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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Effect of pipelines on'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 13 December 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Valentine, Francisco L. "Effect of debris-induced lift-off on magnetic flux leakage inspection results." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1415.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2000.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 107 p. : ill. (some col.) Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 50-51).

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2

Thorvaldsen, Gary Sven. "The effect of the particle size distribution on non-Newtonian turbulent slurry flow in pipes." Thesis, Cape Technikon, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/896.

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Thesis (MTech (Chemical Engineering))--Cape Technikon, Cape Town,1996<br>The handling of solid-liquid suspensions is an important concern within the chemical and processing industries and many theoretical models have been proposed to try and explain and predict turbulent flow behaviour. However, the prediction of turbulent flow from only the viscous properties of non-Newtonian suspensions has over the years been questioned by researchers. This thesis considers theoretical models well established in the literature and the Slatter model, which uses both the rheology of the suspension and th

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3

Lee, Nahm Ho. "Effect of Pressurization and Expulsion of Entrapped Air in Pipelines." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/11643.

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Analytical and experimental laboratory studies were conducted for rapid pressurizing of entrapped gas at the end of a horizontal liquid pipeline. In this paper analytical and experimental model study are presented for pressurizing entrapped gas pocket at the end of a liquid column in a horizontal pipeline. Analytical models are considered such as (1) acoustic effect of both liquid and gas side, (2) variation of liquid length, and (3) thermal damping process. Closed form of solutions were derived for a lumped liquid and lumped gas model if pipeline is a horizontal. Experiments were conducted

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4

Marshall, Alec. "Tunnelling in sand and its effect on pipelines and piles." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611442.

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5

Supporta, Giulio Fulvio. "Experimental study of jet fire impingment in pipelines." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020.

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The continuous growth of the global industrial sector has led to an increasing need for the transportation of oil, gas and chemicals through pipelines. The need for compactness of the pipelines along the corridors involves a relatively short distance between one pipe and another, thus leading to a certain degree of risk associated with their potential interaction. Furthermore, as the transported fluids may be flammable, any accidental release due to cracking or leakage in one of the pipelines could lead to an accidental scenario with severe consequences for the population, structures and the e

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6

Vancko, Robert M. "Effect of a drag reducing agent on pressure drop and flow regime transitions in multiphase horizontal low pressure pipelines." Ohio : Ohio University, 1997. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1184354301.

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7

Van, Sittert Fritz Peter. "The effect of pipe roughness on non-Newtonian turbulent flow." Thesis, Cape Technikon, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1035.

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Thesis (MTech (Civil Engineering))--Cape Technikon, Cape Town, 1999<br>Pipe roughness is known to greatly increase the turbulent flow friction factor for Newtonian fluids. The well-known Moody diagram shows that an order of magnitude increase in the friction is possible due to the effect of pipe roughness. However, since the classical work of Nikuradse (1926 -1933), very little has been done in this area. In particular, the effects that pipe roughness might have on non-Newtonian turbulent flow head loss, has been all but totally ignored. This thesis is directed at helping to alleviate th

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8

Tanbakuei, Kashani Majid. "Effect of Forming Process on the Deformational Behaviour of Steel Pipes." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35914.

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Buried pipeline networks play a vital role in the transportation of oil and natural gas from centers of production to centers of consumption. A common manufacturing technique for such pipes is the UOE process, where a flat steel plate is first formed into a U shape, then into an O shape, welded at the seam, and mechanically expanded before being shipped on site. The UOE forming process deforms the pipe material plastically and induces residual strains in the pipe. Such pipes are commonly buried on side and then are pressurized under the high head of the fluids they convey which induce hoop st

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9

Wang, Shufan. "Effect of oxygen and CO₂ corrosion of mild steel." Ohio : Ohio University, 2009. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1235976914.

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10

Fajemidupe, Olawale Taye. "Effect of particle size on sand deposition in single-phase and multi-phase pipelines." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2016. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/12325.

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Sand production in the life of oil and gas reservoirs is inevitable, as it is co- produced with oil and gas from the reservoirs. Sand deposition in petroleum pipelines poses considerable risk to the production of oil and gas. This study investigates the effect both of sand particle diameter and concentration on minimum transport conditions in single phase and multiphase horizontal pipelines through experimental methods. This study defines the minimum transport condition (MTC) for sand grains under stratified two-phase flow regimes, as the combined minimum gas and liquid velocities at which all

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11

Orasheva, Jennet. "The Effect of Corrosion Defects on the Failure of Oil and Gas Transmission Pipelines: A Finite Element Modeling Study." UNF Digital Commons, 2017. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/763.

