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Li, Dehui, Libo Fan, and Zhenning Yang. "Network curse effects: research based on listed manufacturing enterprises in China." Nankai Business Review International 10, no. 1 (February 21, 2019): 91–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nbri-09-2017-0053.
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Purpose Although the importance of network embeddedness attracted much attention in recent years, the interpretations of the underlying mechanism almost focus on the positive effects and neglect the potential negative aspects. This paper aims to use Chinese listed manufacturing enterprises, in the perspective of network embeddedness, to analyze whether resource curse effects exist in strategic networks of enterprises. Design/methodology/approach This paper examines the resource curse effect that exists in enterprise networks through analysis of enterprise’s total factors productivity compared with those of its industry peers with different degrees of embeddedness. This paper then uses several different methods, such as clustered fixed and random effect model, core and peripheral model, and generalized method of moments estimation in endogenous checks, to detect network curse effects and reveal three potential mechanisms, including overinvestment, extra maintaining cost and innovation extrusion. Findings This paper finds that excessive network embeddedness hinders continuous improvement of productivity, which is derived from three mechanisms: excessive network embeddedness makes information redundancy among enterprises, and the imitate-follow effect makes excessive investment seriously; enterprises have to encounter more problems and difficulties, such as information coordination and benefit negotiation, to maintain network relationship, which leads to extra cost; enterprises with abundant network resources may tend to more emphasis on marketable operational abilities, resulting in resource decentralization and less investment on innovation, which is finally not beneficial to productivity improvement in the long run. Originality/value Compared with previous literatures, this paper not only enriches the understanding of negative mechanisms in enterprise`s network embeddedness, but also unfolds the inconsistency of network embeddedness effects in practice and finds new evidence that the two types of network embeddedness are consistent in certain circumstances.
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Nerudová, D., and V. Solilová. "Transfer pricing in agricultural enterprises." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 57, No. 7 (August 1, 2011): 311–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/84/2010-agricecon.
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International tax issues already have not been problems of multinational enterprises. The effect of globalization and international business development causes that many small and medium size firms including agricultural entities are now engaged in the cross-border transactions and have to face the international tax issues. One of the important areas of international taxes is transfer pricing. The transactions between these persons should be assessed at their arm's length price according to the arm's length principle (internationally accepted standard) as the price which would have been agreed between the unrelated parties in free market conditions. The aim of the paper is to evaluate the impact of the selection of the form of the subsidiary on the total tax liability of the agricultural entity, including the determination of the transfer price, the application of the arm's length principle and decisions about the most suitable legal form of the subsidiary.
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Narteh, Bedman, and George Acheampong. "Foreign participation and internationalization intensity of African enterprises." International Marketing Review 35, no. 4 (July 9, 2018): 560–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-12-2015-0273.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to establish the relationship between foreign participation in enterprises in Africa, their internationalization intensity and the associated moderating conditions. Design/methodology/approach The study utilized data from the World Bank enterprise surveys in 46 African countries across seven years. The hypothesized relationships are estimated using the Heckman two-stage pooled cross-sectional model to correct for selection bias. Findings The findings show that foreign participation in enterprises has a positive effect on internationalization intensity in Africa. While we observe this positive effect, we also found that there is a lot of heterogeneity that accompanies this effect based on enterprise size, financial performance and local market competition. Research limitations/implications The study contributes to the internationalization literature by showing that foreign participation in local enterprises can have a positive effect on the internationalization propensities of these enterprises. It also shows that the main effect is heterogeneous as it is moderated by other enterprise and environmental factors. Practical implications Enterprises should recognize the positive effect that foreign participation in them can have on internationalization intensity. Managers of African enterprises need to look beyond the investments into enterprises that foreign owners offer and take advantage of their foreign market knowledge and legitimacy. Discrimination in local markets could be considered as a push factor to internationalize. Originality/value While the study is not the first to explore the relationship between foreign ownership and internationalizing behavior, it is one of the earliest to show that the relationship is heterogeneous, and it provides some key moderators.
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Tundui, Charles Stephen, and Hawa Petro Tundui. "Performance drivers of women-owned microcredit funded enterprises in Tanzania." International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship 12, no. 2 (February 27, 2020): 211–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijge-06-2019-0101.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate performance drivers of women-owned businesses that are funded primarily through microcredit. It draws on Storey’s theory of small business growth and family embeddedness axiom to examine the factors that drive the performance of businesses that are funded primarily through microcredit. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses a cross-sectional survey that covered 208 women business owners who had access to microcredit. The authors use a logistic regression analysis to model the relationship between independent variables and enterprise performance. Findings The paper demonstrates that microcredit plays a significant role in business performance. The credit amount has the most significant influence on the enterprise capital base, whereas the effect on profits is insignificant. Also, owners are more likely to report growth in profits if they possess skills in business management. In addition, younger business owners and necessity entrepreneurs are more likely to report success in their businesses. Other factors that have a significant effect on business performance are product cycle, loan use and family support. Originality/value Many women in Tanzania are entering business ownership and depend on microcredit as their primary source of capital for starting and growing their businesses. However, just a few businesses grow into small and medium-sized enterprises. For informed policy decisions, it is important that the factors influencing the performance of funded businesses are known and well understood. This understanding will help the government and development practitioners assist women in achieving business growth rates that could warrant their empowerment and poverty reduction prospects.
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Choudhary, Kailash, and Kuldip Singh Sangwan. "Benchmarking Indian ceramic enterprises based on green supply chain management pressures, practices and performance." Benchmarking: An International Journal 25, no. 9 (November 29, 2018): 3628–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bij-12-2017-0330.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify and analyze the impact of green supply chain management (GSCM) pressures, implementation level of GSCM practices and improvement in performance of the Indian ceramic enterprises. The paper also aims at benchmarking the Indian ceramic enterprises based on enterprise size and market orientation (export activity). Design/methodology/approach The research is based on the empirical study of Indian ceramic industry. Propositions are developed to study: the impact of GSCM pressures, implementation level of GSCM practices, improvement in GSCM performance, and the effect of GSCM pressures on implementation of practices, and impact of GSCM practices on GSCM performance. Data are collected from Indian ceramic enterprises of different sizes. Exploratory factor analysis is performed to segregate the pressures, practices and performance variables into constructs. Two-step algorithm, with log-likelihood measures of distance and Bayesian information criterion, is used to decide the optimal number of clusters. These clusters are compared and benchmarked according to the enterprise size and export activity. Findings This study finds that the implementation level of GSCM practices is higher in large- and medium-size enterprises as compared to small-size enterprises. Large- and medium-size enterprises have high impact of mimetic and informative pressures and small enterprises have high impact of coercive pressure (CP). Although the CP is high on small enterprises but due to the limited resources, these enterprises cannot afford to implement GSCM practices. The implementation of GSCM practices results into the improvement of environmental and operational performance but decrease in economic performance. Practical implications The findings of this study will suggest the policy maker to encourage the diffusion mechanism through a collaborative partnership with larger enterprises to enhance the implementation level of GSCM practices in small-size enterprises. Originality/value The novelty of the paper are: it analyzes and benchmarks GSCM pressures, practice and performance for Indian ceramic enterprises by considering enterprises size and export activities as control variables, and it finds the effect of GSCM pressures on the implementation level of GSCM practices and improvement in enterprise performance for Indian ceramic enterprises.
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Bogicevic, Jasmina, Ljiljana Dmitrovic-Saponja, and Marija Pantelic. "Foreign exchange transaction exposure of enterprises in Serbia." Ekonomski anali 61, no. 209 (2016): 161–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka1609161b.
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Enterprises involved in international business face transaction exposure to foreign exchange risk. This type of exposure occurs when an enterprise trades, borrows, or l?nds in foreign currency. Transaction exposure has a direct effect on an enterprise?s financial position and profitability. It is one of the three forms of exposure to exchange rate fluctuations, the other two being translation exposure and operating exposure. The aim of this paper is to assess the transaction exposure of enterprises in Serbia operating internationally. In addition to identifying and measuring transaction exposure, this paper explores the practical importance that enterprises in Serbia attach to management of this type of foreign exchange risk. We do not find significant differences between domestic and foreign enterprises in their choice of the type of foreign exchange risk exposure to manage. Although transaction exposure is the most managed type of foreign exchange risk, research has shown that, compared to foreign businesses, Serbian enterprises do not use sufficient protective measures to minimize the negative impact of this type of exposure on their cash flows and profitability. We expected that there would be a statistically significant dependence between the volume of enterprises? foreign currency transactions and the level of applied transaction exposure management practices. However, the results of our research, based on a sample of enterprises in Serbia operating internationally, show that transaction exposure management practices can be influenced by factors other than the level of an enterprise?s foreign currency transactions, such as the enterprise?s country of origin.
