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Kimoto, Yugo, Keiichi Yano, Junichiro Ishizawa, Eiji Miyazaki, and Ichiro Yamagata. "Passive Space-Environment-Effect Measurement on the International Space Station." Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 46, no. 1 (January 2009): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.31851.
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Hu, Yiwen, Zhanyue Zhang, and Hongqiang Sun. "Effect of GEO satellite explosion on space environment." E3S Web of Conferences 131 (2019): 01068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913101068.
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The distribution status of spatial targets in the geosynchronous orbit (GEO) is analysed, and the GEO orbital space environment model with space debris above 10 cm in feature size is established. The debris situation after the fragmentation of the satellite explosion in the orbit is simulated, and the safety of the space environment under the current conditions is analysed.
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Chen, Rui, Yu Gao, Ruixin Zhang, Zhi Zhang, Weikang Zhang, Huan Meng, and Tong Zhang. "How Does the Experience of Forest Recreation Spaces in Different Seasons Affect the Physical and Mental Recovery of Users?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 3 (January 28, 2023): 2357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032357.
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Background: In recent years, increasing attention has been given to the recovery effect of the forest environment on physical and mental health. Therefore, providing users with a high-quality forest landscape space is a very important research topic for forest landscape designers and forest resource managers. Main purpose: From the perspective of different seasons, this study explores the differences in landscape perceptions and physical and mental recovery of users when they experience different forest recreation spaces and the interactions between them. Methods: First, this study used virtual reality video experience and questionnaires for participants. Then, the paired-samples t test, one-way ANOVA and the independent-samples t test were used for statistical analysis. Finally, we also used structural equation models to analyze the relationship between landscape perception and recovery. Main results: (1) The restoration effect and perception of forest recreation spaces on people are influenced by space types and seasonal factors. (2) People’s restoration from forest environments is a gradual process from spatial cognition to emotional response. (3) The perception of the natural attributes and form of the recreation space plays a key role in the restorative effect of the environment to people, while the natural form is more important in spring than autumn. Based on the above conclusions, we suggest that the characteristic factors of the landscape environment and their different restoration effects for users in different dimensions should be considered when planning forest recreation space.
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Lu, Yichun, and Siu-Kit Lau. "Influence of public space type on soundscape perception in the residential context." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 153, no. 3_supplement (March 1, 2023): A332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0019042.
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Many studies have validated that soundscape quality will contribute to the satisfaction of public spaces. However, the requirements for a sound environment differ in different public spaces. Few studies focus on the difference among effects of soundscape on satisfaction in various types of public spaces in residential areas. Besides, the public space type may also moderate the effect of audio-visual environment on soundscape quality, which there may be a lack of existing studies. The present research aims to investigate the relationship among space type, audio-visual environment, and soundscape to improve satisfaction in public spaces. An on-site questionnaire survey was conducted in public spaces in residential areas, and 50 subjects participated in this survey. The correlation analysis showed that the audio-visual indicators affect soundscape perception in passive and active space differently. In particular, traffic noise may have a less negative effect on pleasantness in active space than passive space. Also, interesting visual elements may enhance eventfulness in passive zone while they may not affect eventfulness in active zone. The result of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) indicated that pleasantness is most important to people’s satisfaction in both passive and active spaces, while eventfulness is more critical in active than passive spaces.
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Li, Man, Yuming Liu, Naiyuan Cui, Qiang Yu, Yu Li, and Yongtai Zhang. "Research on experimental method of carbon nanotubes space environment effect." E3S Web of Conferences 268 (2021): 01065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126801065.
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Due to its unique structure and superior performance, carbon nanotubes are proposed to have great potential applications in many fields. Recently, more and more concerns have been focused on the application of carbon nanotubes in space technology. It is believed that carbon nanotubes can have a broad impact on space missions in future with benefits principally in space technology, such as lightweight structure materials, environment protection materials, energy gerneration and storage and nanoelcetronics. However, carbon nanotubes would suffer chemical and physical damage from the space environment when it was used in spacecraft, just like all the other space materials. The environment where spacecrafts operate is extremely intricate, primarily represented by electromagnetic irradiation, charged particle irradiation, high vacuum, cold and hot alternation, atomic oxygen erosion, clash from space debris, and other factors. The mostly effect in space environment is atomic oxygen and debris for grapheme. This paper is about the research on the experimental methods of carbon nanotubes space environment effect with atomic oxygen and space debris as examples, in a bid to propose the experimental scheme of carbon nanotubes space environment effect. It will be great helpful to promote the applications of carbon nanotubes in space technology.
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Dong, Ke. "Interprovincial Space Effect Analysis of China's Atmospheric Environment Quality." Advanced Materials Research 838-841 (November 2013): 2596–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.838-841.2596.
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Through an analysis about the atmospheric environment SO2space effect of China from 2000 to 2011, this article puts forward that the atmospheric pollution in China is influenced by per capital GDP and industrial structure to a large extent. Meanwhile, environmental efficiency factors which should restrict atmospheric environmental pollution have positive spillover effect to environmental pollution to surrounding area, which indicates that the environmental pollution treatment in China in current stage is only transition of the pollution in a disguised form. In some regions, industries are moved to less developed areas around in order to enhance their environmental compliance, so polluting industries cannot be moved out like those in developed regions and the environment is difficult to improve.
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Du, Wenxing, Yuxia Wang, Dingyi Qian, and Xiao Lyu. "Process and Eco-Environment Impact of Land Use Function Transition under the Perspective of “Production-Living-Ecological” Spaces—Case of Haikou City, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 24 (December 16, 2022): 16902. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416902.
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Land use function transition can change the eco-environment. To achieve an “Intensive and efficient production space, moderately livable living space, and beautiful ecological space”, the ecological effects of land use function transition in the context of ecologically fragile areas and rapidly developing areas of socio-economic importance need to be studied. In this study, from the perspective of “production-living-ecological” spaces, we calculated the index of regional eco-environment quality, positive and negative effects of eco-environment impact, and the ecological contribution rate and analyzed the driving factors. We found the following: (1) The production space was greatly compressed, living space was expanded, and ecological space was significantly squeezed. Haikou underwent a rapid transformation from an agriculture-dependent city to an industrial city. Land supply for urban and rural living was guaranteed by the Chinese land management department. However, Haikou prioritized economic development over environmental protection. (2) The regional eco-environment quality index decreased from 2009 to 2018. The expansion of pasture-based ecological spaces is important for improving the quality of the eco-environment, and the reduction of forest ecological space strongly influences the deterioration of the eco-environment. (3) Resource base, historical level of utilization, suitability of land, the ecological value potentiality, and regional policies greatly affected land use function transition and its eco-environment. (4) Refining the planning of territorial space, comprehensively improving land and resources, and reforming the rural land system greatly influenced policy guidance and technical regulation for coordinating “production-living-ecological” spaces and improving the regional eco-environment. In this study, we tested the effect of regional policy regulation on land use function transition and provided a reference for coordinating “production-living-ecological” spaces.
