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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Effect of solvents on electronic transitions

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Academic literature on the topic 'Effect of solvents on electronic transitions'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Effect of solvents on electronic transitions"

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Perusic-Janjic, Nada, Jevrem Janjic, and Sanja Podunavac-Kuzmanovic. "Solvent effect on electronic absorption spectra of some 2-aminobenzimidazoles." Acta Periodica Technologica, no. 33 (2002): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/apt0233093p.

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The effect of protic and aprotic solvents on electronic apsorption spectra of 1-(3-X-benzil)-2-aminobenzimidazoles (X=CH3;OCH3; Cl) was examined. UV-apsorption spectra (200-400 nm) were recorded in five protic and four aprotic solvents. Batochromic shift of absorption maxima, ?max, occurs from the solvent with the highest proton-donor ability to the proton acceptor solvent (from water to DMSO). Positions of absortion maxima in various solvents are in correlation with the dielectric constant of the solvent. In order to explain the obtained results, the ultraviolet absorption frequences of the e

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Moustafa, Hussein, M. F. Shibl, Rifaat Hilal, Laila I. Ali, and Sheimaa Abdel Halim. "Electronic Absorption Spectra of Some Triazolopyrimidine Derivatives." International Journal of Spectroscopy 2011 (April 26, 2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/394948.

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The electronic absorption spectra of triazolo pyrimidine and some of its derivatives were measured in polar as well as nonpolar solvents. Assignment of the observed transitions is facilitated via molecular orbital calculations. Charge density distributions, dipole moments, and the extent of delocalization of the MOS were used to interpret the observed solvent effects. The observed transitions are assigned as charge transfer (CT), localized, and delocalized according to the contribution of the various configurations in the CI-states. The correspondence between the calculated and experimental tr

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Nikolic, Jasmina, Gordana Uscumlic, and Vera Krstic. "Solvent effect on electronic absorption spectra of cyclohex-1-enylcarboxylic and 2-methylcyclohex-1-enylcarboxylic acids." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 65, no. 5-6 (2000): 353–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0006353n.

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The ultraviolet absorption spectra of cyclohex-1-enylcarboxylic acid and 2- methylcyclohex-1-enylcarboxylic acid were determined in six protic and nine aprotic solvents in the wavelength range from 200 to 400 nm. The position of the ?max of the two examined acids showed that the ultraviolet absorption maximums of cyclohex-1-enylcarboxylic acid were at consistently longer wavelengths in protic solvents than those of methylcyclohex-1-enylcarboxylic acid. The opposite was true in aprotic solvents. In order to explain the obtained results, the ultraviolet absorption frequencies of the electronic t

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Jankulovska, Mirjana, Lidija Šoptrajanova, Ilinka Spirevska, Katica Čolančevska-Ragenoviќ, and Saško Ristovski. "Investigation of solvent effects on electronic absorption spectra of some substituted 1,2,4-triazoline-3-thiones." Macedonian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 29, no. 1 (2010): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.20450/mjcce.2010.171.

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The influence of the polarity of the solvent and hydrogen bonding on the electronic absorption spectra of some previously synthesized substituted 1,2,4-triazoline-3-thiones was studied. The electronic absorption spectra of investigated compounds were recorded in the region from 190 nm to 360 nm in eight protic (water, ethylene glycol, methanol, ethanol, propan-1-ol, propan-2-ol, butan-1-ol and tert-butanol) and five aprotic (acetonitrile, chloroform, dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylformamide and dioxane) solvents. Their absorption maxima appeared in the region between 250 nm and 260 nm as a result

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Debashree, Singh, Chatterjee Abhik, Chall Sayantani, et al. "Spectroscopic study of photo-physical parameters of dyes in different solvents environment." Education in Chemical Science and Technology Vol. 12, Feb 2023 (2023): 120–29. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7777314.

