many responses to environmental stresses and can be used to improve crop performance under stress. ABA levels rise in response to diverse abiotic stresses to coordinate physiological and metabolic responses that help plants survive stressful environments. In all land plants, ABA receptors are responsible for initiating a signaling cascade that leads to stomata closure, growth arrest and large-scale changes in transcript levels required for stress tolerance. We wanted to test the meaning of root derived ABA signaling in drying soil on water balance. To this end we generated transgenic tomato lines in which ABA signaling is initiated by a synthetic agonist- mandipropamid. Initial study using a Series of grafting experiments indicate that that root ABA signaling has no effect on the immediate regulation of stomata aperture. Once concluded, these experiments will enable us to systematically dissect the physiological role of root-shoot interaction in maintaining the water balance in plants and provide new tools for targeted improvement of abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants.

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Baca, Aurelia, Joel Larsen, Emrys Treasure, Michael Gavazzi, and Nathan Walker. Drought Impacts in the Southern Region: A synopsis of presentations and ideas from the Drought Adaptation Workshop in Region 8, January 2017, Atlanta, GA. United States. Department of Agriculture, February 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.7280913.ch.

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The USDA Forest Service hosted a two-day drought adaptation workshop in Atlanta, Georgia in January 2017 to share state-of-science information on drought and climate effects in the region and to develop management response strategies. The workshop was attended by regional experts from the Forest Service Southern Region, Southern Research Station, and Office of Sustainability and Climate; the USDA Southeast Regional Climate Hub; and state and federal climate offices. They met to address challenges, cultivate opportunities, and develop and expand the collective understanding of the most effective management strategies to adapt to and mitigate the effects of drought in the region. The workshop focused on the effects of, and management responses to drought in forest, riparian, and aquatic ecosystems. This fact sheet is a synopsis of the workshop.

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Dinkelman, Taryn. Mitigating Long-run Health Effects of Drought: Evidence from South Africa. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w19756.

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Vose, James M., David L. Peterson, Charles H. Luce, and Toral Patel-Weynand, eds. Effects of drought on forests and rangelands in the United States. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/wo-gtr-98.

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Academic literature on the topic 'Effect of drought'

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Journal articles on the topic "Effect of drought"

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Conference papers on the topic "Effect of drought"

Reports on the topic "Effect of drought"