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Chae, Soo-Joon, and Kiwi Chung. "The Effect Of Human Resource Investment In Internal Accounting Control On Cost Stickiness." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 31, no. 5 (August 28, 2015): 1719–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v31i5.9386.
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This study examined the characteristics of internal accounting control system based on size of human resources assigned to the system to verify whether downward stickiness of total cost and selling and administrative expenses differentially appears according to the level.An entrepreneur who wishes to maximize one's utility has an incentive to externally grow the enterprise beyond the optimal size or to possess idle resources, creating cost sticking phenomenon by possessing surplus resources even when sales volume decreases. Previous studies verified the effect of control system intended to resolve the agency problem on asymmetry of cost. This study expanded the scope of previous studies to consider internal accounting control system as a monitor of the agency problem. Enterprises that effectively operate internal accounting control system are expected to show limited opportunistic incentive of the entrepreneurs because of reduced agency cost.The main purpose for enterprises to establish and operate internal accounting control system is to provide accurate and reliable financial information to investors by preventing or uncovering accounting scandals of the management and possibility of errors. Internal accounting control system of Korea was first introduced in September 2001 through 'Corporate Restructuring Promotion Act', and Financial Supervisory Service announced the regulation on public announcement in September 2002 as a series of relevant measures. The regulation requires enterprises to publicly announce the number of workers in each department in charge of internal accounting control system on the internal accounting control system report. Under the presumption that internal accounting control can be more effectively done by increasing the number of workers in charge of internal accounting control system, the intent of such public announcement is to provide external interested parties with information that can be used to determine whether internal accounting control system of an enterprise is being effectively managed. Accordingly in this study, enterprises with large size of human resources assigned to internal accounting control system were predicted to show relaxed downward stickiness of cost.As a result of verifying 2,532 enterprise-year samples listed on Korea Stock Exchange between 2003 and 2008, enterprises with larger size of human resources assigned to internal accounting control system were found to show relaxed downward stickiness of cost. This means that an enterprise with large number of workers assigned to internal accounting control system can effectively monitor the enterprise, which can efficiently control opportunistic decisions of the entrepreneur such as downward stickiness of cost. As an additional analysis, human resources were classified into departments to which persons in charge of internal accounting are affiliated to examine the effect on downward stickiness of cost. As a result of verification, high ratio of internal accounting personnel assigned to accounting department resulted in relaxed downward stickiness of cost. Accounting departments in charge of preparing for financial statements were more effectively performing monitoring work compared to other departments.
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KOSTA, BRUNILDA, and COLIN C. WILLIAMS. "EVALUATING THE EFFECTS OF THE INFORMAL SECTOR ON THE GROWTH OF FORMAL SECTOR ENTERPRISES: LESSONS FROM ITALY." Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 25, no. 03 (September 2020): 2050019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1084946720500193.
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This paper evaluates the effect of unregistered and informal sector business ventures on the growth of formal sector enterprises. The hypotheses tested is that formal sector enterprises that have to compete against unregistered or informal sector business ventures suffer from lower levels of performance, measured by annual sales growth, annual employment growth and annual productivity growth. To evaluate this thesis, data is reported from a World Bank Enterprise Survey (WBES) of 760 enterprises in Italy collected in 2019. The finding is that formal sector enterprises that report competing against unregistered or informal sector business ventures have significantly lower annual sales growth and annual productivity growth than enterprises that do not. The paper concludes by discussing the theoretical and policy implications, along with the limitations of the study and future research required.
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He, Chuantian, Yevhen Baranchenko, Zhibin Lin, Marek Szarucki, and Andrey Yukhanaev. "FROM GLOBAL MINDSET TO INTERNATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES: THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF CHINESE SMES." Journal of Business Economics and Management 21, no. 4 (May 15, 2020): 967–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jbem.2020.12673.
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Following China’s “One Belt One Road” global economic expansion strategy, Chinese small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) along with state-owned, large corporations are increasingly seeking business opportunities internationally. Little is known about the process of small firms’ international opportunity creation and discovery in this particular context. This study examines the role of Chinese SME manager’s global mindset in driving their international opportunity identification through two key activities in their internationalization process: international knowledge based and networking activities. Data were collected from a survey of 191 small and medium-sized enterprises in China. The results of structural equation modelling show that Chinese SME managers’ global mindset has a positive effect on both international networking and knowledge acquisition activities, which in turn have positive effects on the development of international opportunities. The findings suggest that SMEs, while going through the internationalization process, rely extensively on social interaction with foreign business partners to obtain knowledge of the customers and institutions in the foreign market.
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Morhulets, Oksana B., and Olena V. Nyshenko. "METHOD OF ASSESSMENT OF ENTERPRISE READY FOR OUTSOURCING IMPLEMENTATION." Management 30, no. 2 (February 11, 2020): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/2415-3206.2019.2.2.
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Introduction. Today Ukrainian enterprises operate under difficult economic conditions, which have developed against the background of the constant increase in the cost of raw materials, energy tariffs, changing geopolitical situation, difficult political situation in the country, which is why most of the enterprises struggle for survival instead of development. Against this background, competition with foreign producers is aggravated, accompanied by a narrowing of the domestic market.Given the complex economic conditions of Ukrainian enterprises, their success today depends on the effectiveness of management in these conditions. Businesses require a modern business process management tool designed to adapt to new challenges and find ways to mitigate the effects of external factors. The economic development of the enterprise is conditioned by the progress of information technologies, the emergence of innovative forms of management, new principles of division of labor, etc. Changes in the management of business entities now require new scientific and methodological approaches, from which the enterprise is regarded as a set of business processes. One of the modern ways of improving the business system is the attraction of external contractors, which is solved by the introduction of outsourcing and allows to increase the efficiency of the enterprise and its competitiveness in the market.Hypothesis. Assessing the readiness of an enterprise to implement outsourcing provides validity of the management decision on outsourcing of business processes and helps to increase the efficiency of utilization of the enterprise's potential.The purposeof this article is to develop a methodological approach to assessing the degree of readiness of the enterprise to implement business process outsourcing to improve the efficiency of the enterprise in the current economic environment and to strengthen its competitive position in the domestic and international markets.Research methods. The methodological basis of the research is a system of general scientific and special methods, the main of which are: dialectical approach, methods of classification and systematization, analysis and synthesis, statistical and logical analysis, concretization, expert assessments and economic and mathematical modeling.Results. A methodical approach to assessing the degree of readiness of an enterprise to use outsourcing in business process management is offered, which, unlike the existing ones, makes it possible to substantiate the outsourcing decision taking into account the existing potential of the enterprise with a greater degree of certainty.Conclusions. As a result of the research, the problem of scientific and methodological substantiation of the enterprise's readiness for implementation of business process outsourcing at the enterprise was solved. This methodological approach enables the management of a number of indicators and the appropriate scale to assess the degree of readiness – the sufficiency of the enterprise's capacity to implement outsourcing and to overcome the risks associated with it. The proposed approach enhances the effectiveness of the management decision to outsource, is versatile and can be used in the practice of any enterprise that plans or already uses outsourcing in business.
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Mamun, Abdullah Al, Nik Maheran Nik Muhammad, and Mohammad Bin Ismail. "Absorptive Capacity, Innovativeness and the Performance of Micro-enterprises in Malaysia." Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective 21, no. 3 (July 10, 2017): 243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972262917716729.
