Journal articles: 'Effect of global warming on'

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MORIGUTI, Yuiti. "Global Warming and its effect. Countermeasures for global warming." Journal of Environmental Conservation Engineering 25, no. 5 (1996): 275–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5956/jriet.25.275.

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SEINO, Hiroshi. "Global Warming and its effect. Effect of global warming. Effects on crops and forest." Journal of Environmental Conservation Engineering 25, no. 5 (1996): 258–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5956/jriet.25.258.

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UCHIYAMA, Iwao. "Global Warming and its effect. Effect of global warming. Effect on human health." Journal of Environmental Conservation Engineering 25, no. 5 (1996): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5956/jriet.25.269.

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Das, Hemen, M. Ayub Ali, and Probal Jyoti Doley. "Global warming: Its effect on livestock and mitigation strategies." Journal of Animal Feed Science and Technology 4, no. 1 (2016): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/jafst.2321.1628.4116.4.

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Adham, A. K. M., and Akira Kobayashi. "Effect of Global Warming on the Dissolution of Limestone." Journal of Rainwater Catchment Systems 15, no. 2 (2010): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.7132/jrcsa.kj00006069056.

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BANDOW, Hiroshi. "Global Warming and its effect. Cause and mechanism of global warming." Journal of Environmental Conservation Engineering 25, no. 5 (1996): 254–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5956/jriet.25.254.

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Rotman, Jeff D., T. J. Weber, and Andrew W. Perkins. "Addressing Global Warming Denialism." Public Opinion Quarterly 84, no. 1 (2020): 74–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfaa002.

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Abstract Despite the scientific consensus concerning the current causes and future effects of anthropogenic global warming, there has been little to no improvement in public opinion, attitudes, or behavior related to its mitigation. This article examines how different information conveyance strategies affect belief in global warming. Three experiments reveal that a fundamental understanding of the underlying mechanism of global warming—the greenhouse gas effect—is integral to belief in the existence of global warming. Specifically, the current research demonstrates that persuasive messaging incorporating an explanation of the mechanism (versus consequences) underlying global warming leads to belief change (study 1); that this effect is moderated by political orientation, such that the effect of mechanism-understanding on global warming belief is greater for conservatives (study 1, 2, and 3); that understanding of the mechanism underlying global warming affects willingness to engage in sustainable activities and buying socially conscious products (study 2); and that the effect persists over time and can influence actual donation behavior (study 3). Social, public policy, and marketing implications for this strategy are discussed.

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Chkhartishvili, Nino, Ani Kantaria, and Nino Giorgadze. "GREENHOUSE EFFECT AND GLOBAL WARMING." Theoretical & Applied Science 112, no. 08 (August 30, 2022): 364–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15863/tas.2022.08.112.38.

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Ganesh, P. H. Roop. "Global warming/green house effect." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 4, no. 3 (March 20, 2011): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2011/v4i3.11.

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Palanichamy, A. P. "Global warming-Green house effect." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 4, no. 3 (March 20, 2011): 204–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2011/v4i3.2.

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HOSOKAWA, Yasushi. "Global Warming and its effect. Effect of global warming. Rise of sea level and its effect." Journal of Environmental Conservation Engineering 25, no. 5 (1996): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5956/jriet.25.263.

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Jain, Basanti. "EFFECTS OF GLOBAL WARMING." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 3, no. 9SE (September 30, 2015): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i9se.2015.3116.

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The abnormal increase in the concentration of the greenhouse gases is resulting in higher temperatures. We call this effect is global warming. The average temperature around the world has increased about 1'c over 140 years, 75% of this has risen just over the past 30 years. The solar radiation, as it reaches the earth, produces "greenhouse effect" in the atmosphere. The thick atmospheric layers over the earth behaves as a glass surface, as it permits short wave radiations from coming in, but checks the outgoing long wave ones. As a result, gradually the atmosphere gets heated up during the day as well as night. If such an effect were not there in the atmosphere the ultraviolet, infrared and other ionizing radiations would have also entered our atmosphere and the very existence of life would have been endangered. The ozone layer shields the earth from the sun's harmful ultraviolet radiations. The warm earth emits long wave (infrared) radiations, which is partly absorbed by the green house gaseous blanket. This atmospheric blanket raises the earth’s temperature.

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Mutlu, Mehmet, and Halil Tokcan. "Success effect of documentary use in teaching of global warming subject." International Journal of Academic Research 5, no. 5 (October 15, 2013): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2013/5-5/b.40.

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Patil, Prof S. S. "A Study on Global Warming and its Effects." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-3, Issue-2 (February 28, 2019): 120–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd20301.

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Weart, Spencer. "Cause and Effect in Global Warming." Physics Today 58, no. 1 (January 2005): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4796704.

