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1
Dunster, H. J. "Radioactive pollution." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 92, no. 1-2 (1987): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026972700000957x.
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SynopsisThe meaning to be assigned to “pollution” is discussed and an account given of the “natural” sources of radiation. The effects of radiation on human populations are described. The artificial sources of radiation in the environment associated with energy productions are reviewed. Particular attention is given to the effects of the discharge of radioactive waste on radiation exposures in the neighbourhood of nuclear establishments. This is followed by a consideration of nuclear accidents and the public reaction to them. Radioactive pollution and the necessary organisation for its control are discussed with particular attention being paid to the present position in the United Kingdom.
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Mehrabova, Matanat. "Detectors in Barrier Structures of Metal-Lamellar Semiconductors." Key Engineering Materials 446 (July 2010): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.446.1.
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Recently peaceful use of the nuclear energy and radioactive nuclides has increased the radiation pollution factor in the world and radiation safety problems have become actual ones. The development of the nuclear power engineering, protection and processing of radioactive wastes of nuclear reactors, the use of radioactive isotopes in national economy, nuclear explosion, industrial wastes and etc. may cause the radioactive pollution of the environment. In the case of such pollution the environment as well as living organisms are exposed to radioactive radiation (a-, b-, γ- etc.). Radioactive substances emit radioactive rays and as their decay time varies for natural and artificial radioactive substances the time of their environmental effect ranges from some years to million years.
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Kavach, Rakesh, Kiran Baderia, and Alok Goyal. ""INCREASING SCOPE OF RADIOACTIVE POLLUTION"." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 3, no. 9SE (September 30, 2015): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i9se.2015.3246.
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Environmental pollution is an occasional problem in which the difficulties of life for the bio-world including humans are increasing. Due to the qualitative degradation of the environmental elements, the natural properties of life-like elements such as air, water, soil, vegetation, etc. are getting diminished due to which the relationship between nature and organisms is deteriorating. It is well known that environmental pollution is a product of modernity. Although the phenomenon of pollution has been occurring even in ancient times, but nature was able to prevent it, due to which its outbreak was not as fierce as it is today. As the amount of pollution has exceeded the limits of nature today, its effect has started reaching near the crisis point. Environmental elements like water and air are losing their natural quality due to environmental pollution, the vegetation is getting destroyed, the nature of the weather is changing and human is getting trapped in the clutches of various diseases. It is detrimental to the bio-world, as it is oriented in the path of environmental degradation to ecological degradation. Scientists believe that if the same momentum of pollution continues for the next 50 years, a catastrophe can come. The Western Industrial Revolution has made man insensitive to such an extent that he is cutting the branch on which he is sitting. Some scientists of the developed countries have been forced to say that the progressive nations of the west are exporting pollution to poor developing countries.According to the National Environmental Research Institute, pollutants causing harmful changes in the natural environment are released from matter and energy releases in the form of wastes resulting from human activities. Pollutants that pollute the environment are placed in two groups on the basis of origin. Can be (a) natural pollutant and (b) man-made pollutant.
पर्यावरण प्रदूषण एक ऐसी सामयिक समस्या है जिसमें मानव सहित जैव जगत् के लिए जीवन की कठिनाईयाँ बढ़ती जा रही हैं। पर्यावरण के तत्त्वों में गुणात्मक ह्रास के कारण जीवनदायी तत्त्व यथा वायु, जल, मृदा, वनस्पति आदि के नैसर्गिक गुण ह्रसमान होते जा रहे हैं जिससे प्रकृति और जीवों का आपसी सम्बन्ध बिगड़ता जा रहा है। यह सर्वज्ञात है कि पर्यावरण प्रदूषण आधुनिकता की देन है। वैसे प्रदूषण की घटना प्राचीनकाल में भी होती रही है लेकिन प्रकृति इसका निवारण करने में सक्षम थी, जिससे इसका प्रकोप उतना भयंकर नहीं था, जितना आज है। चूँकि आज प्रदूषण की मात्रा प्रकृति की सहनसीमा को लाँघ गई है फलतः इसका प्रभाव संकट बिन्दु के समीप पहुँचने लगा है। पर्यावरण प्रदूषण से जल और वायु जैसे जीवनदायी तत्त्व अपनी नैसर्गिक गुणवत्ता खोते जा रहे हैं, वनस्पतियाँ विनष्ट होती जा रही हैं, मौसम का स्वभाव बदल रहा है और मानव विविध बीमारियों के चंगुल में फँसता जा रहा है। यह जैव जगत् के लिए अपषकुन है, क्योंकि पर्यावरण ह्रास से पारिस्थितिकी विनाष के राह में उन्मुख है। वैज्ञानिकों का मानना है कि अगले 50 वर्षों तक यदि प्रदूषण की यही गति बनी रही तो महाप्रलय आ सकता है। पष्चिमी औद्योगिक क्रान्ति ने मनुष्य को इस हद तक संवेदनहीन बना दिया है कि वह जिस डाल पर बैठा है उसी को काट रहा है। विकसित देषों के कुछ वैज्ञानिक यह कहने के लिए बाध्य हुए हैं कि पष्चिम के प्रगतिषील राष्ट्र, प्रदूषण का निर्यात गरीब विकासषील देषों में कर रहे हैं।राष्ट्रीय पर्यावरण शोध संस्थान के अनुसार मनुष्य के क्रिया-कलापों से उत्पन्न अपषिष्टों के रूप में पदार्थ एवं उर्जा विमोचन से प्राकृतिक पर्यावरण में होने वाले हानिकारक परिवर्तनों को प्रदूषण कहा जाता है।पर्यावरण को प्रदूषित करने वाले प्रदूषकों को उत्पत्ति के आधार पर दो समूहों मेें रखा जा सकता है- (क) प्राकृतिक प्रदूषक तथा (ख) मानव निर्मित प्रदूषक।
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Filonik, I. A., and M. P. Dyachenko. "Biochemical test-systems in estimation of radioactive pollution effect on plants." Toxicology Letters 95 (July 1998): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4274(98)80241-5.
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RZABAY, Aktoty, Bolat SERIYEV, Erbol BEISOV, Gulnurа KOPBASSAROVA, and Damira KURMANBAYEVA. "Environmental and Legal Regulation of Radioactive Pollution Management." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 13, no. 3 (June 3, 2022): 633. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v13.3(59).03.
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The article conducts research in the field of radioactive contamination as a problem of natural and man-made emergencies, as a result of which the victims, the preservation of a steady trend of growth in the scale of man-made disasters and the severity of their consequences, are considered as a serious threat to the security of society and the environment, as well as the stability of the development of the ecology of the country. At the same time, the problems of large industrial zones are associated with the concentration of not only potential sources of major radioactive contamination and disasters, but also other environmental industries that are sources of sustainable man-made effects of radiation and chemical factors on the population and the environment. The article discusses the authors' solution to the problems of preventing cases of radioactive contamination, minimising risks and minimising their consequences. The issues of environmental pollution and its impact on public health are considered, and solutions are proposed taking into account the regional characteristics of territories based on a unified methodological approach to assessing the consequences of man-made impacts. Management decisions to prevent cases of radioactive contamination and mitigate their consequences were made in the areas of comprehensive study of sources of pollution and threats of a natural nature, international legal acts on the state of the environment and the circulation of radioactive danger to the life and health of the population, methods for assessing the impact of radioactive and other pollution on the environment and the safety of the population in large industrial regions.
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Pan, Xunhai, Xiaoyan Lin, Hao Zhang, Lili Liang, Chunxia Pang, Kai Gu, Yang Hu, and Hailing Xi. "Rheological and radioactive decontamination properties of ethyl cellulose sols in green solvents at a temperature below 0 °C." RSC Advances 14, no. 6 (2024): 3659–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d3ra06641j.
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Trysnyuk, Vasyl M., Viktor O. Shumeyko, Taras V. Trysnyuk, and Vasyl M. Marushchak. "Monitoring of radioactive pollution of the site and elimination of the consequences of natural and technogenic disasters." Environmental safety and natural resources 42, no. 2 (June 28, 2022): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2411-4049.2022.2.35-46.
