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1
Wahle, Peter Joseph 1961. "Radiation effects on power MOSFETs under simulated space radiation conditions." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277024.
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Application of power MOSFETs in spaceborne power converters was simulated by exposing devices to low-dose-rate ionizing radiation. Both radiation-hardened and nonhardened devices were tested with constant and switched gate biases during irradiation. In addition, some of the devices were under load. The threshold-voltage shifts were strongly bias dependent. The threshold-voltage shift of the nonhardened parts was approximately dose-rate independent, while the hardened parts exhibited significant dose-rate dependence. A pre-anneal dose-rate dependence was found for the interface-state buildup of the switched and positively biased devices, but the results for the switched devices were qualitatively different than those for the positively biased devices. The buildup of interface trapped charge was found to be the primary contributor to mobility degradation, which results in reduced drive capability and slower operation of the devices. These results indicate that new methods need to be utilized to accurately predict the performance of power MOSFETs in space environments.
2
Amutkan, Ozge. "Space Radiation Environment And Radiation Hardness Assurance Tests Of Electronic Components To Be Used In Space Missions." Phd thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612238/index.pdf.
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Space radiation is significantly harmful to electronic Components. The operating time, duration and orbit of the space mission are affected by the characteristic of the radiation environment. The aging and the performance of the electronic components are modified by radiation. The performance of the space systems such as electronic units, sensors, power and power subsystem units, batteries, payload equipments, communication units, remote sensing instruments, data handling units, externally located units,
and propulsion subsystem units is determined by the properly functioning of various electronic systems. Such systems are highly sensitive against space radiation.
The space radiation can cause damage to electronic components or functional failure on the electronics. A precisely methodology is needed to ensure that space radiation is not a threat on the functionality and performance of the electronics during their operational lives. This methodology is called as &rdquoRadiation Hardness Assurance&rdquo
. In this thesis, the hardening of electronics against space radiation is discussed. This thesis describes the space radiation environments, physical mechanisms, effects of space radiation, models of the space radiation environment, simulation of the Total Ionizing Dose, and &rdquo
Radiation Hardness Assurance&rdquo
which covers Total Ionizing Dose and Single Event Effects testing and analyzing of the electronics.
3
Bulusu, Aparan. "The Effect of Microenvironmental Space on Communication and Job Satisfaction in an Office Environment: A Systematic Enquiry." TopSCHOLAR®, 1995. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/933.
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A total of 69 employees in various job positions working in cubicles in an open-office space plan, of a large organization, completed a questionnaire investigating the impact of microenvironmental space on communication and job satisfaction. Data was analyzed using quantitative research methods. The results showed that a distinct lack of conversational privacy existed in this office. Also, when the level of noise decreased, the perceived level of privacy and job satisfaction increased. Excessive interaction, distraction, and communication with colleagues resulted in decreased level of communication privacy and job Satisfaction. In conclusion, the results of this study suggested two options for the decreased communication and job satisfaction: converting some space in the midst of all the cubicles into a gathering room to solve the problems such as lack of conversational privacy, distractions, and colleagues dropping in for a chat, or telecommuting. The researcher designed a model depicting communication as the threading tool for various components of microenvironmental space leading to job satisfaction. Several areas for future research in microenvironmental space are briefly discussed.
4
Sundaralingam, Padmini. "Investigation of the effect of phase conjugation and time reversal techniques in free space and reverberant environment." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.580090.
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We numerically explore the performance of the time reversal approach in terms of temporal and spatial focussing in three different propagation environments: free space, partially reflected medium and fully reflected medium. Performance of the phase conjugation scheme is experimentally investigated in partially reflected medium and fully reflected medium based on the characteristics of focus sing and steering capabilities. We have explored numerically the E-field time evolution along the propagation path and the beam steering action of a 2.45 GHz time reversal retrodirective array using dipole antennas excited by a I0nS 2.45 GHz RP pulsed sinusoidal carrier. It is shown that temporal and spatially confined focussing can be achieved for a variety of different time reversal methods, un-modified, amplitude quantised and time decimated under sampled with a single transmitter and a receiver setup operating within a reverberation chamber at 2.4 GHz under RP pulsed sinewave. Also it has been shown that, by introducing various size cluttering objects into the reverberant environment, the application of classical and differential time reversal methods does not significantly affect the spatio-temporal focus sing properties of the system. The possibility of deploying multiple transmitters inside the cavity is also briefly investigated. We have numerically demonstrated that temporal, spatial focussing and beam steering action can be achieved in free space using a slot array positioned in one wall of a metal air filled cavity utilizing a single antenna time reversal system. This presents an interesting possibility for a new type of beam steered array. The phase conjugation technique is an alternative to the time reversal method, which is suitable for monochromatic signals. Various phase conjugation implementation techniques have been developed for retrodirective array deployment this thesis employs a QUB developed IQ modulator based phase conjugator. It is experimentally shown that spatial localization of the field occurs within a radius of approximately 1.5-2A around the pilot source position using the single analogue phase conjugation unit operating at 2.4GHz for spatially confined data signaling in an enclosed highly reverberant multipath rich environment.
5
Underwood, Craig Ian. "Single event effects in commercial memory devices in the space radiation environment." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1996. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/743/.
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Lourenco, Nelson Estacio. "An assessment of silicon-germanium BiCMOS technologies for extreme environment applications." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45959.
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This thesis evaluates the suitability of silicon-germanium technology for electronic systems intended for extreme environments, such as ambient temperatures outside of military specification (-55 degC to 125 degC) range and intense exposures to ionizing radiation. Silicon-germanium devices and circuits were characterized at cryogenic and high-temperatures (up to 300 degC) and exposed to ionizing radiation, providing empirical evidence that silicon-germanium is an excellent platform for terrestrial and space-based electronic applications.
7
Wilcox, Edward. "Silicon-germanium devices and circuits for cryogenic and high-radiation space environments." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/33850.
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This work represents several years' research into the field of radiation hardening by design. The unique characteristics of a SiGe HBT, described in Chapter 1, make it ideally suitable for use in extreme environment applications.
Chapter 2 describes the total ionizing dose effects experienced by a SiGe HBT, particularly those experienced on an Earth-orbital or lunar-surface mission. In addition, the effects of total dose are evaluated on passive devices.
As opposed to the TID-hardness of SiGe transistors, a clear vulnerability to single-event effects does exist. This field is divided into three chapters. First, the very nature of single-event transients present in SiGe HBTs is explored in Chapter 3 using a heavy-ion microbeam with both bulk and SOI platforms [31]. Then, in Chapter 4, a new device-level SEU-hardening technique is presented along with circuit-design techniques necessarily for its implementation. In Chapter 5, the circuit-level radiation-hardening techniques necessarily to mitigate the effects shown in Chapter 3 are developed and tested [32].
Finally, in Chapter 6, the performance of the SiGe HBT in a cryogenic testing environment is characterized to understand how the widely-varying temperatures of outer space may affect device performance.
Ultimately, the built-in performance, TID-tolerance, and now-developing SEU-hardness of the SiGe HBT make a compelling case for extreme environment electronics. The low-cost, high-yield, and maturity of Si manufacturing combine with modern bandgap engineering and modern CMOS to produce a high-quality, high-performance BiCMOS platform suitable for space-borne systems.