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This study examines the effect of the entrepreneur’s innovativeness and absorptive capacity on micro-enterprise innovativeness and the performance of micro-enterprises owned and managed by women micro-entrepreneurs in Peninsular Malaysia. This study adopted a cross-sectional design and stratified sampling methods, and collected complete data from 417 micro-entrepreneurs. Findings of this study reveal that women micro-entrepreneurs’ innovativeness and absorptive capacity have a significant positive effect on micro-enterprise innovativeness and the performance of micro-enterprises. The development programmes and policies on innovation and SMEs should therefore emphasize on promoting innovativeness and improving the absorptive capacity among the women micro-entrepreneurs to improve the performance of micro-enterprises.
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Lupton, Nathaniel C., Guoliang Frank Jiang, Luis F. Escobar, and Alfredo Jiménez. "National Income Inequality and International Business Expansion." Business & Society 59, no. 8 (December 7, 2018): 1630–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0007650318816493.
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We examine the extent to which host country income inequality influences multinational enterprises’ (MNE) expansion strategy for foreign production investment, depending on their specific strategic objectives. Applying a transaction cost framework, we predict that national income inequality has an inverted U-shaped relationship with foreign production investment. As inequality increases, MNEs accrue lower transaction costs arising from interactions with various local actors, leading to higher probability of investment. As income inequality increases further, its effect on location attractiveness will become negative, as its attraction effect is increasingly offset by additional monitoring, bargaining, and security costs owing to the more fractious nature of high inequality societies. In addition, we suggest that the impact of income inequality is contingent on investment objectives: The inverted U-shaped relationship is stronger for efficiency-seeking investment but weaker for market-seeking and competence-enhancing investments. We find substantial support for our hypotheses through an analysis of 27 years (1986-2012) of data on Japanese MNEs’ overseas production entries.
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Zhang, Xun, and Biao Xu. "R&D Internationalization and Green Innovation? Evidence from Chinese Resource Enterprises and Environmental Enterprises." Sustainability 11, no. 24 (December 16, 2019): 7225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11247225.
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Although the importance of external involvement has been recognized in product and technology innovation, whether research and development (R&D) internationalization stimulates green innovation and under what conditions it is more effective is still unclear. To address this research gap, this study uses knowledge-based theory to explore the effect of R&D internationalization on green innovation and the moderating roles of state ownership and international experience. We examine the research hypotheses using panel data of 19,273 Chinese resource enterprises (REs) and environmental enterprises (EEs) spanning three years. The results indicate that R&D internationalization has a negative effect on green innovation in REs and EEs. Additionally, we identified a negative moderating effect of state ownership and a positive moderating effect of internationalization experience on the relationship between R&D internationalization and green innovation, which suggests that the effect is contingent on the corporation’s ownership and capability in dealing with the complexities and uncertainties inherent in international business.
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Li, Weian, and Pengcheng Wang. "Philanthropy, political connection and debt finance." Nankai Business Review International 7, no. 4 (November 7, 2016): 451–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nbri-04-2016-0013.
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Purpose Philanthropy is taken as a strategic behavior by private enterprises to obtain financial resources from governments. This paper aims to examine the relationship between private enterprise philanthropy and the debt finance, further investigating the way by which governments exchange resources with private enterprises. Design/methodology/approach The paper opted for an empirical study using a sample of 1,489 Chinese private-listed companies from 2007 to 2010. The study analyzed the relationship between philanthropy and debt finance based on the resource dependence theory and social exchange theory and tested the moderating effect of political connection. Findings Philanthropy can help private enterprises to get the debt finance, and this effect occurs mainly among the political connected private enterprises; the higher degree of credit allocation marketization is, the less philanthropy can affect the debt finance and the less influence political connection can exert on that relationship. Philanthropy contributes to debt financing mainly because it can help obtain more long-term loan, and this effect is more obvious for politically connected private enterprises in regulated industries. Originality/value This paper verifies the action logic of private enterprises philanthropy from the perspective of exchange behavior, which is helpful to understand the motive and influence of private enterprises philanthropy.
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Dykan, Valeriia, Oleksandr Pakharenko, Volodymyr Saienko, Andrii Skomorovskyi, and Tetiana Neskuba. "Evaluating the efficiency of the synergistic effect in the business network." Journal of Eastern European and Central Asian Research (JEECAR) 8, no. 1 (March 20, 2021): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15549/jeecar.v8i1.646.
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The article aimed to develop a methodology for monitoring the quality level of the synergistic effect of enterprises' economic activity in business network interaction on the example of mechanical engineering in Ukraine. Using the expert assessments of 386 senior and middle managers of 27 mechanical engineering enterprises of the Kharkiv region and the main components' method, the components of qualitative parameters of the synergetic effect of economic activity result from network interaction have been determined. An additive econometric model has been developed to calculate the integrated indicator of enterprises' economic activity's synergetic effect in terms of the business network of the studied enterprises. Using Fibonacci rules, the levels of qualitative component components and the integrated indicator of the synergy of economic activity in the context of a single network partner are determined.
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Medrano, Natalia, and Cristina Olarte-Pascual. "The effects of the crisis on marketing innovation: an application for Spain." Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 31, no. 3 (April 4, 2016): 404–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-02-2013-0048.
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Purpose This study aims to identify the structural features of companies that have implemented marketing innovations at two different points, 2008 and 2010 (before and during the crisis). Design/methodology/approach The sample, obtained from the Technological Innovation Panel, consists of two subsamples of 9,415 enterprises each. The information was processed using a binomial logit model, parametric and non-parametric tests for independent samples and a test of structural stability. Findings Differences were found in the results from 2008 and 2010: enterprises in Spain were less likely to implement marketing innovations in 2010 than in 2008; the effect of an enterprise’s size on how likely it was to innovate in marketing decreased by more than half between the two periods; the likelihood of innovating in marketing increased in enterprises that also pursued organizational innovations; and in contrast to 2008, in 2010, the enterprises that were most likely to innovate in marketing were those that exported to countries outside the European Union. These findings show that innovation is part of the business ethos and that public policies that support exports can also foster innovation. Originality/value Marketing innovation has received little attention in the literature. We believe that marketing innovation can help to improve an organization’s results, even in times of economic crisis.
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Nguyen, Thi Thu Cuc, Quang Bach Tran, Dieu Anh Ho, Duc Anh Duong, and Thi Bich Thuy Nguyen. "The effect of supply chain linkages on the business performance: Evidence from Vietnam." Uncertain Supply Chain Management 9, no. 3 (2021): 529–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.uscm.2021.6.009.
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The study aims to examine the impact of supply chain linkages on the performance of businesses. Quantitative research is used by implementing the analysis of the SEM linear structure model. A survey is conducted consisting of 598 samples - experienced managers who had the knowledge of the management of supply chain activities in enterprises in Vietnam. Research results show that supply chain linkages, although not having a direct impact, has an indirect impact on the business performance of enterprises through the intermediary factors of trust and business strategy and the opportunistic behaviors of the participating members. Also, research has demonstrated that opportunistic behaviors have negative effects on trust among members of the supply chain.
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Sánchez-Rodríguez, Cristóbal, Angel Rafael Martínez-Lorente, and David Hemsworth. "E-procurement in small and medium sized enterprises; facilitators, obstacles and effect on performance." Benchmarking: An International Journal 27, no. 2 (November 27, 2019): 839–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bij-12-2018-0413.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze e-procurement in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and its relationship with top management support, IT obstacles and strategic purchasing and the effect of e-procurement on performance (procurement performance and business performance). Design/methodology/approach The hypotheses were tested using a sample of 199 managers from SMEs in manufacturing. Findings The results indicated a significant relationship between e-procurement in SMEs and top management support, IT obstacles and strategic purchasing. Similarly, the authors found a positive relationship between e-procurement and procurement process performance and business performance. Practical implications The findings stress to SME managers, the need to pay attention to top management support, IT obstacles and strategic purchasing when implementing e-procurement. Similarly, it provides evidence of the benefits of e-procurement on procurement process performance and business performance. Originality/value This study fills a gap in the literature regarding e-procurement in SMEs and its impact on performance. SMEs constitute a significant part of today’s economies and e-procurement can significantly impact the performance of these organizations.