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Department of Chemistry, Haldia Institute of Technology, Haldia, West Bengal, India. Department of Chemistry, Raigang University, Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal, India. <em>Email id*- </em><em>pijuskhatua@gmail.com</em> (corresponding Author) <em>Email id*- </em><em>abhikchemistry@gmail.com</em> (corresponding Author) Surrounding condition has a great role on the spectral characteristics of photosensitive dyes. Solvents having different characteristic and influence in the change of both ground and excited state of photo sensitive dyes as solvent molecules interact with the probe molecule in diffe

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Oladipo, S. D., N. O. Obi-Egbedi, M. D. Adeoye, N. D. Ojo, and A. A. Badeji. "Studies on the effect of solvents on the electronic absorption spectra of 4-phenylmorpholine and 1-phenylpyrrole." Scientia Africana 22, no. 1 (2023): 243–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sa.v22i1.21.

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The Ultraviolet-Visible (UV) spectra of 4-phenylmorpholine and 1-phenylpyrrole in different solvents have been studied. The molar absorptivities and oscillator strengths were determined. Also, quantum chemical calculations were carried out using time-dependent density functional theory with Beck-3-Lee-Yang-Parr exchange-correlation functional with a 6-31G* basis set (TDDFT/B3LYP/6- 31G*) for the optimized structures of the compounds. On the basis of this, the dipole moment, dihedral angle, oscillator strength, and singlet excited state of these compounds were determined in different solvents o

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Hamad., M. Adress. Hasan, S. Muftah Huda та Hemdan. Ahmed Nada. "Study the effect of some solvents on the λmax and absorbance of bromo phenol blue and phenol red indicators". Study the effect of some solvents on the λmax and absorbance of bromo phenol blue and phenol red indicators 3, № 1 (2021): 894–901. https://doi.org/10.36811/jca.2021.110034.

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This study which carried out on some indicators including (Phenol red and Bromo phenol Blue). Different solvents were used including (Methanol, propanol, DMF and DMSO). The effect of solvents on the λ <sub>max</sub> and absorbance values were investigated. The results recorded that the λmax values were effected and changed according to the polarities of the applied solvents. Also, the obtained results showed changes in the absorbance values after applied solvents compared with the original absorbance values. https://www.raftpubs.com/jca-chemistry/articles/jca_raft1034.p

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A.A, Akande. "Effects of Solvents on the Electronic and Molecular Properties of 4-((2-Methyl-4-Nitrophenyl) Imino Methyl)Phenol." International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research and Engineering 5, no. 8 (2019): 102–8. https://doi.org/10.31695/IJASRE.2019.33455.

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<em>Schiff bases are known to possess antiviral, antifungal, antibacterial, enzymatic and other significant biological properties. They also chelate metals to form complexes that have been used in industrial processes. Schiff bases are also important in modern energy applications due to their photometric and thermochemical properties. The basis of their applications depends on the molecular and electronic properties hence it is important to study how solvents perturb these properties. Therefore, this work is aimed at studying the electronic and molecular properties of a Schiff base. The effect

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Tomin, V. I., K. Hubisz, and Z. Mudryka. "Anomalous Inhomogeneous Broadening of Electronic Spectra of Molecules with Internal Charge Transfer." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 58, no. 9-10 (2003): 529–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2003-9-1009.

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Excited states with internal charge transfer of some molecules show an anomalously strong inhomogeneous broadening of their electronic spectra. Here such an inhomogeneous broadening for N, N-dimethylaminobenzonithrile (DMABN) was studied. The spectral inhomogeneity for DMABN in some polar solvents reaches 140 - 150 nm.The interpretation of the obtained results is based on treating a solution as a set of chemically identical solvates with a luminophor molecule in the centre, having different energies of the pure electronic transitions. The inhomogeneity arises due to an intermolecular effect of

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Drmanic, Sasa, Jasmina Nikolic, Aleksandar Marinkovic, Gavrilo Sekularac, and Bratislav Jovanovic. "The effects of solvents and structure on the electronic absorption spectra of the isomeric pyridine carboxylic acid N-oxides." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 19, no. 3 (2013): 385–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq120326073d.