8
Noyes, Connor David. "Characterization of the Effects of a Sun-Synchronous Orbit Slot Architecture on the Earth's Orbital Debris Environment." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2013. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1026.
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Low Earth orbit represents a valuable limited natural resource. Of particular interest are sun-synchronous orbits; it is estimated that approximately 44% of low Earth satellites are sun-synchronous. A previously developed sun-synchronous orbit slot architecture is considered. An in-depth analysis of the relative motion between satellites and their corresponding slots is performed. The long-term evolution of Earth's orbital environment is modeled by a set of coupled ordinary differential equations. A metric for quantifying the benefit, if any, of implementing a sun-synchronous architecture is developed. The results indicate that the proposed slot architecture would reduce the frequency of collisions between satellites in sun-synchronous orbits.
9
Rapp, Jason B. "IDENTIFICATION OF ORBITAL OBJECTS BY SPECTRAL ANALYSIS AND OBSERVATION OF SPACE ENVIRONMENT EFFECTS." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2012. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/861.
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This report presents an investigation and development of the methods for orbital object identification. Two goals were accomplished in this master’s thesis; the development of a method of inverting material proportions from an object’s combined spectrum, and the investigation of methods and initialization of measurement of space environment effects on spectral features of common spacecraft materials. A constrained least squares approach was chosen for inverting spectral proportions from the combined spectra. The final results fall within 1 - 15% of the original spectrum, depending on the quality and noise levels of the original spectrum. Additionally, the effects of outgassing and atomic oxygen erosion were measured using the vacuum chamber facilities at California Polytechnic State University and are to be used as a basis for future identification of orbital debris. To have a fully functional model for accurately identifying space objects, both parts are needed: a set of space environment effect measurements as a basis for the identification model (for use on objects exposed to the space environment), and the identification model to mathematically determine the best fit set of materials.
10
Romson, Åsa. "Environmental Policy Space and International Investment Law." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-74521.
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This dissertation analyses the implications of international investment law on host states’ legal ability to protect the environment, regulate sustainable use of natural resources, and develop new approaches to manage environmental risks and uncertainties. ‘Environmental policy space’ is found to be a useful term when exploring the regulatory autonomy in this context. On one hand, investment law aims to ensure stability of the investment environment. On the other hand, environmental law needs flexibility to react to the degradation of the environment. It is found that those different aims do not have to be in conflict. There are useful mechanisms in national environmental law which provide for accessible, transparent and predictable decisions for the private actor. These mechanisms can fulfill the aim of stability in investment law. It is, however, concluded that core provisions of international investment treaties risk to put constraints to environmental law in a variety of ways. To diminish these risks, states, when concluding investment treaties, should make clear that constraining environmental regulation is not compatible with the overarching aim of sustainable development. Furthermore, the interpretation of provisions of investment protection must respect principles and instruments of environmental law not to continue being unbalanced towards investor interests. It is also concluded that allowing for investor – state arbitration, without the investor exhausting local remedies, will ignore the important national administrative review system of public environmental measures.
11
Gurnee, Eli Z. "The Effects of Atomic Oxygen on the Outgassing Properties of Spacecraft Materials." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2014. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1330.
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The space environment contains many harsh characteristics that are harmful to spacecraft and threaten the success of space missions. Atomic oxygen (AO) and outgassing are among the chief concerns that spacecraft engineers must design for in order to ensure the safety of a spacecraft. AO is monatomic oxygen (O1) that is created when Ultraviolet (UV) radiation photochemically disassociates diatomic oxygen (O2) in space. AO is the dominant atmospheric constituent between 175 and 600 km, and is a great concern in low earth orbits. Orbital AO has an average impact energy of 4.5 ± 1 eV with orbiting spacecraft and is also very reactive; this makes AO very corrosive to spacecraft materials. Outgassing is the process by which trapped and adsorbed gases are expelled from materials. The high temperatures and low pressure of the spacecraft environment exacerbate the process of outgassing. Outgassing is problematic for spacecraft because outgassed material can condense on sensitive surfaces such as optical and thermal surfaces, or the material can create clouds that impede sensors ability to observe their target. While it has been shown that many aspects of the spacecraft environment act synergistically together to further degrade spacecraft performance, there is very little information and data available on the interactions between AO and outgassing. Cal Poly’s Space Environments Lab is equipped with an AO simulation vacuum chamber (MAX) and an outgas testing chamber (Micro-VCM) which is capable of testing materials for total mass loss (TML) and collected volatile condensable mass (CVCM) outgassing values. MAX and Micro-VCM were used in tandem to test different spacecraft materials in order to determine if AO exposure had any effect on the respective materials TML and CVCM values. Prior to conducting testing, Micro-VCM was refurbished and validated since it was recently donated to Cal Poly and was not in working order upon arrival. Three Sheldahl materials were tested: aluminum coated 1.0 mil Kapton tape, 2.0 mil Kapton film coated with ITO on one side and aluminum on the other, and 2.0 Kapton film coated with aluminum. The materials were exposed to an average AO fluence of 1.33 ± 0.130 × 1021 atoms/cm2 for AO testing. The TML and CVCM results from four of the six tests did not show any significant changes between AO samples and control samples, partially due to large error bars that stem from using a semi-microbalance instead of a full microbalance. However, the AO exposed ITO-Kapton-Al did show an increase in TML from -0.03 ± 0.09% to 0.19 ± 0.08% for one procedure, while the aluminum Kapton tape CVCM decreased from 0.81 ± 0.12% to 0.63 ± 0.12% for another procedure. These results show that two materials exhibited a change in their outgassing properties after AO exposure. More testing on the subject is warranted and should be conducted in order to collect more data points and begin defining trend lines that can further describe the effects of AO on outgassing.
12
Wong, Kit Ping. "Spatiality, governmentality and the production of new town space in Hong Kong." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2005. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/641.
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Davis, Kenneth Ralph 1964. "Two-dimensional simulation of the effects of total dose ionizing radiation on power-MOSFET breakdown." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277053.
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The effects of ionizing radiation on the breakdown-voltage degradation of power-MOSFET termination structures were examined through two-dimensional simulation. A wide variety of sensitivity to surface-charge density was found for various devices employing floating field rings and/or equipotential field plates. Termination structures that were both insensitive to surface charge and possessed a high breakdown voltage were identified. The results were compared with measurements made on selected structures. The principal ionizing radiation damaging mechanisms in MOS devices are discussed. Modifications made to an existing simulation program in order to simulate these complex field ring and field plate structures are described. Background information into how these termination structures improve the breakdown voltage and their sensitivities to positive interface charge buildup is investigated.
14
Nwaogu, Eze. "The Effect of Aleks on Students' Mathematics Achievement in an Online Learning Environment and the Cognitive Complexity of the Initial and Final Assessments." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/msit_diss/94.
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For many courses, mathematics included, there is an associated interactive e-learning system that provides assessment and tutoring. Some of these systems are classified as Intelligent Tutoring Systems. MyMathLab, Mathzone, and Assessment of LEarning in Knowledge Space (ALEKS) are just a few of the interactive e-learning systems in mathematics. In ALEKS, assessment and tutoring are based on the Knowledge Space Theory. Previous studies in a traditional learning environment have shown ALEKS users to perform equally or better in mathematics achievement than the group who did not use ALEKS.