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Liu, Ziyi, Xinyao Ma, Lihui Hu, Yong Liu, Shan Lu, Huilin Chen, and Zhe Tan. "Nonlinear Cooling Effect of Street Green Space Morphology: Evidence from a Gradient Boosting Decision Tree and Explainable Machine Learning Approach." Land 11, no. 12 (December 6, 2022): 2220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11122220.
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Mitigation of the heat island effect is critical due to the frequency of extremely hot weather. Urban street greening can achieve this mitigation and improve the quality of urban spaces and people’s welfare. However, a clear definition of street green space morphology is lacking, and the nonlinear mechanism of its cooling effect is still unclear; the interaction between street green space morphology and the surrounding built environment has not been investigated. This study used machine learning, deep learning, and computer vision methods to predict land surface temperature based on street green space morphology and the surrounding built environment. The performances of the XGBoost, LightGBM, and CatBoost models were then compared, and the nonlinear cooling effects offered by the street green space morphology were analyzed using the Shapley method. The results show that streets with a high level of green environment exposure (GVI > 0.4, NDVI > 4) can accommodate more types of green space morphology while maintaining the cooling effect. Additionally, the proportion of vegetation with simple geometry (FI < 0.2), large leaves (FD < 0.65), light-colored leaves (CSI > 13), and high leaf density (TDE > 3) should be increased in streets with a low level of green environment exposure (GVI < 0.1, NDVI < 2.5). Meanwhile, streets with highly variable building heights (AFI > 1.5) or large areas covered by buildings (BC > 0.3) should increase large leaf vegetation (FD < 0.65) while decreasing dark leaf vegetation (CSI < 13). The study uses machine learning methods to construct a nonlinear cooling benefit model for street green space morphology, proposes design recommendations for different street green spaces that consider climate adaptation, and provides a reference for urban thermal environment regulation.
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Okumura, Teppei, Hideto Mashidori, Masato Takahashi, Jiro Harada, Yohsuke Hagiwara, and Kazuhiro Toyoda. "Temperature Effect on Primary Discharge Under Simulated Space Plasma Environment." IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 40, no. 2 (February 2012): 345–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tps.2011.2173214.
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Chumakov, A. I., A. L. Vasil’ev, A. A. Kozlov, D. O. Kol’tsov, A. V. Krinitskii, A. A. Pechenkin, A. S. Tararaksin, and A. V. Yanenko. "Single-event-effect prediction for ICs in a space environment." Russian Microelectronics 39, no. 2 (March 2010): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063739710020022.
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Yan, Jvfen, Peng Shang, De Zheng, Yuanyuan Dong, Jun Mao, Suping Wang, Xin Liu, and Shulin Yang. "Effect of Simulated Space Gravity Environment on Gibberella moniliformis EZG0807." Current Microbiology 64, no. 5 (February 21, 2012): 469–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00284-012-0097-4.
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Gubby, Robin, and John Evans. "Space environment effects and satellite design." Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 64, no. 16 (November 2002): 1723–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1364-6826(02)00122-0.
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Siramkaya, Suheyla Buyuksahin, and Dicle Aydin. "The effect of spatial configuration on social interaction: a syntactic evaluation of a faculty building." Global Journal of Arts Education 7, no. 3 (December 29, 2017): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjae.v7i3.2893.
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The properties of physical environment affect the psychological processes of the individuals and groups using that environment and their socialization with their environment. Every physical environment includes the existence of a social environment and every social environment includes the existence of a physical environment; because socialization is one of the basic human needs. The fulfillment of this basic requirement is possible when the spaces are designed in a way to have properties giving opportunities to social interaction. Among education spaces faculty buildings are social environments giving opportunity to young people to socialize, share interests, have relation with each other, develop the relationship within groups and belonging feelings. Social behaviors, social interactions and gathering areas of students in faculty buildings are important issues from the point of architectural programming and architectural design performance. This study is depended on the evaluation of social environments in faculty buildings considering the students’ social interactions upon the selected faculty building. In the scope of this evaluation long term observations directed at the determination of students social interactions and gathering areas will be done, the plan of the building will be analyzed through Syntax 2D and as a result the effect of the spatial configuration on social interaction will be evaluated.
Keywords: Space syntax, environment-human behaviour, spatial configuration, social interaction, faculty buildings.
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Mirmoradi, Seyedeh Somayeh. "The Effect of the Relationship between Indoor Architectural Design Studios and Outdoor Landscape on Increasing Students’ Satisfaction Level." International Journal of Built Environment and Sustainability 8, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/ijbes.v8.n1.585.
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The environmental factors in the educational spaces along with the other factors affect the teaching and learning process. One of the characteristics of environmental space is the type of relationship of each space with its outdoor space. This factor is more important, especially in the spaces where students spend long hours such as architectural design studios. Nowadays, outdoor spaces in academic environments provide functions like accessing to closed spaces and various buildings and creating their relationship. In this regard, the visual function is considered as another important function, which is often overlooked and less considered and created by the outdoor environments for indoor closed spaces. The main question is related to whether the type of the relationship between the closed space of the architectural design studio and the outdoor natural space is considered as an important factor in achieving students’ satisfaction with long hours working in this space based on the attention restoration theory or not. The present study aimed to examine the effect of the relationship between the indoor spaces of architectural design studios and outdoor environment on increasing students’ satisfaction. This research was conducted by combining the quantitative and qualitative methods. The population included 65 students majoring in architecture, who experienced designing classes in all three studied studios. This research compared three architectural design studios with different conditions of proximity and outward view. The research data were analyzed with SPSS software. The results indicated that the open and diverse outdoor natural landscape was more effective factor in increasing students’ satisfaction rather than among the various factors influencing the type of relationship between the studios and the outdoor space. Accordingly, designing the university landscape from the indoor closed spaces should be considered more, especially in spaces such as studios due to the long hours of attending and working of students.
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Gong, Yilu, Xueming Li, He Liu, and Yu Li. "The Spatial Pattern and Mechanism of Thermal Environment in Urban Blocks from the Perspective of Green Space Fractal." Buildings 13, no. 3 (February 21, 2023): 574. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13030574.
