Academic literature on the topic 'Effect of solvents'

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Journal articles on the topic "Effect of solvents"

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Fleischfresser, B. E., and G. C. Smith. "Sorption of Carboxylic Acids by Wool: Effect of Solvents." Textile Research Journal 58, no. 4 (1988): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051758805800406.

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The sorption of low molecular weight carboxylic acids by wool from various solvents has been investigated. More extensive sorption was observed from neutral than from either basic or acidic solvents. These results may be rationalized in terms of acid-base interactions between solvent, wool, and carboxylic acids. Basic solvents inhibit sorption by competing with the wool for the acids, whereas acidic solvents inhibit sorption by competing with the carboxylic acids for the wool. Water, an amphoteric solvent, gives limited sorption of acids compared with that found from neutral solvents.
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Nedjar‐Arroume, N., D. Guillochon, JM Piot, and D. Thomas. "Stabilizing effect of organic solvents on oxyhemoglobin." Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry 13, no. 3 (1991): 303–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-8744.1991.tb00157.x.

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The role of hemoglobin solutions as oxygen carriers in biotechnology are numerous, such as in the oxygen supply to biocatalysts or in the preparation of blood substitutes. However, the major barrier to the successful use of hemoglobin in biological and medical engineering is the autoxidation of heme iron during preparation, storage, and utilization. Fifty‐six solvents, chosen among the group of Parker's classification, were studied with regard to the autoxidation kinetics of oxyhemoglobin under nondenaturant conditions. Among these solvents 27 present a concentration range in which the autoxid
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Xiao, Rui, Jin Qian, and Shaoxing Qu. "Modeling Gel Swelling in Binary Solvents: A Thermodynamic Approach to Explaining Cosolvency and Cononsolvency Effects." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 11, no. 05 (2019): 1950050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825119500509.

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If gel swells in binary solvents, two unusual phenomena may appear. Two solvents with relatively low swelling ability may become a good solvent for the polymer with high swelling ability when mixed, which is known as a cosolvency effect. In contrast, a cononsolvency effect indicates polymer is less soluable in solvent mixtures than it is in each of the cosolvents. In this work, we develop a thermodynamic theory to describe the equilibrium swelling behaviors of gels in binary solvents based on the Flory–Huggins lattice model. The model can reproduce both cosolvency and cononsolvency effects, sh
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Naskali, Leila, Maria Engelke, and Hanna Tähti. "The Neurotoxicity of Organic Solvents Studied Using Synaptosomes and Neural Cell Cultures." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 22, no. 3 (1994): 175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119299402200307.

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The most common acute neurotoxic effect of organic solvents is their central nervous system (CNS) depressant effect. The molecular mechanism underlying this effect is not known. The purpose of our studies has been to evaluate the adverse effects of organic solvents on the CNS in vitro. Synaptosomal membranes, whole brain reaggregate and astrocyte cultures were studied. Our results suggest that cell membrane integral proteins are targets for solvent impact, but that there are differences among various cell types. In addition to lipophilicity, the structure of solvent molecules seems to be impor
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Kobayashi, Midori, Yuya Kigawa, Keiichi Satoh, and Kiyoshi Sawada. "Solvent effect on the aggregation of amphiphilic phthalocyanines substituted by polyethyleneoxide." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 16, no. 02 (2012): 183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424612004513.

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Metal-free and copper(II) tetra-β-polyethyleneoxide-substituted phthalocyanine derivatives, TDEO6-MPc, where polyethylene oxide derivative is hexaethyleneglycolmonododecylether (DEO6), were synthesized. Those compounds are soluble in both lipophilic and hydrophilic solvents. By taking advantage of this amphiphilic property, solvent effect on the aggregation of the phthalocyanine was studied by means of UV-vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies. Dimerization constants of TDEO6-MPc in non-coordinating solvents were determined by the concentration dependence of absorption spectra. Aggrega
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Singh, Swapnil, Mateusz Majer, Mirosław Antoni Czarnecki, Yusuke Morisawa, and Yukihiro Ozaki. "Solvent Effect on Assembling and Interactions in Solutions of Phenol: Infrared Spectroscopic and Density Functional Theory Study." Applied Spectroscopy 76, no. 1 (2021): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00037028211052302.