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Smith, George E. "Cause and Effect in Global Warming." Physics Today 58, no. 1 (January 2005): 13–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1881876.

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Ott, K. O. "Global warming and the greenhouse effect." Progress in Nuclear Energy 29 (January 1995): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0149-1970(95)00030-n.

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Shah, Ruchita, and Rohit Srivastava. "Effect of Global Warming on Indian Agriculture." Sustainability in Environment 2, no. 4 (November 22, 2017): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/se.v2n4p366.

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Agriculture is the backbone of Indian economy which in turn relies on the monsoon season. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) projected that the global mean surface temperature will likely rise and may result into uneven climatic changes such as irregular rainfall patterns, increased surface temperature and elevated CO2 content in the atmosphere. Research studies indicate that weathering parameters influence strongly (67%) compared to other factors like soil and nutrient management (33%) during the cropping season. Researchers have confirmed that crop yield falls by 3-5% for every 1°F increase in the temperature. Present study shows that the crop production is dependent on temperature and shows a funnel shape for all the seasons. At lower temperature both the properties are almost linearly correlated, whereas at higher temperatures, it increases but with large scattering. The findings may be helpful to study the effect of climate change on the crop production.

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Huang, Le Hui, and Miao Miao Li. "The Effect and Strategy of Global Warming." Advanced Materials Research 1092-1093 (March 2015): 1625–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1092-1093.1625.

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Global warming is one of the biggest environment challenges in front of human today. The earth’s atmosphere and clouds have the function of insulation, making the earth maintain a certain temperature in the night. The earth is in a serious greenhouse effect due to increasing pollution. The paper explains how to deal with and curb global warming.

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Lenzen, Manfred. "Global Warming Effect of Leakage From CO2Storage." Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 41, no. 24 (December 15, 2011): 2169–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2010.497442.

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Baraka, John. "Effect of Global Warming on Agricultural Productivity." International Journal of Agriculture 8, no. 1 (May 17, 2023): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/ija.1971.

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Purpose: The aim of the study is to examine the effect of global warming on Agricultural productivity Methodology: This study adopted a desktop methodology. This study used secondary data from which include review of existing literature from already published studies and reports that was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The study revealed that farmers are experiencing changes in temperature and precipitation patterns including more frequent and intense droughts and floods. These changes are leading to lower crop yields and incomes. The study also found that farmers were aware of the impact of climate change on agriculture and had adopted several adaptation strategies, including changing planting dates, selecting heat-tolerant rice varieties, and applying organic fertilizers Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study was anchored on Resilience Theory which originated from the work of C.S. Holling and Social-Constructivist Theory which originated from the works of Lev Vygotsky. The study recommends that farmers should adopt climate-smart agricultural practices, such as conservation agriculture and improved water management, to increase their resilience to climate change. The study also recommends that farmers should be given support to enable them to adapt to the changing climatic conditions including access to finance, education and training

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INAKAZU, Kosuke, Takahiro ISHIKAWA, and Ken-ichi NOMURA. "Effects of Global Warming." Journal of the Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan 136, no. 12 (2016): 825–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejjournal.136.825.

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Zuñiga Herera, Levis Maria. "Consequences of global warming." SCT Proceedings in Interdisciplinary Insights and Innovations 1 (December 5, 2023): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.56294/piii202374.

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This article makes known the and consequence of global warming on Earth, the measures that we must implement to mitigate this climate change that affects the planet more every day and causes major disasters, putting human life, fauna and flora at risk, which brings with it many variations that cause diseases and problems in daily life and aspects of survival. We must become aware of the seriousness of this phenomenon and work to mitigate as much as possible the effect that global warming causes more and more every day, as well as recognize that there is only one planet and we can only inhabit it, therefore we must take care of it. The human being has been one of the main causes of this significant increase in climate change through industries without measuring the consequences of these acts as well as the poor management that has been given for years to the fauna and flora, thus causing great disasters raising temperatures with carbon dioxide produced by man that are reflected on the planet through heat waves, droughts, strong storms, food shortages, death of animals.

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Li, Chengcheng. "Impacts of Global Warming on Economy." Highlights in Business, Economics and Management 5 (February 16, 2023): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hbem.v5i.5036.

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Global warming is the rise in temperature of the Earth's surface and its atmosphere, resulting from human activities. It is caused by the greenhouse effect, which can be described as an increase in heat trapping gases such as carbon dioxide and methane in Earth's atmosphere. Global warming has been named a major factor for raising global sea levels through its effects on oceanic thermal expansion, melting glaciers and polar ice caps, changes in ocean patterns due to global warming. All of these changes will have an impact on economy and this paper will investigate each factor’s impact. Global warming has had and will have many impacts on the economy. If global warming is to be stopped future generations should not have to pay for the pollution and other effects that occur as a result of global warming caused by human activity. Economies will be changing in response to far less energy being produced by fossil fuels, and therefore a decrease in economic output. People will also think about more renewable energy production systems in their homes, such as a solar panel. This paper will focus on the negative impacts that arrive because of global warming caused by human activity.