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The transportation of oil and gas and their products through the pipelines is a safe and economically efficient way, when compared with other methods of transportation, such as tankers, railroad, trucks, etc. Although pipelines are usually well-designed, during construction and later in service, pipelines are subjected to a variety of risks. Eventually, some sections may experience corrosion which can affect the integrity of pipeline, which poses a risk in high-pressure operations. Specifically, in pipelines with long history of operation, the size and location of the corrosion defects need to

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12

Pozos, Estrada Oscar. "Investigation on the effects of entrained air in pipelines." [S.l. : s.n.], 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:93-opus-29423.

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13

BERTAGLIA, Giulia. "1D augmented fluid-structure interaction systems with viscoelasticity: from water pipelines to blood vessels." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2488143.

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Nowadays, mathematical models and numerical simulations are widely used in the whole fluid dynamics research field. They represent a powerful resource to better understand phenomena and processes and to significantly reduce the costs that would otherwise be necessary for carrying out laboratory experiments (sometimes even allowing to obtain useful data that could not be collected by measurements). Currently there are many important industries of hydraulic systems which, for the correct analysis of the behavior of the designed systems, require the preventive use of an accurate mathematical mode

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14

Van, Deventer Christoffel Gerhardus. "Guidelines for predicting the remaining life of underground pipe networks that are subjected to the combined effects of external corrosion and internal pressure." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2002. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10312005-113656/.

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15

Krishnamoorthy, Vijay. "Effect of gas density on corrosion in horizontal multiphase slug flow at high temperatures and pressures." Ohio : Ohio University, 1997. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1177096097.

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16

Poh, Soon Huat. "The effects of soil restraint on crack propagation in gas pipelines." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/12787.

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17

Bettis, Dane Edward. "Digital production pipelines: examining structures and methods in the computer effects industry." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2406.

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Computer animated films require collaboration: blending artistic concept with technical skill, meeting budget constraints and adhering to deadlines. The path which production follows from initial idea to finished product is known as the pipeline. The purpose of this thesis is to collect, study and share information regarding production pipeline practices and to derive a conceptual definition. Research focused on selected companies in the United States which have produced at least one feature-length computer generated film and continue to produce them. The key finding of this thesis is a concep

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18

Vancko, Jr Robert M. "Effect of a drag reducing agent on pressure drop and flow regime transitions in multiphase horizontal low pressure pipelines." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1184354301.

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19

Yavuz, Ercan Aykan. "Reliability Based Safety Assessment Of Buried Continuous Pipelines Subjected To Earthquake Effects." Master's thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615423/index.pdf.

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Lifelines provide the vital utilities for human being in the modern life. They convey a great variety of products in order to meet the general needs. Also, buried continuous pipelines are generally used to transmit energy sources, such as natural gas and crude oil, from production sources to target places. To be able to sustain this energy corridor efficiently and safely, interruption of the flow should be prevented as much as possible. This can be achieved providing target reliability index standing for the desired level of performance and reliability. For natural gas transmission, assessment

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20

Li, Wei. "Mechanical Effects of Flow on CO2 Corrosion Inhibition of Carbon Steel Pipelines." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1461751721.

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21

Pozos, Estrada Oscar [Verfasser]. "Investigation on the effects of entrained air in pipelines / von Oscar Pozos Estrada." Stuttgart : Inst. für Wasserbau, 2007. http://d-nb.info/996778861/34.

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22

Daas, Mutaz A. "Effects of drag reducing agents on pressure drop and flow characteristics in multiphase inclined pipelines." Ohio : Ohio University, 2000. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1171651331.

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23

Curbo, Jason Wayne. "A preliminary investigation of the effects of environmentally assisted cracking on natural gas transmission pipelines." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2357.