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The ultraviolet absorption spectra of the carboxyl group of three isomeric pyridine carboxylic acids N-oxides (picolinic acid N-oxide, nicotinic acid N-oxide and isonicotinic acid N-oxide) were determined in fourteen solvents in the wavelength range from 200 to 400 nm. The position of the absorption maxima (?max) of the examined acids showed that the ultraviolet absorption maximum wavelengths of picolinic acid N-oxide are the shortest, and those of isonicotinic acid N-oxide acid are the longest. In order to analyze the solvent effect on the obtained absorption spectra, the ultraviolet absorpti

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Effect of solvents on electronic transitions"

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Inagaki, Taichi. "Theoretical Study on Mechanism and Dynamics of Hydrogen Transfer Reaction." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/189341.

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Saroka, Vasil. "Theory of optical and THz transitions in carbon nanotubes, graphene nanoribbons and flat nanoclusters." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/28863.

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This thesis is devoted to the optical properties of low-dimensional structures based on such two-dimensional materials as graphene, silicene and phosphorene. We investigate optical properties of a variety of quasi-one dimensional and quasi-zero-dimensional structures, which are promising for future optoelectronics. Primarily we focus on their low-energy optical properties and how these properties are influenced by the structures’ geometry, external fields, intrinsic strain and edge disorder. As a consequence of this endeavor, we find several interesting effects such as correlation between the

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Gourgout, Adrien. "Instabilités de surface de Fermi avec et sans transitions magnétiques : étude de URhGe, UPd2AI3, UCoGe et CeIrIn5." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAY001/document.

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Dans cette thèse, j'ai étudié l'évolution de la surface de Fermi sous l'influence d'un champ magnétique dans des systèmes massifs facilement polarisables à basse température. La première partie est dévouée aux cas du supraconducteur ferromagnétique UCoGe et du supraconducteur paramagnétique CeIrIn5, où la surface de Fermi peut être modifiée sans transition magnétique. Dans UCoGe, plusieurs anomalies successives ont été détectées dans l'effet Seebeck, la résistivité et l'effet Hall, sans transition nette dans l'aimantation. L'observation d'oscillations quantiques montre que ces anomalies sont r

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Rouzhaji, Tuerhong. "Effect of environment on the electronic and magnetic properties of transition metals and rare-earth complexes." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAE006/document.

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Cette thèse présente les résultats de mesures expérimentales effectués à basse température par les techniques de microscopie tunnel à balayage et de spectroscopie par tunnel à balayage (STS) sur les métaux de transitions phthalocyanines déposées sur les surfaces de métaux nobles. Les mesures STM/STS ont été effectuées pour les molécules MnPc et CuPc adsorbées sur les surfaces Ag (111) et Au (111) à la température expérimentale de travail de 4,5 K. Ces deux types de molécules présentent une différence substantielle de configurations d'adsorption, des comportements électroniques et magnétiques e

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Cox, Simon G. "Hyperfine and Zeeman measurements in the infrared spectrum of doubly charged molecule D'3'5 C1'2'+." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366641.

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Delatour, Thierry. "Mise en évidence par spectrométries optiques de formes tautomères caractéristiques d'un pyridylazo diethylaminophénol." Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10159.

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Étude des structures tautomériques du (bromo-5 pyridyl-2-azo)-2 diethylamino-5 phénol par spectrométrie ir, visible, d'émission visible et de diffusion raman de résonance. Attribution des transitions électroniques et vibrationnelles principales. Seules les structures quinoniques sont observées, la forme azo n'apparaissant pas en quantité détectable

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Chergui, Majed. "Etude des transitions de Rydberg et de la relaxation intramoléculaire de la molécule NO piégée en matrices de gaz rares." Paris 13, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA132017.