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Land resources in cities are limited, and the cost of green space construction is high. Compared with increasing the amount of green space, maximizing the cooling effect of limited green space has important theoretical and practical significance. Green fractal is a new innovative branch of urban fractal that uses a fractal index to quantify the green space structural index in studying the thermal environmental effect. Multi-source data, such as high-resolution remote sensing images, were used, and spatial regression models and inconsistency indices were applied to explore the spatial pattern of the urban thermal environment at the block scale, and the mechanism of green space fractal characteristics in terms of correlation and spatial heterogeneity, to assess the quality of green space development. This study shows the following: (1) In 2019, the land surface temperature in Dalian formed a spatial distribution structure of “high in the central region and low in the surrounding region” at the block scale, and the fractal indices of different green spaces show the spatial distribution structure of “dual-core” and “multi-core” spaces. (2) The driving direction and force of the fractal index of green space on the spatial pattern of land surface temperature differs. The influence of the green space structure index (grid and boundary dimensions) is greater than that of the quantity index (area and circumference), and the influence of the grid dimension is the most significant. (3) The spatial heterogeneity between the fractal index of block-scale green space and land surface temperature in Dalian is significant, showing a centralized and contiguous spatial pattern, with a trapezoidal structure decreasing from north to south. (4) The spatial adaptation between the fractal and thermal environments of green spaces can be evaluated using the inconsistency index. The development quality of green space can be divided into three types: advanced, relative coordination, and lagged green spaces. Finally, this study proposes specific suggestions for the development of block-scale green spaces and thermal environment management in Dalian City.
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Yadegari, Zohre, and Behnoud Alinaghi. "The effect of introversion and Extroverts of individuals in the socialization of public space." Technium Social Sciences Journal 3, no. 1 (January 22, 2020): 82–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v3i1.80.
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Urban architects and designers have been trying to create life in the public space for many years. One way to make space dynamic is to consider socialization. Public space requires socialization and require people to be present in the environment. This study identifies the way to socialization by creating a sense of belonging in space, by exploring a sense of belonging in space; he improve the quality of public space. It expresses a sense of belonging to individual needs such as introverted and extroverted traits. This research starts its work by basic question that they are looking in public space. The purpose of this study is to investigate the concepts of introversion and extroversion as factors affecting the quality of public space. After reviewing these studies, criteria and principles for the socialization of public spaces are outlined. The results of the authors' studies showed that to create a space for personality needs, one should have space with approaches such as: Space for energy depletion, space, diversity in the environment and high quality of space for long-term use. Space tranquility for group activities are also essential. And for designers who value the perpetuation of identity and, these components offer design solutions.
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Wang, Min, Haoyang Song, Wen Zhu, and Yuncai Wang. "The Cooling Effects of Landscape Configurations of Green–Blue Spaces in Urban Waterfront Community." Atmosphere 14, no. 5 (May 5, 2023): 833. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos14050833.
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Optimizing the configuration of green–blue spaces is crucial in mitigating the urban heat island effect. However, many existing studies neglect to consider the synergistic cooling effect of green–blue space and its spatial comparison, focusing instead on individual ecological elements of green space or water bodies. Additionally, the relative importance of different configuration indicators and their marginal effects on the cooling effect of green–blue space remain unclear, with an identified need for the quantification of indicator thresholds for maximizing the cooling effect. To address these gaps, this study investigated green–blue spaces in 30 urban waterfront communities located in Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province, China, and measured the scale, distribution, morphology, green–blue relationship, and built environment of these spaces. To determine the cooling effect, maximum air temperature and mean cold island intensity were measured using ENVI-met simulations. Correlation analyses and boosted regression trees (BRT) were utilized to identify the configuration indicators that affect the cooling effect and their action threshold. The results show that green space distribution and water body shape are the most important features affecting the maximum air temperature, with green space patch density (PD) and water landscape shape index (LSI) contributing 21.3% and 20.9% to the reduction in temperature, while the thresholds are 550 and 4.2, respectively. The contribution of green–blue space percentage is critical in raising urban cold island intensity, with threshold effects at 43%. These findings provide practical guidance for the efficient exploitation of the synergistic cooling effects of green–blue space and enhancement of climate resilience in coastal cities.
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Azzam Mahmood, Nada, and Asmaa Mohammed Hussain. "Hidden Rhythm in Residential Units with the Everyday Human Activity Residential Units in Aadhamiyah as A Case Study." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.20 (November 28, 2018): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.20.25914.
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Meaning of home has been changed through time in relating human connection to his environment. We can notice the gap from the traditional models of housing to the modern models regarding the concept of house. The research aims and trying to explore the nature of this relationship and the transformations took place in changing the meaning of home. As a result, the main research problem has been identified as "lack of knowledge regarding the relationship between daily life rhythm and residential spaces today and the effect of physical space on human rhythm and its relation with the environment ". The research goals aim to identify residential spaces raises according to daily life experience and daily rhythm to get environments that sustain space feeling and continuity of residential units with the humanity of today, the research hypotheses addressed as:Hidden rhythm of daily life reinforces human being with his environment through sustaining interactive spaces. The research suspected two types of rhythms: the first is Isorythmic Eurhmia rhythms that sustain interactive spaces; the second is Arrhythmia rhythms that lead to repellant unlivable spaces. The research finds traditional modes of sheltering corresponded with nature’s rhythms at the same time, evoked rich patterns of social rhythms with healthy interactive spaces reaching to Isorythmic Eurhmia rhythms by harmonious synchronization of different rhythms interact with the environment, dilvers locality, identity and social interaction. While modern houses fail to accommodate changing needs producing arrhythmia rhythms with isolation and disinterest behaviors contradicting with nature's rhythm, have spatial control that achieves universality and restrict relationship between time space and human activities inside the space.
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Moore, Jesse, Peng Jin, Anthony Briggs, Diana Grisby, Azizi Seixas, and Girardin Jean-Louis. "0617 Association Between Green, Blue, and Open Spaces and Sleep Health in a Black Population: An Analysis of the MetSO Dataset." Sleep 45, Supplement_1 (May 25, 2022): A270—A271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsac079.614.