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Koerner, Roy M., and Leif Lundgaard. "Glaciers and Global Warming." Géographie physique et Quaternaire 49, no. 3 (November 30, 2007): 429–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/033064ar.

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ABSTRACT Ice core and mass balance studies from glaciers, ice caps and ice sheets constitute an ideal medium for monitoring and studying present and past environmental change and, as such, make a valuable contribution to the present debate over anthropogenic forcing of climate. Data derived from 32 years of measurements in the Canadian Arctic show no significant trends in glacier mass balance, ice melt, or snow accumulation, although the mass balance continues to be slightly negative. Models suggest that industrial aerosol loading of the atmosphere should add to the warming effect of greenhouse gases. However, we have found a sharp increase in the concentration of industrial pollutants in snow deposited since the early 1950's which makes the trendless nature of our various time series surprising. Spatial differences in the nature of climatic change may account for the lack of trend in the Queen Elizabeth Islands but encourages similar investigations to this study elsewhere in the circumpolar region. A global warming trend over the past 150 years has been demonstrated from instrumental data and is evident in our ice cores. However, the ice core data and glacier geometry changes in the Canadian Arctic suggest the Arctic warming is more pronounced in summer than winter. The same warming trend is not unique when viewed in the context of changes over the past 10,000 or 100,000 years. This suggests the 150-year trend is part of the natural climate variability.

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Kurane, Ichiro. "The Effect of Global Warming on Infectious Diseases." Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives 1, no. 1 (December 2010): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2010.12.004.

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KHILYUK, LEONID. "Global Warming: Are We Confusing Cause and Effect?" Energy Sources 25, no. 4 (April 2003): 357–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00908310390142389.

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Saliakelli, Dimitra, and Kathryn Harley. "The effect of anaesthetic gases on global warming." Faculty Dental Journal 11, no. 3 (July 2020): 134–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/rcsfdj.2020.99.

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Gajevic, Jelena, Marija Stevic, Jelena Nikolic, Mihailo Rabasovic, and Dragan Markushev. "Global warming and SF6 molecule." Facta universitatis - series: Physics, Chemistry and Technology 4, no. 1 (2006): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fupct0601057g.

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In this paper the basic SF6 molecule physical characteristics are given concerning its influence on global warming and green house effect. Absorption and relaxation characteristics of this molecule have been investigated within the frame of nonlinear molecule ? strong laser field interaction in different gas mixtures. All experiments have been performed on a different gas mixture pressures to analyze and investigate relaxation and energy transfer characteristics of absorbing molecules and non-absorbing collision partners. To show the SF6 absorption and relaxation and energy transfer capability comparison between SF6 and C2H4 was given using the same experimental conditions and argon as a buffer gas. All measurement points and their calculated values presented in this paper have been obtained using the infrared-pulsed photoacoustics technique adopted for atmospheric and subatmospheric pressures.

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Lin, Pu, David Paynter, Yi Ming, and V. Ramaswamy. "Changes of the Tropical Tropopause Layer under Global Warming." Journal of Climate 30, no. 4 (February 1, 2017): 1245–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0457.1.

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Abstract This paper investigates changes in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) in response to carbon dioxide increase and surface warming separately in an atmospheric general circulation model, finding that both effects lead to a warmer tropical tropopause. Surface warming also results in an upward shift of the tropopause. A detailed heat budget analysis is performed to quantify the contributions from different radiative and dynamic processes to changes in the TTL temperature. When carbon dioxide increases with fixed surface temperature, a warmer TTL mainly results from the direct radiative effect of carbon dioxide increase. With surface warming, the largest contribution to the TTL warming comes from the radiative effect of the warmer troposphere, which is partly canceled by the radiative effect of the moistening at the TTL. Strengthening of the stratospheric circulation following surface warming cools the lower stratosphere dynamically and radiatively via changes in ozone. These two effects are of comparable magnitudes. This circulation change is the main cause of temperature changes near 63 hPa but is weak near 100 hPa. Contributions from changes in convection and clouds are also quantified. These results illustrate the heat budget analysis as a useful tool to disentangle the radiative–dynamical–chemical–convective coupling at the TTL and to facilitate an understanding of intermodel difference.