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This work provides new insight into assembling of phenol in various solvents and competition between different kinds of interactions. To examine both weak and strong interactions, we selected a series of non-aromatic and aromatic solvents. Infrared spectra were measured at low (0.05 M) and high (2 M) phenol content. In addition, we performed density functional theory calculations of the structures and harmonic vibrational spectra of 1:1 complexes of phenol with the solvents and the associates of phenol from dimer to tetramer. Based on these results, we divided the solvents into three groups. T
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K., K. Mazumder, and C. Lahiri S. "Solvent effects on the charge transfer complexes between p-chloranil and 2,2' -bipyridine and 1,10-phenanthroline." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 81, Dec 2004 (2004): 1051–56. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5833392.

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Department of Chemistry, Fakirchand College, Diamond Harbour-743 331, 24-Pargana (S), India Department of Chemistry, Kalyani University, Kalyani-741 235, India <em>E-mail</em> : sujitc!ahiri @yahoo.com <em>Manuscript received 16 August 2004</em> Complex formation between p-chloranil (Cl-Q) and the heterocyclic aromatic donors like 2,2&#39;-bipyridine (hipy) and 1,10- phenanthroline (phen) were studied in different aliphatic and aromatic solvents. The complexes are found to he considerably stable in different solvents. The comparable values of both Cl-Q + bipy and Cl-Q + phen suggest that the c
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M., Krishna Pillay, та Ganesan R. "Effect of solvents on the reaction between ethyl α-halogenoacetate and triethylamine". Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 76, Aug 1999 (1999): 399–402. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5852013.

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Department of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli-620 024, India <em>Manuscript received 7 August 1998, revised 23 March 1999, accepted 17 May 1999</em> Second order rate constants for the reaction between ethyl &alpha;-halogenoacetate and triethylamine have been determined in aprotic dipolar ketonic solvents, aprotic dipolar halogenated and nitrogen-containing solvents, and alcoholic solvents at 30&deg;. The simple and multiple regression of log <em>k</em><sub>2</sub> with various solvent parameters hive been checked. It may be concluded that more than one interaction of solv
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Iwase, M., N. Kurata, R. Ehana, Y. Nishimura, T. Masamoto, and H. Yasuhara. "Evaluation of the effects of hydrophilic organic solvents on CYP3A-mediated drug-drug interaction in vitro." Human & Experimental Toxicology 25, no. 12 (2006): 715–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327106071979.

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This study evaluated the effects of the commonly used hydrophilic organic solvents, acetonitrile, methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N,N-dimethylformamide, polyethylene glycol and propylene glycol, on CYP3A in pooled human liver microsomes, using testosterone and midazolam as substrates. Furthermore, we examined the modulation effect of organic solvents on CYP3A inhibition by ketoconazole. Testosterone 6b-hydroxylation activity was potently inhibited in the presence of DMSO and 1-propanol in a concentration-dependent manner. Midazolam 1'-hydroxylation activity, however,
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Bekárek, Vojtěch, Jan Jílek, and Antonín Haviger. "Effect of Medium on the Electronic Spectra of 2-Nitroaniline Derivatives." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 61, no. 1 (1996): 155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19960155.

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The wavenumbers of the long-wavelength absorption band were measured for nine 4-substituted and 5-substituted derivatives of 2-nitroaniline in the gaseous state and in 13 solvents where only nonspecific solvent-solute interactions can be expected. For the series involving all the solvents used, the solvent effects can be well expressed by an one-parameter equation involving the product of the Born functions of the relative permittivity and of the refractive index of the solvent. For the series involving the nonpolar solvents and the gaseous state only, this equation reduces to an one-parameter
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Effect of solvents"

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Thomas, Colin A. "Reactions and Separations in Tunable Solvents." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/13961.