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The article proposes an urgent task to increase the level of environmental safety of radioactively contaminated areas. The main tasks are to develop new methods of environmental monitoring; study of migration processes of radioactive elements in the soil cover in order to develop predictive models for timely identification of areas at risk of contamination; establishing the relationships between the state of soil contamination by radionuclides and their genesis and identifying patterns of pollutant distribution in the study environment. The urgency of the topic is due to the requirements of advanced automated systems for monitoring the radiation situation and ACS to reduce the processing time of data on radioactive contamination of the area and increase the reliability of the results of radiation detection. The aim of the work is to separate the tasks that are allocated in the development of a unified system of methods and algorithms for processing information about radioactive contamination in automated radiation monitoring systems, dangerous in terms of radiation. The paper formulates the problem of eliminating the consequences of natural and man-made disasters in Ukraine. The analysis of problems of management of technogenic safety where the emergency situation is fixed is carried out. A formal description of the studied system and its environment is obtained, based on the principles of the systems approach. The classification of sources of emergencies based on the causes, different types of objects of damage depending on the nature of behavior in extreme conditions, different types of protection resources that implement the necessary protective measures. The direct and inverse problems of finding the optimal plan are considered. The selection of objects for a direct task is carried out in order according to their priority. When solving the inverse problem, the selection of objects is carried out until the specified level of system effect, which accumulates in the selection process. Information on sources of radioactive contamination and meteorological information are used in forecasting.
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Osmanlioglu, Ahmet Erdal. "Utilization of coal fly ash in solidification of liquid radioactive waste from research reactor." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 32, no. 5 (March 17, 2014): 366–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x14523664.
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In this study, the potential utilization of fly ash was investigated as an additive in solidification process of radioactive waste sludge from research reactor. Coal formations include various percentages of natural radioactive elements; therefore, coal fly ash includes various levels of radioactivity. For this reason, fly ashes have to be evaluated for potential environmental implications in case of further usage in any construction material. But for use in solidification of radioactive sludge, the radiological effects of fly ash are in the range of radioactive waste management limits. The results show that fly ash has a strong fixing capacity for radioactive isotopes. Specimens with addition of 5–15% fly ash to concrete was observed to be sufficient to achieve the target compressive strength of 20 MPa required for near-surface disposal. An optimum mixture comprising 15% fly ash, 35% cement, and 50% radioactive waste sludge could provide the solidification required for long-term storage and disposal. The codisposal of radioactive fly ash with radioactive sludge by solidification decreases the usage of cement in solidification process. By this method, radioactive fly ash can become a valuable additive instead of industrial waste. This study supports the utilization of fly ash in industry and the solidification of radioactive waste in the nuclear industry.
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Nikitina, O. "Environmental evaluation of nuclide pollution rate of podzolized chernozem after long land use." Agrobìologìâ, no. 1(163) (May 25, 2021): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9270-2021-163-1-217-222.
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At present, the development of agriculture is impossible without the use of fertilizers which provide increased soil fertility and yields as well as improve the quality of agricultural products. However, it can lead to signifcant changes in the composition, properties and formation of arable soil regimes. First of all, the negative influence of fertilizer materials on the environment is related to their chemical composition and presence of ballast substances. The maximum permissible concentrations of chemical elements in the soil must be taken into account under applying fertilizer materials for each crop. The research was conducted under the conditions of a long stationary feld experiment using different levels of mineral fertilizers of N 45P45K45, N90P90K90 and N135P135K135. . The research results reveal that different doses of mineral fertilizers have an effect on the change of the specifc activity of radioactive isotopes in the soil (226Ra, 232Th, 40K, 137Cs, 90Sr) in their long-running application (50 years). The specifc activity of radionuclides in podzolized chernozem and in winter wheat grain was established. Winter wheat plants accumulated 232Th most of all but the use of fertilizers reduced it due to biological dilution in larger mass of the crop. The absorption of radioactive nuclides by winter wheat grain after cultivation after peas and silage corn depended on fertilization varied similar to that of the clover predecessor. According to the specifc activity of radioactive nuclides in the soil and winter wheat grain, the coefcient of their biological absorption is calculated. Absorption of radionuclides by soil prevents them from moving through the profle and further penetration into groundwater. Thus, their specifc activity was two times lower at the depth of 40–60 cm than in the soil layer of 0–20 cm. This indicates that radioisotopes are fxed in the upper layers of the soil which in turn increases their entry into crop production. Key words: radioactive isotopes, radium, thorium, potassium, cesium, strontium, specifc activity of radioactive nuclides.
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Sidorov, V. V., E. N. Mingazova, A. Yu Bushmanov, M. M. Yusupova, and R. N. Mingazov. "THE ISSUE OF THE IMPACT OF RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES ON PUBLIC HEALTH AND COUNTERMEASURES FOR RADIATION EXPOSURE AS A GLOBAL PROBLEM." Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine 30, no. 5 (December 15, 2022): 771–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.32687/0869-866x-2022-30-5-771-775.
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The widespread use in today's world of radioactive sources d in energy, medicine, engineering and construction, for contaminant tracking and food sterilization increases the likelihood of accidental exposure. The use of ionizing radiation and radioactive elements can directly or indirectly cause life-threatening complications, such as oncopathology, radiation burns, and impaired immunity. Pollution of the environment with radioactive elements and depletion of the ozone layer also contribute to an increase in the level of radiation exposure. To protect the health of the population living in contaminated areas and consuming locally produced products, it is necessary to organize a system for monitoring radioactive damage, as well as special anti-radiation protective measures in the field of agriculture and forestry, hunting and fishing, and providing the population with food.The purpose of the study is to analyze modern scientific data on the effect of ionizing radiation on reproductive function and modern approaches aimed at correcting its violations.Bibliographic, information-analytical methods and methods of comparative analysis were used.
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KALDA, G. S., V. V. SHEVELYA, К. А. RYBALKA, and J. ŻYWIEC. "ANALYSIS OF RADIOACTIVE CONTAMINATION FOR THE REGIONS OF UKRAINE AND POLAND." Ukrainian Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture, no. 6 (January 14, 2023): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.271222.59.911.
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Problem statement. The problems of environment radioactive contamination are considered. The analysis of contamination is shown on studies of soil, water and air for the territories of Ukraine and Poland. Knowledge of radiation, its effects on living organisms and the environment, and methods of protection against radiation can help reduce the environmental hazards of radiation. During studying of disciplines related to radioactive contamination and radiation protection, it is necessary to emphasize to future specialists about possible threats from radiation, methods and means to reduce this type of contamination, and methods of protection for workers and the general population from radioactive irradiation. The purpose of the article is to analyse radioactive contamination of soil, air, surface waters of Ukraine and Poland, study the causes of contamination for different regions of these countries, monitor radioactive contamination of regions, protect the population from the negative effects of radiation. It is also necessary to train specialists who must professionally solve the problem of contamination, assess the risk of radionuclides entering natural sites and determine the best ways to reduce the negative impact of radiation on natural sites and the population. Conclusions. The study of problems related to the environmental contamination with radioactive elements is relevant both for our country and for all countries of the world. If we analyze this type of pollution in Ukraine, we need to carefully study the situation with radiation, and at least in neighboring countries, because there are no borders for this type of pollution.
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Saito, M. U., T. Doko, and F. Koike. "Forecasting Radiation Effects on Wildlife in Japan After the Fukushima Nuclear Accident, Based on Limited Information of Post-Accident Early Stage in 2011." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-2 (November 11, 2014): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-2-13-2014.
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Due to the 11 March 2011 Tohoku earthquake, massive radioactive materials were released from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (Fukushima NPP). It is crucial to predict the regional distribution and magnitude of the effects on wildlife by radioactive materials. However, during the post-accident early stage in 2011, limited information on large-scale pollution and prediction maps was open to public. Hence, this paper aimed to provide (1) the pollution map covering areas within 300 km from the Fukushima NPP where the radiation intensity exceeded 0.5 μSv/h, (2) pollution maps which predicted air dose for the next 30 years after the accident, and (3) maps of areas where wildlife might be affected by radioactive isotopes by the Fukushima nuclear accident. First, the relative contributions of <sup>131</sup>I, <sup>134</sup>Cs, and <sup>137</sup>Cs were estimated from time series observation data. Second, a 30-year prediction of the pollution was calculated based on the isotope half-lives. Third, the chronic radiation effects on vertebrates were estimated using the threshold dose rate proposed by Sazykina et al. (2009). We examined the chronic radiation effects on morbidity, reproduction, and longevity. The results indicated that radioactive materials could have affected vertebrate morbidity within a 350 km<sup>2</sup> area in early April 2011; the threshold level was the median result of Sazykina et al. (2009) with bootstrapping. Based on the prediction, a 15.5 km<sup>2</sup> region will remain affected after 30 years. These areas should be monitored to confirm the effects of radioactivity on wildlife.
