Journal articles: 'Effect of intergroup relations on'

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Enos, Ryan D., and Christopher Celaya. "The Effect of Segregation on Intergroup Relations." Journal of Experimental Political Science 5, no. 1 (2018): 26–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/xps.2017.28.

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AbstractInter-ethnic residential segregation is correlated with intergroup bias and conflict, poorly functioning states and civil societies, weak economic development, and ethnocentric political behavior. As such, segregation has been a subject of long-standing interest. However, segregation has not been assigned in randomized controlled trials, so the observed correlations may be spurious and the mechanism behind these correlations is poorly understood. In two experiments, we randomly assign segregation in a laboratory and demonstrate that segregation affects perceptions of other people and causes intergroup bias in costly decision-making. Rather than segregation merely inhibiting intergroup contact, we demonstrate that segregation directly affects perception and thus can affect intergroup relations even when holding contact constant.

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Roccas, Sonia, and Shalom H. Schwartz. "Effects of intergroup similarity on intergroup relations." European Journal of Social Psychology 23, no. 6 (November 1993): 581–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2420230604.

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Pfister, Miriam, Ralf Wölfer, and Miles Hewstone. "Contact Capacity and Its Effect on Intergroup Relations." Social Psychological and Personality Science 11, no. 1 (April 4, 2019): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550619837004.

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Although intergroup contact is an effective means to improve intergroup attitudes, it does not always have a positive impact on them. This study introduces contact capacity as a factor that may impede intergroup contact. Longitudinal social network data ( N = 6,600; M age = 14.87 years) was collected in Germany, the Netherlands, and Sweden and used to accurately calculate participants’ out-group, in-group, and total contact. Multilevel models (L1: students, L2: school classes) showed that the total amount of contact at Wave 1 negatively predicts individuals’ out-group friends at Wave 2 while controlling for out-group attitudes, existing out-group friendships and sociodemographic variables. An additional robustness check showed that this effect holds true for future in-group friendships. The study highlights the importance of contact capacity for whether people engage in intergroup contact and the contribution of social network analysis to contact research.

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Dawd, A. M., F. Y. K. Oumar, and C. S. Cukur. "Dynamics in the Contents of Self-Stereotyping and its Implication in Inter-Group Relations." Social Psychology and Society 12, no. 2 (2021): 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/sps.2021120202.

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Objectives. Developing a comprehensive model to understand intergroup relationship through integrating two constructs usually used to be examined discretely; self-stereotyping and stereotyping. Background. Today’s understanding of intergroup behavior is firmly grounded in concepts related to stereotypes. In literature, apparently, there are, two dominant approaches in studying stereotype’s effect on intergroup relations. The first approach focuses on the effect of dominant group’s stereotype on intergroup relation, while the second approach focuses on studying the impacts of self stereotyping on victims. Furthermore, minority groups’ self-sterotyping is considered to be derived from the dominant groups’ stereotype. As a result, the prevailing approaches are insensitive to the dynamics in self-stereotype and its implication to the intergroup relationship. In this article, it is claimed that the etiology of intergroup behavior could be better understood by considering a mutually interacting groups’ perspective. Methodology. Systematic approach of reviewing the prevailing literature pertaining to stereotyping and self-stereotyping and integrative analysis method to develop new perspective. Conclusion. Intergroup relation involves the interaction of two or more groups each of them having stereotypes regarding their own group and outgroup. Thus, in this paper, we argued that, the etiology of intergroup behavior cannot be adequately understood without employing the belief system of mutually interacting groups. Hence, we integrated self-stereotyping and other’s stereotypes and the behaviors that emerge during intergroup relations is predicted using the dynamics in the content/valence of minority group members’ self-stereotyping simultaneously with the dominant groups’ stereotype. The integration of these two approaches appears to offer the most adequate explanation for the complex nature of intergroup behavior.

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Birtel, Michèle D., Gian Antonio Di Bernardo, and Loris Vezzali. "Fading Affect Bias in Intergroup Relations." Social Psychology 52, no. 4 (July 2021): 203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000449.

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Abstract. Negative affect associated with autobiographical events fades faster over time than positive affect. This Fading Affect Bias (FAB) has been established in the individual and interpersonal domains. Two studies tested the FAB in intergroup relations with Muslims ( N= 76 White British non-Muslim) and opposite gender ( N = 242 women and men) as target outgroups. The results indicated that the FAB exists in an intergroup context, for both ingroup and outgroup memories. Mediation analyses showed that intergroup contact is related to a lower fading of positive affect associated with the outgroup memory, through greater memory strength and a more positive outgroup member evaluation. The findings are important for understanding affect associated with intergroup memories and the buffering effect of positive contact.

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Martinez-Ebers, Valerie, Brian Robert Calfano, and Regina Branton. "Bringing People Together: Improving Intergroup Relations via Group Identity Cues." Urban Affairs Review 57, no. 1 (June 19, 2019): 104–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078087419853390.

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Many U.S. cities pursue a “human relations” strategy in response to racial and ethnic group conflict. Reflective of Common Ingroup Identity theory, human relations practitioners emphasize a superordinate community identity among residents from different groups for the purpose of “bringing people together” in an effort to improve intergroup relations. Practitioners also encourage intergroup contact to promote positive change in attitudes. Herein, we test the influence of group identity cues and intergroup contact as predictors of perceived intergroup commonality. The findings suggest emphasizing a superordinate community identity increases feelings of commonality in the attitudes of Anglos and Latinos toward one another and toward African-Americans and Asians, while intergroup contact has no significant influence on intergroup attitudes. These findings contribute to the extant literature by simultaneously testing the relative effect of salient group identities on intergroup attitudes and expanding the focus beyond the binary comparison found in most studies of racial–ethnic relations.

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Venugopalan, Asha. "The Effect of Affect: Friendship, Education and Prejudice in India." Studies in Indian Politics 8, no. 2 (November 1, 2020): 152–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2321023020963441.