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Abstract Introduction Blacks have a high burden of poor sleep health outcomes. Environmental determinants, such as green space or open environments, represent an underexplored contributor to sleep burden among Blacks. The extent these environmental factors affect sleep health outcomes within this population has not been adequately explored. To fill this gap in the literature, we investigated associations between environmental factors and sleep outcomes among Blacks in a large urban city. Objectives included (1) examine if zip-code derived open spaces (defined as proportion of open space in residential area,) green spaces (defined as open tree coverage of the ground) and blue spaces (proportion of water space) sleep apnea risk, and insomnia symptoms; (2) Examine if open, blue, and green spaces predict sleep outcomes independent of sex, age, and education level. Methods Our study used data from the Metabolic Syndrome Cohort Study (2009-2014), a studythat examined behavioral intervention methods to improve sleep apnea outcomes among Blacks. Sleep Apnea was assessed with the ARES (apnea risk) scale and insomnia status was collected through self-report (“Do you have difficulty staying/falling asleep or waking up?”) in a subset of 344 participants. Logistic regression analyses were performed to predict the effect green, blue, and open spaces had on sleep outcomes. To account for within zip-code correlation, mixed effects models (unadjusted and adjusted) account for sex, age, and education were considered. Results We found that none of the green, blue, or open space variables predicted sleep outcomes in the unadjusted model. In adjusted models, green space predicted sleep apnea risk scores, (OR=1.03, P<.05), but not insomnia. Conclusion Our study examined the extent which green, blue, and open spaces predicted insomnia and sleep apnea in urban blacks. We found that only green spaces were associated with sleep apnea, and none of our environmental variables predicted insomnia. Given the large amount of literature detailing a complex and multifactorial process on how environment affects sleep outcomes, our findings suggest that the link between urban environments, green spaces, and sleep outcomes may not be as definitive as they seem. Further research should explore the differential effect environment has on diverse populations’ sleep outcomes. Support (If Any) NIH R01HL142066, R01HL095799, RO1MD004113, R01HL152453
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Zhang, Jianxin, Shenqiang Jiang, Jingyuan Zhao, and Xuan Ma. "Spatial Identification, Prevention and Control of Epidemics in High-Rise Residential Areas Based on Wind Environments." Atmosphere 14, no. 2 (January 19, 2023): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos14020205.
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The wind environment in residential areas can exert a direct or indirect influence on the spread of epidemics, with some scholars paying particular attention to the epidemic prevention and control of residential areas from the perspective of wind environments. As a result, it is urgent to re-examine the epidemic prevention response of residential spaces. Taking high-rise residential areas in Xi’an as an example, the article defines the air flow field area based on on-site wind environment measurements, crowd behavior annotation, and CFD simulation. Using the double-effect superposition of crowd behavior and risk space, the paper undertook a multiple identification strategy of epidemic prevention space. The identification methods and management and control strategies of epidemic prevention in high-rise residential areas are proposed. Additionally, the living environment of residential areas is optimized, and a healthy residential space is created. The transformation from concept and calls for action to space implementation is made to provide a reference for improving the space management and control capabilities in high-rise residential areas in China. The results of this study can be used as a guideline for future residential planning and design from the perspective of preventing airborne diseases.
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Tsuda, Yoshinori, and Iiji Ogawa. "The Effect of Human's Living Body and Motion on Space Environment." Japanese journal of ergonomics 33, Supplement (1997): 130–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5100/jje.33.supplement_130.
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Ahmad, R. A., and S. Boraas. "External tank chill effect on the space transportation system launchpad environment." Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 28, no. 3 (May 1991): 306–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.26245.
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Xu, Bin, Zhancheng Wu, and Pei Zhang. "Study on effect of space environment on surface charging of spacecraft." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 418 (March 22, 2013): 012042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/418/1/012042.
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YOSHIDA, Yukiko, Sohei TSUJIMURA, Seiya TANIMURA, Nanami SUGIMURA, and Satoru KUNO. "PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECT OF VISUAL AND SOUND ENVIRONMENT ON BIOPHILIC SPACE DESIGN." Journal of Environmental Engineering (Transactions of AIJ) 88, no. 809 (July 1, 2023): 565–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aije.88.565.
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Furukawa, Satoshi, Aiko Nagamatsu, Mitsuru Nenoi, Akira Fujimori, Shizuko Kakinuma, Takanori Katsube, Bing Wang, et al. "Space Radiation Biology for “Living in Space”." BioMed Research International 2020 (April 8, 2020): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4703286.
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Space travel has advanced significantly over the last six decades with astronauts spending up to 6 months at the International Space Station. Nonetheless, the living environment while in outer space is extremely challenging to astronauts. In particular, exposure to space radiation represents a serious potential long-term threat to the health of astronauts because the amount of radiation exposure accumulates during their time in space. Therefore, health risks associated with exposure to space radiation are an important topic in space travel, and characterizing space radiation in detail is essential for improving the safety of space missions. In the first part of this review, we provide an overview of the space radiation environment and briefly present current and future endeavors that monitor different space radiation environments. We then present research evaluating adverse biological effects caused by exposure to various space radiation environments and how these can be reduced. We especially consider the deleterious effects on cellular DNA and how cells activate DNA repair mechanisms. The latest technologies being developed, e.g., a fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator, to measure real-time cell cycle progression and DNA damage caused by exposure to ultraviolet radiation are presented. Progress in examining the combined effects of microgravity and radiation to animals and plants are summarized, and our current understanding of the relationship between psychological stress and radiation is presented. Finally, we provide details about protective agents and the study of organisms that are highly resistant to radiation and how their biological mechanisms may aid developing novel technologies that alleviate biological damage caused by radiation. Future research that furthers our understanding of the effects of space radiation on human health will facilitate risk-mitigating strategies to enable long-term space and planetary exploration.
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Reznichenko, S. I. "Psychotherapeutic Living Space for the Elderly: The Psychological Basis." Клиническая и специальная психология 6, no. 4 (2017): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/cpse.2017060401.
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The article is devoted to the problem of designing a psychologically comfortable living environment for seniors. On the example of foreign studies, the necessity of an integrated and scientifically grounded approach to formation of supportive home and institutional environments for elderly people is argued. The basic principles of creation of a healthy physical environment that stimulates social activity and emotional and physical comfort for the elderly are provided: providing sensory comfort, taking into account the activity and preferences of older people, accessibility, plasticity and security of the environment, balance of personal and common spaces, "home design" and a number of others. Modern architectural and design solutions and their therapeutic effect on psychological health of the elderly are considered.
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Noordzij, J. Mark, Marielle A. Beenackers, Joost Oude Groeniger, and Frank J. Van Lenthe. "Effect of changes in green spaces on mental health in older adults: a fixed effects analysis." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 74, no. 1 (October 19, 2019): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2019-212704.