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Garba, Tukur, and Erika Kraemer-Mbula. "Gender diversity and enterprise innovative capability." International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship 10, no. 4 (November 19, 2018): 290–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijge-03-2018-0018.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether female workers’ years of education do mediate the influence of gender diversity on innovative capability of enterprises in Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach The study uses three waves Nigeria Enterprise Surveys panel dataset collected in 2007, 2009 and 2014, for a sample of 1,566 enterprises to circumvent the problems associated with application of cross-sectional designs in mediation studies. The study applies Hicks and Tingley’s (2011) two equations mediation analysis approach with robust standard error. Findings The results of the inferential analysis indicate that female workers’ years of education mediate fully and positively the effect of gender diversity on innovative capability of enterprises in Nigeria. Research limitations/implications For gender diversity to enhance the innovative capability of an enterprise, female workers must be empowered with higher levels of formal education. Practical implications Female workers should be empowered with formal education in order to enhance the ability of firms to innovate. Gender diversity alone does not enhance the innovative capability of an enterprise without empowering female workers with formal education. Originality/value Although past studies do provide substantial evidence on the positive relationship between gender diversity and the innovative capability of enterprises, the mediating effect of education on this relationship has been ignored. This is particularly relevant in a country such as Nigeria with low levels of innovation. Furthermore, despite the presumed positive effect of gender diversity on innovative capability, existing empirical research does not yield consistent findings to clearly resolve how or why gender diversity does affect the innovative capability of enterprises. This paper tests whether it could be the result of a mediating (intervening) variable.
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Goerzen, Anthony, and Paul W. Beamish. "The Penrose effect: “Excess” expatriates in multinational enterprises." Management International Review 47, no. 2 (March 2007): 221–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11575-007-0013-5.
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Kulikov, Volodymyr A. "French Industrial Enterprises in the Russian Empire: Big Business in a Transnational Perspective." Economic History 16, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 375–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2409-630x.051.016.202004.375-387.
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Introduction. The article explores the presence of French enterprises in the late Russian Empire in order to better understand the role and weight of French firms in global big business on the eve of World War I. The author argues that the presence of large industrial enterprises operated by French businesses should be taken into consideration when discussing the organizational capabilities of modern French enterprises. This may change the perception of France as a “follower in Western Europe” in the historiography of big industrial businesses. Materials and Methods. Large French enterprises operated in the late Russian Empire are identified based on primary sources (lists of enterprises and joint-stock companies), the RUSCORP database of Russian corporations compiled by Thomas Owen, and with the help of secondary sources. Results. The paper demonstrates that several companies operated in the Russian Empire, and owned or controlled by French businesses meet the criteria of “big business” by international standards. However, because they operated beyond the borders of France, scholars did not include these firms in the lists of French big business. In addition, many companies in the Russian Empire were established on French capital and run by French managers but registered as Russian firms. It seems that French businesses were more successful in establishing and running large industrial enterprises abroad than in the territory of their own country. This might explain why French companies are relatively poorly represented in the global ranks of the largest companies before World War I. Discussion and Conclusions. It was not only French businesses that created large industrial enterprises in Russia. There were also several British, German, Belgian, and American big businesses, so these should all be taken into account when discussing the presence of big foreign businesses in Russia. To have precise evaluations, we need to develop further the global list of the largest enterprises, which would include multinationals and free-standing companies as well. The argument of researchers who placed France to the cohort of the “followers in Western Europe” was that France, in principle, was retarded with creating large industrial enterprises. The transnational approach revealed that while in France, there were few big industrial businesses, French entrepreneurs developed them successfully outside the country. The Russian case demonstrates that French business was able to establish and operate large industrial enterprises. The presence of many large French manufacturing and mining enterprises abroad is the evidence against the thesis that French industrialists were unable to benefit from the scale and scope effect.
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Rodionova, Yuliya D., and Andrey A. Yakovlev. "Which Manufacturing Enterprises Have Received Advantages in Access to Government Orders After the Crisis of 2014–2015?" Journal of Institutional Studies 13, no. 1 (March 26, 2021): 095–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.17835/2076-6297.2021.13.1.095-114.
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This paper, based on two surveys of manufacturing enterprises in 2014 and 2018, analyzed the characteristics of enterprises receiving public orders, as well as the dynamics of changes in access to public procurement after tightening external conditions for the Russian economy against the backdrop of international sanctions and the 2014–2015 crisis. The analysis showed that in 2016–2017 in the manufacturing industry, almost half (45%) of large and a third of medium-sized firms had public contracts. However, among the small firms that took part in the survey, only 22% received public contracts, despite the declared policy of supporting small businesses. In contrast to 2013, in the post-crisis period there were no significant differences in access to public procurement for enterprises with and without state participatio n. Along with this, the state began to impose more requirements on the disclosure of information on the structure of ownership by enterprises. Membership in business associations gave advantages in access to public procurement for medium and large enterprises, but this effect was absent for small firms. In general, against the background of international sanctions and the crisis of 2014–2015 for all types of enterprises in the post-crisis period, the scheme of complementarity of direct and indirect instruments of state support has been preserved, and for small enterprises, the manifestations of the "model of exchanges" between government and business have become more significant, thus small enterprises providing assistance to the regional and local authorities in the social development of the region, more often received public orders.
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Aralica, Zoran, Domagoj Račić, and Dubravko Radić. "Innovation Propensity in Croatian Enterprises: Results of a Community Innovation Survey." South East European Journal of Economics and Business 3, no. 1 (April 1, 2008): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10033-008-0008-6.
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Innovation Propensity in Croatian Enterprises: Results of a Community Innovation SurveyThis paper assesses the determinants of innovation activities in Croatian enterprises and their implications for innovation policy. A Type-2 Tobit model is used for modelling the innovation behaviour of Croatian companies, based on the results of a Community Innovation Survey conducted for the period 2001-2003. This model identified the positive effects of conditions for enterprise growth (enterprise size and demand pull variable) and the integration of enterprises into international flows of capital and goods (through foreign direct investments) as well as R&D activities. These variables can be tackled through a more effective policy framework that should increase competitiveness within industries in order to stimulate the demand for innovation. The focus should be on fostering enterprise growth, attraction of FDI with strong spillover effects, and stimulating the export capability of enterprises. Only in such a context can the positive effects of engagement in R&D be maximised.
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Wang, Dong, and Desheng Wu. "Equity incentive and risk taking: evidence from China." Nankai Business Review International 8, no. 1 (March 6, 2017): 80–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nbri-10-2016-0034.
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Purpose China has formally implemented equity incentive for more than 10 years; thus, a considerable number of equity incentive programs has entered the exercise period. This means that it is time to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the incentive effects of equity incentive throughout the whole implementation phase. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between equity incentive, enterprise’s risk taking and risk decisions in China. Design/methodology/approach Using sensitivity of executives’ wealth and stock price (Delta) to measure the alignment effect and using sensitivity of executives’ wealth and stock return volatility (Vega) to measure the risk-taking effect, this paper aims to empirically test the relation of equity incentive and enterprise’s risk taking and risk decisions. Findings The authors find that Vega is positively related to risk taking; however, this improvement was mainly reflected in the private enterprises rather than state-owned enterprises. In terms of corporate policy choice, the authors find that Vega is positively related to firm focus and leverage. But, they have not found that Vega can promote R&D investment. Originality/value Existing studies have mostly concerned about the executives’ opportunistic behavior; however, analyses of the positive effect of equity incentive are limited. The authors use a combination of risk-taking incentives and alignment incentives to test the relationship between equity incentive and risk taking.
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Sunigovets, Olga. "THE INFLUENCE OF OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS ENTITIES." Three Seas Economic Journal 1, no. 2 (December 8, 2020): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2661-5150/2020-2-6.