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Intergroup relations are fundamentally based on the idea of ‘us’ and ‘them’, and this categorization has driven political loyalties and social ties in India, particularly the relations between Hindus and Muslims. Contemporary nationalist politics have often combined patriotic love for the country along with suspicion of minorities, particularly the Muslims. Given the history of tense relations between the Hindus and Muslims, the role of positive intergroup relations becomes paramount in sustaining peace among the groups. Based on Allport’s intergroup contact hypothesis, this article tests whether having a Muslim friend reduces prejudicial attitude among Hindus. Additionally, the article also tests the notion of education being a harbinger of liberal values and its role in reducing prejudice. The results indicate that having a Muslim friend is significantly correlated with a more positive outlook towards the Muslim community, but education does not reduce prejudice.

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He, Wen, Lulu Xu, Yawen Sun, Junlong Luo, and Haijiang Li. "Effects of negative metastereotype on intergroup relations among rural-to-urban migrant children in China ." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 45, no. 6 (July 7, 2017): 931–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.6548.

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We examined how group identification and intergroup anxiety jointly mediate the relationship between negative metastereotype and intergroup relations among rural-to-urban migrant children in China. Migrant children, who have both rural and urban identities, are sensitive to their uncertain status, which means that a negative metastereotype is easily activated. We recruited 105 migrant children who were randomly assigned to two groups. They received either a negative metastereotype or control manipulation. Intergroup anxiety, group identification, and intergroup relations were then assessed. Results showed that intergroup anxiety and urban identification could independently mediate the effects of a negative metastereotype on intergroup relations. Intergroup anxiety indirectly influenced intergroup relations through urban identification. These findings suggest that negative emotion and urban identification should be considered when studying the negative metastereotype of migrant children in China and should be included when planning interventions to improve intergroup relations of these children.

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O’Brien, Thomas C., Bernhard Leidner, and Linda R. Tropp. "Are they for us or against us? How intergroup metaperceptions shape foreign policy attitudes." Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 21, no. 6 (January 31, 2017): 941–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430216684645.

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We identify public opinion polls from other countries as an important form of indirect exposure to outgroups, and an important source of intergroup metaperceptions, outgroup perceptions, and support for group-level behavior towards outgroups. Three experiments demonstrate a two-step process through which such exposure affects support for ingroup behaviors that facilitate peaceful or violent intergroup relations. When indirectly exposed to national outgroups, Americans inferred intergroup metaperceptions (Step 1), which, in turn, shaped outgroup perceptions (Step 2). This effect and its underlying process occurred in relation to both fictitious (Experiment 2) and real outgroups (Iran, Experiment 1; Germany, Saudi Arabia, Experiment 3), as well as those similar (Germany) and dissimilar (Saudi Arabia) to the ingroup (Experiment 3). Further, this effect occurred beyond ingroup perceptions (Experiments 1–3), perceived intergroup threat (Experiments 2–3), and intergroup similarity (Experiment 3). Contributions to the literatures on cross-group contact, intergroup perceptions and attitudes, and image theory are discussed.

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Mazziotta, Agostino, Amélie Mummendey, and Stephen C. Wright. "Vicarious intergroup contact effects." Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 14, no. 2 (March 2011): 255–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430210390533.

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This contribution examines the role of vicarious contact (observing in-group members having successful cross-group contact) as a tool to improve intergroup relations. Expanding previous research on indirect intergroup contact, vicarious contact (1) integrates and applies concepts of social-cognitive theory ( Bandura, 1986 ) to the field of intergroup contact research; (2) broadens the study of indirect contact effects to the observation of successful cross-group interactions; and (3) proposes to increase people’s intention for direct cross-group contact. Two video-based experiments indicate that vicarious contact improves attitudes towards the out-group and increases participants’ willingness to engage in direct cross-group contact. These studies provide evidence that the relation between vicarious contact and intergroup attitudes (and willingness to engage in direct contact) is sequentially mediated by self-efficacy expectancy and perceived intergroup uncertainty. Implications of these findings for further research on the (indirect) contact hypothesis and their application will be discussed.

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Carlson, Cindy I., Kimberly D. Wilson, and Jennifer L. Hargrave. "The Effect of School Racial Composition on Hispanic Intergroup Relations." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 20, no. 2 (April 1, 2003): 203–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407503020002005.

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Carlson, Cindy I., Kimberly D. Wilson, and Jennifer L. Hargrave. "The Effect of School Racial Composition on Hispanic Intergroup Relations." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 20, no. 2 (April 2003): 203–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02654075030202005.

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Jelić, Margareta, Ena Uzelac, and Dinka Čorkalo Biruški. "Intergroup Threat as a Mediator of Ethnic Identification and Intergroup Orientations." Journal of Language and Social Psychology 39, no. 4 (June 22, 2020): 534–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0261927x20932632.

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In Croatia, four minority groups practice their right to education in their respective mother tongues. Relations between the majority and minority groups in the four multiethnic communities have developed under different historical circumstances. Thus, in some regions the different language of the minority and the majority group can be perceived as a threat to identity and result in intergroup prejudice and discrimination, whereas in others it might not. In this study, we wanted to examine: (a) the mediating effect of perceived threat on the relationship between in-group identification and intergroup orientation, (b) whether those relationships are moderated by the group status, and (c) contextual specificities, that is, we wanted to test the model in four different contexts. Results showed that ethnonationalism (rather than ethnic identity) is detrimental for intergroup relations, partially due to its connection to the perception of the out-group as a threat. Model tests in different contexts revealed some contextual differences.

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Lee, I.-Ching, Jenny C. Su, Peter H. Gries, and Frank C. S. Liu. "When objective group membership and subjective ethnic identification don’t align: How identification shapes intergroup bias through self-enhancement and perceived threat." Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 21, no. 4 (November 23, 2016): 615–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430216677301.

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When objective group membership and subjective ethnic identification don’t align, which has a greater impact on how people feel towards the groups they affiliate with, and why? Deprived of many distinctiveness markers typically found in intergroup relations (e.g., physical features, obvious status differences), Taiwanese society provides a perfect natural context to explore the impact of objective group membership (Taiwanese nationality) versus subjective ethnic identification (Taiwanese or Chinese) on intergroup bias. Results from representative telephone ( N = 1,060) and Internet ( N = 500) surveys demonstrated that even among participants with no visible distinctiveness markers or differences in social status, subjective ethnic identification contributed to intergroup bias in favor of Taiwanese over Chinese Mainlanders (main effect). Both self-enhancement (collective self-esteem as Taiwanese) and perceived threat from Chinese Mainlanders helped account for this finding (mediation effects). Implications for intergroup relations are discussed.

