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Lemos, Sara Eloisa Vilmar da Silva. "The effect of the minimum wage on wages, employment and prices in Brazil." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.407159.
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De, Melo Patricia Sofia Coelho. "Estimatin the effect of agglomeration economies on wages." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.520937.
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Hotaling, Mary. "Effect of clinical laboratory practitioner licensing on wages." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/860.
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Professional licensing directly affects about 29% of U.S. workers and is considered a primary means to establish and maintain health care practitioner competence. Clinical laboratory practitioner licensing was largely ignored in the literature with only 2 studies 30 years apart that provided conflicting conclusions regarding wage effects. This research provided the first study of clinical laboratory practitioner licensing effects on wages after controlling for human capital and individual characteristics wage determinants. This nonexperimental correlational study extended the literature on licensing effects on wages, including women's wages and professions not uniformly licensed across 50 states. The theoretical foundation relied on the human capital wage model that wages vary according to human capital investment, namely education and experience. Census 2000 5% Public Use Microdata Sample provided wages and control variable data, including educational attainment, experience, gender, marital status, and children. Using hierarchical regression analysis, this study found clinical laboratory practitioner wages were significantly higher (5.8%) in licensing states compared to nonlicensing states after controlling for these human capital and individual characteristics, R 2change (p < .001). Female clinical laboratory practitioners working in licensing states earned significantly higher wages (5.0%) compared to those in nonlicensing states, R 2change (p < .01). This study has potential for positive social change in clinical laboratory practitioner licensing policy development, implementation, and analysis by providing urgently needed empirical wage data for legislators to make informed decisions on costs to adopting such legislation.
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Summerour, Alice Rebecca. "An investigation of the differential effect of employment risk and price risk on wage rates and compensation." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28555.
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Yoon, Yo-Un. "The effects of unexpected inflation on real wages : an analysis of wage stickiness /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9823322.
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Onaran, Özlem. "The effect of foreign affiliate employment on wages, employment, and the wage share in Austria." Inst. für Volkswirtschaftstheorie und -politik, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2008. http://epub.wu.ac.at/314/1/document.pdf.
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This paper estimates the effects of outward Foreign Direct Investment (employment in the affiliates abroad) on employment, wages, and the wage share in Austria using panel data for the period of 1996-2005. There is evidence of significant negative effects of FDI on both employment and wages, and consequently on the wage share. The results are not limited to workers in low skilled sectors or blue collar workers. The negative employment effect is primarily due to the rise in the employment in the foreign affiliates in Eastern Euope. The negative wage effects are originating from affiliate employment in both the East and the developed countries in industry, but no effect is found in the total economy. (author´s abstract)Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
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Grek, Jenny. "The effect of smoking and drinking on wages in Sweden." Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Technology and Society, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-89.
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The aim of this thesis is to study the effect of smoking and drinking on wages in Sweden. The data used in this study is the Swedish Level-of-living survey (LNU) from 1991. A multinomial logit model and the marginal effects from the estimated model are used to study the effect of smoking and drinking on wages in Sweden. The empirical results conclude that medium drinking increases the probability of having a high income, i.e. there is a positive significant relationship between medium drinking and wages in Sweden. Also concluded from the empirical results is that there is not a significant relationship between smoking and wages in Sweden.
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Schroeder, Daniel Gene. "Self-esteem moderates the effect of wage trends on employment tenure." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3035977.
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Li, Xiaoying. "Impact of firm characteristics on wages : Industry wage differentials and firm size-wage effects in Sweden." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-123299.
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Wage structure has shown to be crucial for firms and workers. However, there existwage dispersion for identical workers in labor markets. The paper measures the effectof industry and firm size on wages in Sweden. The results show that both industry andfirm size have significant effects on wages. Regarding the explanation factors, thefinding is that human capital factors can explain a portion of the industry wagedifferentials, but have less impact on wage differentials across firm size. However,compensating differentials and union organization are not the determinants of theindustry wage differentials and firm size-wage effects. In addition, unobservedindividual characteristics can partly explain firm size effect on wages, but cannotexplain industry wage differentials based on our samples.
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Georgiadis, Andreas. "Efficiency wages in low-wage labour markets and the economic effects of the minimum wage." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/9d698b57-f74b-46ed-b53c-f61f90778c13.
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Sanderson, Zachary W. "Burning a Hole in Your Pocket: the Effect of Smoking Cigarettes on Wages." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1543848326507365.
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Li, Xin Ran. "The effect of international trade on wages : a case study of China." Thesis, University of Macau, 2012. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2553449.
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Hall, Edwin Andrew. "The effect of professional associations on wages and employment in the UK." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312443.
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Cooper, Molly Malloy. "Japanese American wages, 1940-1990." Columbus, OH : Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1064341404.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 132 p. Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Richard H. Steckel, Dept. of Economics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 126-132).
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Marques, Ricardo Vasques Moreno. "The effects of health on wages." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/11132.