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BackgroundUrban green spaces have been linked to different health benefits, but longitudinal studies on the effect of green spaces on mental health are sparse and evidence often inconclusive. Our objective was to study the effect of changes in green spaces in the residential environment on changes in mental health using data with 10 years of follow-up (2004–2014).MethodsData from 3175 Dutch adults were linked to accessibility and availability measures of green spaces at three time points (2004/2011/2014). Mental health was measured with the Mental Health Inventory-5. Fixed effects analyses were performed to assess the effect of changes in green spaces on mental health.ResultsCross-sectional analysis of baseline data showed significant associations between Euclidean distances to the nearest green space and mental health, with an increase of 100 m correlating with a lower mental health score of approximately 0.5 (95% CI −0.87 to −0.12) on a 0–100 scale. Fixed effects models showed no evidence for associations between changes in green spaces and changes in mental health both for the entire sample as well as for those that did not relocate during follow-up.ConclusionsDespite observed cross-sectional correlations between the accessibility of green space in the residential environment and mental health, no evidence was found for an association between changes in green spaces and changes in mental health. If mental health and green spaces are indeed causally linked, then changes in green spaces in the Eindhoven area between 2004 and 2014 are not enough to produce a significant effect.
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Li, Dawei, and Junhong Wang. "Effect of Antenna Parameters on the Field Coverage in Tunnel Environments." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8180124.
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Radio wave propagation in confined spaces is consequent upon the reflections of boundaries; thus, the radiation characteristics of the antenna have significant influence on the field coverage in the confined space. This paper investigates the effects of antenna parameters on field coverage characteristics in a tunnel environment. A modified modal method is proposed to analyse the wave propagation properties along the tunnel. The relationships between the amplitudes of modes and the antenna parameters, including the beam width, beam direction, and antenna location, are analysed. The results indicate that by properly selecting the antenna parameters, optimum field coverage in tunnel environments can be realized.
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Heynderickx, D., B. Quaghebeur, J. Wera, E. J. Daly, and H. D. R. Evans. "New radiation environment and effects models in the European Space Agency's Space Environment Information System (SPENVIS)." Space Weather 2, no. 10 (October 2004): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004sw000073.
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Du, Xiao Ping, Ji Guang Zhao, and Gang Tao Hao. "Analyzingand Modeling on Space Environment Effects Equivalence." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 3831–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.3831.
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A novel space environment effects equivalence model used for space optical detection is proposed in this paper. In this model, the effects on the space optical detection system are equivalent to defocus, image motion, vibration and noise. Besides, the equivalent modulation transfer function of the space optical detection system is presented. The proposed model can avoid analyzing so many space influence factors at the same time. Moreover, the model can provide some basis to determine the parameters of the detection system which are difficult to measure. Some numerical simulations are made to test the validity and capability of the proposed model.
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Zhang, Ping, Qianyi He, Zexuan Chen, Xi Li, and Jun Ma. "An Empirical Study on the Promotion of Students’ Physiological and Psychological Recovery in Green Space on Campuses in the Post-Epidemic Era." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010151.
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Human health is closely related to the environment; a relaxing and pleasant landscape environment can make people feel less stressed and more energetic. To investigate the restorative potential of landscape types and landscape elements in the post-epidemic era from the perspective of visual perception, this study selected Sichuan Agricultural University’s Laoban hill, Jiuqu bridge, and the ginkgo garden to carry out physiological and psychological measurement experiments with college students. Research results on the psycho-biological and perceptual recovery vary with the types of landscape spaces. The results of the physiological data showed that all three space types had no significant effect on the recovery of blood pressure and heart rate; Laoban hill and Jiuqu bridge had some impact on concentration, while the ginkgo garden had no significant effect; and all three space types had some effect on the relaxation of the subjects’ mental state. The results of the psychological data showed that the subjects’ emotions were significantly improved in the three different landscape space types. The space with the strongest restorative effect on negative emotions was the ginkgo garden, followed by Jiuqu bridge and Laoban hill. The spaces with the strongest restorative potential for positive emotions were Jiuqu bridge and the ginkgo garden, followed by Laoban hill. The results of the perceptual restoration data showed that the Laoban hill space had the most effective restorative potential on the human body, followed by Jiuqu bridge, with the ginkgo garden having the least effective restorative potential. The results of the study on the difference between the aesthetic preference of different landscape elements and the perception restorative effect of a space showed that “the harmony between artificial structures such as garden pieces and the environment”, “plant species”, “waterscape state”, and “boundary clarity” were identified as significant landscape elements with perception-restorative effects. These findings summarize campus landscape types and elements with optimal restorative potential. In the future, in campus landscape design—an active approach with a scientific combination and configuration of campus landscape types and elements—can provide a feasible solution to enhance the potential of campus landscape restorative effects.
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Wang, Jinyao, and Xinming Jia. "Construction Technology and Strategy of Natural Light Environment in Urban Underground Space." Frontiers Research of Architecture and Engineering 1, no. 1 (January 31, 2018): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.30564/frae.v1i1.2.
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In underground space, daylighting plays an important role in increasing the spacious sense, improving the ventilation effect, and more importantly, reducing the negative visual and psychological effects brought by the underground space, such as enclosed monotony, unknown direction and isolation. In this paper, the technical means of utilizing natural light in underground space were elaborated from the two aspects of passive daylighting method and active daylighting method, aiming to bring natural light into the underground as much as possible so as to fully satisfy people's longing for nature for those who work and live in the underground space.
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Lv, Mei, Huiyun Wang, Litao Wang, Fandong Kong, Tingmei Wang, and Qihua Wang. "The effect of space irradiation on the lubricating performance of perfluoropolyether greases in simulated space environment." Lubrication Science 29, no. 8 (June 26, 2017): 567–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ls.1390.
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Al-Kindy, Sajida Kadum. "The Effect of Spatial Organization on the Sustainability of the Neighborhood Unit in the Residential Environment." Journal of Engineering 18, no. 2 (May 16, 2023): 19–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2012.02.10.
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Contemporary residential neighborhoods suffer from weak sustainability of urban residential environments as a result of the adoption of inefficient spatial organization at the neighborhood unit level. This resulted negative characteristics which affected the achievement of sustainable development plans for the residential environment that constitute the majority of the urban fabric of cities.
The physical affordances ,within the vocabulary of recent times,overcame the spiritual ones and affected the residential environment. Accordingly,the concept of space changed in contemporary residential areas through the dominance of the physical aspect (mass) on the symbolic aspect (space).The modern technology occupied an important level being one of the basic features of the era. Therefore, achieving sustainability at the urban level of the residential environment requires an efficient spatial organization which ensures the linking of urban space with the surroundings, and the new services together with the basic ones that need maintenance and rehabilitation.
The weak sustainability of the built residential environment constitutes the main research problem. This problem results from the inefficiency of space organization at the neighborhood unit level. The research aims to establish spatial organized mechanisms at the neighborhood unit level that would achieve sustainability through the investment of sustainable factors of traditional residential environment in the planning and design of modern neighborhood,as well as the adoption of human design strategies to raise the efficiency of spatial organization.The research stems for a hypothesis that states (the efficient spatial organization at the neighborhood unit level produces a sustainable urban environment at the level of larger residential neighborhood).