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Concepts for the development of a model to predict natural gas transmission pipeline lifetime in a corrosive environment are constructed. Primarily, the effects of environmentally assisted cracking (EAC) are explored. Tensile test specimens from a sample of API 5L X-52 pipeline were tested in a simulated groundwater solution and subsequently analyzed. The results suggested that the simulated environment ultimately reduced the ductility of the test specimens; however, no evidence of ??classical?? stress corrosion crack morphology was discovered. However, corrosion pits up to 0.75 mm (0.03 in) w

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24

Jiang, Lei. "Mass transfer effect in multiphase flow and their influence on corrosion." Ohio : Ohio University, 2001. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1173972142.

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25

Shinohara, Yasuhiro. "Effet d'une pré-déformation sur l'endommagement anisotrope d'un acier pour pipeline de grade API X100." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2014. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-01073824.

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Dans le cadre de cette étude, l'influence de la pré-déformation sur l'anisotropie du comportement plastique et sur la ténacité d'un acier API X100 pour pipeline a été abordée. Une étude expérimentale approfondie de la microstructure, des propriétés mécaniques et de l'endommagement du matériaux a été mise en oeuvre. Un modèle phénoménologique anisotrope combinant les écrouissagesisotrope et cinématique a été développé dans l'objectif de rendre compte du comportement ductile de cet acier à haute résistance. De plus, un modèle d'endommagement anisotrope a été établi pour représenter l'effet de pr

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26

Newton, C. J. "The effect of concrete coatings on pipeline corrosion." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235067.

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27

Chan, Emilyn Wai Lyn. "Magnetite and its galvanic effect on the corrosion of carbon steel under carbon dioxide environments." Thesis, Curtin University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/697.

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Carbon dioxide corrosion, which can cause premature failure of oil and gas pipelines, is an imperative health, safety and environmental issue in the oil and gas industry. Extensive studies have been conducted to understand the formation and role of iron carbonate scale, which is the most probable scale formation under CO2 corrosion. This scale can be protective toward the carbon steel pipelines. However, many post failure studies and ex-situ corrosion product scale analyses have shown the presence of thick corrosion product scale that consists mainly of black magnetite scale.The formation of m

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28

Arnau, Almirall Sergi. "Ice gouging in sand and the associated rate effects." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2017. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=235315.

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Seabed gouging by ice, also known as ice scouring, is a common feature of the Arctic and sub Arctic regions of the planet as well as in Antarctica. It is a phenomenon which occurs when ice moves while in contact with the seabed. Ice gouging is of economical significance due to the probability of disruption of seabed structures such as subsea pipelines. Small scale laboratory tests were conducted at 1g to investigate the scour force produced when a scaled iceberg model scours a test bed in dry and saturated conditions. The tests were conducted for a range of scour depths, scour widths, frontal

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29

Westerhorstmann, Joseph Henry. "The effect of pipe spacing on marine pipeline scour." Thesis, College Station : Texas A&M University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/23023.

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CIVINS<br>Scour is a major threat to deep water pipelines. A study was performed to determine the relationship between pipe geometry and scour depth, and examine scour hole dimensions under multiple pipes. Model tests were conducted in a two-dimensional wave-current flume facility in which pipes were exposed to unidirectional flow and unidirectional flow with oscillatory motion. The model testing investigated pipes in contact with a sand bed and the effect of pipe spacing on scour. Scour hole profiles were measured and plotted to show the scour hole shape under multiple pipe systems. For two p

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30

Li, Chong. "Effect of Corrosion Inhibitor on Water Wetting and Carbon Dioxide Corrosion in Oil-Water Two-Phase Flow." View abstract, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3371584.

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31

Halfaya, Fatma Zohra. "Evaluation des courbes de vulnerabilité sismique d'un réseau de conduites enterrées." Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DENS0065.

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Les travaux effectués dans le cadre de cette thèse portent sur l’analyse de la vulnérabilité sismique des canalisations enterrés d’un réseau d’alimentation en eau potable (AEP). Ceci afin de disposer d’outils fiables permettant le diagnostique et le ciblage des interventions à même de réduire le risque de perte dans ce réseau en cas de tremblement de terre. Un exemple d’application des concepts développés dans cette étude porte sur la ville de Blida qui possède une infrastructure économique importante et dont le réseau constitue un échantillon représentatif des réseaux d’AEP des villes Algérie

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32

Chitty, Chelsea. "Effect of plastic strain on the corrosion of X65 pipeline steel." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/117994.