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Wu, Dun, Yuanyuan Wang, Meichen Wang, Chao Wei, Guangqing Hu, Xiaoli He, and Wei Fu. "Basic Characteristics of Coal Gangue in a Small-Scale Mining Site and Risk Assessment of Radioactive Elements for the Surrounding Soils." Minerals 11, no. 6 (June 18, 2021): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11060647.
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The accumulation/improper treatment of coal gangue will not only lead to waste of land, but also cause environmental pollution. Especially the impact of radioactive elements on the surrounding ecological environment is widely concerned by many scholars. In this study, the concentration of radioactive elements (uranium (U) and thorium (Th)) of small-scale coal gangue mining site and surrounding soil in the northern region of Xieqiao coal mine were tested, the material composition of coal gangue was analyzed via XRF and XRD, the modes of occurrence of U and Th elements were investigated, and their potential ecological risks and ecological effectiveness were evaluated. The results show that the clay minerals with high content in coal gangue are the key minerals for the adsorption of uranium and thorium in coal gangue. The specific activity of two radioactive elements (U and Th) in soil is much lower than that of coal gangue. With the increase of the distance from the soil collection point to the gangue piles and the depth of the soil profile, the specific activities of the two radioactive elements decrease gradually. On the basis of the concentration curve, the range of the radioactive contamination halo of gangue piles is limited (≤30 m), speculating qualitatively that the gangue dump has no significant influence on the radioactivity of the surrounding water. The modes of occurrence of U and Th in coal gangue and soil are altered. According to the index of geo-accumulation, Th is easier to accumulate in soil environment, but Th and U pollution in soil is not obvious. In contrast to U element, the active state of Th element in soil is generally affected by exogenous (coal gangue) export, which may have a potential environmental effects. This study provides a research idea for the investigation of radioactive element pollution to the surrounding soil in small-scale coal gangue plies.
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Kartalovic, Nenad, Uros Kovacevic, Dusan Nikezic, and Alija Jusic. "Influence of electromagnetic pollution of the electron beam generator and high-energy radioactive source on the memory components." Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 38, no. 1 (2023): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp2301010k.
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The study considers the impact of the environmental contamination by the electromagnetic radiation of electron beam generator and high-energy radioactive source on the memory components. Electron beam generator can be used for injecting particle energy into the plasma of the fusion system based on a Marx generator, while radioactive source as a simulator of high-energy ionizing radiation that can be caused by the neutron-induced activation of plasma surrounding structures or released from deuterium-tritium fusion reaction. The effects of gamma radiation of high-energy radioactive source and electric field of the electron beam generator on EPROM and EEPROM semiconductor computer memory, were investigated. An older memory types were deliberately chosen for the reason that their more robust construction will better protect them from the effects of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation. The results obtained under well-controlled conditions show a high degree of non-resistance of the semiconductor technology to the expected electromagnetic pollution of the electron beam generator and high-energy radioactive source. This conclusion raises doubts on the possibility of simultaneous application of electron beam generator, consequently fusion system and nanotechnologies with the increasing need for miniaturization of electronic components.
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Borcia, Constantin, Carmen Rădulescu, Radu Ciucă, and Viorel Blendea. "Radioactivity of the lower sector of Danube River and the Black Sea coastal zone in relation to some hydrological characteristics." Ovidius University Annals of Constanta - Series Civil Engineering 19, no. 1 (December 20, 2017): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ouacsce-2017-0002.
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Abstract On ecosystems, the radioactive material can have several consequences: the mechanisms of self-regulation of biocoenosis are affected; the interactions and composition of flora and fauna in biocoenosis are modified etc., and on humans, radioactive material presents a major risk through external exposure and internal exposure to radiation. On the other hand, floods and droughts, among others, can have the effect that they can act as a support for radionuclides. The existence of risks of radioactive and chemical pollution on the lower course of the Danube, in the Black Sea Danube spill area as well as in the Black Sea coastal area, where a number of complex processes occur, determined the study of the radiochemical processes taking place in these areas. The paper addresses the following issues: radiation risk and nuclear risk, general hydrological characteristics, radioactivity of the Lower Danube water and coastal zone of the Black Sea, radioactivity of the Lower Danube sediments and coastal zone of the Black Sea, modeling of radiochemical processes.
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Rothschild, Rachel. "Environmental Awareness in the Atomic Age." Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences 43, no. 4 (November 2012): 492–530. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/hsns.2013.43.4.492.
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The U.S. military first sponsored ecological research during World War II to monitor the release of radioactive effluent into waterways from plutonium production. The Atomic Energy Commission later expanded these investigations to include studies of radioactive fallout at the Nevada and Marshall Island test sites, particularly after the Fukuryu Maru (Lucky Dragon) accident in 1954. The public outcry against nuclear testing from this accident, which contaminated nearby inhabited islands with radioactive fallout, resulted in a considerable influx of funding for environmental science at the Atomic Energy Commission. Many biologists who conducted these studies on nuclear fallout and waste for the Atomic Energy Commission began to develop concerns about radioactive pollution in the environment from the long-term, cumulative effects of nuclear waste disposal, the use of atomic bombs for construction projects, and the potential ecological devastation wrought by nuclear war. Their new environmental awareness prompted many Atomic Energy Commission ecologists to try to draw congressional attention to the dangers that nuclear technology posed to the environment. It also spurred reforms in the education and training of ecologists to meet the challenges of the atomic age through the new subfield of “radioecology” as well as research into problems of environmental pollution more broadly.
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Gustavino, Bianca, Roberta Meschini, Giulia Franzetti, Paolo Gratton, Giuliana Allegrucci, and Valerio Sbordoni. "Genotoxicity testing for radon exposure: Dolichopoda (Orthoptera, Rhaphidophoridae) as potential bio-indicator of confined environments." Current Zoology 60, no. 2 (April 1, 2014): 299–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/60.2.299.
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Abstract Radon represents the major source of natural radioactivity in confined environments. Despite the clear evidence of a direct association between residential exposure and human lung cancer provided by case-control studies, results relating indoor exposure and genotoxic/mutagenic effect induction are still contradictory. The present study attempts to estimate the genotoxic effects induced by exposure to radioactive radon in wild cricket populations sampled from caves where varying concentrations of radon are present. Cave crickets are also tested as possible bio-indicator organisms of genotoxic potential of contaminated residential and confined environments. Six caves in Central Italy are considered covering a broad spectrum of radon radioactivity concentration (221–26, 000 Bq/m3). Dolichopoda specimens were sampled from each cave; both haemocytes and brain cells taken from individuals were tested for responsiveness to DNA damage induced by radon through the Comet assay. Specimens from the least radioactive cave, housed in controlled conditions for 60 days before analysis, were used as control group. Statistically significant increase of DNA damage was found in all groups of individuals from each cave, for both cell types. Very low values of all Comet parameters were found in control group individuals, which gave indications of a good responsiveness of the organism to the variable environmental levels of radioactive contamination. Results indicate that cave crickets represent a reliable tool for the detection of genotoxic potential induced by radioactive contamination of confined environments and can be proposed as a possible bio-indicator system for air (-radioactive) pollution related to indoor exposure.
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Hirota, Masahiro, Shogo Higaki, Shigeki Ito, Yoshiyuki Ishida, and Keiji Terao. "Radioactive iodine volatilization inhibition effect of cyclodextrin." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 320, no. 3 (April 4, 2019): 621–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10967-019-06504-x.
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Taheri, Mohammad Ali, Firouz Payervand, Farzad Ahmadkhanlou, Sara Torabi, and Farid Semsarha. "Investigation of the properties of the Tc-99m radioisotope and water contaminated with Tc-99m under the influence of Taheri Consciousness Fields." Scientific Journal of Cosmointel 1, no. 4 (April 17, 2022): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.61450/joci.v1i4.33.