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Etude de la spectroscopie et des processus de relaxation non radiative de la molécule en matrice de gaz rare, à l'aide du rayonnement synchrotron a desy. Observation de la fluorescence de rydberg avec d'importants déplacements stokes absorption-émission diminuant du néon au xénon

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Guyot, Hervé. "Etude des transitions d'onde de densité de charge et des propriétés de transport des oxydes de molybdène [êta]-Mo4O11 et [gamma]-Mo4O11." Grenoble 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986GRE10122.

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Books on the topic "Effect of solvents on electronic transitions"

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Henriksen, Niels E., and Flemming Y. Hansen. Theories of Molecular Reaction Dynamics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805014.001.0001.

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This book deals with a central topic at the interface of chemistry and physics—the understanding of how the transformation of matter takes place at the atomic level. Building on the laws of physics, the book focuses on the theoretical framework for predicting the outcome of chemical reactions. The style is highly systematic with attention to basic concepts and clarity of presentation. Molecular reaction dynamics is about the detailed atomic-level description of chemical reactions. Based on quantum mechanics and statistical mechanics or, as an approximation, classical mechanics, the dynamics of

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Glazov, M. M. Spin Systems in Semiconductor Nanostructures. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807308.003.0002.

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This chapter is an introduction to a rich variety of effects taking place in the interacting system of electrons and nuclei in semiconductors. It includes also the basics of electronic properties of nanostructures and of spin physics, an overview of fundamental interactions in the electron and nuclear spin systems, the selection rules at optical transitions in semiconductors, spin resonance effect, as well as optical orientation, and dynamical nuclear polarization. In this chapter an analysis of particular features of spin dynamics arising in the structures with localized electrons such as qua

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Bertel, E., and A. Menzel. Nanostructured surfaces: Dimensionally constrained electrons and correlation. Edited by A. V. Narlikar and Y. Y. Fu. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199533046.013.11.

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This article examines dimensionally constrained electrons and electronic correlation in nanostructured surfaces. Correlation effects play an important role in spatial confinement of electrons by nanostructures. The effect of correlation will become increasingly dominant as the dimensionality of the electron wavefunction is reduced. This article focuses on quasi-one-dimensional (quasi-1D) confinement, i.e. more or less strongly coupled one-dimensional nanostructures, with occasional reference to 2D and 0D systems. It first explains how correlated systems exhibit a variety of electronically driv

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Book chapters on the topic "Effect of solvents on electronic transitions"

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Kumar, Sarvendra, Surbhi, M. K. Yadav, and Jayant Teotia. "Solvent Effect on Electronic Transitions, Homo Lumo Analysis of 2,6-Dichloro-3-Nitro Pyridine Under Hartee-Fock and Density Functional Theory." In Springer Proceedings in Physics. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29096-6_66.

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Bregnhøj, Mikkel. "Solvent Effects on the O2(a1∆g) → O2(b1$$\Sigma_{\text{g}}^{ + }$$) Transition." In The Electronic Transitions of Molecular Oxygen. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03183-1_4.

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Stolka, M., M. A. Abkowitz, F. E. Knier, K. M. McGrane, R. J. Weagley, and J. M. Zeigler. "Effect of Thermally Induced Transitions on Electronic Transport in Aliphatic Polysilylenes." In Inorganic and Organometallic Oligomers and Polymers. Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3214-5_6.

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Li, Jian, and Louis Noodleman. "Electronic Structure Calculations: Density Functional Methods for Spin Polarization, Charge Transfer, and Solvent Effects in Transition Metal Complexes." In ACS Symposium Series. American Chemical Society, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1998-0692.ch009.

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Verhoeven, J. W., M. N. Paddon-Row, and J. M. Warman. "Rigid Alkane-Bridged Donor-Acceptor Systems as Tools for the Investigation of Solvent-, Distance-, and Conformation-Effects in Electron Transfer Processes." In Photoprocesses in Transition Metal Complexes, Biosystems and Other Molecules. Experiment and Theory. Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2698-4_12.