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Meleady, Rose, Richard J. Crisp, Gordon Hodson, and Megan Earle. "On the Generalization of Intergroup Contact: A Taxonomy of Transfer Effects." Current Directions in Psychological Science 28, no. 5 (June 14, 2019): 430–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963721419848682.

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The contact hypothesis proposes that bringing groups together under favorable conditions can improve intergroup relations. It is now well established that intergroup contact can improve attitudes not only toward the out-group as a whole but also toward other, noncontacted groups ( secondary transfer effect). We review evidence of a further, higher-order generalization effect whereby intergroup contact also impacts more general cognitive processes outside of the intergroup context (i.e., tertiary transfer effects). We present a taxonomy of transfer effects that explains these generalization effects as distinct outcomes of the contact process yet contingent on the same component process, specifically, the assessment of the semantic distance between the target (e.g., contacted individual) and the frame (e.g., group prototype). This conceptualization provides an explanatory framework for uniting the disparate forms of transfer effect in the contact literature, clarifying why primary and secondary transfer effects are facilitated by low semantic distance and why contact is more cognitively demanding under conditions of high semantic distance, but with greater potential for cognitive growth.

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Passini, Stefano. "The effect of personal orientations toward intergroup relations on moral reasoning." Journal of Moral Education 43, no. 1 (January 2, 2014): 89–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03057240.2014.884489.

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Schopler, John, and Chester A. Insko. "The Discontinuity Effect in Interpersonal and Intergroup Relations: Generality and Mediation." European Review of Social Psychology 3, no. 1 (January 1992): 121–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14792779243000041.

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Bratt, Christopher. "The Jigsaw classroom under test: No effect on intergroup relations evident." Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology 18, no. 5 (September 2008): 403–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/casp.946.

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Olsson, Maria, Camilla Matera, Linda K. Tip, and Rupert Brown. "The double-edged effect of intergroup similarity: Muslim and Christian immigrants’ acculturation preferences on intergroup relations in Sweden." Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 22, no. 4 (December 21, 2017): 478–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430217740432.

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A 2 x 2 x 2 experiment examined effects of the acculturation orientations seen to be endorsed by immigrants (of two different religions) on intergroup relations in Sweden. Swedish majority participants ( N = 448) read interviews with Iraqi immigrants in which the immigrants’ religion (Muslim vs. Christian), desired level of contact with the host society (high vs. low), and desire to maintain their own culture (high vs. low) were manipulated. Overall, immigrants who were perceived to favour contact elicited more favourable intergroup attitudes. Desire for contact also interacted with immigrants’ religion: contact among Muslim minorities increased majority members’ support for multiculturalism. In addition, majority members identified more with being Swedish when Christian minorities appeared to endorse contact and reject their heritage culture, which corresponds to an acculturation strategy of assimilation. These findings demonstrate the complex role of religious similarity in intergroup relations. Implications for future research are proposed.

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Зубков, Павел Александрович. "Equally Despised, Equally Despising:." Городские исследования и практики 2, no. 1 (September 20, 2017): 40–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/usp21201740-53.

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The growing number of Muslim immigrants in Moscow presents a significant challenge for intergroup relations in an urban context. Among Muscovites, Seventh-day Adventists as a religious minority appear to share a common prejudice against another minority: Muslim immigrants. This study seeks to determine factors that influence negative attitudes of these Adventists toward immigrants and to build a model for prejudice reduction. The proposed model includes two dependent variables (social distance and prejudice), five moderating variables (symbolic threat, realistic threat, ethnocentrism, stereotypes, and intergroup anxiety), and three independent variables (intergroup contact, in-group identity, and spirituality). Data collected from sixteen churches and 394 respondents were analyzed using AMOS-17 and a structural equation modeling software package. The study found that spirituality, realistic threat, and intergroup anxiety have a direct effect on prejudice and accounts for 72% of its variance. Realistic threat and prejudice have a direct effect on social distance and explain 41% of its variance. Further, the study found that spirituality, realistic threat, and stereotypes have a direct effect on intergroup anxiety and explain 31% of its variance. It was also found that realistic threat have a direct effect on stereotypes and explain 28% of its variance. The findings of this study suggest a certain level of negative attitudes expressed by one religious minority toward another; it also suggests spirituality to be the primary means in reducing prejudice among the Seventh-day Adventists toward Muslim immigrants. This study has found realistic threat to have a more significant effect on attitudes of church members than symbolic threat. Likewise, the moderating effect of the emotional factor (intergroup anxiety) has a far greater influence on prejudice and social distance than that of the cognitive factor (stereotypes). This study could be useful for intergroup-relations researchers, particularly those focusing on relations between religious minority groups. It can also be relevant for Christian leaders in order to educate their churches in cross-cultural communication and cultural diversity.

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Albarello, Flavia, and Monica Rubini. "Linguistic Discrimination Toward Roma: Can Intergroup Threat Enhance Bias?" Journal of Language and Social Psychology 37, no. 3 (August 11, 2017): 350–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0261927x17725880.

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This study tested whether intergroup threat enhances prejudice and discrimination toward the highly discriminated out-group of Roma. An implicit measure of linguistic discrimination, namely language abstraction of terms used in Roma descriptions, and an explicit measure of affective prejudice, that is, feelings thermometer, were employed. The relation between implicit and explicit discrimination was also analyzed. Threat enhanced linguistic derogation and affective prejudice toward Roma. Linguistic abstraction mediated threat’s effect on affective prejudice. The implications of the findings were discussed with reference to the role of language in shaping intergroup relations and social exclusion.

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Klimecki, Olga M. "The Role of Empathy and Compassion in Conflict Resolution." Emotion Review 11, no. 4 (July 2, 2019): 310–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754073919838609.