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The purpose of the article is to generalize the existing views on ensuring the effectiveness of international business entities in the context of globalization trends and the implementation of the tasks of domestic companies to enter international markets. Systematization of problems of international business development on the basis of the research of the impact of structural aspects in ensuring economic development, with special emphasis on studying the development of the ownership structure of international business in the formation of the foundations of sustainable economic growth. Methodology. The study is based on comparing trends in the development of international business of countries, processing the results of studying the issues of the topic by domestic and foreign economists, domestic and foreign literature, statistical data, the results of analytical studies of rating agencies, international organizations. In the process of research, the method of theoretical generalization and comparison, and general scientific research methods were used, mainly, analysis, synthesis, abstraction. The information basis of the research consisted of the works of domestic and foreign scientists on the problems of the theory of international business, international economic relations, international management, and international corporate governance of international business. The results of the research showed that the modern conditions for conducting international business were changing dynamically, which required the development of international business entities special improvement of existing approaches to management in accordance with the conditions of globalization, manifestation of innovative development and striving for openness as the best way of modern coexistence. The country’s position in the world economic system is determined by the structure of the economy. Practical implications. Thus, the structure of the economy determines the possibilities of economic development, the ownership structure is an important aspect in ensuring the efficiency of international business. In the context of globalization, corporate governance is seen as a tool for development and needs improvement for the enterprises to enter into international markets. The ownership structure is able to determine the innovative potential of enterprises in world markets. Value/originality. The identified current trends in the development of structural relationships of the economy based on the generalization of research on structural interdependencies in creating the preconditions for sustainable economic development allows to determine the basis for the actions of international business in the globalization and manifestations of innovative economy more objectively. The special value of the work lies in a more detailed study of the ownership structure in ensuring the efficiency of international business and the effects of globalization, which determines the main directions of improving Ukrainian enterprises, their organizational and legal forms of doing business to ensure compliance with international business principles and access to international markets.
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Weihong, Chen, Zhong Xi, Hailin Lan, and Li Zhiyuan. "“Accelerating” and “jumping” internationalization." Chinese Management Studies 14, no. 3 (December 16, 2019): 587–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cms-06-2019-0239.
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Purpose In recent years, the phenomena of “accelerating” and “jumping” during the international expansion of Chinese enterprises have attracted a lot of attention from scholars. However, while a CEO’s career horizon can significantly affect his or her enterprise’s strategic decision-making, few studies have explored the role of CEO career horizon in terms of “accelerating” and “jumping” internationalization. Design/methodology/approach Based on a sample of China’s A-share listed manufacturing companies from 2008 to 2017, this study explores the impact of CEO career horizon on the internationalization pace and international rhythm of enterprises. Findings First, the shorter the CEO’s career horizon, the more likely the CEO can avoid risky strategic decisions, which ultimately causes a negative relationship between CEO career horizon and the internationalization pace and rhythm of the enterprise. Second, for larger and older boards of directors, there is a more negative impact of the CEO’s short-term career horizon on the internationalization pace and internationalization rhythm of the company. However, given a larger proportion of female directors and non-executive directors, the CEO’s short-term career horizon has a weaker negative impact on international pace and the rhythm of internationalization. Originality/value First, based on upper echelon theory, this study interprets the influence of CEO career horizon on the time dimension of corporate internationalization (including internationalization pace and international rhythm), deepening the theory’s explanatory power. Second, by clarifying the important predictive effect of CEO career horizon on internationalization pace and international rhythm, this research enriches extant research on both variables’ antecedents, as well as that on the influence of CEO career horizon. Finally, by introducing the regulatory role of the board’s supervisory ability, this study clarifies the boundary conditions for the influence of the CEO’s career horizon on international pace and rhythm, and it expands the literature on how CEOs and boards of directors can influence corporate strategic decisions during the internationalization process.
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Özen, Ercan. "Coping with the Exceptional Economic Problems in Turkey: A Field Survey on SMES." Timisoara Journal of Economics and Business 12, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 109–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/tjeb-2019-0006.
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Abstract Developing countries need higher economic growth to reach the level of developed countries. When developing countries exceed the potential economic growth, problems, such as, high external debt and high current deficit emerge. Such situations increase the financial risk of the country; in addition, international political risks, fluctuations in capital inflows and some manipulative movements have subjected countries to extreme exchange rate fluctuations. Purposes of this research: (1) to uncover the impact of high exchange rate volatility on small business activities and (2) to determine whether the level of exposure of the exchange rate shock on business owners varies by age. The methodology of the study involved a survey administered to 390 small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The findings of the study show that after a period of significant exchange rate fluctuations, business activities were negatively affected, sales decreased, and job cuts increased. On the other hand, the exchange rate effect was mostly felt by all business owners of different ages. According to the study, it can be concluded that small enterprises are vulnerable to rising exchange rate volatility. The effect on SMEs with more work experience is not different. In order to alleviate the effects of adverse exchange rate movements, enterprises should be more cautious in their activities. Two suggestions can be made at this point: (i) Governments should follow optimal growth policies and (ii) Small businesses that have an important place in the economy should be made aware of the exchange rate risk and crisis management.
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Castillo, José, Jaime Jurado, and Stephen Allen. "Assessing the effect of social networks among Mexican enterprises." International Journal of Commerce and Management 18, no. 4 (November 21, 2008): 331–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10569210810921951.
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Smallbone, David, David Deakins, Martina Battisti, and John Kitching. "Small business responses to a major economic downturn: Empirical perspectives from New Zealand and the United Kingdom." International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship 30, no. 7 (July 24, 2012): 754–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266242612448077.
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This article analyses small firm responses to a major economic downturn, based on empirical investigation in the UK and New Zealand. Despite differences in the timing and depth of the downturn, there is remarkable similarity in the sectoral composition of small enterprises and methods of financing in reported recession-related effects and business performance during 2008–2009. While recognising that the study focused on surviving businesses, in neither country did the downturn have a consistently negative impact on small businesses and in both countries a significant minority of firms surveyed performed well. The study provides much needed evidence on small businesse responses to major economic crisis. Conceptually it demonstrates that although many small firms are vulnerable to changes in circumstances over which they have no control, they show underlying resilience and a high level of adaptability and flexibility. Longitudinal follow-up is necessary to show how the types of adaptive behaviour observed impact on business performance.
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Vu Hung, Cuong, Tuong Phi Vinh, and Binh Dang Thai. "The impact of firm size on the performance of Vietnamese private enterprises: A case study." Problems and Perspectives in Management 19, no. 2 (June 9, 2021): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.19(2).2021.20.
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This article investigates the effect of firm size on the performance of Vietnamese private enterprises. Based on the data from the Annual Enterprise Survey from 2009 to 2018, this study uses an ordinary least-squares regression model (OLS) to point out the effects of firm size (growth rate, total assets, and total labor) on the performance of Vietnamese private enterprises in both static and dynamic states. According to the results of the quantitative model, total assets are the biggest factor for determining firm performance, followed by total labor and growth rate. The results highlight the issue in Vietnamese private enterprises development in terms of scale, despite the fact that their number is growing, as the scale of enterprises decreases (the proportion of micro and small enterprises increases, but the proportion of medium and big enterprises decreases). Besides, the disadvantages of scale also negatively affect the development process of Vietnamese private enterprises, including accessing capital, increase in production or productivity, business expansion, and improving competitiveness. AcknowledgmentsThis research is supported by the National Science Project “Development of Private Enterprises in the Southwest Region in the new context” (KHCN-TNB/14-19/X15).
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Aggarwal, Himani, Hima Gupta, and Jhumur Sengupta. "Conditions of Unorganized Manufacturing Industries with Special Reference to MSMEs: A Field Study in Uttar Pradesh." Global Business Review 18, no. 6 (August 8, 2017): 1597–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972150917713048.
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The study sets out to compare the three types of unorganized manufacturing units in India. These three enterprises are: own account manufacturing enterprises (OAMEs), it is the one which runs without any hired worker employed on a fairly regular basis and is engaged in manufacturing and/or repairing activities (with family labour only); non-directory manufacturing establishments (NDMEs), it is an establishment employing less than six workers (household and hired workers taken together) and is engaged in manufacturing activities; and directory manufacturing establishments (DMEs), it is the one which has employed six or more workers (household and hired workers taken together) and is engaged in manufacturing activities. The parameters for comparison are number of units, number of workers, wages, input, output and gross value added (GVA). The field survey of 500 unorganized manufacturing units has been conducted based on seven major manufacturing industries. Target respondents are the owners of the unorganized manufacturing units in Ghaziabad and Noida. An attempt is also made to measure the effect of labour market in unorganized manufacturing sector on its performance. Most of the studies on unorganized sector are based on the secondary data collected from National Sample Survey Organization. But this study is based on primary data collected with a help of structured questionnaire. The findings of the study help in determining the condition of these enterprises and lay down the idea which enterprise is relatively ahead and which is back with regard to various parameters. Independent sample t-test and multiple regression have also been conducted.