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The decay constant of radioactive materials is an inherent property ofradioisotopes and an indicator of their nature. The presence of radioactivematerials in the environment, including water supplies, leadsto radioactive contamination, which is a potential and actual threatto the living ecosystem. Taheri Consciousness Fields (TCFs) have adifferent nature from the known physical fields, and their effects havebeen previously investigated and proven on the magnetic propertiesof materials and living organisms at different levels. In this study, theeffects of TCFs on the radioactive properties of the technetium-99mradioisotope as well as water contaminated with this nuclear isomerhave been investigated. According to the findings, and in accordancewith the principles of TCFs, these Fields apparently have less significanteffects on the radioactive properties of the technetium-99mradioisotope. However, importantly, in conditions where this nuclearisomer leads to pollution in the vicinity of water molecules, TCF type 2clearly increases the effective decay constant. The results show thatTCFs demonstrate significant effects on reducing and eliminating radioactivecontaminants in aquatic environments.
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Korsakov, Anton V., Alexandra A. Golovleva, Vladislav P. Troshin, Dmitry G. Lagerev, and Leonid I. Pugach. "Ovarian Malignancies Frequency in the Female Population from the Bryansk Region Living in Conditions of Radioactive, Chemical and Combine Contamination (2000–2020)." Life 11, no. 11 (November 21, 2021): 1272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11111272.
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Background: Radioactive contamination and chemical pollution of the environment can affect the processes of carcinogenesis, including the formation of malignant neoplasms of the ovaries in women. We used the data of official state statistics for 2000–2020 to test the hypothesis about the effect of radioactive contamination (following the Chernobyl disaster) and chemical pollutants on the incidence of ovarian malignancies in the female population of the Bryansk region. Methods: A variety of statistical approaches were used to estimate the incidence of ovarian malignancies, including the Shapiro–Wilk test, Mann–Whitney U test, Spearman’s rank correlation test and linear regression. Results: We did not establish statistically significant differences in the frequency of primary morbidity of women with malignant neoplasms of the ovaries, regardless of the environmental conditions of living. Furthermore, no significant correlations were found between the frequency of primary morbidity of ovarian malignancies, both with the level of contamination by Cesium-137 and Strontium-90, and air pollution with volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. A statistically significant increase in the long-term trend in the frequency of ovarian malignant neoplasms was revealed in the areas of chemical pollution (p = 0.02), however, in other territories, no statistically significant regularities were established. The forecast of the frequency of newly diagnosed malignant neoplasms of the ovaries on average in the Bryansk region shows an increase of 12.4% in 2020 in comparison with the real data for 2020, while the largest increase in predicted values is recorded in the territories of radioactive contamination (by 79.6%), and the least in the combined territories (by 6.9%). Conclusions: The results obtained indicate the need for further work to understand the trends in the presence/absence of independent and combined effects of pollutants and the growth of oncogynecological pathology from the perspective of assessing the distant and regional metastasis, histological and immunohistochemical profile of a specific malignant ovarian neoplasm with levels of environmental contamination.
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Alexeev, Denis K., and Valentina V. Galtsova. "Effect of radioactive pollution on the biodiversity of marine benthic ecosystems of the Russian Arctic shelf." Polar Science 6, no. 2 (July 2012): 183–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polar.2012.04.001.
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Zhang, Hao, Lili Liang, Hailing Xi, Datong Liu, Zhanguo Li, and Xiaoyan Lin. "Effects of Fatty Alcohols with Different Chain Lengths on the Performance of Low pH Biomass-Based Foams for Radioactive Decontamination." Molecules 27, no. 19 (October 6, 2022): 6627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196627.
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Compared with polymers and nanoparticles, fatty alcohols can not only increase the stability of foam, but also maintain better foamability at pH < 2, which is beneficial to reduce waste liquid and increase decontamination efficiency for radioactive surface pollution. However, different fatty alcohols have different hydrophobic chain lengths. The effects of fatty alcohols with different chain lengths on the performance of decontamination foam were studied at pH < 2, to assist in the selection of suitable fatty alcohols as foam stabilizers. Combined with betaine surfactant and phytic acid, biomass-based foams were synthesized using fatty alcohols with different chain lengths. When the hydrophobic tail groups of the fatty alcohol and the surfactant were the same, the foam showed the best performance, including the lowest surface tension, the highest liquid film strength, the greatest sag-resistance and the best stability. However, when the hydrophobic tail groups were different, the space between adjacent surface active molecules was increased by thermal motion of the excess terminal tail segments (a tail-wagging effect), and the adsorption density reduced on the gas-liquid interface, leading to increased surface tension and decreased liquid film strength, sag-resistance and stability. The use of decontamination foam stabilized by fatty alcohols with the same hydrophobic group as the surfactant was found to increase the decontamination rate of radioactive uranium pollution from 64 to over 90% on a vertical surface.
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Mozharivska, I. "Peculiarities of growing Silphium perfoliatum L. in conditions of radioactive contamination of Ukrainian Polissya." Agroecological journal, no. 4 (December 17, 2016): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.4.2016.271286.
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The results of the cultivation Silphium perfoliatum L. studies on withdrawn agricultural lands and contaminated lands as a feed crop are given. The positive effect for plant growth regulators such as Emistim C and Rehoplant to yield Silphium perfoliatum L. was established. It has been shown Silphium perfoliatum L. productivityas fodder crop in the conditions of second zone of obligatory resettlement village Khrys tynivka Narodychi district, Zhytomyr region. It has been established that in the taken samples of plants from the studied area, radiation safety level was not exceeded for specific activity of cesium-137 in the studied crop. Analyzing the data, we can conclude that Silphium perfoliatum L. growing in the contaminated areas can be recommended as a valuable nutritious crop. Growing Silphium perfoliatum L. as fodder and bioenergy crop requires further studies and development of new adaptive technologies for the Polissia and foreststeppe of Ukraine.
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GALINSKYI, А., А. MENEYLYUK, and А. PETROVSKYI. "ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF THE HORIZONTAL IMPERVIOUS SCREEN FOR LOCALIZATION OF TOXIC AND RADIOACTIVE WASTE." Bridges and tunnels: Theory, Research, Practice, no. 8 (December 21, 2015): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/bttrp2015/90856.
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Purpose. The definition of the ecological and economic impact and efficient use of the horizontal impervious screen in dependence on the depth of location of the impermeable soil layer. Methodology. Synthesis, analysis, mathematical methods. The technique of definition of harm size caused by pollution and clogging of land resources through violation of environmental legislation, developed by the Ministry of environmental protection and nuclear safety of Ukraine. Findings. The initial date for definition of harm size caused by pollution and clogging of land resources after horizontal impervious screen arrangement is selected. The disadvantages of governmental technique are found and the method of improvement is developed. Originality. The governmental technique of definition of harm size caused by pollution and clogging of land resources was improved. Practical value. There was made environmental effect assessment of HIS adoption in water permeable soils combined with imperfect impervious diaphragm (ID), carried out by means of “diaphragm wall” in case of natural waterproof layer of soil absence Аlso the ecological-economic effective application of HIS compared with perfect ID buried into a natural waterproof layer of soil was determined.
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Krinochkina, Olga, Lev Krinochkin, Dinya Mamina, Ludmila Khurnova, and Oleg Fedoseev. "Indirect effects of oil products on the environment." E3S Web of Conferences 531 (2024): 04015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202453104015.
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The article is focused on chemical and radioactive contamination of the environment during hydrocarbon production. The objective of the research is to present relatively unknown facts of indirect long-term environmental effects of hydrocarbon production. Traces of radioactive contamination of soils, ground- and surface water were studied, and also in drinking water in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The authors’ own field and laboratory studies were used. They were performed as part of the preparation of geochemical base map (GHO-1000) of 1:1000000 scale in the Republic of Bashkortostan and in the Ukhto-Izhemsky oil and gas bearing region. The methods applied for laboratory research were inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for soil and bottom sediment samples and atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AMS) for ground- and surface waters. It has been determined that in the areas affected by oil production the chemical pollution aspects include deterioration of the groundwater quality caused by associated water and oil products ingress into aquifers due to violation of the oil and gas well drilling techniques, and soil salination caused by frequent equipment breaks during oil production. Aspects of radiation contamination of the environment during oil production include the intake of radionuclides with associated water, and sometimes with heavy hydrocarbon fractions, as well as the consequences of underground nuclear explosions. It is concluded that the territories of hydrocarbon exploration, production and storage should be classified as areas of potential risk for radioactive contamination and chemical pollution (by inorganic compounds, including heavy metal salts). Uranium concentration in drinking water was determined by the INAA method (instrumental neutron activation analysis).