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The work in this thesis couples reactions with separations through the use of switchable and tunable solvents. Tunable solvents are mixed solvents which can be easily altered to afford conditions optimal for reaction or separation. Switchable solvents are solvents that can be switched when desired to alter their properties affording conditions suitable for separation. Other studies are of the reaction of CO2 with the amidine base DBU, and an NMR study of solvent-to-solute nuclear Overhauser effects. These examples constitute a marriage of reaction environment with separation environment,
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Fuente, Adrian. "Auditory damage associated with solvent exposure evidence from a cross-sectional study /." Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/b4020375x.

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Oliveira, Leonardo Bruno Assis. "Propriedades estruturais e espectroscópicas de modelos de vitamina E e de constituintes da eumelanina em água e em mistura de solventes." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/5229.

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Submitted by Cláudia Bueno (claudiamoura18@gmail.com) on 2016-02-12T13:39:06Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Leonardo Bruno Assis Oliveira - 2015.pdf: 2535407 bytes, checksum: 9ceeaccfc6fcaae7855e1a6bba20b039 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-02-16T06:45:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Leonardo Bruno Assis Oliveira - 2015.pdf: 2535407 bytes, checksum: 9ceeaccfc6fcaae7855e1a6bba20b039 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5
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Cornélis, Hélène Thérèse. "Effect of intermediate solvents on poly(ether ether ketone)." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38158.

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Cornélis, Hélène Thérèse. "Effect of intermediate solvents on poly(ether ether ketone) /." This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-162002/.

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Hillerström, Anna. "Effect of solvents during material treatment applications tuning hydrophilicity of silicone rubber and drug loading in mesoporous silica /." Karlstad : Faculty of Technology and Science, Chemistry, Karlstads universitet, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-4118.

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AbuHassan, Yazeed. "EFFECT OF CHEMICAL SOLVENTS ON RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF RECOVERED ASPHALT BINDERS." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1470053704.

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Cooney, Margaret Faye. "The Effect of Cyclodextrin on Reductive Dechlorination." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30966.

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Microcosms were constructed from aquifer sediment samples taken from an actively degrading chlorinated solvent contaminated site located in Virginia Beach, Virginia. The objective of this study was to determine if and how the addition of cyclodextrin (CD) affects reductive dechlorination of chlorinated ethenes. After chlorinated solvent degradation rates were established in anaerobic and aerobic microcosms, 100 mg/L of CD solution was added for a period of 21 days. CD was then removed after 26 days to simulate the degradation response of the aquifer in a post CD injection environment. Degra
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Gigiberiya, V. A., I. A. Ar'ev, and N. I. Lebovka. "Effect of surfactant addition on the MWNT suspenzions stability in organic solvents." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/20612.

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It is shown that multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) form stable suspensions in isopropanol solvent as a result of influence of ultra-sound in the weight range of concentrations from 0.0001% to 1% by weight. Nonionic surfactant Triton X-165 affects the microstructure of the MWNT aggregates in isopropanol, a small amount of surfac- tant increase the intervals between the aggregates and accelerate the sedimentation process. MWNT suspension in and toluene shows unstable behavior, their total precipi- tation time is less than 104 sec. Addition of 0.4% Triton X-165 to suspension of MWN
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Walker, Elaine M. "Modelling the effect of growth envirnoment on the crystallisation of molecular organic compounds." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360150.

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Books on the topic "Effect of solvents"

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1935-, Snyder Robert, and Browning Ethel, eds. Ethel Browning's toxicity and metabolism of industrial solvents. 2nd ed. Elsevier, 1987.

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1954-, Watts Peter, Sheffer Marla, United Nations Environment Programme, International Labour Organisation, Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals., and World Health Organization, eds. Tetrachloroethene. World Health Organization, 2006.

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1954-, Watts Peter, Sheffer Marla, United Nations Environment Programme, International Labour Organisation, Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals., and World Health Organization, eds. Tetrachloroethene. World Health Organization, 2006.

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Corporation, Syracuse Research, ed. Toxicological profile for benzene. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 2007.

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Reichardt, C. Solvents and solvent effects in organic chemistry. 3rd ed. Wiley-VCH, 2003.