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Empathy and empathy-related processes, such as compassion and personal distress, are recognized to play a key role in social relations. This review examines the role of empathy in interpersonal and intergroup relations, including intractable conflicts. Despite the limitations of empathy, there is growing evidence that empathy and compassion are associated with more prosocial behavior in interpersonal relations. Furthermore, empathy and compassion have been associated with more favorable attitudes and higher readiness for reconciliation across a range of intergroup settings. This review ends by summarizing recent evidence for the beneficial effects of compassion training on interpersonal and intergroup relations and by outlining new avenues for future research on how compassion training could reduce intergroup conflicts.

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Schumann, Sandy, Nicolas van der Linden, and Olivier Klein. "Bridging the Gap on Facebook: Assessing Intergroup Contact and Its Effects for Intergroup Relations." Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking 15, no. 8 (August 2012): 411–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2011.0569.

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Krings, Victoria C., Ben Steeden, Dominic Abrams, and Michael A. Hogg. "Social attitudes and behavior in the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence and prospects from research on group processes and intergroup relations." Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 24, no. 2 (February 2021): 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430220986673.

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The impact of COVID-19 on our way of life is yet to be fully understood. However, social psychology theory and research offer insights into its effect on social attitudes and behaviors, and here we gather the views of a unique group of experts in group processes and intergroup relations. Group processes and intergroup relations are major factors in social resilience and change arising from the COVID-19 pandemic. This special issue was developed to foreground the crucial role of group processes and intergroup relations in the COVID-19 pandemic. This article provides an overview of the areas explored in the special issue. First, we focus on the impact on societies, covering the evolution of intergroup processes during the pandemic, leadership, social connectedness, cultural differences in responses, and social development. Second, we turn to intergroup inequality and focus on gender inequality, ageism, xenophobia, and racial bias during COVID-19. Third, we explore worldviews during the pandemic, specifically conspiracy theories, science skepticism, and existential threat. Finally, we focus on the pandemic’s impact on behaviors, covering virtual working, social activism, virtual ostracism, and conformity and deviance. We finish with a discussion of the value of social psychology in helping us understand the impact of COVID-19 on social attitudes and behavior. As this special issue shows, group processes and intergroup relations are central to the ways that individuals and society is dealing with the challenges of this pandemic.

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Crisp, Richard J., and Shenel Husnu. "Attributional processes underlying imagined contact effects." Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 14, no. 2 (March 2011): 275–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430210390721.

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Recent research has demonstrated that mentally simulating positive intergroup encounters can promote tolerance and more positive intergroup attitudes. We explored the attributional processes underlying these effects. In our study participants who imagined intergroup contact subsequently reported greater intentions to engage in future contact, a relationship that was mediated by participants’ attribution, to themselves, of a more positive attitudinal orientation towards outgroup contact. Consistent with this attributional account, the perspective taken when imagining the encounter qualified this effect. Participants who imagined the encounter from a third-person perspective reported heightened intentions to engage in future contact relative to control participants, while this was not the case when the encounter was imagined from a first-person perspective. These findings suggest that attributional processes are key to observing the benefits that accrue from imagining intergroup contact. We speculate that these attributions may distinguish the approach from extended and actual forms of contact and help researchers to further capitalize on the benefits of mental imagery for improving intergroup relations.

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Dovidio, John F., Angelika Love, Fabian M. H. Schellhaas, and Miles Hewstone. "Reducing intergroup bias through intergroup contact: Twenty years of progress and future directions." Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 20, no. 5 (June 25, 2017): 606–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430217712052.

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Classic research on the contact hypothesis focused on the direct relationship between the antecedents (conditions under which contact occurs) and the outcomes (primarily, the reduction of prejudice) of intergroup contact. Recent work has taken a broader view of contact processes and effects. We review key developments over the past 20 years, identifying different forms of contact, factors that mediate and moderate the effects of contact, and both the nature and temporal stage and the varied outcomes of contact. We then identify several research directions to address pressing theoretical and practical issues. These issues concern (a) group processes and intergroup relations, (b) intergroup contact in the context of multiple categorization, (c) structural- and individual-level processes, (d) a broader range of individual-level outcomes (e.g., health), and (e) impact on social change. Contact theory and research provides a comprehensive conceptual foundation, allied to a range of powerful empirical techniques, for important new advances and practical applications for improving intergroup relations and producing more equitable outcomes across groups.

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Grigoryev, Dmitry S., Tomas Jurcik, Anastasia A. Batkhina, and Dmitrii I. Dubrov. "Toward an Ecological Perspective of Interethnic Ideologies: Moderation Effects of Ethnic Density on Relationships between Interethnic Ideologies and Intergroup Bias." Российский психологический журнал 15, no. 2/1 (September 30, 2018): 117–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21702/rpj.2018.2.1.7.

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Introduction. In this exploratory study, we examined several interethnic ideologies held by individuals (assimilation, colorblindness, multiculturalism, and polyculturalism) from a social ecological perspective. We examined moderation effects of neighborhood ethnic density (ED) on relationships between interethnic ideologies and intergroup bias towards various minority ethnic groups in the Russian context. Intergroup bias was assessed as a composite score of bias toward four ethnic groups who have different cultural distances from the Russian mainstream population: Chechens, Belarusians, Uzbeks, and Chinese. Method. We obtained a gender balanced sample of ethnic Russians from the Central Federal District of Russia (N = 359) comprising of 47% women and 53% men. The measures were used in a Russian translation by an adaptation using the back-translation and cognitive interviews. Multiple regression analysis was used to test the relationships. Results. The results showed that high perceived neighborhood non-Russian ED weakened negative relations between intergroup bias and ideologies that purportedly accept cultural diversity (multiculturalism and polyculturalism). On the other hand, for interethnic ideologies those purportedly reject cultural diversity, high perceived neighborhood non-Russian ED weakened the positive relations between intergroup bias and assimilation and strengthened the negative relations between intergroup bias and colorblindness. Summary and Conclusions. The pattern of results suggests that the relationship between attitudes and intergroup bias may change based on the perceived ethnic composition of the local area and frequency of contacts. Although our findings are relatively novel they support the emerging view that attitudes and intergroup relations need to be studied from a social ecological context.