The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of ALEKS on students’ achievement in mathematics in an online learning environment and to determine the cognitive complexity of mathematical tasks enacted by ALEKS’s initial (pretest) and final (posttest) assessments. The targeted population for this study was undergraduate students in College Mathematics I, in an online course at a private university in the southwestern United States. The study used a quasi-experimental One-Group non-randomized pretest and posttest design.
Five methods of analysis and one model were used in analyzing data: t-test, correctional analysis, simple and multiple regression analysis, Cronbach’s Alpha reliability test and Webb’s depth of knowledge model. A t-test showed a difference between the pretest and posttest reports, meaning ALEKS had a significant effect on students’ mathematics achievement. The correlation analysis showed a significant positive linear relationship between the concept mastery reports and the formative and summative assessments reports meaning there is a direct relationship between the ALEKS concept mastery and the assessments. The regression equation showed a better model for predicting mathematics achievement with ALEKS when the time spent learning in ALEKS and the concept mastery scores are used as part of the model.
According to Webb’s depth of knowledge model, the cognitive complexity of the pretest and posttest question items used by ALEKS were as follows: 50.5% required application of skills and concepts, 37.1% required recall of information, and 12.4% required strategic thinking: None of the questions items required extended thinking or complex reasoning, implying ALEKS is appropriate for skills and concepts building at this level of mathematics.
15
Lee, Sinhea. "Goshiwon of Noryangjin: A Preliminary Study of Goshiwon and the Effects of its Confined Spatial Environment." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1595849975913461.
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Triguero, Mas Margarita 1985. "Natural outdoor environments and adults' health : associations, effect modifiers and mediators." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/565926.
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This thesis aims at (a) evaluating the association between natural outdoor environments (NOE) and health in adults and potential effect modifiers of this association, and (b) investigating the possible mechanism of this association. Data was derived from two cross-sectional studies (including a nested one) and one experimental study. Exposure assessment included residential NOE exposure, and contact with NOE (objectively measured with smartphones and event-based exposures). Health outcomes included mainly subjectively mental health. The potential effect modifier of gender, age, socioeconomic status, urbanisation degree/city and exposure time was evaluated. The possible mechanisms investigated were: (NOE) physical activity, stress/restoration, social contacts, noise, and air pollution. Results of the present work suggest that NOE exposure (both residential and contact with NOE) was positively associated with adults’ chronic health, mainly for green space and greenery, and specially for surrounding greenness. Event-based exposure to NOE was also positively associated to adults’ acute health effects. No strong conclusions could be drawn about groups of population that could benefit more from NOE exposure. Physical activity might not be a mediator of the NOE-health associations. Stress reduction/restoration and air pollution might be partial mediators of these associations. The relationship between NOE exposure -NOE physical activity could be modified by various factors. We highlight the limitations of existing studies in the field and provide recommendations for future research. In the meanwhile, urban planners and policy makers should consider all the mechanisms, targeting the entire population, and use “just green enough” strategies supported by anti-gentrification policies.Els objectius d’aquesta tesi eren (a) avaluar l’associació entre entorns naturals exteriors (ENE) i la salut dels adults i el potencial efecte modificador d’aquesta associació i (b) investigar els possibles mecanismes d’aquesta associació. En la present tesi s’han utilitzat dades de dos estudis transversals (incloent un estudi niat) i un estudi experimental. L’estimació de l’exposició incloïa l’exposició residencial a ENE i el contacte amb ENE (mesurat objectivament amb smartphones i l’exposició basada-en-event). Els resultats en salut avaluats incloïen principalment la salut mental subjectiva. Els potencials modificadors d’efecte que es van explorar eren el gènere, l’edat, l’estat socioeconòmic, el nivell d’urbanització/la ciutat i el temps d’exposició. Els possibles mecanismes investigats eren: l’activitat física (en ENE), l’estrès/restauració, els contactes socials, el soroll i la contaminació atmosfèrica. Els resultats d’aquesta tesi suggereixen que l’exposició a ENE (tant residencial com el contacte amb l’ENE) estava associada positivament amb l’estat de salut dels adults a llarg termini. Les associacions es trobaven sobretot per espais verds i verdor, especialment el verdor circumdant. L’exposició basada-en-event als ENE estava associada positivament als efectes en salut en adults a curt termini. No es va poder concloure res sobre els grups de població que es podien beneficiar més de l’exposició als ENE. L’activitat física podria no ser un mediador de l’associació ENE-salut. La reducció de l’estrès, la restauració i la contaminació atmosfèrica podrien ser mediadors parcials de l’associació. La relació entre exposició a ENE i l’activitat física (en ENE) podria ser modificada per varis factors. Aquesta tesi recalca les limitacions dels estudis existents en el camp i proporciona recomanacions sobre recerca futura. Mentrestant, els planificadors urbans i els legisladors haurien de considerar tots els possibles mecanismes, dirigir-se a tota la població i utilitzar estratègies “només suficientment verdes” acompanyades per polítiques d’anti-gentrificació.
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KEPEZ, ORCUN Mr. "Effect of Space on Health and Well-Being: An Environmental Assessment for Home-like Long Term Care Settings." NCSU, 2007. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-12052006-105055/.
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Small scale and home-like long term care environments were generally associated with increased activity and positive outcomes. This study aims to test the hypothesis that plan types with different spatial configurations lead to differences in the use of spaces and the social interaction between residents that may affect well-being. The context of the study is 12-bed adult care homes with cognitively intact residents. Nine cases from four different sites, which contained 80 residents in total, were selected to be studied. Caregivers were asked to complete a survey for each resident to report about each resident?s background, competence in activities and instrumental activities of daily living, participation in social events, mood, and use of the outdoors. The corresponding distances between each resident?s bedroom and the common spaces and syntax variables (depth, local, and global integration) were also considered. Behavior maps (n=308) were collected during observations in order to have three days of observation from each studied case. The use of spaces and conversations between residents were noted as an indicator of the residents? activeness and social interaction. The hypothesis that there were at least two plan types with significantly different outcomes (survey outcomes, use, and social interaction) was accepted at p < 0.05 level. Shorter walking distances were found to be an indicator of an increase in the number of conversation groups formed only by residents. The numbers of spaces that resident needed to walk through to reach any of the common areas were also found to be a factor for social interaction. The distance was not found to be a factor for use in the studied context. The isolation of bedrooms from the surrounding spaces was found to be necessary to provide privacy for residents. The results were independent from the bedroom sharing status of residents, which was shown to be a factor of use in at larger scales. Depression levels of residents were found to be independent from the considered spatial variables.
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Wollman, Andrew Paul. "Large Length Scale Capillary Fluidics: From Jumping Bubbles to Drinking in Space." PDXScholar, 2016. http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2918.