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Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, June 2018.<br>According to the thesis title-page, the thesis was submitted to the Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering. According to the MIT Registrar's Office, she got a degree from the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages [18]-[19]).<br>Corrosion is an important mode of degradation and failure for iron alloys used in oil and gas pipelines. Pitting corrosion is a particular type of cor

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33

Barton, Stephen. "The effect of pipeline flow conditioning on dense phase pneumatic conveying performance." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267080.

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34

Kim, Danny Jinsoo. "Effects of polymerization conditions and imidization methods on performance of crosslinkable polymer membrane for CO₂/CH₄ separation." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/48938.

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Natural gas feeds often contain contaminants such as CO₂, H₂S, H₂O, and small hydrocarbons. Carbon dioxide is a major contaminant reducing the heating value of the gas and causing pipeline corrosion, so CO₂ level should be lowered to below 2% to meet the United States pipeline specifications. Membrane separation technology can be advantageous over cryogenic distillation and amine adsorption in terms of cost and efficiency. The key hurdle to overcome in polymeric membrane separation technology is improvement in selectivity, productivity, and durability without introducing significant additional

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35

Pereira, Thiago Soares. "Bauschinger effect in macro and micro sized high strength low alloy pipeline steels." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7265/.

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The Bauschinger effects in X70, X80 and X100 high strength low alloy pipeline steels were presented. The microstructure of the as-received alloys was characterized. A variety of microstructures was present across the different alloys, ranging from a refined granular ferrite with small amounts of perlite to a bainitic structure containing martensite/austenite islands, retained austenite and small cementite constituents along with a small amount carbides. Similarly, the dislocation structures varied from homogeneously distributed across the ferrite grains to clusters/walls of dislocations. Mecha

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36

Gan, Aik Ben. "The effect of frictional and thermal forces upon sea bed pipeline buckling behaviour." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 1985. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/19217/.

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The objective of the research programme has been to develop design parameters applicable to in-service submarine pipeline buckling behaviour. The programme has involved experimental and theoretical studies and computer graphics are widely employed throughout. Initially, as detailed in Chapter 1, the necessary buckling mechanisms in. pipelines subjected to axial compression have been identified and analysed in the form of relatively basic fully mobilised studies. In addition, errors and limitations contained within these studies have been determined and delineated. Consequently, geotechnical ex

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37

Wang, Shufan. "Effect of Oxygen on CO2 Corrosion of Mild Steel." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1235976914.

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38

Mustapha, Alhaji. "The effect of microstructure on the susceptibility of pipeline steels to environment-assisted cracking." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1222.

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Little has been reported regarding the susceptibility of grade X100 pipeline steel to environment-assisted cracking (EAC). The relative susceptibility of as-received bulk, welded and simulated heat-affected zone (HAZ) microstructures were compared using slow strain rate techniques and smooth tensile specimens. The susceptibility was also compared with that of X80 steel. Specimens were tested in a 1M sodium hydrogen carbonate / 0.5M sodium carbonate solution with a pH of ~ 9.5 at a temperature of 75oC within an applied potential range of – 500 to – 1100 mV (sce). For comparison a 4M NaNO3 envir

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39

Finley, Christopher G. "Pipeline project cumulative effects assessments." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0015/MQ42311.pdf.

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40

Demetriades, Thomas A. "Modelling CO₂ transport and the effect of impurities : a new equation of state for CCS pipeline transport." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2014. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14456/.

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In this EngD project I developed a new, analytic equation of state for use in the area of CCS pipeline transport. It was my aim to design a model which would exhibit a high degree of accuracy within the anticipated window of operation of CCS pipelines; from 260 to 335K and 1 to 200bar, whilst simultaneously retaining a simplicity and ease-of-use, a lack of which made some other available equations particularly unwieldy. Having conducted a comprehensive literature review and attended many academic and industrial conferences throughout this project, I felt that there was a need for an equation o

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41

Lauder, Keith. "The performance of pipeline ploughs." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2010. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/8dba1e26-1450-4afb-9aeb-a0b1fbb77cc3.

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Pipeline ploughs are commonly used to bury offshore pipelines for their protection from loading by currents, damage from fishing trawler vessels and to provide thermal insulation to the line allowing the product to flow more efficiently. The rate of progress of pipeline ploughs in sand is complicated by a rate effect which causes the required tow force to increase drastically with velocity. In this research plough performance in sand is investigated by means of physical scale model tests. Scale model tests are the most practical method by which to conduct a parametric study on plough behaviour

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42

Sheikh, Arooj. "Beyond enemy pipelines." Connect to resource, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/32207.