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Mestrado em Decisão Económica e EmpresarialEsta tese examina o efeito da saúde sobre os salários, utilizando um conjunto de dados longitudinais provenientes do British Household Panel Survey. Uma estimativa credível para este efeito só pode ser obtida após ter em conta a potencial endogeniedade do regressor que representa o estado de saúde. Desta forma, com o intuito de encontrar uma estimativa segura para o efeito da saúde sobre salário, um modelo linear relacionando estas duas variáveis foi posto em pratica. Neste, o salário será a nossa variável dependente e o estado de saúde um dos regressores independentes. O erro da regressão do modelo não é observável, e assim sendo irá conter todas as variáveis que não estão incluídas no modelo como regressores. No presente caso, este erro irá incluir indicadores não observáveis que estão relacionados com o estilo de vida dos indivíduos. Como o estilo de vida de cada individuo estará também provavelmente relacionado com o salário, esta pesquisa depara-se com o problema das variáveis omitidas. Deste modo, podemos concluir que a variável que representa o estado de saúde será possivelmente endógena no nosso modelo. Devido a esta endogeneidade, vários estimadores conhecidos são inúteis e as estimativas obtidas por estes estimadores apenas levarão a conclusões incorrectas. Assim, de modo a lidar com este problema de endogeneidade, estimadores provenientes dos Dados de Painel são introduzidos. Estes, estarão muito mais propensos a obter resultados de confiança.
This thesis examines the effect of health on wages using a longitudinal data from the British Household Panel Survey. A credible estimate of this effect can only be obtained after considering the potential endogeneity of the regressor that represents health. Therefore, in order to find a credible estimate of the effect of health on wage a linear model to describe the relationship is used, where the dependent variable is wage and one of the regressors is an indicator of health. The disturbance in this regression model is unobserved, and will contain all the variables that cannot be included as regressors because there is no data available on them. In the present case, this disturbance will include unobserved indicators that are related to the life-style of the subject. As the life-style of the subject will likely be related to wage as well, this research encounters the so-called omitted variables problem. Consequently, the health regressor is possibly endogenous in our model, because the employer may perceive health to be correlated with unobservable attributes of an individual which affect productivity and accordingly over higher wages to healthier employees. It is assumed that these unobservable attributes are constant over time, and therefore part of the unobserved heterogeneity term. Due to this endogeneity, several well-known estimators are useless. Estimates obtained by using these estimators will lead to conclusions that are misleading. Thus, panel data estimators are introduced to deal with this endogeneity problem. They are more likely to lead to credible estimation results.
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Corrales, Alejandra, and Jorge Vega. "Effect of immigration on Sweden natives' wages : The post-secondary and post-graduate case." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-92563.
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Pratomo, Devanto Shasta. "The effects of changes in minium wage on wages, employment and hours worked in Indonesia." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.531720.
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Wilson, Hugh David Economics Australian School of Business UNSW. "The Firm Size Effect: An Application of Hierarchy Theories." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Economics, 2000. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/32642.
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In this thesis the positive relationship between firm size and wages is investigated through the application of hierarchy theories. Many different explanations have been proposed for this relationship, but have met only limited success at best. The strongest finding to date is that unobserved ability is a significant factor. The question of interest here is ???why do wages increase as the size firm increases???? Hierarchy theories take a different approach towards the analysis of firms in comparison to the alternate theories which have dominated previous investigations. As a result of their focus on the organisational relationships within a firm???s internal structure, hierarchy theories offer certain insights to the size-wage relationship which to date have been unnoticed. An empirical investigation into the size-wage differential incorporating structural considerations into an augmented wage equation offers strong support for the propositions of hierarchy theories. I find that half of the firm size effect for workers can be explained by controlling for some aspects of management structure, and that span of control has a discontinuous effect on wages. These results are completely consistent with the existing findings on unobserved ability and have the added attraction of providing economic as well as statistical explanatory power.
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Yoshida, Yoko 1974. "Explaining the earnings disadvantage of visible minority immigrants in Canada." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115646.
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This dissertation is manuscript-based. It contains an introduction, a literature review, a conclusion along with the four research papers that constitute its core. The four substantive papers reexamine the sources of earnings differences by race and immigration status in Canada. I address two major methodological issues in the relevant literature: the measurement of experience and the modeling of the relations between the factors known to influence earnings. Data from Statistics Canada's Workplace and Employee Survey (WES) was analyzed. The first two papers examine biases in the estimates of wage disparities due to error in the measurement of experience. They do so using two conventional estimation techniques: ordinary least squares (OLS) with dummy variables, and the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition. The third and fourth papers explore deficiencies in OLS-based modeling techniques. The third paper does so by separately analyzing the relationships between racial and immigrant group statuses and access to job-related training, and then the relationship between statuses and training, on one hand, and earnings on the other. The final paper uses structural equation modeling to further examine the relationship between group status and earnings, this time explicitly incorporating the mediating effects of job types, and job-related training. The papers reveal that inadequate measurement of work experience results in overestimates of the wage disadvantage of visible minority immigrants. Furthermore, some of the wage disadvantage of this group stems from limited access to job-related training.
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Tugrul, Nuray. "Essays on the Effects of Social Ability on Labor Market and Raiding." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194988.