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Aydin, Metin. "Density Functional Theory Study of the Solvent Effects on Electronic Transition Energies of Porphyrins." In Density Functional Theory - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99613.

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We have calculated the solvent effects on the ground state and the lowest triplet state absorption spectra of meso-tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP), meso-tetrakis(p-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (TSPP) and their diprotonated forms (H4TPP and H4TSPP) in thirty-nine different solvent using time-dependent-DFT density functional theory (TD-DFT) coupled with CPCM method. The results of the calculations show that the Q-bands and Soret-bands (or B-bands) in the absorption spectra of these compounds substantially change as function of solvent dielectric constant (ε) up to 20.493 (acetone), but become stabile in

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Gorinchoy, Natalia, Iolanta Balan, Mikhail Gorbachev, et al. "Pseudo Jahn-Teller Effect in Transition States of Redox Processes." In Fundamental and Biomedical Aspects of Redox Processes. IGI Global, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-7198-2.ch004.

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The authors show that the instability of the transition (activated) states of chemical reactions are due to the vibronic coupling of the ground electronic state with the appropriate low-lying excited states, resulting in the pseudo Jahn-Teller effect (PJTE). In application to reactions relevant to environmental problems, the PJTE origin of their activation barrier is illustrated by several examples, including the proton transfer in deprotonated H3O2- and protonated H5O2+(H2O)4 water clusters and in a number of proton-bound dimers. The results can serve as a general parametrized analytical mode

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Nitzan, Abraham. "Solvation Dynamics." In Chemical Dynamics in Condensed Phases. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198529798.003.0022.

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Solvent dynamical effects on relaxation and reaction process were considered in Chapters 13 and 14. These effects are usually associated with small amplitude solvent motions that do not appreciably change its configuration. However, the most important solvent effect is often equilibrium in nature—modifying the free energies of the reactants, products, and transition states, thereby affecting the free energy of activation and sometime even the course of the chemical process. Solvation energies relevant to these modifications can be studied experimentally by calorimetric and spectroscopic method

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"Appendix K: Vibronic Coupling between Two Electronic States: The Pseudo-Jahn-Teller Effect." In Transitions in Molecular Systems. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527630219.app11.

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Matti Linnanto, Juha. "Electronic Structure of Chlorophyll Monomers and Oligomers." In Chlorophylls [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.104089.

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This chapter deals with the electronic structure of chlorophyll molecules and their complexes. Different theoretical and quantum chemical calculation methods are used to study the molecular and electronic structure of chlorophylls. Studied spectral region covers ultraviolet and infrared spectral regions, containing blue side of the Soret band, as also traditional Qy band region. Thus, there are not only focusing on the traditional Qy, Qx, and Soret transitions of chlorophylls but also high-energy transitions (in this region also proteins and nuclei acids absorb light). The aim is to show the e

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Conference papers on the topic "Effect of solvents on electronic transitions"

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Barbosa, Ana Carolina Moralles, and Nelson H. Morgon. "Effect of solvent molecules on the UV-Vis electronic spectra." In VIII Simpósio de Estrutura Eletrônica e Dinâmica Molecular. Universidade de Brasília, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21826/viiiseedmol202082.

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The effect of explicit molecules of solvent in the electronic spectrum of anhydride maleic groups was studied by quantum-chemical methods in ethanol and chloroform. An implicit method of solvation was also applied and showed no distinction between the two solvents. The addition of eight explicit molecules of the solvent resulted in an improvement of the calculated UV-Vis spectra. It was also possible to analyze the influence of different solvents in the molecular orbital associated with electronic transitions.

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PROCACCI, PIERO, and MARC SOUAILLE. "Modeling the solvent effect in electronic transitions." In Proceedings of the International School of Physics. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812839664_0032.