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43

Rhodes, Randall Gene. "The Effect of the Missouri Safe School Act of 1997 on Alternative Education Students: A Qualitative Analysis." OpenSIUC, 2013. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/761.

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Because of a perceived increase in school related violence, a political reaction occurred in Missouri that led in 1997 to the Missouri Safe Schools Act. This new law significantly changed school disciplinary policy and allowed administrators to move large groups of students to alternative education programs, or expel them to the streets. The purpose of this qualitative study was to learn from students who attended at least one year in an alternative education program about their experiences. I interviewed 26 former students and another 14 former students entered into the conversation by postin

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Nuruddin, Ibrahim K. "Effect of welding thermal cycles on the heat affected zone microstructure and toughness of multi-pass welded pipeline steels." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2012. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/7755.

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This research is aimed at understanding the effect of thermal cycles on the metallurgical and microstructural characteristics of the heat affected zone of a multi-pass pipeline weld. Continuous Cooling Transformation (CCT) diagrams of the pipeline steel grades studied (X65, X70 and X100) were generated using a thermo mechanical simulator (Gleeble 3500) and 10 mm diameter by 100 mm length samples. The volume change during phase transformation was studied by a dilatometer, this is to understand the thermodynamics and kinetics of phase formation when subjected to such varying cooling rates. Sampl

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45

Maddrey, Elizabeth. "The Effect of Problem-Solving Instruction on the Programming Self-Efficacy and Achievement of Introductory Computer Science Students." NSUWorks, 2011. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/224.

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Research in academia and industry continues to identify a decline in enrollment in computer science. One major component of this decline in enrollment is a shortage of female students. The primary reasons for the gender gap presented in the research include lack of computer experience prior to their first year in college, misconceptions about the field, negative cultural stereotypes, lack of female mentors and role models, subtle discriminations in the classroom, and lack of self-confidence (Pollock, McCoy, Carberry, Hundigopal, & You, 2004). Male students are also leaving the field due to mis

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Li, Xiaolei. "Quadgate forward-signalling pipelines." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442597.

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47

Enobun, Ernest. "'Quota measures' and 'trade-related investment measures' in oil and gas regulation : reconciling normative conflicts between energy-focused regimes and WTO rules on energy." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2016. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/17ddd863-cc94-4e01-ac8e-a32880d8047a.

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Regulation of border and behind-the-border measures in the oil and gas sectors presents the ‘resource access’ challenge with immense economic ramifications for export markets, yet their status under the multilateral trading regime remains obscure. Recent developments that could reshape the trading regime and market dynamics for oil and gas have seen the call for a global energy governance gain momentum in recent years. But the complex relationships between national laws, institutional norms, and the multilateral trading regime regulating energy presents an ideological ‘conflict in applicable l

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48

Mohamed, Fathia A. B. "An Experimental Study on the Effects of Heat and Chemical Inhibitors on the Flow Behaviour of Waxy Crude Oils. The Effects of Heat and Chemical Inhibitors on the Rheological Properties of Waxy Crude Oils with regard to Pumping in Pipelines." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/18393.

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Waxy crude oils (1/3 of oil produced worldwide), pumping through pipelines considered risky operation due to the crude wax content (15-40 wt.%) and to the temperature at which wax supersaturates and precipitates, leading to the danger of pipe blockage, eventually resulting, in multimillion dollars loss in production and maintenance. This research undertaken to develop operational strategy of waxy crude pipelines, considering the crude and crude gel properties and flow conditions. The research problem was approached by characterizing the crude gel with and without additives usin

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49

Hane, Christopher A. "Scheduling multi-product flows in pipelines." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24580.

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50

Yildiz, Burhan. "Optimum Design Of Slurry Pipelines." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12611321/index.pdf.

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There exist various applications of transportation of slurries through pipelines all over the world. In the present study, the problem is formulated as a &quot<br>transportation problem&quot<br>to determine the pipe diameters and amounts of slurry to be transported from the demand (production) points to the processing (factory) points. The minimization of the cost consisting of the pipe and energy cost terms is considered as the objective function to determine the stated decision variables. Pipe cost is given as the function of pipe diameters and the energy cost is defined as function of pipe

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