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Sasa, Tala, Wajeha Sasa, Abeer Adaileh, and Omniya Miri. "Knowledge and Awareness of Global Warming and Its Effect on the Environment among Applied Science Private University Students." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT 19 (June 12, 2023): 582–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232015.2023.19.56.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate global warming awareness among Applied science Private University students. A total of 365 students were tested using a questionnaire covering four aspects of global warming including causes, effects, evidence, and solutions. The study included students of science and humanities faculties in all academic years of both sexes, and a significant dependency ratio (p < 0.05) was recorded. The results showed that female students had greater knowledge of the global warming effect than male students, that academically superior students with excellent grades had more knowledge of the four aspects covered by the questionnaire than their lower-level peers, and that students from science colleges were more familiar than humanities students with the causes. and solutions related to global warming. In addition, students who received environmental development courses at the university were more knowledgeable than the rest of the students about the effect, cause, and evidence of global warming, which indicates a direct positive effect of university education.

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Wang, Xiao Yong. "Evaluation Carbonation Service Life of Mortar-Coated Concrete Considering Global Warming." Materials Science Forum 1041 (August 4, 2021): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1041.95.

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Mortar finishing is frequently used to improve the carbonation service life of structural concrete. Moreover, carbonation is aggravated due to global warmings, such as the increase of CO2 concentration and temperature. This study shows a probability-based approach for evaluating the carbonation service life of coated concrete considering global warming. First, a carbonation model is proposed for assessing the carbonation depth of concrete with mortar finishing. The effect of global warming on carbonation is considered in the carbonation model. Second, a probability-based method is employed to determine the carbonation service life considering the thickness and mixtures of mortar finishing and substrate concrete. Based on the statistical analysis of calculation results, we find that for a concrete structural with 50 years’ service life, 15% service life will be reduced due to global warming.

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Druckman, James N., and Richard M. Shafranek. "The Conditional Nature of the Local Warming Effect." Weather, Climate, and Society 9, no. 1 (December 9, 2016): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-16-0012.1.

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Abstract The local warming effect occurs when perceived deviations in the day’s temperature affect individuals’ global warming beliefs. When people perceive the day to be warmer than usual, they tend to overestimate the number of warm days throughout the year, and to report increased belief in and worry about global warming. For many, this is normatively concerning because a single day’s perceived temperature fluctuation is not representative of longer-term, large-scale climate patterns. It thus makes for a poor basis for global warming judgments. Recent work shows that the local warming effect might disappear when people receive a reminder to think about weather patterns over the past year (i.e., a correction). This paper employs a survey experiment that extends past research by exploring the generalizability, conditionality, and durability of the corrective information. It identifies the conditions under which a local warming effect is more or less likely to occur.

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Tickell, Crispin. "Global warming: Trends and effects." Parasitology 106, S1 (January 1993): S5—S9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000086078.

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SUMMARYAs animals we have been a remarkably successful species; but also as animals we are vulnerable to environmental, in particular climate change. Such change is accelerating as a result of human activity, and global warming may already be taking place. Although we can foresee the trends, we cannot yet be specific about the results. Change usually proceeds by steps rather than gradients. But warming would probably include new risks to human health and contribute to an increase in human displacement. Of course climate change is only one among other complex problems facing human society, but it is closely related to them all, including population increase, environmental degradation and loss of biodiversity. We cannot prevent global warming but we can anticipate and mitigate some of its worst effects. Peoples and governments still need persuading of the need for action and of the magnitude of the issue at stake.

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Overstall, Peter. "Health effects of global warming." Reviews in Clinical Gerontology 1, no. 4 (November 1991): 307–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959259800002823.

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HILEMAN, BETTE. "STARK EFFECTS FROM GLOBAL WARMING." Chemical & Engineering News 83, no. 12 (March 21, 2005): 47–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v083n012.p047.

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Anderson, Ashley A., Teresa A. Myers, Edward W. Maibach, Heidi Cullen, Jim Gandy, Joe Witte, Neil Stenhouse, and Anthony Leiserowitz. "If They Like You, They Learn from You: How a Brief Weathercaster-Delivered Climate Education Segment Is Moderated by Viewer Evaluations of the Weathercaster." Weather, Climate, and Society 5, no. 4 (October 1, 2013): 367–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-12-00051.1.

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Abstract Local television (TV) weathercasters are a potentially promising source of climate education, in that weather is the primary reason viewers watch local TV news, large segments of the public trust TV weathercasters as a source of information about global warming, and extreme weather events are increasingly common (Leiserowitz et al.; U.S. Global Change Research Program). In an online experiment conducted in two South Carolina cities (Greenville, n = 394; Columbia, n = 352) during and immediately after a summer heat wave, the effects on global warming risk perceptions were examined following exposure to a TV weathercast in which a weathercaster explained the heat wave as a local manifestation of global warming versus exposure to a 72-h forecast of extreme heat. No main effect of the global warming video on learning was found. However, a significant interaction effect was found: subjects who evaluated the TV weathercaster more positively were positively influenced by the global warming video, and viewers who evaluated the weathercaster less positively were negatively influenced by the video. This effect was strongest among politically conservative viewers. These results suggest that weathercaster-delivered climate change education can have positive, albeit nuanced, effects on TV-viewing audiences.