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This dissertation consists of three essays in applied microeconomics. The first and third essays are in the area of empirical labor economics while the second essay utilizes laboratory experiments to study labor market issues. The first essay investigates the effects of social ability on the earnings of employees. Using a microeconomic model in a two-firm setting, the effects of social ability on a worker's earnings are calculated and shown to be increasing with higher social ability levels. The results show that the more social workers, when compared to the less social workers, end up working a lower number of hours but at a higher hourly wage rate. Because of these offsetting effects, social ability had no net effect on annual earnings. The second essay of the dissertation addresses the same issue by using experimental methods. In the constructed experimental design, subjects are randomly selected and assigned to one of two groups, where the second group is the "control" group. A significant relationship is found between how much subjects earned and the ratings they get from their group members for the social group. The highest earnings of the social group are significantly higher than the earnings of the control group. When subjects are assumed to behave rationally, those in the group which spends more time together earn significantly more than those in the control group. The third essay of this dissertation analyzes the findings of Lazear about raiding, seniority within a firm, and job search during time not worked. Using the NLSY-79, a raiding dummy is included in the classical wage equation to better understand its effects. Seniority within a firm and search while unemployed are also included in the wage equation. Earnings of those who are not raided and stay with the same firm are also compared to those who are raided and switch firms. In both cases, statistically significant results are found confirming the theoretical findings of Lazear. Raiding is associated with higher earnings and staying with the same firm does yield lower earnings. Unemployed search is also examined, and the results support Lazear's statement that search while unemployed yields to lower earnings.
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Lippincott, Barbara. "The effect of restructuring on earnings expectations and firm value : an empirical investigation /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9924900.
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Cunha, Andrea Cristina. "The effects of clinical depression on schooling and wages." The Ohio State University, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1271877436.
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Duarte, Ana da Conceição Gracias. "How do wages react to the business cycle? A microeconometric approach." Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/9448.
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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Economics from the NOVA – School of Business and EconomicsThis study investigates the impact of the business cycle on real wages using a rich data set that matches each employee to an employer. The major innovation that this study brings to academic research is the use of two disaggregated variables as cyclical components: Job Finding Probability (JFP) and Job Separation Probability (JSP). Real wages react positively with the business cycle showing a procyclical behaviour. When JFP, JSP and the unemployment rate increase by 1 p.p., controlling for worker and firm heterogeneity, the real wage of a male worker that has an ongoing job, changes by 0.53%, -3.49% and -1.24% respectively. On the other hand, the real wage of a female worker changes by 0.42%, -0.43% and -0.85% with the same cyclical variables.
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Yamanaka, Jackie E. "The Effect of Oral Contraceptives on Women's Labor Force Participation Rates." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/270.
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The first oral contraceptive was introduced in the United States during the 1960s, and, subsequently, there was an increase in women’s labor force participation rates. Although the economic role of oral contraceptives is still highly debated by scholars, previous studies have found that the pill had a statistically significant impact on women’s labor force participation rates. Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Young Women, I will analyze how hours worked, hourly wages, weekly earnings and occupations for women were affected by oral contraceptives. By controlling for various governing statutes that affected the availability of the use and distribution of oral contraceptives in different states, I am able to provide evidence highlighting the extent of the pill’s significance. I find that early legal access (ELA) to oral contraceptives that resulted from residential states legalizing abortion before others positively and significantly affects women’s hours worked, hourly wages, weekly earnings and whether or not women entered into professional occupations.
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Thomas, Megan. "The effect of obesity or disability on the wages on employees in employer-sponsored health insurance plans." Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2009. http://worldcat.org/oclc/444610565/viewonline.
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Manquilef, Bächler Alejandra Adriana. "Effects of unions and management practices on performance and wages." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2009. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3768/.
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Chapter 1 examined the wage premia related to union membership and coverage over 1991-2003, a period involving decline and stabilisation of union participation. Differences in union premia - across workers and over time - were studied using a rich individual-level data: the British Household Panel Survey. A quantile regression technique allowing for endogeneity of the membership decision was implemented. Raw differentials suggested the presence of large and positive union wage premia that were stronger at the bottom of the wage distribution in both private and public sectors. After controlling for other factors influencing wages, union premia asymmetries were no longer apparent in the private sector. When endogeneity was taken into account, there was no one significant premium in the private sector, indicating positive selection into union jobs. In contrast, in the public sector, workers whose jobs were covered by union contracts were found to earn more than not covered workers (ceteris paribus); this effect was stronger at the bottom among males, while for females the premium was constant across workers and substantial over the whole period, reflecting the continuing strength of public sector unions. Since the difference between union members over covered non-members was always found to be insignificant, chapter 1 concluded that there is no free-rider puzzle. Chapter 2 investigated whether the U.K. National Minimum Wage introduction on April 1st, 1999 affected unionisation rates among workers whose wages rose to comply with the law. The British Household Panel Survey is used because it provides rich individual information that affects the union choices and it permits the implementation of the Difference-in-Difference estimator. Results were robust to sub-samples, alternative comparison groups and different estimation methods. Chapter 2 found that employees from workplaces where unions had been recognised were 15 percentage points more likely to become union members when the NMW was introduced. Workers did so, presumably, to protect their jobs. There was neither law anticipation nor first NMW upgrade significant effects. Chapter 3 studied the effects of Human Resource Management Practices (HRM) on performance. It analysed the case of private firms in Great Britain by making use of the Workplace Employment Relations Survey in 2004 (WERS): a linked employer-employee data that allowed investigating what HRM did to firms as well as to their workers. As few others have done, this chapter: i) modelled the adoption of HRM as endogenous; ii) used 28 practices that together covered the main areas of personnel relations; and iii) allowed for different effects to exist between low- and high-technology firms. The results were robust to eight measures of HRM and different estimation strategies including the latent factor modelling approach – never implemented in this context. In low-technology firms, monetary incentives were found to increase both worker productivity and profits - by increasing revenue further than costs (in the ratio 4:1). By contrast, in high-technology firms, the sense of fairness at work combined with hiring procedures were found to increase worker productivity and profits - by increasing revenue further than costs (in the ration 2:1). Only in non-union workplaces, worker involvement in decision making was found to reduce performance, i.e., decentralisation damages performance if the establishment lacks the right incentives for their workers to offer valuable ideas for firm.