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Silalahi, Imelda Hotmarisi, Winda Rahmalia, Uray Amira Naselia, and Thamrin Usman. "Metalation effect (M= Cu(II), Zn(II)) of bixin isolated from annato seeds (Bixa orellana L.) towards electronic transition in solvents." In 3RD CONFERENCE ON INNOVATION IN TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING SCIENCE 2022 (CITES2022): Innovation in Technology and Science for New Era of Engineering Professionalism. AIP Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0201337.

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Neria, Eyal, and Abraham Nitzan. "Adiabatic and Non-Adiabatic Effects in Solvation Dynamics." In International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena. Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/up.1992.tub5.

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The solvation process may in principle involve more then one adiabatic state. This is referred to as non adiabatic solvation. Adiabatic solvation proceeds on a single electronic potential surface. We study the adiabatic solvation of an ion in a polar solvent using classical molecular dynamics simulations1 concentrating on the role of the rotational and translational motion of the solvent and the contribution of the different solvation shells to the solvation process. We also present results for ion solvation dynamics in a salt solution. The non adiabatic solvation of the hydrated electron is i

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Rizvi, Reza R., Jae K. Kim, and Hani E. Naguib. "Processing and MWNT Composition Effects on the Thermal, Electrical and Mechanical Properties of PLA-MWNT Composites." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-11314.

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This paper investigates the processing and its effects and the effect of multiwall carbon nanotube (MWNT) composition on the thermal, electrical and mechanical properties of polylactide (PLA)-MWNT composites. The composite films were prepared by a solvent casting process using two solvents, chloroform and 1,4-dioxane. The dispersion of the MWNTs in PLA was examined using a scanning electron microscope and was found to be more improved when 1,4-dioxane was used as the solvent as compared to chloroform. The thermal characteristics of the composites were examined on Differential Scanning Calorime

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Hicks, J. M., and K. B. Eisenthal. "Photoisomerization of Polar Molecules in Solution." In International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena. Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/up.1986.mc4.

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To study the effects of the solvent on the dynamics of photoisomerization of polar molecules, the isomerization of p-dimethylamino-benzonitrile (DMABN) was studied in n-alcohol and n-nitrile solutions. DMABN undergoes both a structural change (90° twist about the amino–phenyl bond) and an electronic change (charge transfer from the dimethylamino portion to the benzonitrile moiety) in the excited state in polar solvents1. In the twisted internal charge transfer (TICT) model, B* refers to the planar form (twist angle of 0°), while A* refers to the twisted (90°) charge transfer state. In alkanes,

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Rajab, M. Z., K. M. Ziadan, and H. A. Al-Attar. "The effect of solvent (NMP, DMSO) on the electronic transition of nano blend POT: (PEDOT: PSS/MWCNT)." In 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY AND POWER, ICEP2021. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0107874.

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Giordani, Silvia. "Effect of Solvents and Dispersants on the Bundle Dissociation of Single-walled Carbon Nanotube." In ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES OF NOVEL NANOSTRUCTURES: XIX International Winterschool/Euroconference on Electronic Properties of Novel Materials. AIP, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2103859.

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Huang, Min, and Manhua Liu. "Multiscale study of the effect of solvent on the glass transition temperature, molecule diffusion, and reorientation of P3HT-PCBM." In SPIE Organic Photonics + Electronics, edited by Zakya H. Kafafi, Paul A. Lane, and Ifor D. W. Samuel. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2061735.

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Asano, Yukako, Shigenori Togashi, and Yoshishige Endo. "Optimization of Chemical Reaction Processes in Microreactors Using Reaction Rate Analyses." In ASME-JSME-KSME 2011 Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajk2011-36013.

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We applied microreactors to the three following reactions: a consecutive bromination reaction, the two-step Sandmeyer reaction, and an acetylation reaction including solvent effects. We obtained the reaction rate constants from few experimental data or quantum chemical calculations and optimized the reaction conditions such as the reaction times and temperature. We then experimentally validated them by microreactors. A consecutive bromination reaction, where the objective reaction was followed by the side reaction, was one of the processes. The reaction temperature played an important role in

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