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Degeler, Viktoriya, and Alexander Lazovik. "Dynamic Constraint Satisfaction with Space Reduction in Smart Environments." International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools 23, no. 06 (December 2014): 1460027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218213014600276.
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A scalable, reactive and easy to evolve reasoning mechanism is essential for the success of automated smart environments, augmented with a large number of sensors and actuators. While constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) model is applicable for modelling decision making in such environments, the straightforward representation of the model as a CSP leads to a great number of excessive calculations. In this paper, we propose a method of modelling the task as a Dynamic CSP in a way that avoids unnecessary recalculations with new events in the environment. We present a Dependency Graph data structure, which not only allows to reduce CSP search space for every consecutive sensor event by detecting only affected parts of the environment, but also allows to give enough information to users of the system to specify the exact reasons of system's decisions, even with a large number of constraints. We formally prove that partial recalculation of affected parts still keeps the full environment globally satisfied and globally optimal. The evaluation of the system in the living lab showed real-time responses for all events. Additional simulated performance experiments showed that the Dependency Graph approach consistently outperforms the straightforward CSP representation. The experiments also showed that the clusterization of the environment has a noticeable effect on the performance, with highly clusterized environments requiring less computations.
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Song, Xiaoyun, Zheyu Wang, Xue Meng, and Minghao Liu. "A Qualitative Study on University Students’ Restorative Experience of the Library Space Environment." Buildings 14, no. 6 (June 3, 2024): 1641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14061641.
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Currently, university students are facing high levels of stress and negativity. Creating a campus learning environment that promotes students’ physical and mental health and well-being has become a key focus of current research. There is now a wealth of research proving that the natural attributes of learning spaces are highly restorative for university students, both physically and mentally. In order to comprehensively clarify the characteristics of the library spatial environment that has a restorative effect on university students, this paper conducted semi-structured interviews with 50 university students and thematically analyzed the data obtained from these interviews. Ultimately, we identified five key themes: (1) Being away: students believe that studying alone is a way to escape social pressures, immersing themselves in their studies helps them forget everything around them, and the view from the window creates a sense of detachment; (2) Extent: students perceive the design of the library space as rich and orderly; (3) Fascination: many elements of the library spatial environment appeal to them and make them feel energized. The overall atmosphere motivates them to engage more actively in their learning; (4) Compatibility: the library spatial environment provides a variety of facilities that meet their learning needs, along with various types of spaces catering for different behaviors; and (5) Biophilia: Many interviewees mentioned the benefits of natural environments and timber, as well as their preference for spaces with a sufficient sense of enclosure and the ability to observe others. The first four themes were found to be closely related to the Attention Restorative Theory during the course of the study, while the last theme was mentioned by most of the students. The results of this study prove that library spaces can be described as restorative environments in the same way as natural environments, with both physical and mental restorative effects. Furthermore, the results of this study can also provide certain ideas for the design and renovation of the internal spatial environment of university libraries.
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Ganna, Kononenko. "VISUAL COMFORT ASSESSMENT MATRIX LIGHT ENVIRONMENT OPEN PUBLIC SPACE." Vìsnik Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu "Lʹvìvsʹka polìtehnìka". Serìâ Arhìtektura 4, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 95–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/sa2022.01.095.
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The visual comfort of artificial lighting of open public spaces is an important factor in the sustainable operation of the city. The rapid development of innovations in the field of lighting of the architectural environment has significantly increased the tourist and recreational attractiveness of many cities around the world. However, along with the positive changes, the phenomenon of “light pollution” is a growing concern, a term used to describe excessive artificial night lighting, especially in large urban areas. The effect of light pollution is very noticeable in densely populated cities in Europe, East Asia and North America. All this can have adverse effects on human health. This problem is mainly related to the excessive and uncontrolled "capture" of city lights, advertising media panels, the work of improperly designed street lighting, lighting of stadiums, construction sites, lighting of facades and public spaces. Until now, there is no really effective policy that would solve the problem of light "pollution" of the city [2]. To date, unfortunately, there are no serious government programs and effective plans aimed at regulating the growing light pressure on urban residents. At the same time, visual culture is today one of the main means of human self-identification, and the architect, given this, must have the maximum means and opportunities to create the most effective and consumer-friendly visual solutions. Given this, the study created a hierarchical structure of factors that form the main parameters of visual comfort associated with artificial lighting of public spaces of the city. The purpose of the article is to systematize the factors related to the visual comfort of artificial lighting of open public spaces (PUBLIC SPACE) of the city, which allow to assess the impact of light characteristics of the visible environment on the assessment of its visual comfort.
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Schmock,, Barbara Nabreski, Diane M. Breckenridge,, and Karen Benedict,. "Effect of Sacred Space Environment on Surgical Patient Outcomes: A Pilot Study." International Journal of Human Caring 13, no. 1 (February 2009): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.20467/1091-5710.13.1.49.
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This study’s purpose was to create an alternative to the traditional environment for surgical patients in the operating room (OR). Acaring-healing environment with nurse caring behaviors was designed according to Watson’s theory of human caring. Aposttest only design with comparison group was employed. The sacred space environment combined soft lighting, warmth, selected music, and an art mural in an OR. Data were collected on 50 patients in the comparison group and 50 patients in the experimental group using the Sacred Space Assessment Instrument. Results showed that a statistically significant difference existed when perception of sacred space and perception of nurse caring were compared by group. However, no statistically significant difference resulted on patient satisfaction by group.
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Belkayali, Nur. "Effect of Smell in Historical Environments." New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences 4, no. 11 (December 28, 2017): 297–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/prosoc.v4i11.2885.
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Smell is an obscure composition in the space planning and design processes, while visual and audial aspects are more dominant. Smell has an important place in the preference of the place, is an important factor affecting people in terms of sociological, psychological and bioclimatic comforts, although it differs from person to person. In this study, the existence of natural and artificial smell sources in historical environments and the effect of the smell of the preference of these environments were investigated. The study was carried out in historical sites located in the urban site in the centre of Kastamonu province. The study emphasises that in the process of space planning and design, smell should be evaluated together with other senses. Also, attempts have been made to determine the contribution of the sources of smell to historical places, which has an important position for urban identity. Keywords: Smell, perception, historical environment.
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Ma, Jinhui, and Haijing Huang. "Analysis of Thermal Environment of Waterfront Space in Summer in Mountain City: A case study in Chongqing, China." E3S Web of Conferences 396 (2023): 05003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339605003.