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Трембіцька, О. І., Т. В. Клименко, and С. Г. Столяр. "Effect of plant growth regulators on accumulation of radiocaesium in potato tubers." Scientific Progress & Innovations 26, no. 3 (September 29, 2023): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31210/spi2023.26.03.06.
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An important place among the problems of modern agriculture is occupied by the problems of rational use and protection of land and the ecologically dangerous state of the environment. The Zhytomyr region is one of the most affected by the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. A significant part of agricultural land has a density of contamination with cesium-137 up to 5 Ki/km2, which is 75 % of all contaminated land in the districts, about 20 % of agricultural land has a density of contamination from 5 to 15 Ki/km2, 5 % – above 15 Ki/km2. On lands with a higher density of pollution, it is necessary to apply a complex of agrochemical, agrotechnical and organizational measures to reduce the transfer of radionuclides from the soil to plants. Solving problems related to farming in radioactively contaminated territories occupies one of the leading places in the complex of measures to mitigate the consequences of the Chernobyl accident. The purpose of the research was to establish the effect of different doses and types of plant growth regulators on the productivity of potatoes, the level of radioactive contamination in the agro-ecological conditions of Polissia. Our research was carried out in the agro-ecological conditions of Polіssia LLC. Councilors of Ovrutsky district of Zhytomyr region. The transition of the radioactive isotope cesium-137 from the soil to the plants depends on the content of exchangeable potassium in the soil, the saturation of the soil-absorbing complex with bases, the reaction of the soil solution, the bonification of the soil, and the content of humus. When the agrochemical parameters of the soil improved, in particular when the content of exchangeable potassium in the soil increased from 2.3 mg/100 g of soil to 14.8 mg/100 g of soil, the specific activity of radiocesium in plants de-creased by 3.4 times. The results of our research show that the foliar treatment of potato plants with Biosil and Poteitin contributed to a decrease in the specific activity of tubers from 29.2 to 6.4–2.1 Bq/kg. It was established that foliar spraying of potato plants with Biosil and Poteitin contributed to the reduction of the coefficient of 137Cs transition to 0.03 and 0.01.
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Morley, N. J. "The effects of radioactive pollution on the dynamics of infectious diseases in wildlife." Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 106 (April 2012): 81–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2011.12.019.
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Khasanova, Satsita, Elina Alieva, and Aishat Shemilkhanova. "Environmental Pollution: Types, Causes and Consequences." BIO Web of Conferences 63 (2023): 07014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20236307014.
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Environmental pollution is not a new phenomenon, but it remains the greatest global problem facing humanity and a major environmental cause of morbidity and mortality. Human activities related to urbanization, industrialization, mining and exploration are at the forefront of global environmental pollution. Both developed and developing countries share this burden, although awareness and stronger laws in developed countries have done more to protect their environment. Despite global attention to pollution, its impact is still being felt due to its severe long-term effects. The purpose of this work is to display the severity of the problem of environmental pollution, in particular, water pollution, air pollution, radioactive pollution, noise pollution. When writing the article, materials and methods obtained from the study of scientific papers were used. This study is further evidence that the pollution of our planet is one of the most pressing problems and that its solution should be in the first place, as the findings show that pollution affects the planet itself, people and their health, animals and much more.
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Grebin, V. V., and T. V. Hinchuk. "ASSESSMENT OF THE POSSIBILITY OF REGULATING THE WATER REGIME OF CERTAIN TERRITORIES OF THE CHERNOBYL EXCLUSION ZONE." Hydrology, hydrochemistry and hydroecology, no. 3 (69) (2023): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2306-5680.2023.3.2.
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The characteristics of the natural features of the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (CEZ), in particular the nature of the relief, soil cover, main plant groups, and landscape characteristics, are provided. The hydrographic network of the region is detailed, represented by rivers, lakes, ponds, dams of the Pripyat and Uzh rivers, the reservoir of the Kyiv HPP, reclamation channels, water mirrors in front of filtration dams. It was noted that the main processes that form the current level of radioactive contamination of water systems in the CEZ are natural processes of radioactive decay, vertical sinking and geochemical fixation of radionuclides. Analysis of water pollution monitoring data in rivers and canals of the exclusion zone shows that by regulating water levels in most areas of the catchment areas of the CEZ, it is impossible to significantly influence the reduction of water pollution in them compared to the effects of their natural self-purification. Therefore, it is impractical to continue large-scale works on water flow regulation by hydrotechnical structures in order to minimize the removal of radioactive substances beyond the exclusion zone. It is advisable to leave in operation only those systems that allow maintaining increased moisture in peatlands, reducing the risks of fires. The studies carried out on the reclamation system “Buryakivka” in the basin of the Sakhan River, as an experimental training ground for the regulation of the regime of floodplains of the CEZ, are covered in detail. The use of the method of remote sensing of the Earth (DSS) to control the water regime and monitor the transformation of reclamation systems into wetlands is substantiated. In particular, spectral analysis of image pixels in different parts of the spectrum using vegetation indices. A positive nature protection effect from the increase in the area of wetlands in the Exclusion Zone was noted in the context of the prospects of climate change and in the context of the probability of increasing cases of dry periods in the territory of Polissia.
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Wu, Lang, Shuchang Lei, Yixia Wang, Shiyu Yang, Xiaoyan Lin, and Haijun Wang. "A Highly Efficient Biomass Compound Aerosol Suppressant in Purifying Radioactive Cesium Droplet Aerosols." Molecules 27, no. 19 (October 1, 2022): 6480. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196480.
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Nuclear accidents and decommissioning in the nuclear industry would release a large number of radioactive aerosols which endangers the natural environment and the health of workers. Therefore, there is an urgent need for environment-friendly aerosol suppressants to control and handle environmental pollution problems caused by radioactive aerosols. In this paper, sodium alginate (SA), a type of polyphenol material (TP), and alkyl glycosides (APGs) were selected as the components of the compound aerosol suppressant and the optimal proportion was generated via the method of D-optimal mixture design. Furthermore, the cesium aerosol sedimentation effect of the optimized compound aerosol suppressants was evaluated via sedimentation efficiency, the change in particle concentration cumulative concentration fraction of the cesium aerosol sedimentation process. The results showed that the aerosol sedimentation efficiency was 99.82% which was much higher than nature settlement, 18.6% and water spraying sedimentation, 43.3%. Moreover, after spraying the compound suppressant, it displayed a good effect on settling the cesium aerosol particles with a diameter of less than 1 µm, as the concentration of particles was reduced from 55.49% to 44.53%. Finally, the sedimentation mechanism of the compound aerosol suppressant and cesium aerosol particles, such as the coagulation effect, was analyzed using the particle size distribution.
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Xie, Dong, Chenhua Wang, Chuck W. Yu, and Hanqing Wang. "Numerical investigation of radon dispersion and dose assessment for typical ventilation schemes with an air purifier." Indoor and Built Environment 30, no. 1 (February 13, 2020): 114–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x19893748.
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Radon is a radioactive pollutant that could pose hazards to the surrounding environment and people due to its radioactive decay progenies. In this study, numerical simulations of radon dispersion were conducted under natural and mechanical ventilation with an air-purifier for radon. Factors such as the air supply speed, position and air supply angles of the purifier were considered. Results showed that the increase in the air supply speed from the purifier was an effective solution to reduce indoor radon pollution. The effect was better when the purifier was in the middle of the room. The purification effect was similar when the air supply changed under natural ventilation, while purification function was more effective when the air supply angle was 60° under the mechanical ventilation condition. An effective dose estimation involving typical ventilation schemes with radon purifier was evaluated. Using this approach, the radiation effect on occupants was computed. The calculated effective dose was 0.9 mSv y−1 when the air supply speed of the purifier was 0.2 m s−1 under natural ventilation. As a result, the effective dose calculated was under the annual effective dose limit of 3–10 mSv y−1 recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) for public exposure.