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Sousa, André Pacheco. "Payroll taxes and their effects on wages and employment stability." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/11193.
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Mestrado em Economia Monetária e FinanceiraEsta dissertação explora a importância da taxa social única (TSU) e analisa a seguinte questão: Qual é o efeito nos salários e na estabilidade do emprego de uma redução da taxa social única? Desde 2009 que o Governo Português tem vindo a implementar cortes na TSU para alguns grupos específicos, no mercado de trabalho, com o objetivo de fomentar o emprego e os salários. Foram utilizados dados anuais entre 2009 e 2013 dos Quadros de Pessoal e dos registos da Segurança Social, este último com uma frequência mensal. Utilizando a metodologia das diferenças-nas-diferenças (DID), foram analisadas as recentes mudanças no mercado de trabalho Português e estimados efeitos positivos e significativos em termos de emprego. Contudo, existem pequenos impactos negativos nos salários, especialmente em trabalhadores com menos de 45 anos, mas também efeitos negativos na estabilidade do emprego com o uso deste tido de medidas.
This dissertation explores the importance of the payroll tax (TSU) and tries to analyze que following question: What is the effect on wages and employment stability of a reduction in the payroll tax? Since 2009, Portuguese Government have been implementing cuts in the payroll tax for some specific groups, in the labor market, with the aim of boosting employment and wages. I used annual data between 2009 and 2013 from Quadros de Pessoal and Social Security records, the latter on a monthly basis. Using the difference-in-differences (DID) methodology, I analyzed these recent changes in the Portuguese labor market and I estimate positive and significant effects on employment. However, I found not only small negative impact on wages, especially in workers with less than 45 years old, but also negative effects on employment stability with the use of these kinds of measures.
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Charkasova, Aynur. "THE EFFECT OF IMMIGRATION STATUS ON EARNINGS OF SKILLED IMMIGRANTS IN STEM OCCUPATIONS." OpenSIUC, 2021. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1924.
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The aim of this study was two-fold: firstly, it attempted to focus on the earnings of foreign-born STEM professionals in the U.S. workforce to examine whether this population was at an earning disadvantage compared to the U.S. citizens. Secondly, it aimed to investigate whether legal status acquisition (from temporary work visas to permanent residency) enhanced the earnings of foreign-born STEM professionals in the U.S. workforce. This study utilized a mixed-methods (QUAN/QUAL) research design. ANCOVA (Analysis of Covariance) was used to test the hypothesis in order to determine any statistically significant differences between the group means. Secondary data from the National Survey of College Graduates (NSCG) was utilized for this study. The results of the ANCOVA test showed that temporary worker visa holders were not at earning advantage/disadvantage compared to the U.S. citizens, and there was no statistical evidence that legal status acquisition enhanced the salaries of the foreign-born STEM professionals in the U.S. workforce. The interviews indicated that foreign-born STEM professionals (temporary worker visa holders, LPRs, and naturalized U.S. citizens) were not at earning disadvantage compared to their U.S.-born counterparts. Although the legal status change did not enhance the salaries of the skilled immigrants, it did improve job mobility and overall flexibility.
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Cassoni, Adriana. "The effects of trade unions on wages and employment in Uruguay." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.396181.
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Alexandrino, Bárbara Sofia Lobo. "The effects of the increase in parental leave benefits on wages." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/13071.
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Mestrado em EconomiaO presente estudo utiliza a base de dados Quadros de Pessoal de 2007 a 2012 e a metodologia de diferenças-em-diferenças para a análise dos efeitos do aumento dos benefícios de licença parental introduzidos em 2009, através da revisão do Código de Trabalho e do Decreto-Lei 91/2009. Os resultados exibem um efeito negativo estatisticamente significativo da medida estabelecida, indicando uma redução de 3,6% da remuneração horária para os trabalhadores-alvo da alteração. Existem evidências de maiores efeitos para indivíduos com maiores qualificações, bem como para indivíduos com maior grau de habilitações. Estes resultados encontram-se em conformidade com os modelos teóricos de benefícios obrigatórios estipulados, onde o aumento do custo para o empregador é transferido para a remuneração do trabalhador. A robustez dos resultados foi testada com recurso a diferentes especificações de períodos e grupos.
This study uses 2007-2012 data from Quadros de Pessoal and a difference-in-differences methodology to analyze the effects of the increase in parental leave benefits introduced in 2009 by the revision of the Labor Code and Decree-Law 91/2009. Results show a persistent statistically significant negative effect of the policy, pointing to a 3.6% reduction of the hourly wages for the individuals targeted by the legislation. There is evidence of a larger effect for individuals with more qualifications, as well as for those with more years of schooling. Findings are consistent with the model of mandated benefits, as the increase in employer costs is shifted to wages. Results are robust to the use of different specifications of periods and groups.
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Clougherty, Joseph A., Klaus Gugler, Lars Sørgard, and Florian Szücs. "Cross-border mergers and domestic-firm wages: Integrating "spillover effects" and "bargaining effects"." Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2014.2.