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Reimer, Nils Karl, Angelika Love, Ralf Wölfer, and Miles Hewstone. "Building Social Cohesion Through Intergroup Contact: Evaluation of a Large-Scale Intervention to Improve Intergroup Relations Among Adolescents." Journal of Youth and Adolescence 50, no. 6 (February 18, 2021): 1049–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10964-021-01400-8.

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AbstractPast research has found intergroup contact to be a promising intervention to reduce prejudice and has identified adolescence as the developmental period during which intergroup contact is most effective. Few studies, however, have tested whether contact-based interventions can be scaled up to improve intergroup relations at a large scale. The present research evaluated whether and when the National Citizen Service, a large-scale contact-based intervention reaching one in six 15- to 17-year-olds in England and Northern Ireland, builds social cohesion among adolescents from different ethnic backgrounds. In a diverse sample of adolescents (N = 2099; Mage = 16.37, age range: 15–17 years; 58% female), this study used a pretest–posttest design with a double pretest to assess the intervention’s effectiveness. Controlling for test–retest effects, this study found evidence that the intervention decreased intergroup anxiety and increased outgroup perspective-taking—but not that it affected intergroup attitudes, intergroup trust, or perceptions of relative (dis-)advantage. These (small) effects were greater for adolescents who had experienced less positive contact before participating and who talked more about group differences while participating. These findings suggest that the intervention might not immediately improve intergroup relations—but that it has the potential to prepare adolescents, especially those with less positive contact experiences before the intervention, for more positive intergroup interactions in the future.

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Aydin, Anna Lisa, Johannes Ullrich, Birte Siem, Kenneth D. Locke, and Nurit Shnabel. "Agentic and communal interaction goals in conflictual intergroup relations." Journal of Social and Political Psychology 7, no. 1 (February 8, 2019): 144–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/jspp.v7i1.746.

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Members of conflicting groups experience threats to different identity dimensions, resulting in the need to restore the aspect of identity that was threatened. Do these needs translate into specific goals in social interactions? In the present research, we examined the hypotheses that (1) experiencing one’s ingroup as illegitimately disadvantaged or victimized arouses agentic goals (to act and appear assertive and confident) when interacting with the advantaged or victimizing group, while (2) experiencing one’s ingroup as illegitimately advantaged or perpetrating transgressions arouses communal goals (to act and appear warm and trustworthy) when interacting with the disadvantaged or victimized group. Study 1 (N = 391) generally supported both hypotheses across diverse intergroup contexts involving gender, national/ethnic, and consumer identities. Study 2 (N = 122) replicated this pattern in a context of occupational identities. Study 2 further showed that the effect of ingroup role on agentic and communal intergroup goals was not moderated by participants’ general dispositional preferences for agentic and communal goals in interpersonal interactions, thus demonstrating how ingroup role exerts a distinct and robust influence on goals for interactions with other groups. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

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Rutland, Adam, Marco Cinnirella, and Rhona Simpson. "Stability and Variability in National and European Self-Identification." European Psychologist 13, no. 4 (January 2008): 267–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040.13.4.267.

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This study examines how intergroup context effects on national and European self-identification are in part dependent upon the perceived category relations between relevant self-categories ( Rutland & Cinnirella, 2000 ). Based upon the findings of a first study (N = 45) into the perceived similarity of Scottish, British and European self-categories, we successfully a priori predicted the direction of context effects on self-identification. Our second study (N = 104) found intergroup context effects on European self-identification but not Scottish and British self-identification. As anticipated, European self-identification decreased when Germans and Americans were included in the comparative intergroup context. This study extends previous research into intergroup context effects on self-identification by showing it is possible to predict the direction of such effects with prior consideration of the perceived category relations between self-categories.

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Christ, Oliver, Frank Asbrock, Kristof Dhont, Thomas F. Pettigrew, and Ulrich Wagner. "The Effects of Intergroup Climate on Immigrants’ Acculturation Preferences." Zeitschrift für Psychologie 221, no. 4 (January 2013): 252–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000155.

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The effect of the intergroup climate on acculturation preferences among host-majority and immigrant group members has been long acknowledged in the acculturation literature. Only recently, however, research has started to directly examine the effect of the intergroup climate on acculturation preferences. In the present research, we aimed to contribute to this new and important line of research by adopting a multilevel approach to examine the effect of the intergroup climate (social context level of analysis) on immigrants’ acculturation preferences (individual level of analysis) over and above individual-level predictors of acculturation preferences. Based on recent cross-sectional survey data from Germany, we examined the acculturation preferences (cultural maintenance and maintenance of intergroup relations) of members of immigrant groups (immigrants from non-Western countries; N individual level = 317) living in different districts in Germany (N district-level = 179). On the social context level, we used the mean prejudice- and acculturation preferences-scores of the German respondents (N = 3,495) as proxies for the intergroup climate within these districts. Results of multilevel path analysis showed that on the context level, a negative intergroup climate (i.e., a higher amount of prejudice of the German respondents within the districts) was related to a stronger desire for cultural maintenance among the immigrants. The potential implications of a hostile intergroup climate for the acculturation process are discussed.

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Lampropoulos, Dimitrios, Jais Troïan, Céline D’Amico, Lise Bentata, and Thémis Apostolidis. "Evidence for the Influence of Social Dominance Orientation and Intergroup Relations on the Stigma of Schizophrenia." European Journal of Health Psychology 25, no. 4 (October 2018): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/2512-8442/a000018.

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Abstract. The stigma of schizophrenia is an intergroup phenomenon associated with issues of social power. We consider that the concept of stigma power should be extended to include intergroup relations that go beyond the aspect of the relation between “schizophrenic” and “normal.” With the present study, we intend to demonstrate that perceivers hold more stigmatizing attitudes toward a person with schizophrenia belonging to the outgroup and that especially when the perceiver has a higher Social Dominance Orientation (SDO). One hundred and sixty-one participants from the general population participated in our study (50.3% male, Mage = 39.14, SD = 16.36), which was based on a 2 (Sex of Target: male vs. female) × 2 (Sex of Participant: male vs. female) × SDO between-subjects design. The participants read a standardized vignette used in previous research, depicting a person presenting the symptoms of schizophrenia, and were then asked to complete questionnaires about SDO and intention to discriminate against the depicted individual. Our analysis showed the main effect of SDO on discriminating intentions. Simple slope analysis revealed that SDO predicts male participants’ discriminating intentions when the target is a woman, while this relation is not significant when the target is a man. The exact reverse pattern was observed among female participants. Our results suggest intergroup relations and ideological motivations underpin the stigma of schizophrenia. We conclude that different group belongings of individuals with schizophrenia as well as the public’s ideological motivations should be further considered by future research and anti-stigma efforts.