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Rotz, Alan. "21 Beef Cattle and Global Warming." Journal of Animal Science 101, Supplement_3 (November 6, 2023): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skad281.111.

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Abstract Beef cattle production is an important contributor to global warming both nationally and globally. Through a national life cycle assessment, we have determined that the production of beef cattle in the U.S. produces about 243 Tg of carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e) in global warming with an intensity of 21 kg CO2e/kg of carcass weight. This is about 3.5% of the national inventory of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Globally, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) estimates the direct GHG emissions from all cattle other than dairy and their manure to be about 2,260 Tg or about 4.5% of the total global GHG emission. An important consideration in calculating the contribution of beef cattle is the assumed global warming potentials (GWP) used to relate the warming effect of methane and other compounds to that of CO2. Recommended values have varied over the past 20 years as we learn more about the warming potential of various gases. Values assumed affect published assessments, so it is important to consider the GWP values used when comparing studies. Methane is unique among the major compounds affecting global warming because it has a relatively short life in the atmosphere (half-life of about 8 years). Methane released by cattle and their manure oxidizes in the atmosphere returning the carbon originally fixed by growing plants back to CO2 completing a natural cycle. To better represent the warming effect of methane in the atmosphere, a model called GWP* has been introduced. To use this model, the change in emission rate over time must be quantified. Compared with 50 years ago in the U.S., we are now producing 20% more meat using about 15% fewer cattle. We estimate that the GHG intensity in cattle production has decreased 34%, and the total GHG emission related to beef cattle production has decreased 21% over this period. Considering the change that has occurred, using the GWP* model reduces the global warming impact of U.S. beef cattle by over 50% relative to the use of the commonly accepted current GWP factors. Global change is more difficult to quantify. The FAO estimates that over the past 50 years, the global number of non-dairy cattle has increased about 39% with a 78% increase in meat production and 36% increase in related methane emissions. Applying these data indicates that use of the GWP* model decreases the warming effect of global cattle by about 20%. When making policy decisions to mitigate GHG emissions, it is important to properly represent the relative warming effect of the important greenhouse gases.

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Hu, Shineng, Shang-Ping Xie, and Sarah M. Kang. "Global Warming Pattern Formation: The Role of Ocean Heat Uptake." Journal of Climate 35, no. 6 (March 15, 2022): 1885–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-21-0317.1.

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Abstract This study investigates the formation mechanism of the ocean surface warming pattern in response to a doubling CO2 with a focus on the role of ocean heat uptake (or ocean surface heat flux change, ΔQnet). We demonstrate that the transient patterns of surface warming and rainfall change simulated by the dynamic ocean–atmosphere coupled model (DOM) can be reproduced by the equilibrium solutions of the slab ocean–atmosphere coupled model (SOM) simulations when forced with the DOM ΔQnet distribution. The SOM is then used as a diagnostic inverse modeling tool to decompose the CO2-induced thermodynamic warming effect and the ΔQnet (ocean heat uptake)–induced cooling effect. As ΔQnet is largely positive (i.e., downward into the ocean) in the subpolar oceans and weakly negative at the equator, its cooling effect is strongly polar amplified and opposes the CO2 warming, reducing the net warming response especially over Antarctica. For the same reason, the ΔQnet-induced cooling effect contributes significantly to the equatorially enhanced warming in all three ocean basins, while the CO2 warming effect plays a role in the equatorial warming of the eastern Pacific. The spatially varying component of ΔQnet, although globally averaged to zero, can effectively rectify and lead to decreased global mean surface temperature of a comparable magnitude as the global mean ΔQnet effect under transient climate change. Our study highlights the importance of air–sea interaction in the surface warming pattern formation and the key role of ocean heat uptake pattern.

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Tetelmin, V. V. "Quantitative estimation of global warming." Mining Industry Journal (Gornay Promishlennost), no. 3/2023 (July 1, 2023): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.30686/1609-9192-2023-3-64-70.

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The paper presents a summary table of global warming energy patterns calculated using historical natural data accumulated by the world science. The analysis shows that in each successive decade contribution of the positive feedbacks to global warming is increasing as compared to the preceding decade. Each kilowatt-hour of energy produced and used by the humanity warms up our planet through the human-caused greenhouse effect by 18 kWh. The dependence functions of the radiative temperature equilibrium on the content of the three main greenhouse gases in the atmosphere have been derived. We propose functions for the dependence of the amount of accumulated thermal energy in the Earth's climatic system and the duration of global warming on the amount of the man-made greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. A forecast of the global sea level rise and the marginal frequency of natural disasters over time is provided. If the mankind has halved greenhouse gas emissions by 2060, the global warming will progress for about 210 years until it reaches the radiation equilibrium temperature of 4,2°C. By following this scenario, it will be possible to prevent a possible additional warming of the atmosphere by about 4,7°C in the future.