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Two literatures exist concerning cross-border merger activity's impact on domestic wages: one focusing on positive spillover-effects; the other focusing on negative bargaining-effects. Motivated by scarce theoretical scholarship spanning these literatures, we nest both mechanisms in a single conceptual framework. Considering the separate phenomena of inward and outward cross-border merger activity, our theoretical model generates three formal propositions: cross-border mergers can lead to wage increases via positive spillover-effects; and negative bargaining-effects are relatively more dominant when union market power is high, and when merging firms exhibit relatedness. Employing US firm-level panel data on wages combined with industry-level data on unionization and merger activity (covering 1989-2001), we find support for our propositions as inward and outward cross-border merger activity generate positive spillovers to wages, but are more likely to generate firm-level wage decreases when unionization rates are high and when cross-border merger activity is characterized as horizontal. Accordingly, future research on how cross-border mergers affect domestic wages should be mindful that both spillover and bargaining effects are at play, and that the degree of union market-power and the relatedness of cross-border merger activity are critical in determining which effect dominates. (authors' abstract)
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Clougherty, Joseph A., Klaus Gugler, and Lars Sørgard. "Cross-Border Mergers and Domestic Wages: Integrating Positive 'Spillover' Effects and Negative 'Bargaining' Effects." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2012. http://epub.wu.ac.at/3512/1/wp136.pdf.
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The existing literature concerning the impact of cross-border merger activity on domestic
wages can be split into two camps: 1) those focusing on positive 'spillover' effects; 2) those
focusing on negative 'bargaining' effects. Motivated in part by the lack of scholarship
spanning these two literatures, we provide a theoretical model that nests these two
mechanisms in one conceptual framework. From our theoretical model we are able to
predict that 'spillover' effects tend to be more dominant under low unionization rates, while
'bargaining' effects tend to be more dominant under high unionization rates; furthermore,
'spillover' effects tend to be more dominant with inward cross-border mergers, while
'bargaining' effects tend to be more dominant with outward cross-border mergers. We
employ comprehensive panel data on wages, unionization and merger activity for US
industry sectors over the 1986-2001 period in order to test the impact of cross-border
merger activity on domestic wages. We find support for our propositions in that higher
unionization rates make it more likely that cross-border mergers generate wage decreases,
while outward cross-border mergers more likely involve wage decreases than do inward
cross-border mergers. (author's abstract)Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
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Nguyen, Christopher. "The Effects of Foreign Language Acquisition on Wages for US College Graduates." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1434471890.
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Spinazze', Marco <1986>. "The determination of wages: from the Mincer equation to the Scarring effects." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/2028.
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La stima empirica “dell’equazione Minceriana” si pone come uno strumento utile nella determinazione dei salari nel mercato del lavoro in quanto mette in evidenza il livello dell’istruzione e dell’esperienza lavorativa di un individuo. In questo modo si rientra nell’ambito della teoria del capitale umano ed è possibile verificare come, a parità di diverse caratteristiche, il ritorno dell’istruzione influisca nel determinare il reddito di un individuo. In un secondo momento si analizza per una data dotazione di capitale umano, quanto un periodo di disoccupazione o di recessione presente al momento dell’entrata nel mondo del lavoro, incida dal punto di vista remunerativo nella carriera di un lavoratore. Questi particolari effetti sono chiamati “Scarring effects”. L’applicazione empirica proposta per la stima dell’equazione Minceriana e per gli scarring effects è basata su modelli OLS con dati cross-section ottenuti attraverso l’utilizzo del database di “Share” per Francia, Germania, Italia e Spagna.
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Chen, Tao. "Causes and consequences of dualism effects : micro- and macroeconomic evidences /." View abstract or full-text, 2009. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?SOSC%202009%20CHEN.
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Badenhorst, Marizanne. "The relationship between actual pay and pay satisfaction : the moderating effect of expectancy theory dimensions." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20410.