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In orbit, finding the "bottom" of your coffee cup is a non-trivial task. Subtle forces often masked by gravity influence the containment and transport of fluids aboard spacecraft, often in surprising non-intuitive ways. Terrestrial experience with capillary forces is typically relegated to the micro-scale, but engineering community exposure to large length scale capillary fluidics critical to spacecraft fluid management design is low indeed. Low-cost drop towers and fast-to-flight International Space Station (ISS) experiments are increasing designer exposure to this fresh field of study. This work first provides a wide variety of drop tower tests that demonstrate fundamental and applied capillary fluidics phenomena related to liquid droplets and gas bubbles. New observations in droplet auto-ejection, droplet combustion, forced jet combustion, puddle jumping, bubble jumping, and passive phase separation are presented. We also present the Capillary Beverage Experiment on ISS as a fun and enlightening application of capillary fluidics where containment and passive control of poorly wetting aqueous capillary systems is observed. Astronauts are able to smell their coffee from the open stable container while still drinking in an Earth-like manner with the role of gravity replaced by the combined effects of surface tension, wetting, and special container geometry. The design, manufacture, low-g demonstrations, and quantitative performance of the Space Cups are highlighted. Comparisons of numerical simulations, drop tower experiments, and ISS experiments testify to the prospects of new no-moving-parts capillary solutions for certain water-based life support operations aboard spacecraft.
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Lalucaa, Valérian. "Etude des effets singuliers produits par les particules énergétiques chargées de l’environnement radiatif spatial sur les capteurs d’images CMOS." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ESAE0042/document.
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Ce mémoire de thèse traite des effets singuliers produits par les milieux radiatifs sur les capteurs d’images CMOS. Le travail se concentre sur les effets provoqués par les ions lourds sur les capteurs utilisant des pixels 3T à photodiode standard et des pixels 4T et 5T à photodiodes pincées. Dans un premier temps, l’étude se concentre sur l’environnement spatial et l’architecture des capteurs. La comparaison avec la littérature met en évidence les effets les plus critiques sur les capteurs : le SEL et les SET. Les capteurs testés expérimentalement valident les travaux théoriques. Les SET sont comparés aux simulations de l’outil de modélisation STARDUST, et montrent un bon accord pour toutes les puces et les ions. Il est expliqué pourquoi les SET sur les puces 3T sont insensibles aux variations de conception de la photodiode, et pourquoi l’utilisation d’un substrat épitaxié diminue grandement les SET. Une méthode de réduction des SET est implémentée avec succès sur les puces 4T et 5T, et le composant responsable du latchup est identifié. L’ensemble des mécanismes explorés permet de connaitre les paramètres importants pour durcir les imageursThis thesis studies the single event effects of space environment in CMOS image sensors (CIS). This work focuses on the effects of heavy ions on 3T standard photodiode pixels, and 4T and 5T pinned photodiode pixels. The first part describes the space radioactive environment and the sensor architecture. The most harmful events (SEL and SETs) are identified thanks to the scientific literature. The experimentally tested sensors agree with the theoretical work. SETs are compared to STARDUST simulations with a good agreement for all ions and sensors. The work explains why the SETs on 3T pixels are insensitive to the various photodiode designs, and they are decreased when an epitaxial substrate is used. A method using anti-blooming was successfully used in 4T and 5T pixels to prevent the spread of the SETs. The mechanism of latchup in 4T pixel sensors is described. All the identified mechanisms are very useful to provide hardening methods for the CISs
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Jenkins, E. L. "Environmental reconstruction, the use of space and the effect of sedentism on microfaunal communities : case studies from Pinarbaşi, and Çatalhöyük." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.605087.
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In this thesis, the macrofaunal assemblages from four modern Turkish owl pellet assemblages and two Anatolian, Neolithic sites have been analysed. One of the Neolithic sites is a seasonally occupied rock shelter known as Pinarbaşi, (8331 to 4741 CalBC) while the second is the sedentary site of Çatalhöyük (7300 to 6250 CalBC). The first aim is to use the macrofaunal assemblages to reconstruct the natural environment of the locality during the period of occupation of the sites. The second aim is to determine whether microfauna could be used to gain an understanding of the use of space within the site. The third aim is to determine the effect that human sedentism has on the microecology of the area of habitation by comparing the species composition of the two assemblages. The reconstruction of the natural environment demonstrated that the environment was becoming drier during the period of occupation, as was apparent from the decrease in the number of amphibians found at both sites. The large concentrations of microfauna at Çatalhöyük all showed similar patterns of modification but this pattern did not match those of any known predator. The most likely predator was a small carnivore. It is possible that the modifications differ from those in the small mammal scat samples analysed by other researchers due to the abundance of mice in the Çatalhöyük assemblages rather than larger species of microfauna which are usually common in small carnivore scats. Using the assembles from Çatalhöyük it was demonstrated that microfauna is useful in determining periods of abandonment in sedentary sites. Humans have a profound effect on the microecology of the area they inhabit when they adopt a sedentary lifestyle. This is apparent in the dominance of the house mouse in the assemblages from Çatalhöyük, while the assemblages from Pinarbaşi have a more balanced array of microfauna.
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Schulze, Kimberley E. "A minimalistic model of resistance training : effects on skeletal muscle function during unloading." Virtual Press, 1999. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1170962.
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Since astronaut time and energy are at a premium, effective countermeasures must be designed to maximize benefits while minimizing time/energy cost. Therefore, our intent was to design and evaluate a low volume, high intensity resistance training program (RTP) on the preservation of knee extensor and plantar flexor size, strength and neuromuscular function in response to unloading. A total of 32 subjects participated. Sixteen men underwent 21 days of unilateral lower limb suspension (ULLS) and were assigned to control (no RTP) (ULLS-CON, n=8) or countermeasures (ULLS-CM, n=8). The remaining subjects were ambulatory for 21 days and were assigned to no RTP (n=8) or countermeasures (n=8). Countermeasure subjects performed RTP every third day during the suspension period (total=6). The RTP consisted of 2 maximal isometric contractions (MVC), 1 set of 10 concentric/eccentric isotonic repetitions, and 1 set to exhaustion, at 80% of 1-repetition maximum (1RM). There was no change in muscle function in ambulatory subjects. Whole muscle cross sectional area (CSA) measured by computed tomography (CT) decreased 7% (thigh) and 7.5% (calf) in ULLS-CON (p<0.05), and was unchanged in ULLS-CM. MVC decreased 16.5% in both quadricep and calf muscles in ULLS-CON (p<0.05) and increased 6% in the quadricep of ULLSCM (p<0.05). Maximal concentric (CNC) and eccentric (ECC) isokinetic strength decreased an average of 18% and 17% in the knee extensors and plantar flexors of ULLS-CON, respectively (p<0.05) and was unchanged in ULLS-CM. 1RM decreased 16% in both quadricep and calf of ULLS-CON (p<0.05) and was unchanged in ULLSCM. Knee extensor work capacity, evaluated during 30 maximal CNC contractions (3.14 rad•sec-'), decreased 18% in ULLS-CON (p<0.05). Neural activation of knee extensors and plantar flexors was measured by electromyography (EMG). Submaximal v.lat, v.med, gast and sol EMG increased in ULLS-CON (p<0.05) and was unaltered in ULLSCM. Maximal EMG decreased 20% and 26% in v.1at and v.med, respectively in ULLSCON (p<0.05). ULLS-CM showed a 15% and 28% increase in v.med and gast maximal EMG (p<0.05). These data suggest knee extensor and plantar flexor muscle size, strength and neuromuscular function were preserved during unloading using a low volume, high intensity RTP performed every third day.School of Physical Education
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McGilligan, Charles. "Securing a pathway which leads to an 80% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions : effects of climate change on levels of space heating and space cooling, and analysis of the energy saving potential of the adaptive approach to thermal comfort in the built environment." Thesis, University of Bath, 2013. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.577755.