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Reichardt, Christian, and Thomas Welton. Solvents and Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527632220.

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Reichardt, C. Solvents and solvent effects in organic chemistry. 2nd ed. VCH, 1988.

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Reichardt, C. Solvents and solvent effects in organic chemistry. 4th ed. Wiley-VCH, 2010.

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Reichardt, Christian. Solvents and solvent effects in organic chemistry. 3rd ed. Wiley-VCH, 2003.

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Teir, Henrik. An ophthalmological study on workers with long-term occupational exposure to industrial solvents. University of Helsinki, Dept. of Ophthalmology, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Effect of solvents"

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Ko, J. M., H. W. Rhee, and C. Y. Kim. "Effect of Dopants and Solvents on Chronoamperometry of Polypyrrole." In Progress in Pacific Polymer Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84115-6_15.

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Weiss, R. A., and J. J. Fitzgerald. "Effect of Solvents on Structure and Properties of Ionomers." In Structure and Properties of Ionomers. Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3829-8_29.

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Lee, Eun Hee, Min Ku Lee, and Chang Kyu Rhee. "Effect of Solvents on the Dispersion Stability of Alloy 625 Nanoparticles." In Solid State Phenomena. Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908451-27-2.307.

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Littlemore, L. A., P. A. Schober, and F. Widmer. "Enzymatic peptide synthesis: The effect of polar solvents on proteolysis and esterolysis." In Peptides. Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2264-1_196.

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Parkinson, C., and C. Agius. "The Effect of Solvents on the Toxicity of DDT to Fish Cells." In Mechanisms and Models in Toxicology. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72558-6_41.

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Zhou, Zukang, Yannis Georgalis, Renliang Xu, and Benjamin Chu. "Time Effect In The Supramolecular Formation Of Cobalt Monooleate In Apolar Solvents." In Surfactants in Solution. Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0839-3_4.

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Korpela, M., and H. Tähti. "Effect of Organic Solvents on Human Erythrocyte Membrane Acetylcholinesterase Activity In Vitro." In Archives of Toxicology. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71248-7_55.

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Iwuoha, Emmanuel I., and Malcolm R. Smyth. "Effect of Organic Solvents on the Behaviour of a Glucose Oxidase-Based Biosensor." In Uses of Immobilized Biological Compounds. Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1932-0_23.

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Sakhawat, S. Shah, and Ejaz-ur-Rehman. "Effect of Temperature and Aprotic Solvents on the CMC of Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate." In Interactions of Water in Ionic and Nonionic Hydrates. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72701-6_45.

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Tian, Bo, Chaohe Yang, Jie Liu, and Hao Zhang. "Artificial Intelligence-Based SDA Technology Improves the Deasphalting Effect and Mechanism of Inferior Solvents." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4775-9_149.

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Conference papers on the topic "Effect of solvents"

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Storfer, Stanley J., and Stephen A. Yuhas. "Mechanism of Blister Formation in Organic Coatings; Effect of Coating Solvents." In CORROSION 1987. NACE International, 1987. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1987-87232.

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Abstract It is well known that small amounts of solvents are retained in paint films for long periods of time. This is especially true of chemically- cured coatings, such as epoxy and urethane maintenance paints. Once chemical curing has occurred, solvents which have not been released from the film remain trapped in the coating, and may facilitate blistering of the coating upon water exposure, subsequently leading to corrosion of the steel substrate. The principal mechanisms for blistering were considered with respect to whether they could be influenced by solvents, adversely or beneficially.
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Hirano, Susumu, Ayano Yasui, Hirotaka Mizukami, Tatsuya Sei, and Toshiyuki Sunaba. "Effect of Hydrophobic Interaction on Corrosion Inhibitor Efficiency." In CONFERENCE 2022. AMPP, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2022-17597.