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Thesis (MComm)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Pay satisfaction is an essential aim in any company’s reward system, since various studies indicate that it affects employee job performance. With limited resources and restricted capacity to increase pay, firms require a better understanding of how employee pay satisfaction develops and how employee work-related behaviour is affected by pay satisfaction. The purpose of this study was threefold: First, to investigate the relationship between actual pay and pay satisfaction, and second, to explore the effect that pay motivation dimensions derived from expectancy theory (Vroom, 1964) — pay valence and pay instrumentality — have on this relationship. Lastly, the study aimed to explore the relative effects of these objective (pay) and subjective (pay perceptions) variables on employee job performance. Self-report survey data of managerial employees (N = 177) from a South African retail organisation were collected, along with supervisor ratings of job performance and objective actual pay data, for each participant. The Pay Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ) and a selfdeveloped Pay Valence and Instrumentality Questionnaire (PVIQ) were administered through an intranet-based survey. Data were analysed with a variety of statistical techniques. Descriptive statistics were used to assess underlying assumptions of the multivariate analysis techniques used to analyse the research data, and to describe the central tendency and dispersion of study variables. Pearson product moment correlations were calculated to assess bivariate relationships. Standard multiple regression analysis was utilised to assess the joint relationship between IVs and DVs, and relative weights analysis (RWA) to assess the relative importance of IVs within respective regression models. Moderated multiple regression (MMR) analysis was used to examine possible moderator effects. To determine whether mediating (indirect) influences were present, normal theory and bootstrap estimates of indirect effects were obtained. In this research, selected antecedents and consequences of pay satisfaction were investigated. Regarding antecedents of pay satisfaction, the results suggested that actual pay had a small but significant effect on pay satisfaction, but not pay valence, nor pay instrumentality. Pay motivation perceptions (pay valence and pay instrumentality) neither moderated, nor mediated, the relationship between pay and pay satisfaction. The consequences of pay perceptions, in conjunction with actual pay, were also assessed. Pay satisfaction had no statistically significant relationship with job performance (p > .05), although actual pay had a moderate association with job performance. Although pay perceptions slightly incremented the validity of predicting performance from actual pay itself, this increment was not statistically significant (p < .05). In summary, the present research highlights the central role of actual pay in influencing pay satisfaction and job performance, but questions still remain about the way in which performance results from pay, since pay satisfaction did not mediate this relationship. The implications for future research are discussed and recommendations for research are made.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Vergoedingstevredenheid is noodsaaklike doelwit in maatskappy se vergoedingsisteem en verskeie studies toon hoe dit werksprestasie van werknemers positief beïnvloed. Aangesien maatskappye oor beperkte hulpbronne en kapasiteit beskik om vergoeding te verhoog, word ‘n beter begrip vereis oor hoe werknemers se gedrag deur vergoedingstevredenheid beïnvloed word. Die doel van hierdie studie was drieledig: eerstens, om die verband tussen werklike vergoeding en vergoedingstevredenheid te ondersoek, en tweedens, om die effek van vergoedingsmotiveringsdimensies — afgelei van die verwagtingsteorie (Vroom, 1964), naamlik betalingsvalensie en betalingsinstrumentaliteit — en die verband te ondersoek. Derdens, om die invloed van hierdie objektiewe (vergoeding) en subjektiewe (vergoedingspersepsies) veranderlikes op werknemerprestasie te ondersoek. Die data is in Suid-Afrikaanse kleinhandelsonderneming versamel. Die volgende inligting is bekom van deelnemers: selfrapporteringsdata vanaf werknemers in bestuursposte (N = 177), werksprestasiebeoordelings deur hul onderskeie toesighouers, asook objektiewe werklike vergoedingsvlakke vir elke respondent. Die Vergoedingstevredenheidsvraelys en die selfontwikkelde Betalingsvalensie- en Instrumentaliteitvraelys is deur intranetopname geadministreer. Die data is met behulp van verskeidenheid statistiese tegnieke ontleed. Beskrywende statistiek is gebruik om die onderliggende aannames van meerveranderlike analise in die navorsingsdata te evalueer, en die sentrale neiging en verspreiding van die studieveranderlikes te beskryf. Pearsonprodukkorrelasiestatistiek is gebruik om die beduidendheid van die hipoteses rakende tweeveranderlike korrelasies te evalueer. Standaard meervoudige regressie-analise is gebruik om die gesamentlike verwantskap tussen onafhanklike veranderlikes en afhanklike veranderlikes te evalueer. Relatiewegewigte-analise (RWA) was gebruik om die relatiewe belangrikheid van onafhanklike veranderlikes, binne die onderskeie modelle, te evalueer. Gemodereerde meervoudige regressie-(MMR)-analise is gebruik om die moontlike bemiddelende uitwerking van veranderlikes te ondersoek. Normale teorie en “bootstrap”-raming van die indirekte invloede van veranderlikes is verkry om die moontlike mediëring van verbandskappe te evalueer. In hierdie navorsing is die voorafgaande faktore, sowel as die gevolge van, vergoedingstevredenheid ondersoek. Wat die oorsake van vergoedingstevredenheid betref, het die resultate aangedui dat werklike vergoedingsvlakke klein, maar wel statisties beduidende uitwerking het op vergoedingstevredenheid, terwyl betalingsvalensie en betalingsinstrumentaliteit geen beduidende uitwerking getoon het nie. Verder toon die resultate dat die verband tussen betaling en vergoedingstevredenheid word nie deur vergoedingsmotiveringspersepsies (betalingsvalensie en betalingsinstrumentaliteit) bemiddel of medieër nie. Die nagevolge van vergoedingspersepsies is onderling met werklike betaling ondersoek. Vergoedingstevredenheid het geen statistiese beduidende verband met werksprestasie getoon nie, tog het werklike betaling matige verband met werksprestasie getoon. Alhoewel betalingspersepsies die geldigheid van die voorspelling van werksprestasie vanaf werklike betaling inkrementeer, toon dit nie beduidende effek (p < .05) nie. Die huidige navorsing beklemtoon die sentrale rol wat werklike betaling steeds in die beïnvloeding van vergoedingstevredenheid en werksprestasie speel, hoewel die rede vir die verband tussen werklike betaling en prestasie steeds nie ten volle begryp word nie, aangesien vergoedingstevredenheid nie hierdie verband medieër nie. Beperkinge van die navorsing, asook die implikasies vir vergoedingspraktyk en toekomstige navorsing word bespreek.