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Climate change brings with it a set of challenges if our buildings are to remain thermally comfortable whilst energy consumption is kept to a minimum and greenhouse gas emissions are reduced. As a means of addressing these issues, three models have been constructed using future climate data as forecast by the UK Climate Projections (UKCP09), and they have been used to inform the Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) 2050 Calculator. Observing there to be a correlation between regionalised National Grid non-daily metered gas demand and daily air temperature, the first model uses these data and UKCP09 data to estimate future energy savings deriving from a reduced requirement for space heating across the built environment. Using UKCP09 data, the second model estimates the increase in the uptake of residential air-conditioning if the UK were to follow the same experience as Canada, regression data showing a correlation between penetration levels of air-conditioning in the residential sector and air temperature in North America. Resultant levels of space cooling energy consumption are calculated using two different bottom-up approaches, the first of which uses the dwelling as the base unit, and the second of which uses the air-conditioner. Deriving from conventional degree-day theory and substantiated through a series of building simulations, the third model uses a novel metric, the Adaptive Comfort Degree-Day, to estimate the energy savings potential of employing adaptive comfort standards for future climates using UKCP09 data. Finally, it is found that pathways prescribed as achieving an 80% reduction in emissions levels by 2050 remain successful when the DECC 2050 Calculator is updated with correctly-weighted air temperatures. However, the demand for space heating is under-estimated by up to 99 TWh when the Calculator is amended so as to take account of data from the preceding space heating model.
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Blackmore, William Henry. "Capillary Phenomena: Investigations in Compressed Bubble Migration, Geometric Wetting, and Blade-Bound Droplet Stability." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/651.
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Capillary flows continue to be important in numerous spacecraft systems where the effective magnitude of the gravity vector is approximately one millionth that of normal Earth gravity. Due to the free fall state of orbiting spacecraft, the effects of capillarity on the fluid systems onboard can dominate the fluid behavior over large length scales. In this research three investigations are pursued where the unique interplay between surface tension forces, wetting characteristics, and system geometry control the fluid behavior, whether in large systems aboard spacecraft, or micro-scale systems on Earth. First, efforts in support of two International Space Station (ISS) experiments are reported. A description of the development of a new NASA ground station at Portland State University is provided along with descriptions of astronaut training activities for the proper operation of four handheld experiments currently in orbit as part of the second iteration of the Capillary Flow Experiments (CFE-2). Concerning the latter, seven more vessels are expected to be launched to the ISS shortly. Analysis of the data alongside numerical simulations shows excellent agreement with theory, and a new intuitive method of viewing critical wetting angles and fluid bulk shift phenomena is offered. Secondly, during the CFE-2 space experiments, unplanned peripheral observations revealed that, on occasion, rapidly compressed air bubbles migrate along paths with vector components common to the residual acceleration onboard the ISS. Unexpectedly however, the migration velocities could be shown to be up to three orders of magnitude greater than the appropriate Stokes flow limit! Likely mechanisms are explored analytically and experimentally while citing prior theoretical works that may have anticipated such phenomena. Once properly understood, compressed bubble migration may be used as an elegant method for phase separation in spacecraft systems or microgravity-based materials manufacturing. Lastly, the stability of drops on surfaces is important in a variety of natural and industrial processes. So called 'wall-edge-vertex bound drops' (a.k.a. drops on blade tips or drops on leaf tips which they resemble) are explored using a numerical approach which applies the Surface Evolver algorithm through implementation of a new file layer and a multi-parameter sweep function. As part of a recently open sourced SE-FIT software, thousands of critical drop configurations are efficiently computed as functions of contact angle, blade edge vertex half-angle, and g-orientation. With the support of other graduate students, simple experiments are performed to benchmark the computations which are then correlated for ease of application. It is shown that sessile, pendant, and wall-edge bound drops are only limiting cases of the more generalized blade-bound drops, and that a ubiquitous 'dry leaf tip' is observed for a range of the critical geometric and wetting parameters.
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Friso, Enrico. "Thermal effects reduction techniques for the SIMBIO-SYS scientific suite of BepiColombo mission." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3421562.
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This thesis work investigates techniques of reducing the thermal effects for the SIMBIO-SYS scientific suite of BepiColombo mission. SIMBIO-SYS is an integrated suite of imaging instruments and it has been selected for the European Space Agency BepiColombo mission to Mercury. It includes a stereo imaging system (STC), an high-resolution imager (HRIC) and a visible–near-infrared imaging spectrometer (VIHI). The payload will have to operate in a very harsh environment, mainly from the thermal point of view. For this reason, dedicated state-of-art heat rejection baffles and thermal control devices have to be analyzed and designed. To overcome this issue, a methodological approach has been followed. Starting from the estimation of thermal environment encountered by the payload during mission lead to a deep knowledge of the thermal environment that the instrument will face during the mission phases and provided a framework to the design of the payload baffling system. A mathematical model has been developed and simulations has been carried out to evaluate the incident fluxes on the front end of the payload for all possible hermian seasons during the orbiting of Mercury Planetary Orbiter (MPO) spacecraft around Mercury. The study allowed to identify the most critical orbits from the thermal point of view. Furthermore the mathematical model assess the Sun aspect angle of the optical axes of the three channels (HRIC, VIHI, STC) and identifies the most critical conditions among the various phases of the mission, providing input data for the design of the baffles and constraints for the verification of their geometry. The mathematical model could be applied also to other planetary observational scientific missions and allows to perform sensitivity or uncertainty analysis of incoming solar, albedo and planetary heat fluxes to orbital or attitude parameters. The geometry of the present configuration of SIMBIO-SYS baffles have been verified against direct Sun illumination and dedicated ray-casting algorithms have been implemented to calculate the angular margin to direct entry of solar rays. Thermal analyses of baffles have been afterwards carried out using lumped parameter thermal network method and implemented in ESARAD/ESATAN software. This allows to predict the main heat transfer mechanisms and temperature distribution and to estimate the performance of baffles in terms of heat rejection capability. A study on the appropriate implementation of the HRIC Stavroudis reflective baffle geometry allows to effectively model this type of baffle; furthermore this study led to the definition of a criterion to evaluate the performance of the Stavroudis and to guide the design of the most appropriate test-bed to be used to evaluate its behaviour. The lay-out of a Mercury thermal environment simulator facility has been designed on the basis of the studies carried out. It will consist of a thermal vacuum chamber with heating and cooling sources to simulate the thermal environment that the payload will face on orbit. The design and analysis methods developed had contributed to the definition of efficient baffling system for the three channels of SIMBIO-SYS scientific suite.Il progetto di ricerca di questa tesi di dottorato è finalizzato a indagare possibili tecniche di riduzione degli effetti termici per la strumentazione scientifica SIMBIO-SYS della missione ESA BepiColombo a Mercurio. SIMBIO-SYS è una suite