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Abstract Surfactants are well known as an active ingredient of corrosion inhibitors; however, the molecular structure and its content of commercial inhibitors are not disclosed to users. The performance of commercial inhibitors was studied by treating the whole aspect of inhibitor as a kind of surfactant. The corrosion rate was measured with an autoclave by using an electrochemical measurement; namely, linear polarization resistance (LPR) in an oil flowline condition solution. Firstly, the corrosion rate was measured only with a corrosion inhibitor, and a hydrocarbon solvent was added afterwar
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Standish, Riccardo, Jian Yin, Mirjana Minceva, et al. "Optimizing the Selection of Solvents for the Dissolution and Precipitation of Polyethylene." In The 35th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering. PSE Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.69997/sct.143217.

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Plastic recycling is prevalently mechanical, which is inefficient at removing contaminants and produces low-grade materials. Solvent-based polymer dissolution and precipitation is emerging as a low-energy alternative to mechanical recycling when tackling highly contaminated plastic waste streams. We present a computer-aided molecular and process design (CAMPD) formulation for the selection of optimal solvents and process temperatures for polymer recycling via a dissolution and precipitation process. A mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model is proposed to minimize the energy requirem
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Shabnam, Shahnaz, and Gazi Ameen Ahmed. "Exploring the Effect of Solvents in Liquid Phase Exfoliation of MoSe2: A Comparative Study." In Frontiers in Optics. Optica Publishing Group, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1364/fio.2024.jd4a.46.

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This work demonstrates the liquid phase exfoliation of a transition metal dichalcogenide material MoSe2 using various solvents, with subsequent characterization to analyze the structure, layer count, and morphology of the exfoliated nanosheet.
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O'Donoghue, Mike, Vijay Datta, and Margaret Pardy. "Penny Wise or Pound Foolish? Holding Primers for Solvent Free Epoxy Tank Linings." In Coatings+ 2019. SSPC, 2019. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2019-00038.

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Abstract Coating practitioners are aware that single coat, thick film solvent-free epoxy linings have gained acceptance for their promise of productivity benefits which include a potential quick return to service for newly applied tank linings. From the vantage point of owners, applicators, inspectors and coating manufacturers this paper examines productivity and performance issues associated with a tandem approach of using a thin film solvent borne epoxy holding primer (especially over pitted steel) with a coat of solvent-free epoxy lining as opposed to using a single coat of a solvent-free l
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Wang, Xi, Shuai Ren, Yi He, et al. "Effect of Organic Solvent on Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in CO2 Environment." In CONFERENCE 2022. AMPP, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2022-17942.

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Abstract Injection of inhibitors is an economic and efficient way to combat corrosion of tubular steels utilized in the production and transmission of oil and gas. Given variability in the physicochemical environments encountered in the field, small scale laboratory testing is necessary to determine the effectiveness of inhibitors in specific corrosive environments. To achieve ppm concentrations of an inhibitor in a small-scale lab setup, the inhibitor often needs to be pre-diluted before addition to the test electrolyte, which has the potential to introduce experimental errors. One factor tha
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Sridhar, N., and S. M. Corey. "The Effect of Elemental Sulfur on Stress Cracking of Nickel Base Alloys." In CORROSION 1989. NACE International, 1989. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1989-89012.

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Abstract The effects of elemental sulfur additions to sour gas environments on the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) resistance of Ni-base alloys are examined in this paper. Attention is focused on low amounts of sulfur, less than 1 g/l. It is found that the detrimental effects of sulfur, depending on the alloy, can be found even at concentrations of 0.02 g/l at 204°C (400°F). The effects of pH, chloride levels, sulfur solvents, strength, and temperature are also examined. The effects of alloying elements are examined through various commercial alloys. Alloys containing molybdenum about 13% or h
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Dougherty, J. A. "Effect of Treatment Method on Corrosion Inhibitor Performance." In CORROSION 1997. NACE International, 1997. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1997-97344.