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Bothma, Gustav. "Studying the effect of the current remuneration practices in Route Management (Pty) Ltd: Cape Town." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95654.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.Many different definitions of human resources as a field of practice exist but few would disagree with the fact that a company’s remuneration practices play a crucially important role in the development and management of a productive workforce. Being such a crucial part of the employment relationship, a company’s remuneration strategy has the potential power to influence many factors contributing to employee well-being and operational success. The focus of this project has been an investigation of the current remuneration practices within Route Management (Pty) Ltd and the effect it has on employees, with specific reference to monthly paid employees at the Cape Town plant. The possibility of the current remuneration practices having a negative impact on employee satisfaction and crucial functions like skills retention have been scrutinised, and even where such concerns are not justified, the aim is to inform top management of the benefits that their current approach towards remuneration has to offer. In order to study the effect of the current remuneration practices deployed at Route Management, the research focused on employee satisfaction as a possible indicator of the impact these practices may have on employees. Employee satisfaction is a very wide construct, has many different components and has been studied widely in the literature. This complex construct along with some issues surrounding remuneration form the basis of the literature review presented in the report. A self-administered questionnaire was developed and with the size and physical location of the population in mind, a delivery and collection method was chosen to administer the questionnaires. This kind of questionnaire provided the respondents with the opportunity to complete the questions without any assistance from the researcher, ensuring that the researcher’s contribution was kept to an absolute minimum, and in doing so avoiding bias during the questionnaire data collection phase. Weights were assigned to questions in order to obtain a total employee satisfaction indicator score for each respondent, as well as two sub-indicator scores, namely a general employee satisfaction indicator and a remuneration satisfaction indicator for each respondent. Results showed that by far the majority of respondents are either satisfied or very satisfied with regards to their employment situation at Route Management with only 15 percent of respondents indicating that they are unsatisfied with remuneration practices at the company. All employees were found to be satisfied according to their general employee satisfaction and their total satisfaction indicator scores. The final analysis studied the relationship between remuneration satisfaction and general satisfaction. The results found that the company’s remuneration practices do not impact negatively on general employee satisfaction and with an average total satisfaction score of 72 percent, and 40 percent of all respondents found to be very satisfied, the company can be confident to work with a productive and motivated team at their Cape Town plant. Results showed that remuneration satisfaction does have some degree of positive impact on the level of general satisfaction which employees experience. Consequently, Route Management’s board of directors should consider these results as a positive indicator for their future decisions regarding remuneration practices, but should also consider the advantages of gaining more information from this type of research. It is therefore advised that this or similar studies should be rolled out and applied to the entire organisation.
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Sitchinava, Nino. "Trade in intermediate goods : trends, effects, and determinants /." Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank) Connect to title online (ProQuest), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/8416.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2008.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 159-164). Also available online in Scholars' Bank; and in ProQuest, free to University of Oregon users.
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Ribas, Vanesa Mouw Ted. "Care workers and mobility an exploratory analysis of the effects of job changes on wages /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1326.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007.Title from electronic title page (viewed Apr. 25, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Sociology." Discipline: Sociology; Department/School: Sociology.
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Cranston, Emma C. "Labor-Market effects of Immigration: Migration's Impact on Host Countries' Wages and Rates of Employment." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/752.
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The purpose of this paper is to define and expand upon methods used to determine wage and employment effects of immigration on host countries’ labor markets. We start by examining existing literature, defining theoretical frameworks and exploring some of the empirical methods used to make these estimates. Using pooled OECD data from 2003 to 2013, we then attempt to combine an area-effects empirical model with macroeconomic assumptions about wage and unemployment determinants. Results line up somewhat with existing literature; there is no evidence that wages are affected by migrant inflows, though surprisingly, aggregated employment estimates are much larger than expected.
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Onaran, Özlem, and Engelbert Stockhammer. "The effect of FDI and foreign trade on wages in the Central and Eastern European Countries in the post-transition era: A sectoral analysis." Inst. für Volkswirtschaftstheorie und -politik, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2006. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1450/1/document.pdf.
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The aim of this paper is to estimate the effect of FDI and trade openness on wages in the CEECs in the post-transition era. We utilize a cross-country sector-specific eceonometric analysis based on one-digit level panel data for manufacturing industry in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, for the period of 2000-2004. The results suggest that the increases in productivity are reflected in wages only to a modest extent, even in the long-term, leading to a steady decline in the share of labor in manufacturing industry in almost all sub-sectors in all countries. Meanwhile, the high significant and negative effect of unemployment on wages shows that the labor market is flexible in terms of wage flexibility. FDI has a positive effect on wages only in the capital and skill intensive sectors. The results also show that the increase in trade with EU did not lead to positive prospects for wages in manufacturing industry, contrary to the expectations of pro-market policies and traditional trade theory. The long-term net effect of exports and imports is negative, suggesting that integration of CEECs to EU via trade liberalization have worked at the expense of labor. (author's abstract)Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
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鄭耀煥 and Yiu-woon Cheng. "Boundary effect on ship-generated waves." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31215063.
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Cheng, Yiu-woon. "Boundary effect on ship-generated waves /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19669215.
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Townsend, Anthony M. "Multi-tier wage structures in a unionized environment : their effects upon worker perceptions /." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06112009-064017/.
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de, Lazzer Jakob. "Selection Issues in the Analysis of Wages and in the Analysis of Electoral Outcomes." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/20082.