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Stetsyk, Maria, and Illya Pyrchak. "ECO-ANALYTICAL MONITORING OF RADIOACTIVE MICROELEMENTS AND EVALUATION OF THEIR IMPACT ON DENTAL PERIODONTOLOGICAL STATUS." Scientific Journal of Polonia University 43, no. 6 (June 18, 2021): 287–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.23856/4337.
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The world community has a well-founded concern about anthropogenic pollution and the danger to human health it poses. An important role in increasing the incidence of ecologically polluted areas belongs to the exposure to anthropogenic toxins, certain socio-economic conditions, lifestyle, the presence of bad habits and the nature of human nutrition, and, in particular, the interaction of these risk factors. The effect of various endogenous factors in modern socio-ecological conditions on the human body is diagnostically manifested in the form of functional shifts in the parameters of oral fluid, which are mainly adaptive-compensatory in nature. The microelement composition of biological fluids reflects the total amount of toxic substances received from the environment, which is why it is an indicator of the impact anthropogenic pollution and can be a test object in the ecological and analytical monitoring of micronutrients. The level of macro- and micronutrients and the immunoglobulin status of the altered picture reflects the state of the oral cavity local immunity, internal organs and the human environment, because the indicator, reflecting the physical status, can use the signaling system in pathological homeostasis. The most common cause of decreased body resistance is adverse long-term exogenous factors that have a pronounced effect on both the immune system and the local immunity of the oral cavity, and the trace element composition of mixed saliva can be regarded as parameters of local resistance of the oral cavity.
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Korsakov, Anton V., Anna E. Kryukova, Vladislav P. Troshin, Olga Yu Milushkina, and Dmitry G. Lagerev. "Primary incidence of cervical cancer in the population living in ecologically disadvantaged areas (2000–2020)." Hygiene and sanitation 102, no. 1 (February 15, 2023): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-1-14-21.
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Introduction. Thirty six years after the Chernobyl disaster about 5 million people live in the radioactively contaminated territories of Ukraine, Belarus and Russia, and the density of radioactive contamination, determined mainly by long-lived Cesium-137 and Strontium-90, will remain radiologically significant for several decades. Purpose of the study. Based on official statistics for 2000-2020, to analyze the trend in the incidence of cervical cancer in females living in conditions of radioactive, chemical, and combined environmental contamination in the Bryansk region. Materials and methods. Poisson regression, Shapiro-Wilk test, Mann-Whitney U-test, Spearman test. Data sources - Bryansk Regional Oncological Dispensary, Rospotrebnadzor, Rostekhnadzor, Bryanskstat. Results. There were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of the cervical cancer, regardless of the level of radioactive, chemical, and combined environmental contamination. Also, we have found no significant correlations between the frequency of primary morbidity of the cervical cancer with neither the density of 137Cs and 90Sr contamination, nor air pollution with gaseous pollutants (VOCs, SO2, CO and NOx). A statistically significant (p<0.00001) gain in the long-term trend in the incidence of the cervical cancer over 2000-2019 was revealed in all the studied groups, regardless of the environmental conditions of the residence. The forecast for the incidence of the cervical cancer on average in the Bryansk region during 2020 shows a decrease by 20.7% in real values compared to the forecast data. Limitations. Incidence of the cervical cancer without regard to age groups, distribution at the stage of the disease, histological, and immunohistochemical profile. Conclusion. The obtained results indicate to the need for further work to understand the trends in the presence/absence of independent and combined effects of pollutants on the growth of oncogynecological pathology from the standpoint of assessing distant and regional metastasis, the histological, and immunohistichemical profile of a specific cervical cancer with levels of radioactive, chemical, and combined environmental contamination.
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Marchenko, T. A., A. I. Radin, and A. N. Razdaivodin. "Retrospective and current state of forest territories of the border areas of the Bryansk region exposed to radioactive contamination." Radiatsionnaya Gygiena = Radiation Hygiene 13, no. 2 (June 25, 2020): 6–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21514/1998-426x-2020-13-2-6-18.
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The aim of the study is to analyze the accumulated data on the study of forest territories of the border regions of the Bryansk region that have been exposed to radioactive contamination for their involvement in economic activity, as well as the possible transfer of radioactive materials in forest fires. The area of recorded and unaccounted forests was estimated according to the “Forest Plan of the Bryansk Region for the period 2019-2028” and the results of the analysis of remote sensing data of the earth, the assessment of radiation pollution – according to the radiation surveys of the forest fund and radioecological monitoring of forests, assessment of cesium-137 content – according to radiation monitoring. In the course of the work, the dynamics of the transition of forests from the range of a high level of radioactive contamination to lower ones from 1991 to 2018 slightly changes the total area of contaminated forests by regions was revealed. Top-level values of cesium-137 content in the main types of forest combustible materials, which a dangerous factor is contributing to a significant increase in the content of radiocesium in atmospheric air and the transfer of radionuclides beyond the limits of radioactive contamination zones in a forest fire. The most radiation-hazardous is the forest litter, which contains more than 70% of the total cesium-137 reserve in forest combustible materials, the values of which reach values of 224 kBq / kg in the Krasnogorsk district of the Bryansk region. The obtained forecast of cesium-137 content in the forest litter by the zones of radioactive contamination of forests in the most polluted areas of the Bryansk region for the period up to 2046 indicates the preservation of a high degree of radioactive contamination of forests in the Krasnogorsk and Novozybkovsky districts after more than 60 years after the Chernobyl accident power plants. Due to the high class of natural fire hazard of forests in the south-west of the Bryansk region and the high risk of fires in contaminated areas, it is necessary to assess the degree of danger in the prevention and suppression of radioactive forest fires, especially criterion of the absorbed dose for workers in order to avoid the deterministic effect.
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Mohammed, Sarwa A. "Calculation of Radon Gas Concentration in the Buildings of College of Women Education - Tikrit University using the Nuclear Track Detector CR-39." Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 2, no. 1 (March 9, 2023): 215–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.2.1.31.
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This study analyses the radon gas content in (17) samples taken from buildings of the College of Women's Education - Tikrit University. Using a long-term measuring approach and a nuclear effect detector, the effects of radon's alpha particles were measured (CR-39). Radon concentrations were discovered to fluctuate, with the greatest levels being found in computer lab buildings (1).it reaching (72.7 Bq.m-3), while the lowest value was in a Department of Psychological Sciences if it reaches (15.8 Bq.m-3) compared to the radioactive background of (39.0 Bq.m-3) There is no risk to the College's workforce, including workers and students, and there was no exposure to excessive levels of radiation or environmental pollution. This provided the College with an advantage in that it was not subjected to harmful amounts of radiation or contamination.
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Lull, Cristina, Antonio Lidón, and María Desamparados Soriano. "Soil Pollution Education: A Broad View of Knowledge on Soil Pollution and Educational Activities for Undergraduate Students." Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research 3, no. 2 (March 25, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2202024.
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Soil pollution is a major challenge for ensuring a healthy environment and for human health. One of the critical points in soil pollution policy is the education and public awareness of the problem caused by soil pollution. Education influences decision-making on soil and water care. It is crucial to spread knowledge to undergraduate and graduate students about the determinantal effects of soil pollution on ecosystems and humans, considering today’s students are tomorrow’s guardians of soil and human health. A course on soil pollution aims to provide students with a foundation of the knowledge and skills required to work in this field. Knowledge of soil and contaminant properties, soil-pollutant interaction processes, transport of pollutants by soil and water, human health and ecological risk assessment, and measures for preventing soil pollution are fundamental for the sustainable management of soil and food safety. Students should be aware of the need to avoid the three types of soil pollution (chemical, radioactive, and biological) in industrial, agricultural, forest, and urban soils. This article provides a broad view of the knowledge taught in subjects related to soil pollution and introduces learning activities for undergraduate students.
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Salickaitė-Bunikienė, Laimutė, Irena Stankevičienė, and Erika Pudžiuvelytė. "THE IMPORTANCE AND EXPERIENCE OF ADDITIONAL CHEMISTRY TEACHING (LEARNING)." GAMTAMOKSLINIS UGDYMAS / NATURAL SCIENCE EDUCATION 4, no. 1 (March 25, 2007): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.48127/gu-nse/07.4.40.