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Yuval, Janni, and Yohai Kaspi. "Eddy Activity Response to Global Warming–Like Temperature Changes." Journal of Climate 33, no. 4 (February 15, 2020): 1381–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0190.1.

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AbstractGlobal warming projections show an anomalous temperature increase both at the Arctic surface and at lower latitudes in the upper troposphere. The Arctic amplification decreases the meridional temperature gradient, and simultaneously decreases static stability. These changes in the meridional temperature gradient and in the static stability have opposing effects on baroclinicity. The temperature increase at the upper tropospheric lower latitudes tends to increase the meridional temperature gradient and simultaneously increase static stability, which have opposing effects on baroclinicity as well. In this study, a dry idealized general circulation model with a modified Newtonian cooling scheme, which allows any chosen zonally symmetric temperature distribution to be simulated, is used to study the effect of Arctic amplification and lower-latitude upper-level warming on eddy activity. Due to the interplay between the static stability and meridional temperature gradient on atmospheric baroclinicity changes, and their opposing effect on atmospheric baroclinicity, it is found that both the Arctic amplification and lower-latitude upper-level warming could potentially lead to both decreases and increases in eddy activity, depending on the exact prescribed temperature modifications. Therefore, to understand the effect of global warming–like temperature trends on eddy activity, the zonally symmetric global warming temperature projections from state-of-the-art models are simulated. It is found that the eddy kinetic energy changes are dominated by the lower-latitude upper-level warming, which tends to weaken the eddy kinetic energy due to increased static stability. On the other hand, the eddy heat flux changes are dominated by the Arctic amplification, which tends to weaken the eddy heat flux at the lower levels.

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Bai, W. M., J. Y. Xia, S. Q. Wan, W. H. Zhang, and L. H. Li. "Day and night warming have different effect on root lifespan." Biogeosciences 9, no. 1 (January 18, 2012): 375–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-375-2012.

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Abstract. Roots are key components of C cycling in terrestrial ecosystems and play an important role in the regulation of response of terrestrial ecosystems to global climate warming, which is predicted to occur with greater warming magnitudes at night than during daytime across different regions on the Earth. However, there has been no detailed study to investigate the effect of asymmetrical warming on root dynamics at the level of terrestrial ecosystems. To understand the effects of day and night warming on root lifespan in the semiarid temperate steppe in northern China, a field study with a full factorial design including control, day warming, night warming and continuous warming was conducted using modified rhizotron technique during three growing seasons in 2007–2009. Our results show that day, night and continuous warming had different effects on longevity of roots born in spring, summer and autumn, and that day warming significantly prolonged overall lifespan for the roots born in the three growing seasons, while night warning had no effect on overall lifespan. Day and night warming had different effects on root non-structural carbohydrate content, suggesting that allocation of photoassimilate may account for the differential responses of root lifespan to day and night warming. These results differ from other processes associated with ecosystems C cycle such as total ecosystem productivity, net ecosystem productivity and soil respiration. Our findings highlight that it is essential to incorporate the differential effects of day and night warming on root dynamics into simulating and predicting the responses and feedbacks of terrestrial ecosystems C cycling to global warming.

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Blanchette, Jeanne, and Yi Huang. "Earth Infrared Radiation Spectra During Global Warming Hiatus." McGill Science Undergraduate Research Journal 10, no. 1 (March 31, 2015): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.26443/msurj.v10i1.116.

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Background: Since 1997-98, observations of annual mean surface temperature have shown a slowdown of global temperature increases, suggesting a hiatus in global warming. Given this finding, we are interested in diagnosing trends in the Earth’s outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) spectrum throughout the last decade. Methods: We calculated the trend in OLR measured by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) aboard NASA’s Aqua satellite between 2003 and 2013, and compared these results with the trend in atmospheric and surface temperature and tropospheric absolute humidity, obtained from AIRS retrieval product and from the ECMWF (European Center for Medium range Weather Forecasting) Re-Analysis (ERA) interim product. We also isolated the greenhouse effect from the OLR trend by subtracting the amount of surface radiation emitted from the total radiation received by the sounder. Results: The OLR trend is negative in the CO2 absorption band, negative in the window spectral region, and positive in the water vapor band. The trend in surface and tropospheric temperature is negative, as is the trend in tropospheric absolute humidity. The greenhouse effect is increasing in the CO2 band, generally slightly increasing in the window region, and decreasing in the H2O band. Conclusion: Our results show that the CO2 forcing was still present globally through the last decade, with steadily increasing effects. Contributors to the negative trend in OLR in the window region are a small decrease in surface temperature and a strong decrease in tropospheric temperature, where tropospheric H2O emit radiation to space. The decreasing effect of water vapor in the H2O band is due to decreasing tropospheric humidity. This analysis will allow us to detect the changes in greenhouse gas forcing, to examine the correlated surface temperature response, and to study changes and effects in tropospheric water vapor concentration.