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Abstract Two types of corrosion inhibitors are studied in laboratory tests simulating batch and continuous treatment methods. Type I is an inhibitor which is adsorbed on the corrosion product layer and forms an inhibitor film. Type II reacts with the corrosion product layer to form a protective film. With both inhibitors, the protection offered by continuous treatment at 100 to 1000 ppm inhibitor compares favorably with batch treatment using neat or 10% solutions of inhibitor. The results show batch treatment of gas phase and liquid phase coupons with a 50% solution of Type I inhibitor gives o
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Tucker, L. R., and Ir M. A. Winkeler. "Application of High Solids and Solvent Free Coatings Using Plural Component Spray Equipment." In CORROSION 1995. NACE International, 1995. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1995-95630.

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Abstract The use of plural component spray equipment is not new. In fact in the 50's it was already used for solvent free material with a high viscosity at room temperature and a very short potlife. Since then the equipment has been improved and gradually more successful applications took place. Still the majority of applications were in the pipe coatings field external as well as internal. Lately plural component spray equipment has come more in use because of the environmental and waste regulations which make it necessary to minimize the release of solvents and reduce the amount of "empty" c
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Frenier, Wayne W., and Edgar F. Hoy. "HEDTA –– a Versatile Chemical for Cleaning Steel Surfaces." In CORROSION 1986. NACE International, 1986. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1986-86351.

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Abstract Since HEDTA is soluble in acidic as well as alkaline solutions, powerful chelating cleaners for removing iron oxide and copper from steel surfaces can be produced. This paper will describe the effect of important variables such as pH and temperature on the kinetics of iron oxide dissolution in HEDTA solutions. Passivation of steel and field applications of these solvents also will be considered.
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Reports on the topic "Effect of solvents"

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Sedgwick, Andrea, and Rubia Mariath. PR-461-18601-R01 Solvent Replacement Methods for Sediment and Water Content in Crude Samples. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011993.

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There are two methods broadly used for sediments and water (S and W) content determination, centrifuge method, and the Karl Fischer titration. They consume a significant quantity of toxic hazardous solvents such as Toluene, o-xylene, and chloroform. These particular solvents impose great risk to the health of the frontline workers and generate large amounts of liquid waste disposal, a detrimental effect on the environment. PRCI MEAS-16-01 Project Team has identified the need to study the feasibility of solvent replacement for the current methods used for measuring the S and W contents in crude
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McCoy, Benjamin J., and J. M. Smith. FUNDAMENTAL KINETICS OF SUPERCRITICAL COAL LIQUEFACTION: EFFECT OF CATALYSTS AND HYDROGEN-DONOR SOLVENTS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/790138.

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McCoy, B. J., and J. M. Smith. Fundamental Kinetics of Supercritical Coal Liquefaction: Effect of Catalysts and Hydrogen-Donor Solvents. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/643507.

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McCoy, Ben J., Girodhar Madras, J. M. Smith, and Yoichi Kodera. Fundamental Kinetics of Supercritical Coal Liquefaction: Effect of Catalysts and Hydrogen-Donor Solvents. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2029.

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McCoy, B. J., J. M. Smith, G. Madras, and Y. Kodera. Fundamental kinetics of supercritical coal liquefaction: effect of catalysts and hydrogen-donor solvents. Second quarterly report, 1996. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/622609.

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Liaw, Shuh-Jeng. Automation of a hydrogen meter for use in coal liquefaction plant and for determination of the effect of aliphatic hydrocarbons on hydrogen solubility and mass transfer rate in coal liquid solvents. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5341646.

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Fawcett, W. R., Colby A. Foss, and Jr. Solvent Effects on Simple Electron Transfer Reactions. A Comparison of Results in Debye and Non Debye Solvents. Defense Technical Information Center, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada237157.

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Bonnesen, P. V. Stability of the Caustic-Side Solvent Extraction (CSSX) Process Solvent: Effect of High Nitrite on Solvent Nitration. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/814158.

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Fawcett, W. R., Colby A. Foss, and Jr. Solvent Donicity and Dielectric Continuum Effects in Amalgam Formation Reactions. A Study of the Reduction of Cu(I) in the Nitrile Solvents. Defense Technical Information Center, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada237239.

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Chen, J., H. Zhuang, J. A. Gardella, and Jr. Solvent Effects on Polymer Surface Structure. Defense Technical Information Center, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada327067.

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