integrata di strumenti ottici costituita da tre canali: High Resolution Imaging Channel (HRIC), STereo Imaging Channel (STC), Visual and Infrared Hyperspectral Imager (VIHI). SIMBIO-SYS dovrà operare nell'ambiente termicamente ostile di Mercurio. E' quindi necessaria la progettazione di dedicati ed efficaci sistemi di reiezione del calore e di controllo termico per lo strumento. Il problema è stato affrontato con un approccio il più possibile metodologico al fine di individuare gli aspetti cruciali del problema progettuale. Inizialmente si è valutato l’ambiente termico che lo strumento incontrerà durante le fasi operative in orbita attorno a Mercurio. A tal fine è stato sviluppato un modello matematico in grado di valutare, per le possibili stagioni di Mercurio, i flussi solare, di albedo e planetario incidenti su una superficie orbitante attorno al pianeta secondo l’orbita e l’assetto nominali previsti per il satellite. Lo studio ha reso possibile identificare le orbite maggiormente critiche dal punto di vista termico. Il modello matematico implementato può essere applicato anche a studi riguardanti altre missioni di osservazione planetaria e consente di effettuare agevolmente studi di sensibilità dei flussi orbitali incidenti ai parametri orbitali o di assetto. Il modello matematico implementato permette inoltre di valutare l'angolo di incidenza solare rispetto agli assi ottici dei tre strumenti e ha consentito di identificare le condizioni maggiormnete critiche alla illuminazione solare diretta fornendo vincoli di progetto per le geometrie dei paraluce (baffle) degli strumenti. Le geometrie dei baffle della attuale configurazione prevista dal progetto sono state verificate all'ingresso diretto di raggi solari in orbita grazie alla implementazione di algoritmi di ray-cating ed è stato fornito un corrispettivo margine angolare per ciascun baffle. Successivamente sono stati sviluppati dei modelli termici, con approccio a parametri concentrati, dei baffle dei tre canali di SIMBIO-SYS utilizzando il software ESARAD/ESATAN, stimando così le potenze termiche scambiate, la distribuzione delle temperature e le prestazioni del sottosistema in termini di capacità di reiezione del calore. E' stato approfondito lo studio del baffle riflettente di tipo Stavroudis del canale ad alta risoluzione ed è stata individuata la geometria ottimale per la modellazione con gli attuali software commerciali disponibili di analisi termica. Questo studio ha condotto inoltre alla individuazione di criteri per la valutazione delle prestazionidel baffle Stavroudis utili a guidare il progetto di un apparato sperimentale per la caratterizzazione delle prestazioni del baffle.L'attività di ricerca è poi proseguita con il dimensionamento a livello di sistema di un apparato sperimentale finalizzato a riprodurre a terra l'ambiente termico incontrato dallo strumento in orbita attorno Mercurio. Esso è concepito per riprodurre all'interno di una camera termo vuoto l'andamento dei flussi solare e infrarosso incidenti sullo strumento e le interfacce radiative e conduttive della strumentazione con il satellite, tenendo conto della orientazione dello strumento durante il moto orbitale rispetto alle sorgenti di radiazione. I modelli matematici sviluppati e le analisi termiche eseguite hanno fornito le specifiche di progetto dell'apparato sperimentale ed utili dati numerici per la definizione del simulatore a livello di sistema. I metodi di analisi e di progetto sviluppati hanno contribuito alla definizione di efficienti sistemi di riduzione degli effetti termici per la strumentazione SIMBIO-SYS.
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Athanasiou, Eleni. "Studies of the orbital background noise and the detector characteristics for the MeVCube mission." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Rymdteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-80758.
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A space camera is a promising candidate to address the non-stop rising interest for astrophysics research in the Compton regime. The MeVCube mission is intended to be launched in 2022, hosting an on-board Compton Camera. To better support the development of the instrument in this early stage, a series of feasibility studies to assess two potential launch orbits were performed. The studies were composed by a series of mission analysis simulations which permitted the characterisation of the orbital environments for the two orbital options. Several sources of background noise to the instrument were identified. The population of trapped protons and trapped electrons were simulated for the periods of Solar Minimum and Solar Maximum, as well as the levels of Galactic Cosmic Ray (GCR) flux. The performance of trade-off studies concluded that an equatorial orbit is more preferable for reducing the influence of background noise. To better estimate the environment effects at the equatorial orbit, the number of particles which can penetrate the detector shielding were simulated. The next step was to perform a series secondary studies whose aim were to simulate the induced current on the electrodes, produced by the interactions occurring within the detector. The actualisation of these simulations required the study of photon interaction with matter, the various Cadmium-Zink-Telluride (CZT) types and the how they operate, and the use of a sophisticated software to perform the appropriate simulations. COMSOL, which allows the method of FEA, was chosen as the tool to perform the simulations. The geometry of the detector voxel was primarily designed in SIEMENS NX. The geometry was inserted into COMSOL, where a number of iterations were performed to finalise the appropriate mesh size, which ensured an accurate representation of the Electric field and the Weighting potential within the detector voxel. The induced current on the electrodes was decided to be calculated via MATLAB. As a verification step it was thought useful to firstly plot the weighting potential of the three electrodes under test; the chosen anode pixel, the steering grid and the cathode. The process revealed a series of numerical errors, most likely introduced by the type of mesh chosen or by the data manipulation process via MATLAB. Significant reduction of the numerical errors would lead to more accurate values for the induced current. Unfortunately, due to time constraints this was a task that was not completed. Solving this problem would be optimal for future studies with MATLAB, as the induced current on the electrodes can be correctly calculated based on charge transport within the detector bulk.MeVCube, DESY
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Khaidakov, Magomed. "Genotoxicity of the space environment." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ37348.pdf.
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Jenner, Thomas Detmar. "Environmental effects on the behaviour of hens : spacing and space restriction." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/12291.
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A study was conducted into the spacing behaviour of hens, and the effects of limited space availability on behaviour. The concept of behavioural need and the motivational aspects of spacing behaviour are discussed, along with implications for hen welfare. Familiarity and aggression were the main social factors determining local bird distribution. Familiar birds tended to associate more closely than strangers, though hens preferred visual contact with a stranger to isolation. If given the opportunity, groups of at least 40 hens could recognise each other and would defend their common territory. Within each group, smaller sub-groups tended to occupy core areas within the territory. The effects of familiarity between birds remained evident over several weeks of study. The space around birds was correlated with social status and aggressiveness. In floor pens, increases in group size and stocking density resulted in increased aggression. These increases did not particularly affect the lower ranking birds. Time budgets of hens were affected by space allowance, with small cages restricting behavioural expression. The behaviour patterns most affected were those with elastic demand, but in the smallest cages there was also an effect on food consumption. Behavioural freedom was affected by quite small increases in cage size, while larger increases affected only certain behaviour patterns, e.g. walking. Space increases also affected the way behaviour was performed, allowing more complete expression in more natural ways. In unrestricted environments there was a tendency for group activities to be synchronised, which was increasingly limited as space was restricted. Motivation to synchronise was most evident during feeding. Birds which were unable to feed with the others often showed signs of frustration, with particular individuals tending repeatedly to be the ones excluded.