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Roncal-Jimenez, Carlos A., Ramon García-Trabanino, Catharina Wesseling, and Richard J. Johnson. "Mesoamerican Nephropathy or Global Warming Nephropathy?" Blood Purification 41, no. 1-3 (2016): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000441265.

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Background: An epidemic of chronic kidney disease (CKD) of unknown cause has emerged along the Pacific Coast of Central America. The disease primarily affects men working manually outdoors, and the major group affected is sugarcane workers. The disease presents with an asymptomatic rise in serum creatinine that progresses to end-stage renal disease over several years. Renal biopsies show chronic tubulointerstitial disease. While the cause remains unknown, recent studies suggest that it is driven by recurrent dehydration in the hot climate. Potential mechanisms include the development of hyperosmolarity with the activation of the aldose reductase-fructokinase pathway in the proximal tubule leading to local injury and inflammation, and the possibility that renal injury may be the consequence of repeated uricosuria and urate crystal formation as a consequence of both increased generation and urinary concentration, similar to a chronic tumor lysis syndrome. The epidemic is postulated to be increasing due to the effects of global warming. Summary: An epidemic of CKD has led to the death of more than 20,000 lives in Central America. The cause is unknown, but appears to be due to recurrent dehydration. Potential mechanisms for injury are renal damage as a consequence of recurrent hyperosmolarity and/or injury to the tubules from repeated episodes of uricosuria. Key Messages: The epidemic of CKD in Mesoamerica may be due to chronic recurrent dehydration as a consequence of global warming and working conditions. This entity may be one of the first major diseases attributed to climate change and the greenhouse effect.

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Meilinda, M., N. Y. Rustaman, and B. Tjasyono. "The Perceptions of Pre-Service Science Teachers and Science Teachers about Climate Change." Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia 6, no. 2 (October 17, 2017): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v6i2.9490.

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The global climate phenomenon in the context of climate change is the impact of both the dynamic complex climate system and human behaviors that affect environmental sustainability. Human is an important component that should be considered in science teaching that is believed to improve human attitudes towards the environmental sustainability. The research aims to investigate the perceptions of pre-service science teachers and science teachers in South Sumatra who teach climate change and global warming. The data were collected from 17 science teachers and 53 pre-service science teachers from April to August 2016. The instruments were 17 modified questions which were developed from Pruneau’s framework. There are three linear perceptions regarding climate change. First, greenhouse effect causes global warming and global warming causes climate change. Second, ozone leakage causes global warming and global warming causes acid rain. Third, greenhouse effect causes ozone leakage and ozone leakage causes global warming; then it causes climate change and other climatic phenomena. Both pre-service science teachers and science teachers argue that climate change is caused by global warming. Actually, climate change is not only global warming but also global cooling. Those phenomena occur because of interactions among climate system components. They do not believe that education is able to change human attitudes in saving environmental sustainability from global climate change disasters. They believe that media give stronger effects than teachers in shaping those perceptions. Factually, most of wrong perceptions come from media.

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Wen, Qin, Jie Yao, Kristofer Döös, and Haijun Yang. "Decoding Hosing and Heating Effects on Global Temperature and Meridional Circulations in a Warming Climate." Journal of Climate 31, no. 23 (December 2018): 9605–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-18-0297.1.

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The global temperature changes under global warming result from two effects: one is the pure radiative heating effect caused by a change in greenhouse gases, and the other is the freshwater effect related to changes in precipitation, evaporation, and sea ice. The two effects are separated in a coupled climate model through sensitivity experiments in this study. It is indicated that freshwater change has a significant cooling effect that can mitigate the global surface warming by as much as ~30%. Two significant regional cooling centers occur: one in the subpolar Atlantic and one in the Southern Ocean. The subpolar Atlantic cooling, also known as the “warming hole,” is triggered by sea ice melting and the southward cold-water advection from the Arctic Ocean, and is sustained by the weakened Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. The Southern Ocean surface cooling is triggered by sea ice melting along the Antarctic and is maintained by the enhanced northward Ekman flow. In these two regions, the effect of freshwater flux change dominates over that of radiation flux change, controlling the sea surface temperature change in the warming climate. The freshwater flux change also results in the Bjerknes compensation, with the atmosphere heat transport change compensating the ocean heat transport change by about 80% during the transient stage of global warming. In terms of global temperature and Earth’s energy balance, the freshwater change plays a stabilizing role in a warming climate.