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In this article the relationship between formal and informal teaching of students is investigated in brief. The activities of an informal teaching institution, the correspondence school for young chemists „Pažinimas“ are described. Students study in this school in sessions for two years. Study camps are organized in the summer, and important environmental topics are included: permanent effects of chemical and thermic pollution on the ecosystems of lakes, genomic research, genetically modified organisms and food products, the diversity of fauna and problems created by people, radioactivity and the surroundings, the problems posed by Ignalina NS region's radioactive pollution etc. Key words: science education, informal teaching, young chemists.
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Wieland, E., J. Tits, and M. H. Bradbury. "The potential effect of cementitious colloids on radionuclide mobilisation in a repository for radioactive waste." Applied Geochemistry 19, no. 1 (January 2004): 119–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0883-2927(03)00114-8.
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Hofmann, Werner, and Laszlo Koblinger. "The effect of polydispersity of radioactive aerosols on the activity distribution in the human lung." Journal of Aerosol Science 20, no. 8 (January 1989): 1313–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-8502(89)90825-2.
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Laverov, N. P., S. A. Pulinets, and D. P. Uzunov. "Application of the thermal effect of the atmosphere ionization for remote diagnostics of the radioactive pollution of the atmosphere." Doklady Earth Sciences 441, no. 1 (November 2011): 1560–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1028334x11110183.
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Peterson, Harold T. "Hanford radioactive fallout—Hanford's radioactive iodine-131 releases (1944–1956). Are there observable health effects?" Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 13, no. 3 (January 1991): 261–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0265-931x(91)90065-n.
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Kovalets, I. V., O. V. Khalchenkov, S. Ya Maystrenko, T. O. Dontsov-Zahreba, K. V. Khurtsylava, R. O. Synkevych, and O. I. Udovenko. "Simulation of secondary radioactive air pollution in Ukraine due to the wind lift of radionuclides." Mathematical machines and systems 1 (2021): 96–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.34121/1028-9763-2021-1-96-107.
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The paper presents the results of the simulation of secondary air pollution scenario in Ukraine due to the wind lift of anthropogenic radionuclides during a dust storm in April 2020. A variant of the Bagnold formula was used to parameterize the intensity of radionuclide resuspension. To set the initial pollution of the territory of Ukraine, the reconstruction of meteorological conditions and fallout of Cs-137 after the disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant was carried out through the use of the RODOS nuclear emergency response system and the WRF meteorological model. For the normalized root-mean-square error of the calculated total fallout in the 50-km zone around the Chernobyl NPP the value NMSE=4,5 was obtained. A decrease in the levels of pollution of the Earth's surface during the time after the accident due to radioactive decay and other environmental processes was estimated. The distribution of contamination of the Earth's surface obtained in this way was used to assess the intensity of wind rise and atmospheric transport of radionuclides during a dust storm on April 16–18, 2020. The calculations were carried out using the CALPUFF model. The input meteorological data were the results of the WRF-Ukraine weather forecasting system. In the calculation of secondary contamination, the effect of fires in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (ChEZ) was not taken into account. The calculated average daily concentrations of Cs-137 in the air were maximum for the first day of the dust storm (April 16), when the wind speed was maximum (13 m/s with gusts up to 19 m/s). Average daily concentrations on April 16 ranged from the background values (5,8·10-6 Bq/m3 in Kyiv) to 2,2·10-3 Bq/m3 (ChNPP). The obtained estimates are much less than the permissible concentrations (0.8 Bq/m3). At the same time consideravle exceedance of background values were predicted in a large part of Ukraine – from Rivne NPP (2,2·10-5 Bq/m3) to Kharkiv (1,3·10-5 Bq / m3). In the vicinity of the ChEZ in the cities of Chernihiv and Slavutich, the obtained estimates of daily average concentration were 1,6·10-4 Bq/m3 and 3,2·10-4 Bq/m3 respectively.
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Chen, Shuai, Xiao Yan Lin, and Xue Gang Luo. "The Study of Modified KGM Film Application at Radioactive Isotopes Adsorption on Glass Surface." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 2057–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.2057.
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Radioactive isotopes (such as Th4+ Sr2+) on the surface of material such as Stainless steel can be absorbed by modified KGM film and assisting by mixed liquor consist of surfactant and complexing agent, tripolyphosphate and water. The adsorption behaviors for the radioactive isotopes such as Th4+ and Sr2+ were studied and the effects of various parameters including concentration of Th4+ and Sr2+, temperature and the time of film formation were evaluated. Detection of FTIR show that ester group of modified KGM is pivotal to the absorption of pollution source . The results also reveal that the average removal rate of modified KGM film to Th4+ and Sr2+ is 95.6% and 93.8%. And the best dose of film formation solution is Solute (NKGM acetic ester) : solvent (glacial acetic acid) is 10%. The most suited temperature and time separately is 30°Cand 3hours.
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Soininen, Leena, and Helena Mussalo-Rauhamaa. "Cancer Incidence of Finnish Sami in the Light of Exposure to Radioactive Fallout." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 15 (August 2, 2021): 8186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18158186.
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This article summarizes the results of studies on the exposure of the Finnish Sami people to radioactive fallout and the estimations of the related cancer risk. We also discuss the lifestyle, genetic origin and diet of this population. The Sami people are an indigenous people who live in the northern part of Scandinavia and Finland. The review is based on the available scientific literature of Finnish Sami. The traditional Sami diet, high in animal products, persists in Sami groups still involved in reindeer-herding, but others have adopted the typical diet of western cultures. Studies have consistently shown an overall reduced cancer risk among the Finnish Sami people, except for stomach cancer among the Skolt Sami. Common cancers among the Finnish main population, such as prostate, breast and skin cancer are especially rare among the Finnish Sami. The incidence of cancer among the Finnish Sami are mostly similar to those of the Swedish and Norwegian Sami. To conclude, we observed no effect of radioactive pollution on cancer incidence. The lifestyles and environments of the Sami are changing, and their cancer mortality rate today is similar to that of the majority of the Finnish and western population.
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Buts, Yu, O. Krainiuk, Yu Senchykhin, V. Barbashyn, and О. Trishyna. "IMPACT OF HAZARDOUS TOXIC FACTORS OF FIRES DURING MILITARY ACTIONS ON ECOSYSTEMS AND POPULATION LIFE ACTIVITIES." Municipal economy of cities 6, no. 180 (December 4, 2023): 196–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2023-6-180-196-201.
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It has been analysed that wildfires are the most influential factor in environmental pollution. The ecological consequences of wildfires consist primarily of atmospheric air pollution with carbon monoxide, products of combustion of combustible materials, and the burning of oxygen. Plant combustion also contributes significantly to planetary environmental changes: climate warming, ozone depletion, acid rain, chemical and radioactive pollution of the atmosphere, water, and soil. With wildfires, soot particles, that is, carbon and products of incomplete combustion of wood, enter the air. Smoke, which is formed during fires, explosions, ignitions, etc., during the combustion of plant biomass (grasses, leaves from trees and shrubs, mosses, lichens, peatlands, forest litter and needles), is an aerosol-gas mixture containing hazardous substances dangerous to the environment and humans. Biomass burning is a global source of gas and dust pollution of the atmosphere and is considered one of the determining factors of ecotoxicological risks for public health. The negative impact of fires from military actions on the human body is acute and delayed. Acute exposure leads to hypoxia due to carbon oxides, increased consumption of oxygen from the air during combustion, irritation of the respiratory tract, and difficulty breathing. Delayed exposure is due to toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic effects. The toxic impact of fires on the life and health of the population is not only a threat to life but also an adverse effect on human organisms of heavy compounds of chemical substances represented by the combustion products of plant biomass of forests, peatlands, vast agricultural lands, including crop rotations and pastures. Often, this impact occurs in combination with typical atmospheric air pollution: emissions from industrial enterprises and motor vehicles. The peculiarity of such a combination is the complex synergistic effects of chemical compounds and high air temperature with significant relative duration (decades, months) of emergency environmental situations. Keywords: toxic factors, fires, ecosystem, human activity.