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Csebfalvi, Gyorgy. "Hungarian Accounting Standardization Effects." International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting 2, no. 1 (July 5, 2012): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijafr.v2i1.1457.
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Nowadays, especially during the current global financial crisis, companies in Hungary are striving desperately to remain competitive and achieve sustainable levels of economic development. The highly competitive environment requires companies to create a clear business strategy, and accounting has to be part of this strategy since it helps individual enterprises to achieve their strategic objectives. International accounting standards are new global methods for business information systems and they are able to harmonize financial regimes both in Hungary and world-wide. The increased globalization of markets, the complexity of commercial trading and the concentration of business in global competition have led to a still greater need for international accounting harmonization. It is expected that a unified, standardized accounting information system will lead to new types of analysis and data – with the possible integration of new indicators used in the business practice of certain countries as an additional benefit.The purpose of this study was to measure the differences between national (Hungarian)l rules and the international standards, evaluating and analyzing their effects on the business environment. The financial data are taken from accounts published on the Budapest Stock Exchange and in the Hungarian Business Information database. The results show that those businesses which have adopted international standards achieved higher and statistically significant positive coefficients than those following local accounting rules. We found that larger firms (those with more leverage, higher market capitalization and substantial foreign sales) were more likely to have adopted international accounting standards.
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Dayan, Mumin, Robert Zacca, Zafar Husain, Anthony Di Benedetto, and James C. Ryan. "The effect of entrepreneurial orientation, willingness to change, and development culture on new product exploration in small enterprises." Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 31, no. 5 (June 6, 2016): 668–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-02-2015-0023.
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Purpose This study aims to assess the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and development culture and the role of willingness-to-change in this relationship and analyzes their effect on new product exploration in small enterprises. Design/methodology/approach A model based on structural equations with partial least squares (PLS) analysis is used to test the hypotheses. This model was tested on a sample of 250 respondents from 125 small enterprises, with less than 50 employees, located in all seven emirates of the UAE. Findings The results suggest that EO will induce organizational members’ willingness-to-change and will favor the advancement of a development culture in small enterprises; in addition, EO, willingness-to-change and development culture can lead to new product exploration in small enterprises. Research limitations/implications The study findings are subject to potential limitations. First, the research design for the quantitative study was cross-sectional and self-reported, which could cause problems of common method and inflation bias. Second, the conceptual model may not be completely representative of the perspective the authors aim to elucidate. Third, as this study is country-specific, further research investigation in other developing economies is recommended to further understand the possible influences of cultural or socioeconomic contexts on the relationships presented in the model. Practical implications The article includes several practical implications about the relationships between willingness-to-change and development culture. It sheds light on the controversial link between EO and new product exploration in small enterprises. Originality/value The present study expands current knowledge on the EO–new product exploration relationship by investigating some key mediating variables such as willingness-to-change and development culture in an under-researched context such as UAE.
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Muñoz-Bullón, Fernando, and Maria J. Sánchez-Bueno. "Multinational enterprises and domestic wages: The contingent effect of skill composition." International Business Review 22, no. 6 (December 2013): 918–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2013.01.009.
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Quoc Thinh, Tran. "Compliance of corporate responsibility information at Vietnamese listed enterprises." Problems and Perspectives in Management 19, no. 2 (July 2, 2021): 444–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.19(2).2021.35.
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In the trend of economic globalization, corporate responsibility is always concerned with economic growth. Responsibility accounting has important implications for enterprises in their growth. It contributes to the harmonization of interests among stakeholders. An enterprise complying with commitments, ensuring the implementation of responsibilities to communities and society, is an inevitable and objective trend. The objective of the paper is to examine the factors of profit ratio affecting compliance of corporate responsibility information. With a survey sample of 100 enterprises listed on Vietnam’s stock market, the paper uses data over the last five years in the period from 2016 to 2020. The results show that two independent variables have a positive effect on compliance of corporate responsibility accounting information, including return on equity and return on sales, in which return on sales has the strongest impact. Therefore, to strengthen the compliance with corporate responsibility information of Vietnamese listed enterprises, Vietnamese state agencies need to comply with international principles to issue appropriate regulations applicable to enterprises. Managers of Vietnamese listed enterprises need to raise awareness and demonstrate full responsibility including compliance with stakeholders.
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Chen, Gang, and John Breedlove. "The effect of innovation-driven policy on innovation efficiency: based on the listed sports firms on Chinese new Third Board." International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship 21, no. 4 (June 3, 2020): 735–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijsms-12-2019-0136.
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PurposeThis paper aims to examine the effect of innovation-driven polices on innovation efficiency of sport firms listed on the new Third Board in China.Design/methodology/approachFirm innovation efficiency, including comprehensive innovation efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale innovation efficiency were calculated by using data envelopment analysis (DEA) models. The input variables and output variable in the DEA model were selected through correlation analysis. The effects of several innovation-driven policies on the innovation efficiency of sport firms were analyzed by a series of multiple regression analyses.FindingsRegarding the innovation efficiency evaluation of sport firms, total research and development (R&D) investment and total R&D staff are two suitable input variables, and total profit, sales revenue and new effective patent are three suitable output variables. Income tax relief for high-tech enterprise has a positive effect on comprehensive innovation efficiency and pure technical efficiency, and governmental subsidies have a negative effect on comprehensive innovation efficiency and pure technical efficiency. However, pretax deduction of R&D expenses does not have a significant effect on comprehensive innovation efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale innovation efficiency, and income tax relief for high-tech enterprise and pretax deduction of R&D expenses also have no effect on scale innovation efficiency. For a large-scale sport firm, the negative effect of “governmental subsidies” and the positive effect of “income tax relief for high-tech enterprise” on its pure technical efficiency are more significant. For a sport firm with more R&D staff, governmental subsides and “income tax relief for high-tech enterprise” have more positive effect on its innovation efficiency.Practical implicationsThe study findings could potentially provide practical guidance to both managers and government-industry policymakers in the sports industry.Originality/valueFirstly, this paper focused on Chinese sport firms from a rising industry in a developing country (China). The related conclusions are conducive to the governmental management of new industries and the innovation management of new enterprises. Second, this paper analyzed the effect of three special innovation-driven policies on three types of innovation efficiency and explored enterprise innovation development in more detail. Third, this paper not only discusses the effect of innovation-driven policies on innovation efficiency, but also the heterogeneity of their effects.
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Thanos, Ioannis C., Pavlos Dimitratos, and Panagiota Sapouna. "The implications of international entrepreneurial orientation, politicization, and hostility upon SME international performance." International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship 35, no. 4 (April 25, 2016): 495–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266242616641749.
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This article investigates the relationship between international entrepreneurial orientation (IEO) and international performance taking into account the moderating effects of politicization in internationalization decisions and international hostility. Using data from 208 Greek international small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), we found that IEO is positively related to international performance. We also found that neither politicization nor international hostility separately has any moderating effects on this relationship. However, the findings support the view that the combination of high levels of politicization and international hostility critically diminishes the effects of IEO on international performance. These findings enrich the international entrepreneurship field that has been relatively devoid of investigations examining decision-specific aspects of the firm.
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Chen, Junlong, Yajie Wang, and Jiali Liu. "Capacity Choice and Government Regulation in a Vertical Industry." Engineering Economics 31, no. 5 (December 10, 2020): 513–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ee.31.5.25302.
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This paper sets up an industry competition model consisting of two upstream enterprises and two downstream enterprises. Then we rely on the model to explore how non-regulation and different regulatory policies (maximizing the total profits of the upstream enterprises, the social welfare of the upstream industry or the overall social welfare) affect the following factors: the excess capacity, enterprise profits, consumer surpluses, social welfare in the upstream and downstream enterprises and the overall social welfare. The following conclusions are drawn from our research. First, whether and how the government regulates the capacity choice greatly affect the equilibrium outcomes, as well as the welfare distribution among the upstream enterprises, downstream enterprises, and consumers. The specific effects are dependent on market demand and enterprise cost. Second, the government should formulate its regulatory policies on capacity choice based on the overall social welfare of the entire supply chain. If the government aims to maximize the profits of the upstream enterprises, the social welfare of the downstream industry will be negatively affected. Third, excess capacity does not necessarily suppress social welfare. Under certain conditions, the worst scenario of excess capacity may occur under the pursuit of the maximal overall social welfare. Excess capacity may arise from various causes, rather than market competition or government regulation alone. Excess capacity cannot be attributed solely to government failure. These conclusions have some significance for optimizing capacity regulation policies.