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A., Nalinakashi M., Nagaraja Rao C., and S. Sundareshan. "Global Warming - Its Causes & Effects." Mapana - Journal of Sciences 8, no. 1 (May 31, 2009): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.12723/mjs.14.3.

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One of the most current and widely discussed factors, which could lead to the ultimate end of existence of Earth and man, is global warming and its devastating effects. Scientists have asked how fast the Earth is heating up, and how the warming effects on Earth may affect crops and climatic conditions. Several current trends clearly demonstrate that global warming is directly impacting on; rising sea levels, the melting of icecaps, and significant worldwide climatic changes. This article will i) explains the degree of destruction caused by global warming; contributing factors to warming, and ii) discusses what we can do to prevent the rate of increase in global warming.

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Chatterjee, Suman, Debasis Das, and Salil Kumar Bhattacharya. "Global warming â€“ where we are." Journal of Comprehensive Health 4, no. 2 (October 26, 2020): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.53553/jch.v04i02.003.

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Over last 8000 years, Earthâ€™s surface temperature raised by 1â—¦ C only. But at the present rate of global warming, the temperature would rise by 2.5â—¦C by 2050. By the end of this century temperature would rise by another 2.5 â—¦C. The Earth which was like an icebox has started burning. The sun sends energy as heat & light. Some part of the rays get through the atmosphere, some of them get reflected back into space. The ones which get through the atmosphere warm the earth up. All the time the earth radiates heat into space. Some of the heat going out is trapped by the atmosphere. This keeps our planet warm enough to live on. But if too much heat is trapped, the planet will warm up and the climate will change. The atmospheric air around the surface of the earth is made from a mixture of gases. Some of the gases trap heat, called greenhouse gases. This phenomenon is called natural greenhouse effect. Amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is increasing day by day through human activities. More heat is trapped, enhanced greenhouse effect results. This is causing the earth to heat up universally called as â€“ â€˜Global warmingâ€™. It doesnâ€™t just mean that the earth gets hotter; the whole climate is changing. Nitrogen & Oxygen make up 99% of the atmosphere, donâ€™t trap heat, called non-greenhouse gases. Carbon dioxide, Methane, Nitrous oxide, Ozone, Water vapour â€“ these gases make up 1% of the atmosphere, trap heat, called greenhouse gases. Human activities increases the amount of these gases in the atmosphere

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Zhu, Xiaojie, and Zhengyu Liu. "Tropical SST Response to Global Warming in the Twentieth Century." Journal of Climate 22, no. 5 (March 1, 2009): 1305–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jcli2164.1.

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Abstract The trend of sea surface temperature (SST) in the twentieth century is examined in observations and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) twentieth-century simulations. The observed SST neither shows a clear signal of the enhanced equatorial response (EER) warming nor exhibits a clear trend of the El Niño–like warming in the last century. Similarly, the IPCC simulations show neither a clear EER warming nor an El Niño–like warming in the last century. Furthermore, the comparison of heat fluxes in model simulations of the global warming scenario and the twentieth century indicates that the aerosol cooling effect, opposite to the greenhouse gases warming effect, plays an important role in the twentieth century and explains the EER-like signal in the twentieth-century simulations. Therefore, a conclusion that the IPCC model simulations of the twentieth century are consistent with observations within the error bars as well as the future projection of the EER warming pattern in the global warming scenario are validated.

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Hernández-Deckers, Daniel, and Jin-Song von Storch. "Impact of the Warming Pattern on Global Energetics." Journal of Climate 25, no. 15 (August 1, 2012): 5223–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00468.1.

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Abstract The warming pattern due to higher greenhouse gas concentrations is expected to affect the global atmospheric energetics mainly via changes in the (i) meridional temperature gradient and (ii) mean static stability. Changes in surface meridional temperature gradients have been previously regarded as the determining feature for the energetics response, but recent studies suggest that changes in mean static stability may be more relevant than previously thought. This study aims to determine the relative importance of these two effects by comparing the energetics responses due to different warming patterns using a fully coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation model. By means of an additional diabatic forcing, experiments with different warming patterns are obtained: one with a 2xCO2-like pattern that validates the method, one with only the tropical upper-tropospheric warming, and one with only the high-latitude surface warming. The study’s findings suggest that the dominant aspect of the warming pattern that alters the global atmospheric energetics is not its associated meridional temperature gradient changes, but the mean static stability changes. The tropical upper warming weakens the energetics by increasing the mean static stability, whereas the surface warming strengthens it by reducing the mean static stability. The combined 2xCO2-like response is dominated by the tropical upper-tropospheric warming effect, hence the weaker energetic activity. Eddy kinetic energy changes consistently, but the two opposite responses nearly cancel each other in the 2xCO2 case. Therefore, estimates of future changes in storminess may be particularly sensitive to the relative magnitude of the main features of the simulated warming pattern.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Effect of global warming on'

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