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Mikhailovskaya, L. N., A. V. Korzhavin, V. N. Trapeznikova, and A. V. Trapeznikov. "Conceptual model and results of long-term radioecological monitoring of the effect zone of liquid discharges from the Beloyarsk nuclear power plant." Medicо-Biological and Socio-Psychological Problems of Safety in Emergency Situations, no. 3 (November 11, 2020): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.25016/2541-7487-2020-0-3-68-75.
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Relevance. The long-term use of the Olkhovsk bog as a natural filter on the way of the liquid discharges of the Beloyarsk Nuclear Power Plant (BNPP) led to radionuclide contamination of the Olkhovsk bog-river system that became a source of secondary pollution.Intention. To assess the radioecological state of the BNPP liquid waste zone based on a special system for monitoring environmental pollution by long-lived radionuclides.Methodology. Samples of water, bottom sediments, and soils were studied at the reference points of the bog-river system.Results and Discussion. Over the 35 years of the BNPP operation, pollution of the upper layers of bottom sediments has decreased due to redistribution of radionuclides with surface runoff, depth migration and radioactive decay. After the reconstruction of discharges, the removal of radionuclides into open hydrographic network decreased by 2–3 times and amounted to 48.2 ∙ 106 Bq ∙ year–1 for 90Sr and 94.8 ∙ 106 Bq ∙ year–1 for 137Cs. The migration of radionuclides to adjacent Olkhovsk bog-river system territories is still limited by the coastal strip of flooded soils.Conclusion. Radioecological situation in the Olkhovsk bog-river system is potentially dangerous. Migration processes (movement of the pollution front along the drain vector) can result in increased transfer of radionuclides into an open hydrographic network and require constant monitoring. For a balanced assessment of the radiation hazard of Olkhovsk bogriver system, it is necessary to assess current stocks of radionuclides.
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Sakauchi, Ko, Wataru Taira, Mariko Toki, Masakazu Tsuhako, Kazuo Umetsu, and Joji Otaki. "Nutrient Imbalance of the Host Plant for Larvae of the Pale Grass Blue Butterfly May Mediate the Field Effect of Low-Dose Radiation Exposure in Fukushima: Dose-Dependent Changes in the Sodium Content." Insects 12, no. 2 (February 9, 2021): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12020149.
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The pale grass blue butterfly Zizeeria maha is sensitive to low-dose radioactive pollution from the Fukushima nuclear accident in the field but is also highly tolerant to radioactive cesium (137Cs) in an artificial diet in laboratory experiments. To resolve this field-laboratory paradox, we hypothesize that the butterfly shows vulnerability in the field through biochemical changes in the larval host plant, the creeping wood sorrel Oxalis corniculata, in response to radiation stress. To test this field-effect hypothesis, we examined nutrient contents in the host plant leaves from Tohoku (mostly polluted areas including Fukushima), Niigata, and Kyushu, Japan. Leaves from Tohoku showed significantly lower sodium and lipid contents than those from Niigata. In the Tohoku samples, the sodium content (but not the lipid content) was significantly negatively correlated with the radioactivity concentration of cesium (137Cs) in leaves and with the ground radiation dose. The sodium content was also correlated with other nutrient factors. These results suggest that the sodium imbalance of the plant may be caused by radiation stress and that this nutrient imbalance may be one of the reasons that this monophagous butterfly showed high mortality and morphological abnormalities in the field shortly after the accident in Fukushima.
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Zhang, Li Na, Hui Zhao, and Min Shan Liu. "Research on Fluid-Structure Interaction Dynamic Characteristics of Steam Generator Heat Exchanger Tubes." Advanced Materials Research 482-484 (February 2012): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.482-484.183.
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For heat exchanger tube of steam generator, the relation between heat exchanger tube and fluid is typical fluid-structure interaction problem. Flow induced vibration has been found so far to be responsible for fatigue damage and failure of steam generator tubes, which will result in large economic loss and radioactive pollution. So the steam generator tubes are the weakest link in the primary coolant loop. Based on the synthesis of all sorts of factors influencing the dynamic characteristics of steam generator heat transfer tubes, establishing the heat transfer tube model, research on the weakening effect of fluid hole on fluid, the natural frequencies of the heat transfer tubes are analyzed under different fluid holes and fluid hole distance by numerical simulation.
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Борибай, Э. С., Н. З. Ахтаева, А. С. Нурхамаханова, Ы. Ш. Шаяхметова, and С. Д. Усубалиева. "ECOLOGICAL MONITORING OF TECHNOGENIC POLLUTION BY MORPHOMETRIC INDICES OF DOMINANT PLANTS." Vestnik, no. 2 (June 25, 2021): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.53065/kaznmu.2021.30.75.041.
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В статье рассматриваются проблемы индукции анатомо-морфологического строения растений разных жизненных форм при длительном хроническом воздействии ионизирующей радиации на территорию села Калачи Акмолинской области. Установлено, что в условиях радиоактивного заражения при повышении активности ионизирующего излучения у растений возникает ответная реакция, происходят изменения внутреннего строения вегетативных органов. Такие приспособительные признаки возникают под действием множества факторов окружающей среды, в том числе радиационного загрязнения. The article discusses the problems of induction of the anatomical and morphological structure of plants of different life forms under the long-term chronic effects of ionizing radiation in the territory of the village of Kalachi, Akmola region. It was found that under conditions of radioactive contamination with an increase in the activity of ionizing radiation, a response occurs in plants, changes occur in the internal structure of vegetative organs. Such adaptive signs arise under the influence of a set of environmental factors, including radiation pollution.
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Shugurov, O. O., and T. A. Strigina. "The current level of β-radioactivity in the Zaporizhzhya storage lake." Ecology and Noospherology 28, no. 3-4 (November 18, 2017): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/031712.
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The condition control of the Ukrainian rivers is an integral part of the population safety level. The change of such state can occur for several reasons. The first is the increase of pollution level from the working enterprises. The second – the efficiency reduction of protective constructions which store the radioactive wastes of (tailings dam). And the third – movement changes of water masses which are capable to lift the radio nuclides received earlier from the river bed (for example, the accident on the Chernobil atomic station). Therefore, the aim of the work was the modern level evaluation of b-nuclide pollution (90Sr and 137Cs) in water of Zaporizhzhya storage lake on the largest density points of the industrial enterprises on the Dnieper river in the sequence Kamenskoe – Dnipro – Zaporizhzhya at different seasons of the three years. Within 2014–2016 we carried out investigations of Zaporizhzhya storage lake b-radiation level for different seasons. The sampling was made at depth from 1,0 m to 1,5 m on six points. These points corresponded to the coast ones of Zaporizhzhya storage lake which are bound up with the industrial enterprises wastes of Kamenskoe and Dnipro or the small rivers fall points into the Dnieper River. The sampling points were: a coastal area 200 m below the Dneprodzerzhinsky dam, the river port, Starie Kodaki, the mouth of the river Mokra Sura, village Vojskove and Fyodorivka. The water mass of 5 kg was taken from these points and poured into the glass bottles. For radioactive pollution level determination in river's points we used two samples by 60 dm3 volume or caesium (137Cs) and strontium (90Sr) definition. 90Sr activity in water was determined radiochemically by oxalates sedimentation method with the subsequent measurement on the UMF-1500 installation. The isotope 137Cs was besieged by potassium ferrocyanide from a muriatic solution with the subsequent measurement on a small background installation The general β-radioactivity (Bq/l) was determined in the samples on the radiometer-«Beta» with the help of the SBT-13 counter by direct measurement method of samples. We showed that the levels of general β-activity water or at the investigated selection points of Zaporizhzhya storage lake fluctuated on average from 0,14 to 0,24 Bq/l, the content of 90Sr radionuclides in water is from 0,029 to 0,055 Bq/l, for 137Cs – is 0,042 Bq/l. In autumn β-activity level in Zaporozhzhya storage lake water decreased in comparison with spring – summer seasons. It is typical for storage lakes with a superficial filling which is followed by a relative increase of radioactive materials in water from deeply lying breeds bottom. For 90Sr, the effect of fluctuations in its concentration is observed, depending on the presence of industrial centers on the way of water movement along the Zaporizhzhya Reservoir. This effect not marked for 137Cs. An assessment of the level of water pollution has shown that in our time the indicators of the studied isotopes do not exceed the permissible levels of radioactivity stipulated by the norms of radiation safety of Ukraine from 1997.