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Manu, S. "Investigation of near earth space environment." Thesis, IIG, 2010. http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/1582.
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A thesis submitted to Manonmaniam Sudaranar University, Tirunelveli in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in physics under the guidance of Dr. S. Gurubaran.
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Brucker, David A. "Theorizing The Effects of Color, Environmental Space, Culture and Gender on Communication." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1367586486.
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Smith, Craig W. "The effects of spatial arrangement on group formation, productivity, and satisfaction." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28576.
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Gleave, Michaela Ruth Art College of Fine Arts UNSW. "Constructing space: experiments in light." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Art, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43093.
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The research undertaken during this project has resulted in an investigation of atmospheric phenomena within constructed space, using light, space and water as primary materials to explore the peripheries of human perception. The project examines the extremities of human sensory experience as a means of navigating and further understanding the finite nature of our experience of 'reality'. We construct and apprehend a cohesive idea of our surroundings based on the information given to us by the senses, which are inherently limited in their capabilities. This thesis explores ways of deconstructing the processes involved in the creation of our contemporary understanding of reality, physiologically via the senses and externally through the active and conscious construction of our surroundings. The illusive and intangible nature of atmospheric phenomena is utilised in the practical component of this project for its ability to remain perceptually just out of reach; the distances in the sky cannot be judged, the air around us cannot be felt, and water in its forms of cloud, mist, ice, rain and snow hovers around the perimeters of materiality. In isolating phenomena such as these within fabricated environments the project aims to bridge the conceptual gap that exists between the highly constructed nature of our increasingly urbanised existence and the natural world.
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Oswald, Michael. "New contributions to space debris environment modeling." Aachen Shaker, 2008. http://d-nb.info/988549123/04.
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Chernysheva, M. O., and М. О. Чернишева. "Space component of the city architectural environment." Thesis, Національний авіаційний університет, 2020. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/42097.
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1. Лосинская С. В. Музеи авиации и космонавтики в Украине на современном этапе. Научные ведомости Белгородского государственного университета. Серия: История. Политология. 2013. №8(151). Вып.26. С.68-73.
2. Агєєва, Г. М. Авіаційна складова урбанізованого ландшафту Києва. Архітектура історичного Києва. Феномен урбанізованих ландшафтів: матеріали IV Міжнар. наук.-практ. конф., 23-24 листопада 2018 р. К. : КНУБА, 2018. С. 4-5. URL: https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/37025The urgency of the problem. Nowadays the topic of space exploration has proved to be very relevant for the world as a whole and for Ukraine. Almost all spheres of science are developing rather methodically and gradually. At the same time, space exploration is heterogeneous due to a number of factors, including economic, social and political factors. The sharp decline of Ukrainian space activity in the first years of independence and in times of crisis, of course, had a certain impact on the further progress of this field. However, our country is still a leader in space exploration. And our country provides space products, services and technologies in the world market. This year it has begun a development a plan of the integration of Ukraine into the European Space Agency. This work is mainly done on initiative of the scientists and not indifferent people who emphasize the importance of the development of astronautics and aviation, in particular by means of architecture. The problem is that the development of the Ukrainian space industry needs a constant focus on itself. Otherwise, the more "squat" problems of the domestic economy are pushing it out of the list of priority tasks. An important goal of our generation is to keep the space industry at a desirable level to develop it in the sequel. Unfortunately, this issue is not currently being promoted by potential specialists, and the interest in this field is gradually disappearing. In most cases, the people are not aware of the country's achievements in space and do not consider it important. It can be used an architectural environment to promote cosmonautics. Firstly, it involves all ages of citizens. Secondly, the information from the environment is unobtrusively delayed in the subconscious. Thirdly, it forms the correct and true idea of the cosmos. Every town or city of Uktaine that is connected with cosmonautics reflects the space theme in its own territory. These are 65 museums dedicated to space exploration, urban names (names of the streets, avenues and squares), small architectural forms, scenery and etc. . The goal of the work – to analyze the means that have been used (and continue to be used) in the territory of the town of Druzhkovka, Donetsk region, to promote the theme of Space.
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Tam, Walter. "The Space Debris Environment and Satellite Manufacturing." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1660.
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Space debris is a growing threat to operational satellites and satellite manufacturing organizations. Leaders in satellite manufacturing organizations lacking adequate knowledge on the space debris risks could be at a competitive disadvantage. The purpose of this explorative case study was to explore strategies leaders in satellite manufacturing organizations use to mitigate risks through the conceptual lens of stakeholder theory, contingency theory, and general system theory. The research questions addressed strategies to mitigate the debris threat from the perspectives of both ongoing concerns and long-term risk resolution. Data were collected via in-depth interviews with 12 leaders, purposively selected, in satellite manufacturing organizations, and supplemented with documentation from the literature and archival records from NASA. Member checking was used to validate the transcribed data subsequently coded into 6 themes that included: meeting requirements; using analytical techniques; using shielding to protect satellites; implementing material and process innovation; developing satellite services; and generating end of mission requirements. Recommendations include maintaining and developing analytical competencies, funding research and development, and establishing standardization. Using strategies that facilitate risk mitigation and the preservation of the space environment, business leaders could benefit by developing strategic road maps that ensure continued access to space. Implications for social change include contributing to social stability, technology advancement, increased knowledge base, economic growth, higher education, and improved standard of living.
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Gittins, Gavin Lee. "The interaction between space tether systems and the orbital space debris environment." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.416055.
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Treff, Arthur J., and John F. Forella. "Space Qualified Magnetic Disk." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/611847.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 25-28, 1993 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, NevadaHighly reliable data storage for satellites and spacecraft is a challenging technology. The space environment is a unique combination of many environmental factors which impact the reliability and even the very survival of electronic systems. The need for space qualified memory is becoming even more important with the advent of on-board data processing which requires rapid access to large data bases. This paper describes the unique environmental and design considerations that must be taken into account for a magnetic disk that is designed to operate for years in the space environment.
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Petroski, Megan. "Perceived Health Effects of Constructed Green Spaces on Populations in the Urban Environment." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1352865951.
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Yamaguchi, Kouhei. "On Asteroid Deflection Techniques Exploiting Space Plasma Environment." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/225600.
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Allard, Pierre. "A virtual environment for training space station teleoperators." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ37255.pdf.
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Fan, Yingling Khattak Asad Jan. "The built environment, activity space, and time allocation." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1113.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007.Title from electronic title page (viewed Mar. 27, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of City and Regional Planning." Discipline: City and Regional Planning; Department/School: City and Regional Planning.
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Casey, Charles. "Free Space Optical communication in the military environment." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/43886.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedFree Space Optical (FSO) communications use modulated collimated light energy, usually in the form of an infrared (IR) laser, to transmit data. This affords FSO many appealing qualities such as a very high bandwidth capability, a high level of security through a low probability of detection (LPD) and a low probability of intercept (LPI), and a signal that is impervious to radio frequency (RF) interference or regulation. Military communications require broadband capabilities at the highest level of security in an incredibly dense RF operating environment. The bandwidth and security qualities of FSO make it an attractive technology for military communications. However, a strict line of sight (LOS) requirement and link attenuation in poor atmospheric conditions limit its application. Several companies are developing and implementing FSO communication solutions worldwide in response to a demand for broadband connectivity without RF interference at a relatively low price point. Recent advances in hybrid FSO-RF systems have improved performance in all atmospheric conditions. This research conducts a survey of the current state of FSO communications and analyzes its suitability as a military communication solution. The findings indicate further research, development, and link performance improvement is required before actual implementation of FSO communications can occur.