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Imperato, Chiara, and Tiziana Mancini. "Intergroup Dialogues in the Landscape of Digital Societies: How Does the Dialogical Self Affect Intercultural Relations in Online Contexts?" Societies 11, no. 3 (July 21, 2021): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soc11030084.

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The effects of intergroup dialogues on intercultural relations in digital societies and the growing conflict, inflammatory and hate speech phenomena characterizing these environments are receiving increasing attention in socio-psychological studies. Based on Allport’s contact theory, scholars have shown that online intercultural contact reduces ethnic prejudice and discrimination, although it is not yet clear when and how this occurs. By analyzing the role of the Dialogical Self in online intercultural dialogues, we aim to understand how individuals position themselves and others at three levels of inclusiveness—personal, social, and human—and how this process is associated with attitudes towards the interlocutor, intergroup bias and prejudice, whilst also considering the inclusion of the Other in the Self and ethnic/racial identity. An experimental procedure was administered via the Qualtrics platform, and data were collected among 118 undergraduate Italian students through an anonymous questionnaire. From ANOVA and moderation analysis, it emerged that the social level of inclusiveness was positively associated with ethnic/racial identity and intergroup bias. Furthermore, the human level of inclusiveness was associated with the inclusion of the Other in the Self and ethnic/racial identity, and unexpectedly, also with intergroup bias. We conclude that when people interact online as “human beings”, the positive effect of online dialogue fails, hindering the differentiation processes necessary to define one’s own and the interlocutor’s identities. We discuss the effects of intercultural dialogue in the landscape of digital societies and the relevance of our findings for theory, research and practice.

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Schori-Eyal, Noa, Eran Halperin, and Tamar Saguy. "Intergroup commonality, political ideology, and tolerance of enemy collateral casualties in intergroup conflicts." Journal of Peace Research 56, no. 3 (February 15, 2019): 425–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343318818658.

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Despite their pernicious effect on intergroup conflict, collateral casualties are seen as inevitable and justified by many members of the groups involved, particularly those who endorse a right-wing ideology. Drawing on social psychological literature, we examined whether a perception of commonality between in-group and out-group can be beneficial for reducing tolerance to collateral causalities. We hypothesized that viewing the out-group as sharing commonalities with the in-group can reduce processes of out-group delegitimization, which are common among right-wingers in intractable conflicts, and may therefore serve to explain reduction in tolerance to collateral casualties. Three correlational studies were conducted among Jewish-Israelis in the context of the conflict with the Palestinians to test this. In Study 1, right-wing political ideology was associated with stronger support for enemy collateral casualties, and the effect was moderated by perceived intergroup commonality. While leftists were overall non-supportive of collateral casualties, rightists who perceived high intergroup commonality were less tolerant of collateral casualties than those low on intergroup commonality. In Study 2, conducted during violent escalation, we replicated these results while controlling for anger, fear, and hatred. In Study 3, we found that the effect was mediated by delegitimization of the out-group. These results extend the range of beneficial impact of intergroup commonality, and imply that it may be used as a tool to promote conflict resolution.

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Urbanska, Karolina, Samuel Pehrson, and Rhiannon N. Turner. "Authority fairness for all? Intergroup status and expectations of procedural justice and resource distribution." Journal of Social and Political Psychology 7, no. 2 (October 14, 2019): 766–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/jspp.v7i2.974.

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Authorities such as the police and the government play a vital function in maintaining order in the social systems in which groups exist. Relational models of procedural justice (PJ) state that fair treatment from authority affirms the social standing of those identifying with the authority, communicating inclusion and respect. Previous research suggests that social identity may also inform expectations of authority fairness. Focusing on an intergroup context of authority decision-making, the present research tests a novel hypothesis regarding whether intergroup social status may also inform expectations of authority fairness in terms of fair treatment and favourable outcomes. Operationalising PJ as the extent to which people are provided voice by authorities, three experimental studies showed no effect of intergroup status on expected PJ from authority. A sample weighed internal meta-analysis (N = 704) also provided no support for the hypothesis that relative outgroup status shapes expectations of voice from authority (d = -.02). Intergroup status did, however, influence the extent to which people expected authorities to distribute resources favourably towards the outgroups. Lower status outgroups were expected to receive less favourable outcomes from authorities than equal status outgroups (d = -.23). Thus, outgroup status affects people’s judgements of the resources that outgroups deserve from authority. The present research is among the first to consider how intergroup relations may drive expectations of how authorities will act towards other social groups. Implications for wielding authority and the role of perceived intergroup threat in intergroup settings are discussed.

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Anna Mähönen, Tuuli, and Inga Jasinskaja-Lahti. "Anticipated and Perceived Intergroup Relations as Predictors of Immigrants’ Identification Patterns." European Psychologist 17, no. 2 (January 2012): 120–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000114.

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The present study among Ingrian-Finnish remigrants (N = 153) from Russia to Finland examined the effects of anticipated discrimination in the pre-migration stage on the way intergroup relations are perceived and multiple cultural identities are formed in the post-migration stage. First, the results indicated that anticipated discrimination in the pre-migration stage affected perceived discrimination, permeability of group boundaries, and group status legitimacy in the post-migration stage. Second, anticipated discrimination in the pre-migration stage was not directly associated with any of the identities in the post-migration stage, but it was indirectly associated with national identification, via perceived discrimination and permeability of group boundaries. Perceived discrimination and impermeability of group boundaries in the post-migration stage were associated with lower levels of remigrants’ national (Finnish) identification in the new homeland. Third, the perceived legitimacy of Ingrian-Finns’ low status was associated with increased Russian minority identification. The findings extend previous research on the effects of anticipated intergroup contact on actual intergroup encounters on the one hand, and on the effects of perceived discrimination, status legitimacy, and permeability of group boundaries on national and ethnic identification among immigrants, on the other.