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Diese Dissertation umfasst vier Aufsätze welche die Effekte von nicht-zufälliger Selektion betrachten. Im ersten Aufsatz wird analysiert welche Rolle die geänderte Zusammensetzung der Erwerbsbevölkerung für die Entwicklung der Lohnungleichheit spielt. Vollzeit-Erwerbstätige weisen zunehmend Episoden von Teilzeitarbeit und Erwerbsunterbrechungen in ihren Biographien auf. Dies hat maßgeblich zum Anstieg der Lohnungleichheit beigetragen.
Der zweite Aufsatz betrachtet die Effekte von gesunkener Arbeitslosigkeit auf Lohnungleichheit.. Wenn sich die Selektion in Vollzeit oder Arbeitslosigkeit ändert, kann dies zu steigender Lohnungleichheit führen. Dies ist insbesondere dann der Fall wenn Personen neu in Beschäftigung kommen, die eine Negativauswahl der Erwerbsbevölkerung sind. Jedoch zeigt sich, als Resultat einer Analyse mit selektionskorrigierten Quantilsregressionen, dass diese veränderte Selektion nicht zum Anstieg der Lohnungleichheit beigetragen hat.
Im dritten Aufsatz geht es um nicht-monotone Selektion bei Regression Discontinuity Designs (RDD). Die Annahmen, auf welchen RDDs beruhen, können verletzt sein wenn sich sowohl Individuen in die Maßnahmengruppe hinein, als auch aus ihr heraus selektieren. Der Aufsatz beschreibt diesen Selektionsmechanismus und zeigt seine praktische Relevanz. Zudem wird ein Spezifikationstest vorgestellt um das Problem im Vorfeld der Analyse zu erkennen.
Der vierte Aufsatz untersucht Wählerpräferenzen für das Geschlecht politischer Kandidaten. Es wird analysiert ob das Zusammenspiel von Berufsinformationen und Geschlecht die geringere Repräsentation von Frauen erklären kann. Dazu wurde ein Feldexperiment durchgeführt. Es zeigt sich dass weibliche Kandidaten einen Stimmvorteil genießen solange keine Berufsinformationen angegeben sind. Sobald jedoch die Berufe der Kandidaten bekannt sind kehrt sich dies in einen Stimmvorteil für männliche Kandidaten um.This thesis comprises four essays which study effects of non-random selection. The first essay analyzes the role of changes in labor force composition for the development of wage inequality among full-time workers. Of particular interest are the effects of increasingly common episodes of temporary part-time work and nonemployment among full-time workers. Such episodes, have contributed substantially to the rise in wage inequality. The second essay studies the effects of declining unemployment on inequality of wages. Changing selection over time between unemployment and full-time work could lead to increasingly diverse wages, particularly if sinking unemployment implies an influx of negatively selected workers into employment. However, results from a selection corrected quantile regression approach show that changing selection with respect to unobservables is not a contributor to the rise in wage inequality. The third essay studies non-monotonic selection in regression discontinuity designs (RDD). When similar numbers of individual select into and out of treatment simultaneously, the identifying assumption of the RDD can be violated. The essay describes the selection mechanisms and demonstrates it’s practical relevance. It then suggests an enhancement to the standard specification tests for RDDs, which can detect non-monotonic sorting in advance. The fourth essay studies voter’s valuation of candidate gender. It examines whether the presence of profession information coupled with voter preferences for stereotypical male occupations may explain part of the gender gap in parliaments. The analysis is conducted as a field experiment built into an exit-poll of voters in Germany in 2014. The results show a vote share bonus for women in the absence of profession information. Once voters know the profession of candidates, however, this changes towards a small edge for male candidates.
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Cook, Finnie B. "Globalization, Migration and the U.S. Labor Market for Physicians: The Impact of Immigration on Local Wages." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0003279.
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Minoletti, Paul. "The importance of gender ideology and identity : the shift to factory production and its effect on work and wages in the English textile industries, 1760-1850." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:7697b548-d389-4d20-9150-1891ec65c95f.
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Textile manufacture in England had always employed a high proportion of women and this continued to be the case during the period 1760-1850. However, these industries underwent dramatic changes in both the nature and location of production, and women’s employment opportunities altered. Whilst in some cases technological advances reduced the strength required to perform a given process, making women more attractive to employers, this was not always the case. Urbanisation and factory production increased trade union influence, which often acted to the detriment of women’s access to well-paid occupations. The long standardised hours worked away from the home typically required of factory workers made it harder for women to combine textile work with the mothering and domestic responsibilities expected of them. As well as making it harder for women to work throughout their life, this discouraged investment in human capital of females by both themselves and their parents. Ideological resistance to women’s work outside of the home increased as the Industrial Revolution progressed. The more formalised work hierarchy created by factory production meant that resistance to female authority became increasingly important for denying women access to the best paid occupations. Ideology was not merely a response to material factors, but helped determine decisions made by economic actors. This thesis draws on a number of parliamentary reports over the period 1802-67. Not only do these reports provide a wealth of qualitative information, they also contain quantitative information which enables me to track male and female factory earnings over the life-cycle, by region and industry. The information in the parliamentary reports is used in conjunction with business records of various firms, covering both domestic and factory workers, as well as the writings of numerous contemporary observers.
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Holt, Christopher Paul. "Climate change and future water resources in Wales." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320755.
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盧慧 and Hui Loo. "Effect of surface waves on pollutant dispersion." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31224866.
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Loo, Hui. "Effect of surface waves on pollutant dispersion." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B23273185.
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