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Czepiela, Steven Andrew 1973. "The charging of composites in the space environment." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36090.
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Nikou, Vasilios 1972. "Welded repair and maintenance in the space environment." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/91796.
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Thesis (Nav.E.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Ocean Engineering; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 73-75).
by Vasilios Nikou.
Nav.E.
S.M.
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Gaynor, Dónal. "Space and Learning: A case study of their interaction." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för lärande och samhälle (LS), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-32643.
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This essay uses a case study to examine in a particular school the nature of these interactions. By examining this case using ethnographic methods including walking tours and interviews the essay gains an insight into how the physical environment interacts with the learning environment in the school. The research identifies four main points of interaction. The need for ownership of space, the quality of the study environment, the atmosphere of the school and the need for privacy. These areas of interaction are identified also within the research with teaching staff at the school. From this research there appears to be evidence in favour of open school models which have significant variation and flexibility of space to allow for both teachers and students to adapt the environment to their various needs. The open school model does however invite significant benefits in terms of non-formal learning situations and new forms of interaction between teachers and students.
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DeVoe, Timothy D. "Working Space." VCU Scholars Compass, 2005. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1463.
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By altering the outward appearance of the gallery walls, I address the hidden inner temperaments and characteristics of these seemingly benign facades. Architectural rubble impacts with the gallery space in imagined collisions, exposing and distorting its hidden inner workings and structures. Sometimes my walls grow so fat that they need immediate and temporary structural solutions. They may even slump over in a pathetic heap under their own perceived mass.Using everyday wall building materials like 2x4s and drywall, or even harvesting the material directly from the gallery, I anthropomorphize the surface of the space. Rather than the architecture receding into the background in the service of art, the gallery walls break free of the architecture and become the art
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Margaritis, Efstathios. "Effects of urban green spaces and related urban morphology parameters on urban sound environment." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/19179/.
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Urban morphology in combination with soundscape planning and design are important parameters towards the development of sustainable cities. Towards this direction this study primarily investigates the effect of urban morphology and green-space related parameters on traffic noise in different analysis levels. Secondly, it complements this first objective approach with a subjective one, investigating peoples’ perceptual attributes using auditory and visual stimuli. Both approaches aim at merging the gap between acoustics and planning on the grounds of the new holistic approach of urban sound planning. At first, a triple level analysis was conducted including case study cities across Europe with a view to understand to what extent greener cities can also be quieter. The analysis was conducted using GIS tools and noise data from European databases combined with land cover parameters. Results were scale-dependent with lower noise levels to be achieved in cities with a higher extent of porosity and green space coverage. A further cluster analysis combined with land cover data revealed that lower noise levels were detected in the cluster with the highest green space coverage. At last, a new index of ranking cities from the noisiest to the quietest was proposed. Using the findings concerning green spaces and traffic noise from the previous study, a second analysis was conducted focused on eight UK cities. The green space variables were adjusted to incorporate also parameters related to spatial pattern and smaller ontologies, such as vegetated backyards or front yards. Parameters related to urban morphology, such as buildings and roads were also investigated. The analysis was conducted in a macro, meso and micro scale using regression models and GIS tools. Cities were divided in two types of settlement forms (linear, radial) and results showed that the latter were associated with a higher green space ratio. Green space and morphological parameters managed to predict the Lden levels in two cities with an explained variance up to 85%. Results suggested that urban green space variables combined with other features of urban morphology conduct a significant role in traffic noise mitigation and can be used as a priori tool in urban sound planning. The third part of the study focused particularly on the effects of vegetation and traffic-related parameters on the sound environment of urban parks. The sound environment was evaluated using both simulated traffic data and in situ measurements from mobile devices inside the parks. Results showed that simulated noise distribution in the park scale varied between 43 and 78 dB(A) with a maximum range of 9 dB(A) per park and higher noise variability for LA10. Two groups of parks were identified according to the distance from the international ring road. For measurement data, LA90 and LA10 were higher outside the parks with differences up to 6 dB(A) for LA90 and up to 14.3 dB(A) for LA10. Additional correlations were also detected between noise levels and morphological attributes, while slightly higher noise levels were detected in areas covered with grass compared with tree areas. The previous objective findings were combined with a perceptual study on the transition from prediction to soundscape and design implementation. In this study the relationship between land use and sound sources was explored. The stimulus material was based on binaural recordings and 360°-videos. Participants were required to assess the dominance of sound sources and the appropriateness of land use and socio-recreational activities. Results showed that the activity-based environment can be explained by two main Components. The green space coverage and the proximity to roads were the most significant parameters in the prediction of these two components. In the final stage, a multivariate analysis (MANOVA) was used in order to identify significant variations for the land use activity variables in the three urban activity profiles. The whole process emphasized on the importance of linking urban planning and design with soundscape from the land use activity viewpoint. In the final stage, two of the previous UK case study cities were selected in order to develop a mapping model to aid soundscape planning with parallel implementation and assessment of its effectiveness. Ordinary Kriging interpolation was used in both cases to simulate the predictive values in unknown locations. In Sheffield, the soundscape model was based on the prediction and profiling of sound sources, while in Brighton in the prediction and profiling of perceptual attributes. The cross-validation process in both cases presented small errors with slightly underestimated prediction values. The outcomes from both case studies can be applied in environmental noise management and soundscape planning in different urban scales.
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White, Ryan D. "A high-altitude nuclear environment simulation." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/2315.
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Paruchuri, Amith. "SPEEDES: A CASE STUDY OF SPACE OPERATIONS." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2005. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2218.
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This thesis describes the application of parallel simulation techniques to represent the structured functional parallelism present within the Space Shuttle Operations Flow using the Synchronous Parallel Environment for Emulation and Discrete-Event Simulation (SPEEDES), an object-oriented multi-computing architecture. SPEEDES is a unified parallel simulation environment, which allocates events over multiple processors to get simulation speed up. Its optimistic processing capability minimizes simulation lag time behind wall clock time, or multiples of real-time. SPEEDES accommodates an increase in process complexity with additional parallel computing nodes to allow sharing of processing loads. This thesis focuses on the process of translating a model of Space Shuttle Operations from a procedural oriented and single processor approach to one represented in a process-driven, object-oriented, and distributed processor approach. The processes are depicted by several classes created to represent the operations at the space center. The reference model used is the existing Space Shuttle Model created in ARENA by NASA and UCF in the year 2001. A systematic approach was used for this translation. A reduced version of the ARENA model was created, and then used as the SPEEDES prototype using C++. The prototype was systematically augmented to reflect the entire Space Shuttle Operations Flow. It was then verified, validated, and implemented.M.S.
Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
Engineering and Computer Science
Modeling and Simulation
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Smaglick, Christopher Richard. "iSpace : a personal design environment within a virtual space." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23779.
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Tett, Alison. "Space, practices, discourse : the praxis of the created environment." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=55661.
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