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A crucial component of the urban ecology, waterfront space plays a key role in mitigating the urban heat island effect. However, waterfront spaces in mountain cities differ greatly from those in plain cities in terms of spatial form and environmental factors. Accordingly, it is urgent to study and improve the thermal environment of waterfront spaces in mountain cities. According to the spatial morphological characteristics and shading means of the waterfront space in Chongqing, a typical mountain city in China, the summer thermal environment of the waterfront space has been studied through field measurements. The outdoor thermal environment factors assessed include air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and mean radiation temperature. The results showed that the cooling effect was more significant at 1 m from the water's edge and decreased as the elevation increased. Air temperature and humidity showed a clear stratification characteristic with increasing elevation. At the same time, viaduct-shading was the most effective way of reducing heat stress, followed by the combined shading of sun sails with building-shading, while tree-shading was the least. This study offers basic data for further study and optimization of shading strategies for waterfront spaces in mountain communities.
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Tang, Jennifer Y. M., Cheryl Chui, Tuen Yi Chiu, Rebecca Chiu, Vivian W. Lou, Michael Tse, Angela Y. M. Leung, and Terry Lum. "THE ROLE OF SENSE OF COMMUNITY IN CHANGING THE HEALTH-PROMOTING EFFECT OF BUILT ENVIRONMENT: A COMMUNITY SURVEY." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S278—S279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1031.
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Abstract Previous research that studies the impact of built environment on health often attribute the enabling effects of environment on physical activity participation and opportunities for social interaction. Few studies have explored how the role of subjective feeling, such as the feeling of connectedness with the community, affects the association between built environment and physical and mental health. We conducted a cross-sectional survey with 2,247 residents aged 50 years or above in five districts in Hong Kong. We tested the mediation effect of sense of community in the relationship between physical environment and health using the path analysis. We administered a questionnaire to assess the residents’ perceived age-friendliness of outdoor spaces and buildings in the district. We used the Brief Sense of Community Scale and the 12-item Short-form Health Survey to measure sense of community and physical and mental health. We found that age-friendliness of outdoor spaces was modestly correlated with mental health (r = 0.10, P < 0.001) but not with physical health (r = 0.02, P = 0.4), whereas age-friendliness of buildings correlated with both (r = 0.05, P = 0.01; r = 0.06, P = 0.004). Sense of community mediated 25.9% of the total effect between outdoor space and physical health, 20.4% between outdoor space and mental health, and 42.5% between service and building on physical health. To conclude, sense of community was a partial mediator of the environment-health relationship. Future design of built environment should take into consideration its potential influence on sense of community and health.
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Holler, Marcel, Guenter Mussbach, Alexander Weigand, Robin Putzar, Axel Ringeisen, Karl Wieland Naumann, and Ferran Valencia Bel. "COPING WITH SPACE ENVIRONMENT: TESTING SOLID PROPELLANTS FOR IN-ORBIT USE." International Journal of Energetic Materials and Chemical Propulsion 22, no. 5 (2023): 45–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/intjenergeticmaterialschemprop.v22.i5.30.
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The results of a risk reduction study are presented, proving the suitability of solid rocket motors (SRMs) to de-orbit satellites at the end of their lifetime. In a risk reduction program, three basic unexplored questions regarding this technological approach were investigated: (1) what are the effects of the size and type of particles ejected during the operation of SRMs; (2) what is the effect of the micrometeoroid impact on the solid propellant; and (3) what are the effects of prolonged exposure to space radiation during the 20-year expected satellite lifetime of satellites? Using a series of sophisticated and newly developed research approaches, it was shown that solid rocket propellants can withstand harsh space conditions over an extensive period of time. All of the tests were performed using a well-established, metal-free high-performance ammonium perchlorate/hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene propellant fully qualified by military standards.
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Zhang, Tongtong, Xiaojun Zhou, Zhongsheng Zhang, and Fei Qu. "Research on the Influence Mechanism of Outdoor Wind Environment on Indoor Smoke Exhaust Efficiency in the Super-High-Rise Tower Crown Based on Airpak Simulation." Atmosphere 14, no. 6 (June 19, 2023): 1048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos14061048.
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The high wind pressure and velocity of the outdoor environment make super-high-rise tower crown space distinct from general tall through space. This segregation causes the crown space to be particularly prone to smoke short-circuiting influenced by the outside wind environment if a fire occurs indoors, and causes deficient smoke exhaust efficiency in a fire. The goal of this study was to investigate the general principle regarding the effect of the outdoor wind environment on smoke exhaust efficiency of such spaces under the crown space. We measured external wind direction and wind pressure in the smoke exhaust in the tower crown and developed setting plans for the exhaust outlets and make-up air inlet. Airpak was used to create the external wind environment and compare simulations to see if smoke short-circuiting occurred. We analyzed the causes, summarized solutions that did not result in short-circuiting of smoke flow, and made adjustments. We provide an ideal plan for the setting direction and vent velocity of the make-up air inlet and exhaust outlet in the crown spaces of super-tall towers to improve the design of smoke exhaust systems in such spaces.
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Zheng, Haohua, Lingying Liu, Qi Zhang, Yihan Wang, and Yangyang Wei. "Children’s Hospital Environment Design Based on AHP/QFD and Other Theoretical Models." Buildings 14, no. 6 (May 22, 2024): 1499. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14061499.
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Spatial environmental factors can effectively alleviate children’s fear of the medical environment when they seek medical treatment. This study focuses on the special environmental space of a children’s hospital, thoroughly considering the emotional needs of and the therapeutic effects on children as a unique group during medical treatment. By analyzing the existing design of children’s hospital environments, this research actively explores more suitable environmental design solutions for children’s healthcare settings. This study summarizes the user demand factors of children’s hospital environmental space design through field research and analysis interviews and calculates the weight indicators of user demand through AHP hierarchical analysis. On this basis, based on the QFD theoretical model, user needs are transformed into technical needs, and a house of quality is drawn to judge the conflicting needs through the positive and negative correlations between the factors. Finally, the forty invention principles of the TRIZ innovation theory are used to propose a solution to the environmental space program of children’s hospitals to obtain the optimal solution to the environmental space design effect. This study shows that incorporating theoretical models of AHP, QFD, and TRIZ into the environmental space design of children’s hospitals can improve and optimize the environmental space of children’s hospitals, and the example of a children’s hospital can be designed to meet children’s emotional needs according to this model. A series of interesting innovative practices, such as personalized digital information diagnosis and treatment, interesting visual guidance, and the implicit healing effect of color, can be realized. The aim is to create a modern, child-friendly medical environment that not only meets medical functional requirements but also effectively alleviates the stress of pediatric patients during diagnosis and treatment. This study preliminarily verifies the scientificity and rationality of the entire design process and provides a reference for the design practices of children’s hospital environments.