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Graf, Sylvie, Stefania Paolini, and Mark Rubin. "Does intimacy counteract or amplify the detrimental effects of negative intergroup contact on attitudes?" Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 23, no. 2 (May 30, 2018): 214–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430218767026.

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Past research is limited by a focus on intimacy in positive intergroup contact. This study tested whether intergroup intimacy counteracts or amplifies the detrimental effects of negative intergroup contact on outgroup attitudes. Participants from five Central European countries ( N = 1,276) described their intergroup contact with, and attitudes towards, citizens from neighboring nations. We coded the contact descriptions for presence (vs. absence) of intimacy (intimate, casual, or formal relationships) and contact valence (negative, positive, or ambivalent). The results indicated that those who reported negative contact in the context of intimate relationships displayed more positive outgroup attitudes than those who reported negative contact in the context of nonintimate relationships. This protective function of intimacy extended to instances of ambivalent contact. Our findings speak of the additive value of intimacy and positivity for intergroup relations; they underscore the benefits of intimacy as part of not only positive but also negative intergroup contact.

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Terbeck, S., J. Savulescu, L. P. Chesterman, and P. J. Cowen. "Noradrenaline effects on social behaviour, intergroup relations, and moral decisions." Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 66 (July 2016): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.03.031.

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Finlay, Krystina A., and Walter G. Stephan. "Improving Intergroup Relations: The Effects of Empathy on Racial Attitudes1." Journal of Applied Social Psychology 30, no. 8 (August 2000): 1720–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2000.tb02464.x.

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Achbari, Wahideh, Benny Geys, and Bertjan Doosje. "Comparing the effect of cross-group friendship on generalized trust to its effect on prejudice: The mediating role of threat perceptions and negative affect." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 5, 2021): e0245983. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245983.

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Intergroup relations theory posits that cross-group friendship reduces threat perceptions and negative emotions about outgroups. This has been argued to mitigate the negative effects of ethnic diversity on generalized trust. Yet, direct tests of this friendship-trust relation, especially including perceptions of threat and negative affect as mediators, have remained rare at the individual level. In this article, we bridge this research gap using representative data from eight European countries (Group-Focused Enmity). We employ structural equation modelling (SEM) to model mediated paths of cross-group friendship on generalized trust via perceptions of threat and negative affect. We find that both the total effect as well as the (mediated) total indirect effect of cross-group friendship on generalized trust are weak when compared with similar paths estimated for prejudice.

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Richeson, Jennifer A., and Maureen A. Craig. "Intra-minority Intergroup Relations in the Twenty-First Century." Daedalus 140, no. 2 (April 2011): 166–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00085.

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Recent projections indicate that by the year 2050, racial minorities will comprise more than 50 percent of the U.S. population. That is, the United States is expected to become a “majority-minority” nation. This essay adopts a social psychological approach to consider how these dramatic demographic changes may affect both racial minorities and white Americans. Specifically, drawing from theoretical work on social identification, the essay examines the likely psychological meaning (if any) of a majority-minority nation for racial minorities' self-concepts and the resulting effects on their evaluations of members of other racial minority groups. In addition, the potential reactions of white Americans to the possibility of becoming a numerical minority are explored. Drawing on reactions to the election of Barack Obama as the first black president of the United States, the authors conclude by discussing the implications of America's shifting racial demographics for the U.S. racial hierarchy.

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Craig, Maureen A., Julian M. Rucker, and Jennifer A. Richeson. "The Pitfalls and Promise of Increasing Racial Diversity: Threat, Contact, and Race Relations in the 21st Century." Current Directions in Psychological Science 27, no. 3 (December 19, 2017): 188–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963721417727860.

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A decades-long trend toward greater racial and ethnic diversity in the United States is expected to continue, with White Americans projected to constitute less than 50% of the national population by mid century. The present review integrates recent empirical research on the effects of making this population change salient with research on how actual diversity affects Whites Americans’ intergroup attitudes and behavior. Specifically, we offer a framework for understanding and predicting the effects of anticipated increases in racial diversity that highlights the competing influences of intergroup concerns, such as relative group status and power, and more interpersonal experiences, such as positive contact, on intergroup relations. We close with a discussion of the likely moderators of the effects of the increasing national racial diversity and consider implications of this societal change for racial equity in the 21st century.

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Grigoryev, D. S. "Contact-Emotion-Prejudice Model: The Role of Colorblindness and Perceived Ethnic Density." Social Psychology and Society 11, no. 3 (2020): 167–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/sps.2020110311.

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Objectives. In this study examined the moderation effect of colorblindness and perceived ethnic density (PED) on the relationship between negative intergroup contact between Russians and four ethnic outgroups (Belarusians, Uzbeks, Chechens, Chinese) and negative intergroup emotions towards them and generalized prejudice. Background. One of the central issues on the current agenda for plural societies is how we shall live together. The ethnic majority usually has a culturally dominant group status and sets the character of intercultural relations in countries. Study design. Cross-sectional one-sample correlation design using data from socio-psychological survey. Participants. 360 ethnic Russians from the Central Federal District of Russia. Measurements. Colorblindness (Rosenthal & Levy, 2012), PED (Jurcik et al., 2015), negative intergroup contact (Reimer et al., 2017) and emotions (Seger et al., 2017), frequency of intergroup contact (Visintin et al., 2017), prejudice (Grigoryev et al., 2018). Results. (1) the negative emotions fully mediated the relationship between the negative contact and generalized prejudice; (2) the negative contact was positively associated with the negative emotions; (3) the negative emotions were positively associated with generalized prejudice; (4) colorblindness moderated the relationship between the negative emotions and generalized prejudice by weakening this relationship excluding PED and including PED but only in the context of high PED, as well as colorblindness was a negative predictor of generalized prejudice directly. Conclusions. These findings are consistent with those obtained previously that colorblindness in the Russian context has particular benefits for harmonizing intergroup relations with culturally distant outgroups.

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Vezzali, Loris, Dino Giovannini, and Dora Capozza. "Longitudinal effects of contact on intergroup relations: The role of majority and minority group membership and intergroup emotions." Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology 20, no. 6 (September 6, 2010): 462–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/casp.1058.