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Obolenska, Tatiana, Inna Shatarska, and Yegor Shevtsov. "The use of the “Rational” system of global marketing communications in management of international enterprises." Problems and Perspectives in Management 17, no. 3 (July 17, 2019): 14–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.17(3).2019.02.
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The modern system of global marketing communications is not ideal, that is why management of international enterprises needs to use creativity in their attempts to predict the results of the marketing activities. They often fail in forecasting, because specialists do not have necessary practical models and data. The article deals with the questions of developing a model of the “rational” system of global marketing communications, which will be ready for the implementation into managerial processes of the Ukrainian firms. The model in the research is based on one-factor and multi-factor equations with calculations on the example of the well-known American company Nike, which works in the segment of apparel and footwear industry and can be a bright example of building a strong marketing communication strategy. Methods of linear and polynomial trends, smoothing average and exponential smoothing were used for the development of the proposed model. The examination of the correlation between global income, costs on marketing communication activities of the international company and index of satisfaction by this enterprise on the market in the frames of the econometric model’s work showed the dependency, which can become a basis for future analysis. The invented model of the “rational” system of global marketing communications shows how managers can calculate the resultativity of specific marketing instruments, which they plan to accept as appropriate. Different indicators can be used in forecasting the effects of global marketing communications on the performance of international enterprises. The article shows that the more indicators are used in the model, the more accurate is the result.
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KARACHYNA, NATALIA, VOLODYMYR SEMTSOV, OLENA SMETANIUK, and MARINA BALZAN. "STRATEGIES AND REALITIES OF INTEGRATION OF DOMESTIC ENTERPRISES INTO THE INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT." HERALD OF KHMELNYTSKYI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 296, no. 4 (June 2021): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2021-296-4-32.
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The article defines the essence, role and significance of economic strategies in the context of integrating domestic market agents into the international business environment. The main aspects of defining the concept of "strategy" are studied, and on this basis, the effects and phenomena that are implemented in the general economic theory are described and formalized. Based on the identification of the category of "strategy" in the context of various scientific approaches, the correctness of the author's research methodology is proven. The potential and main problems faced in the process of working up economic strategies for the development of integrated enterprises are identified, as well as the main threats posed to the evolution of market agents as a result of incorrect choice of strategic management tools are outlined. The categories of "strategy - economic behaviour" have been formalized following the author's concept, which outlines key similarities and differences. The main features of economic strategies are formed and generalized. It is emphasized that the international business environment is actively used by domestic integrated enterprises as a channel for removing financial resources outside the country. Particular attention is paid to the negative consequences of tax minimization, including the cases of reinvoicing (change in the price of goods) under the conditions of using non-resident companies. Emphasis is given to the main ways of stopping dysfunctional economic processes. It is established that from the point of view of the destructiveness of economic processes, the corresponding dysfunctions of strategy formation are a direct consequence of unjustified liberalization of the legislation. It is defined that the institutional environment itself is one of the key factors of ensuring the effectiveness and efficiency of undergoing a socio-economic change in the context of implementing strategies for the development of integrated enterprises. It is pointed out that the dysfunctions of economic reform, including the destructive models of economic behaviour of enterprises, have become, in fact, a natural consequence of thoughtless institutional changes.
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OSTROVSKA, Halyna, and Volodymyr TYTOR. "VALUE-BASED MANAGEMENT IN THE PROCESS OF MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS: A SYNERGISTIC APPROACH." WORLD OF FINANCE, no. 3(52) (2017): 106–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/sf2017.03.106.
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Introduction. The dynamism of the integration processes, activation of mergers and acquisition processes, modernization of enterprises, development of new entrepreneurship forms, strengthening the international expansion of leading companies, the internationalization of capital is a characteristic features of the world economic development present stage. Creating different types of integrated structures becomes one of the effective ways enterprises adapt to the transformation processes, a prerequisite for organizational and economic preconditions for sustainable economic growth and competitiveness increasing of businesses - participants of integrated union. In present business environment of mergers and acquisitions (mergers&acquisitions, M&A) is one of the most important mechanisms for the rising value of enterprises, improving their activity effectiveness, risk diversification and optimization of investment portfolios by achieving a synergistic effect. Purpose. Development and substantiation of methodical approach due to the selection of companies based on synergetic merger (absorption), as a criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of the company value management and making recommendations for its practical application. Results. The author puts forth his conception of the improvement of the technique of the estimation of the synergy effect from mergers and acquisitions of companies. Conclusion. So, mergers and acquisitions of enterprises agreements have ample opportunities in term of the implementation of key strategic objectives and added value business. However, despite the high quantitative dynamics, in practice in most cases, the value still has not been created. This is primarily due to the inadequate estimates synergy effect and limited use of strategic opportunities to create added value in step of integration.
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Nguyen, Phuong V., Hien Thi Ngoc Huynh, Hoa Doan Xuan Trieu, and Khoa T. Tran. "Internationalization, Strategic Slack Resources, and Firm Performance: The Case Study of Vietnamese Enterprises." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 12, no. 3 (September 10, 2019): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm12030144.
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The study attempted to fill a gap in the research on international business by providing fresh evidence of the effect of the degree of internationalization on firm performance and the influence of organizational slack on this relationship. By applying a fixed-effects model to data from 569,767 Vietnamese enterprises from 2007 to 2015, a significant W-shaped linkage between internationalization and firm performance was revealed. Importantly, the results also emphasized the importance of three types of slack in the first stage of the internationalization process: absorbed slack human resources, other absorbed slack resources, and unabsorbed slack resources.
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Wei, Yu-Chen, and Chiung-Wen Tsao. "Family influences in the internationalization of the top 1,000 Taiwanese enterprises." Chinese Management Studies 13, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 128–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cms-05-2018-0525.
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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the moderating effects of employee commitment, customer loyalty and corporate reputation on the relationship between family influence and international expansion. Design/methodology/approach A cross-national research design was conducted using both survey and secondary data of 119 firms taken from the top 1,000 Taiwanese enterprises. Findings This study found moderating effects in the positive impact of family influence on international expansion. Specifically, the study found the relationship between family influence and international expansion stronger for companies with greater relational support from employees, customers and the public. Research limitations/implications Multi-level data collection and a longitudinal research design in future research could help in further understanding the relationships between the variables in this study. Practical implications This paper suggests that family business should establish enduring relationship with their employees and customers and have a plan to improve family reputation that will benefit international market expansion. Originality/value This study draws on the relational perspective to investigate how family influence results in different international expansion.
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Martin-Ortega, Olga, and Rebecca M. M. Wallace. "BUSINESS, HUMAN RIGHTS AND CHILDREN: THE DEVELOPING INTERNATIONAL AGENDA." Denning Law Journal 25, no. 1 (September 26, 2013): 107–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/dlj.v25i1.747.
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The consideration of the role of the private business sector with regards to the fulfilment of children’s rights is relatively recent. International attention on the effects of business activities have on children has been fragmented until now, focussing on specific sectors, mainly child labour and economic exploitation. Recent international developments, addressed both to states and business enterprises, propose a more comprehensive approach. This article focuses on two of them: the UNICEF-Global Compact and Save the Children Children’s Rights and Business Principles (CRB Principles), launched in May 2012, and the Committee on the Rights of the Child’s General Comment No. 16 on state obligations regarding the impact of the business sector on children’s rights, published in April 2013. Both documents represent an important step in the consolidation of an international agenda for the protection of the rights of the child that takes into account the different challenges faced by children in the current economic system.
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Al Mamun, Abdullah, Rajennd Muniady, and Noorul Azwin Binti Md Nasir. "Effect of Participation in Development Initiatives on Competitive Advantages, Performance, and Sustainability of Micro-Enterprises in Malaysia." Contemporary Economics 15, no. 2 (April 23, 2021): 122–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5709/ce.1897-9254.439.