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Harrison, Tom. "Taking Liberties: The Influence of the Architectural and Ideological Space of the Hope Theatre on Jonson's Bartholomew Fair." Ben Jonson Journal 24, no. 1 (May 2017): 73–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/bjj.2017.0180.
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The performance of Bartholomew Fair at the Hope Theatre in 1614 was the play's first and only recorded public performance in Jonson's lifetime, and the playtext still bears the stamp of this theatrical debut. Using the spatial theories of Foucault, de Certeau, and Lefebvre, I suggest that Jonson takes advantage of the liminal spaces of his performance venue, the ideologically ambiguous space of the Liberty that contained it, as well as his play's fictive setting (the Fair itself), to pass comment on the more ideologically solid and austere environment of the City of London. I also argue that in some ways this first performance can be read as ‘proto-site-specific,’ inasmuch as the play relies on the particularities of its environment to achieve Jonson's aim—to exhort his audience into a more sophisticated ‘understanding’ of the play's action—an understanding that he hoped would, in turn, affect their reading of the real urban space outside the playhouse. The Jonsonian ‘third way’ between represented and representational spaces takes advantage of the heterogeneous environment of the playhouse and elides together the heterotopian environments of Fair and Liberty to invite a correspondingly unstable interpretive response from its audience. This experiential division is enforced in the space of the stage and auditorium, with Jonson's use of inductive techniques, staging, and direct address—which frequently privileges some groups of spectators, to the detriment of others—helping to enforce divisions within the audience. The interpretive openness of Jonson's spatial practice becomes in effect a microcosm for the vast number of spatial practices performed by the inhabitants of the real city beyond the Hope's walls. However, in his emphasis on ‘understanding’ spectators Jonson provides his audience with the cognitive tools to be the actors rather than the acted-upon in the dog-eat-dog environment of London's urban space, and it is within the triangulation between text, playhouse and suburban environment of the play's first performance that this effect is most pronounced.
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Fei, Fan, Yan Wang, and Xiaoyun Jia. "Assessment of the Mechanisms of Summer Thermal Environment of Waterfront Space in China’s Cold Regions." Sustainability 14, no. 5 (February 22, 2022): 2512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14052512.
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Water is an essential part of the urban ecosystem and plays a vital role in alleviating urban heat island (UHI) problems. The contribution toward UHI mitigation made by bodies of water needs to be ascertained to establish waterfront thermal environment construction standards. In this study, the thermal environment of the waterfront space of Tianjin in the cold regions of China was the research object. Through a survey including 141 valid questionnaires and the field measurement of four typical waterfront spaces in Tianjin, the thermal demand characteristics of recreational use for the waterfront environment and the influence of water on microclimate are discussed, supplemented by results from low-altitude infrared remote sensing technology, which was mainly used to obtain a wider range of infrared thermal images with higher accuracy. To improve the urban heat island effect and the quality of the ecological environment, this paper used outdoor thermal environment simulation software to quantitatively analyze the thermal environmental impact of outdoor public activity spaces around the representative urban body of water and proposes the optimization scheme of the waterfront space’s thermal environment. The results show that, based on the factors of water itself, the most economical water width was 70–80 m, and the cooling effect intensity of water had an essential correlation with the distance between the measured site and the water center. In terms of the environmental factors around the water, when the green lawn of the waterfront space was 12 m and the water shore’s geometric form was S-shaped, this could improve the cooling effect of water significantly. Waterfront activity spaces should focus on thermal comfort on the east and south water shores. It is expected that this study could provide practical implications and useful guidance for the planning and design of urban waterfront space in China’s cold regions.
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Jeon, Jin Yong, Haram Lee, and Yunjin Lee. "Psychophysiological effect according to restoration factors of audio-visual environment." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 4 (October 2022): A128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0015776.
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This study investigated the effects of psychophysiological restoration due to environmental factors while experiencing the city, waterfront, and green space using various psychological scales and physiological measurement tools. The environment was experienced using virtual reality technology, and the subjects' responses were collected through surveys and EEG (electroencephalography) and HRV (heart rate variability) measurement. HRV responses were carried out by parameters such as total power (TP), SDNN and TSI. In case of EEG, PSD (power spectrum density) analysis indicated a relatively high restoration effect in the natural environment and increase of alpha-beta ratio. Based on functional connectivity, graph theory analysis showed that the limbic system network of non-restoration group was hyperactive. When comparing HRV responses (increase of TP, SDNN and reduction of TSI), from the resilience group, it was found to have higher global network efficiency. In fact, in urban space, there were fewer psychological restoration responses in the group with high noise sensitivity.
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Hady, Ahmed A. "Space environment during Solar Minimum of SC-23." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 8, S294 (August 2012): 533–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921313003098.
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AbstractGeomagnetic and solar storms and their occurrence rate with respect to the solar activity cycle is an important topic of space environment research. The minimum of solar activity during the solar cycle number 23 (SC-23) have detectable effects on the space environments, where the monthly mean of sunspot number and solar proton events effecting the space environment and produced many of Geophysical effects. A detailed study of the centers of activity produced the proton events are carried out. The electromagnetic emissions at the different bands during the impulsive phase of the flare are tabulated and discussed. The different Geophysical effects due to the events are studied. Conclusions about the proton solar events at minimum activity are presented.
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Pastore, M. Torben, William A. Yost, and Yi Zhou. "Is acoustic space “learned” in the buildup of the precedence effect?" Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 151, no. 4 (April 2022): A162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0010978.
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Most of what is known about sound source localization in reverberant environments rests upon knowledge of how the auditory system processes a pair of brief stimuli presented over headphones that simulate a direct sound and a single reflection. In everyday environments, however, sound sources often emit relatively continuous sounds or repeat them often in succession—for example, speech. Also, listeners often move. Dynamic changes in source/listener positions may present a unique opportunity to investigate the effects of “learning” that seem to result in the “buildup of the precedence effect—listeners' ability to effectively localize reverberant sounds after repeated presentation that would be poorly localized after only one presentation. The implicated learning may constitute learning of the spatial acoustics of the environment or learning of the temporal order and timing of reflections (or both). In this study, we sought to disambiguate these two possible learning strategies by comparing listener behavior in response to presentation of repeated pairs of lead/lag noise stimuli presented in a soundfield. Listeners’ perceived sound-source localization and the rate of fusion were measured.
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SHANGGUAN Ai-hong, 上官爱红, 穆猷 MU You, 李治国 LI Zhi-guo, and 刘朝晖 LIU Zhao-hui. "Effect of space environment on working life of solid-lubricated rotating parts." Optics and Precision Engineering 22, no. 12 (2014): 3264–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/ope.20142212.3264.
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