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ZHAO, Hebin, Changcheng WANG, Mian XIA, and Xujie WANG. "The effects of positive contact and negative contact on intergroup relations." Advances in Psychological Science 28, no. 2 (2020): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1042.2020.00316.

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Parks, Stefania, Michèle D. Birtel, and Richard J. Crisp. "Evidence That a Brief Meditation Exercise Can Reduce Prejudice Toward Homeless People." Social Psychology 45, no. 6 (November 1, 2014): 458–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000212.

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Recent research has shown that integrating social and clinical psychological perspectives can be effective when designing prejudice-interventions, with psychotherapeutic techniques successful at tackling anxiety in intergroup contexts. This research tests whether a single, brief loving-kindness meditation intervention, without containing any reference to the intergroup context, could reduce prejudice. This exercise was selected for its proven positive effects on mental and physical health. We observed that participants who took part in two variations of this meditation exercise (one involving a stranger, the other a homeless person) reported reduced intergroup anxiety, as well as more positive explicit attitudes, and enhanced future contact intentions. We conclude that combining approaches in intergroup relations and psychotherapy could be beneficial to design new interventions to combat prejudice and discrimination.

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Owuamalam, Chuma Kevin, and Mark Rubin. "When Do Low Status Groups Help High Status Groups? The Moderating Effects of Ingroup Identification, Audience Group Membership, and Perceived Reputational Benefit." Journal of Social and Political Psychology 2, no. 1 (November 27, 2014): 289–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/jspp.v2i1.33.

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Previous research has demonstrated that, when negative metastereotypes are made salient, members of low status groups help members of high status groups in order to improve the reputation of their low status group and its associated social identity. The present research investigated three potential moderators of low status groups’ outgroup helping: ingroup identification, audience group membership, and perceived reputational benefit. In Study 1 (N = 112) we found that members of a low status group (Keele University students) were most likely to offer to help raise funds for a high status group (University of Birmingham students) when they were high identifiers who had considered a negative metastereotype and believed that their responses would be viewed by an outgroup member. In Study 2 (N = 100) we found a similar effect in an intergroup context that referred to psychology students (low status ingroup) and junior doctors (high status outgroup), showing that the effect was limited to people who perceived reputational benefit in helping the outgroup. The practical and social implications of these findings are discussed in relation to intergroup contact and international relations.

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Marinthe, Gaëlle, Juan Manuel Falomir-Pichastor, Benoit Testé, and Rodolphe Kamiejski. "Flags on fire: Consequences of a national symbol’s desecration for intergroup relations." Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 23, no. 5 (August 12, 2019): 744–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430219853352.

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Desecrating a national symbol is a powerful means of protest or of showing antipathy for a national group, but how do such actions impact ingroup favoritism? We investigated this issue via two field studies conducted prior to the France versus Ireland (Study 1, N = 72) and France versus Germany (Study 2, N = 165) matches at the Euro 2016 soccer tournament. We asked French participants to imagine the ingroup/competition outgroup flag being burnt by ingroup/competition outgroup perpetrators. Imagining the ingroup flag being burnt increased proingroup bias through increase in either ingroup favoritism (Study 1) or outgroup derogation (for all outgroups, including those unconnected with the threat; Study 2). Perpetrators’ group membership did not have the expected moderating effect. We discuss the implications of these results for social identity defense strategies and for the consequences of intragroup versus intergroup threats.

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Song, Hwanseok, Jonathon P. Schuldt, Poppy L. McLeod, Rhiannon L. Crain, and Janis L. Dickinson. "Group norm violations in an online environmental social network: Effects on impression formation and intergroup judgments." Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 21, no. 3 (November 3, 2017): 422–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430217733118.

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Much research has demonstrated the power of social norms to affect proenvironmental behavior and conservation-related attitudes and beliefs in traditional “offline” social contexts. With the emergence of social media and citizen science platforms that allow for socially coordinated conservation efforts at scale comes a need to better understand the influence of social norms in online contexts. The present experiment explored effects of norm violations on impression formation and intergroup judgments within the context of Habitat Network, a socially networked mapping application where users create and share virtual representations (maps) of their properties. Results revealed that when participants viewed a map depicting the violation of a strongly held group norm—namely, the presence of an outdoor (vs. indoor) pet cat—they judged the map owner as significantly less likely to engage in a variety of proenvironmental behaviors. Importantly, this effect emerged despite evidence that the owner was already engaging in various sustainable practices. Moreover, the effect was mediated by the perceived quality of wildlife habitat represented by the map and moderated by participants’ group membership status (as a cat owner) in a manner consistent with theories of impression formation and intergroup judgments. We discuss implications for social cognition and intergroup relations in proenvironmental online contexts.

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Janković, Ana, and Sabina Čehajić-Clancy. "The Power of the Media on Peace and Reconciliation Processes: Representing Former Enemy Groups as Moral versus Immoral Matters." Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology 15 (January 2021): 183449092110025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/18344909211002561.

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The efforts of peace-building and reconciliation between historical enemies are faced with many structural and psychological obstacles. Scholars have identified mechanisms that can induce improvements in psychological aspects of intergroup relations, such as intergroup contact. However, establishing direct contact with everyone is impossible. Therefore, the mass media represents an important source through which groups learn about each other. Numerous studies have shown that stereotypical and often negative portrayals of specific social groups through the media produce or reinforce negative intergroup outcomes. In this research, the authors report results from an experimental study conducted in a post-conflict society of Bosnia and Herzegovina ( N = 119). It examined the effects of stereotypical and counter-stereotypical representations of former enemy groups (Bosniaks) through the media on intergroup behavior (reported by Bosnian Serbs). More specifically, in this research the authors explored the effects of representing out-group individuals as immoral (the stereotypical condition) and moral (the counter-stereotypical condition) on specific behavioral tendencies toward the historical enemy group. The results indicate that exposure to primarily moral information about the out-group target facilitated important positive intergroup outcomes. This study extends the literature and research on moral exemplars by demonstrating the effects on relevant intergroup outcomes whilst utilizing current (vs. historical) moral exemplar stories.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Effect of intergroup relations on'

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