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This study assessed the impact of micro-enterprise development initiatives (commonly provide access to financial services and micro-enterprise development training programs to low-income households) upon competitive advantages, performance, and sustainability of micro-enterprises owned and managed by selected low-income households in Peninsular Malaysia. Upon the adoption of cross-sectional design, data were randomly gathered from 300 micro-entrepreneurs residing in four states of Peninsular Malaysia selected from the eKasih database (national poverty data bank). The quantitative data had been collected by holding structured interview sessions with the participants from October until November 2017. The study outcomes revealed that the total amount of economic loan received, the total number of training hours and the number of center meetings/discussion attended exerted significantly positive effects upon competitive advantage, while marital status (control variable) was found to affect competitive advantage in a significantly positive manner. As for micro-enterprise performance, length of participation and number of center meetings/discussions attended as well as marital status as the control variable exhibited significantly positive effects. Meanwhile, the impact of participation duration, total amount of economic loan received, and number of center meetings/discussions attended upon micro-enterprise sustainability seemed to be inconclusive. Additionally, age of entrepreneurs and duration of enterprises establishment (micro-enterprise established) appeared to affect the aspect of sustainability. The findings appear to emphasize on the mixed effects of participation in development initiatives on competitive advantage, performance, and sustainability of micro-enterprises. Hence, this study recommends that the government of Malaysia formulate and adopt more specific strategies and policies in advocating development initiatives to ensure positive progression amongst micro-entrepreneurs and micro-enterprise owners.
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Прохорова, Вікторія В., and Вікторія І. Чобіток. "ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛІЗАЦІЯ УПРАВЛІНСЬКИХ ПРОЦЕСІВ ЯК ДЕТЕРМІНАНТНО-МОТИВАЦІЙНА ОСНОВА БІЗНЕС-МОДЕЛІ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ." Bulletin of the Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design. Series: Economic sciences 145, no. 2 (October 26, 2020): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/2413-0117.2020.2.5.
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The article examines the contemporary issues of enhancing management processes and building an effective business model for enterprises. In particular, it is argued that in modern economic realia, human resources potential has not become of paramount importance as evidenced by its slow positive development dynamics, the lack of effective motivational vector perspectives, focus to a certain comfort level or indicators of happiness, etc. The findings have revealed that most of modern innovative research studies basically refer to boosting the digitalization process, thus reducing the role and significance of a human. However, in a specific time period, effective development of digital technologies and facilitation of management process intellectualization are greatly affected by the availability of human resources potential. The study asserts that an effective motivation system is a fundamental basis for designing an enterprise business model able to enhance its competitiveness. Apparently, it is noted that the majority of Ukrainian industrial enterprises lack or have poorly defined adequate mechanisms for developing an effective motivation system to respond to modern challenges which provides implications for further research. This study also presents an in-depth analysis of meaningful theories of employee motivation and explores the domestic and global employee motivation practices. The authors suggest a motivational mechanism of developing and utilizing collective intelligence to ensure holistic development of enterprises based on a human-centered approach and effective management decisions on building and implementing the benefits of collective intelligence which will give an impetus to balanced managerial effects by using a range of organizational, economic and social tools as the drivers for creating effective business models in competitive markets, and which will lay the basis for the reproduction process at all levels in the context of managing holistic development of enterprises. It is argued that the current incentive systems used at domestic enterprises in Ukraine do not meet international trends and best practice. Thus, a conclusion has been made that Ukrainian industrial enterprises should design a relevant system of values, consider their personnel needs, motivate their staff, and find individual approaches to each employee. All the above will ultimately contribute to management process intellectualization as a determinant and a motivational framework for building an enterprise business model.
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Lewandowska, Małgorzata Stefania. "Blending Innovation Types in Order to Achieve International Competitiveness. Multi-country Approach." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS 18 (August 31, 2021): 1223–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23207.2021.18.114.
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The relationship between innovation and international competitiveness is the subject of many research studies. The aim of the paper is to examine the association between the introduction of product innovation individually and in pairs with process and marketing innovation and the exporting of enterprises from 13 European Union countries, mainly from Central and Eastern Europe. The study used anonymized micro data from the Community Innovation Survey (CIS) for 2012-2014. Based on the sample of 98 809 enterprises, 14 models were built using path analysis with the Bonferroni correction, one for the whole sample and 13 for each of the country studied. The analysis indicates positive link between the introduction of product innovation on sales activity on foreign markets of the enterprises of the surveyed countries (measured by exporting), but only for Germany and Spain. Surprisingly, adding process or marketing innovation to product innovation in most of the cases has an adverse effect on exporting.
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Al Mamun, Abdullah, Syed Ali Fazal, and Wan Nurulasiah binti Wan Mustapa. "Entrepreneurial Traits, Competency, Performance, and Sustainability of Micro-Enterprises in Kelantan, Malaysia." International Journal of Asian Business and Information Management 12, no. 3 (July 2021): 381–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijabim.20210701.oa23.
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This study examined the effects of locus of control, tolerance of ambiguity, vision, persistence, and resilience on entrepreneurial competency, performance, and sustainability among micro-enterprises in Kelantan, Malaysia. Adopting a cross-sectional design, the authors collected data from 403 micro-entrepreneurs. The findings revealed that locus of control and vision significantly influenced entrepreneurial competencies. In turn, entrepreneurial competencies, locus of control, and visionary traits significantly affected micro-enterprise performance. The findings also revealed a positive effect of entrepreneurial competencies and performance on micro-enterprise sustainability. The findings also confirmed a significant mediating effect of entrepreneurial competencies on the relationship between locus of control and vision and enterprise performance. The government and developmental organizations should collaborate to enhance locus of control, vision, and resilience traits in order to facilitate micro-enterprise sustainable performance.
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Poutsma, Erik, and Aad Zwaard. "Programming CNC-Equipment—The Effects of Automation in Small Industrial Enterprises." International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship 7, no. 2 (January 1989): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026624268900700203.
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ERIK POUTSMA and Aad Zwaard are research associates at the Economic Research Institute for Small-and Medium-sized businesses in Zoetermeer, the Netherlands. This paper focusses on the effects of new technologies in small-and medium-sized industrial businesses. The study is based on a survey of 780 enterprises in different industries and three case studies in the metals industry. One of the crucial indicators to judge the changes in work organisation and job content is where and by whom computer numerically controlled (CNC) machines are programmed. In general it can be stated that the smaller the scale of the enterprise and size of batches, the greater the number of tasks and responsibilities on the part of the operator. Furthermore, in small firms with variable runs of production, the machine operators carry out programming functions as well as tasks of optimalisation, adjustment and quality control. The number of different tasks also depends on the level of education and skills of the operator, which is slightly higher in small firms. One of the main findings is that new technologies leave room for organisational choices concerning the quality of work. If small firms are to be able to compete in the future much depends on the way they make use of modern technologies. The first concern when automation is introduced is to keep the multi-skill and autonomous character of jobs intact.
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Li, Nicolas, and Pavlos Dimitratos. "How do business-level strategies affect multiple market servicing modes in the foreign country?" International Marketing Review 31, no. 5 (September 2, 2014): 526–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-05-2013-0106.
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Purpose – There is considerable literature on the firm's market servicing mode (MSM) when it enters the foreign country. However, scant research has been conducted to examine how business-level strategies (BLSs) affect internationalised firms to choose a multiple rather than single post-entry MSM. The purpose of this paper is to test the effect of three BLSs on firms’ selection of multiple MSMs. Design/methodology/approach – Survey responses of 165 internationalised Greek small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) were collected capturing the types of BLSs they used during 2008-2010 and their number of MSMs in a particular foreign country in 2011. The data were analysed using logistic regression. Findings – The findings suggest that firms that implement collaborative and differentiation strategies are more likely to use multiple rather than single MSMs. Firms that implement penetration pricing strategies are more likely to use single MSMs, although this effect is marginally significant. Overall, the validity of the strategic choice model regarding the choice of multiple MSMs is confirmed. Originality/value – Despite its importance, the effect of BLSs influencing MSMs has not seemingly been investigated, especially in the context of internationalised SMEs as opposed to large multinational enterprises; and, for post-entry as opposed to initial modes. The findings underline the BLS significance on internationalised SME adoption of multiple vs single MSMs in the host country.