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Oe, Shin, Yu Yamato, Tomohiko Hasegawa, Go Yoshida, Sho Kobayashi, Tatsuya Yasuda, Tomohiro Banno, et al. "Spinal Sagittal Alignment, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale Scores, and Patient-Reported Outcome among People with Sporting Activity." Asian Spine Journal 14, no. 3 (June 30, 2020): 341–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31616/asj.2019.0212.
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Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.Purpose: This study aimed to investigate how participation in sporting activity affects patient-reported outcome (PRO), including Neck Disability Index (NDI), in males and females.Overview of Literature: Previously, our study reported that factors with a negative influence on the NDI in females were a lack of sporting activities. However, it was still unclear why it affected poor scores of NDI.Methods: The subjects were 473 volunteers. They were divided into two groups (activity and non-activity) according to participation or non-participation in sporting activities using a self-filled questionnaire. The evaluation items were height, weight, grip strength, bone density, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) score, standing radiographic parameters, PRO (evaluated by EuroQol-5 dimension [EQ-5D], Oswestry Disability Index [ODI]), and NDI.Results: There were 101 males in the non-activity group and 69 in the activity group and 178 females in the non-activity group and 125 in the activity group. For the males, the evaluation items with significant influence were cervical lordosis (non-activity group:activity group, 17°:22°) and T1 slope minus cervical lordosis (10°:6°, <i>p</i> <0.05). For the females, the evaluation items with significant influence were sagittal vertical axis (28:14 mm), HADS (10.4:8.4), EQ-5D (0.79:0.86), ODI (17:12), and NDI (12:9, <i>p</i> <0.01). HADS and PRO in the females were significantly correlated with the EQ-5D (−0.40), ODI (0.43), and NDI (0.55).Conclusions: Males who participated in sporting activities had better cervical spine alignment but no effect on PRO. Females with sporting activities had better spinal global alignment and less mental stress. It is suggested that sporting activity in females might be associated with PRO because HADS highly correlates with PRO.
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Muhsen, Tamadher Abdluaziz, and Muroj Abdulaziz Muhsen. "The Impact of Physical Activity and Sport on Mental Health." Journal of Physical Education 32, no. 3 (September 28, 2020): 160–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.37359/jope.v32(3)2020.1032.
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Scientists have researched different aspects of physical exercise and sports and their impact on the health of a person. However, the impact of physical activity and sport on mental health has not been looked into extensively. This study reviews the literature on the effect of physical exercises and other sporting activities on mental health. The results indicate the presence of a positive link between participation in physical activities and the mental health of an individual.
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Moon, Kyung-Min, and Hyuen-Soo Lee. "The Effects of Participation in Sporting Activities on Job Satisfaction in Rehabilitation Hospital Workers." Korean Society for Rehabilitation of Persons with Disabilities 22, no. 4 (December 30, 2018): 59–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.16884/jrr.2018.22.4.59.
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Richman, Erin L., and David R. Shaffer. "IF YOU LET ME PLAY SPORTS: How Might Sport Participation Influence the Self-Esteem of Adolescent Females?" Psychology of Women Quarterly 24, no. 2 (June 2000): 189–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.2000.tb00200.x.
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This study tests a model specifying that girls' precollege participation in sporting activities will foster positive body images, enhanced perceptions of physical competence, and more flexible gender identities, which, in turn, predict higher college self-esteem. A sample of 220 college females (mean age = 19.65 years) provided retrospective reports of their precollege sport involvement and contemporaneous assessments of body image, perceived physical competencies, gender identity, global self-esteem, and other psychosocial variables. Consistent with prior reports on male and mixed-gender samples, greater precollege sport participation predicted higher self-esteem in this exclusively female sample. Follow-up path analyses and tests for mediation revealed that the model's intervening variables totally mediated the sport participation/self-esteem relationship. The patterning of these data implies that participating in sports promotes females' self-worth by fostering physical competencies, favorable body images, and gender flexibility, and, in the absence of any such psychosocial benefits, participation in sports has little salutary effect on and can even undermine self-esteem.
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Park, Seiyeong, Junhye Kwon, Chiyoung Ahn, Hae-Sung Cho, Hyo Youl Moon, and Chung Gun Lee. "The Role of Dopamine Receptor D2 in Bridging the Intention-Behavior Gap in Sport Participation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5 (March 1, 2021): 2379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052379.
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Previous studies have identified that a behavior can occur through the strongest predictor intention, but there is a gap between intention and behavior. Dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) is known to account for a variance in sporting behaviors in human and animal subjects. However, the relationship between DRD2 and sport participation has been poorly studied, and the limited available reports are inconsistent. The present study was performed to examine the impact of DRD2 on sport participation among Korean university students based on the integrated behavioral model (IBM). Data were collected from enrolled university students in Seoul (N = 45). Participants answered survey questions first, and then they gave investigators their hair to provide DNA information (i.e., the A1 allele of DRD2). DRD2 had a significant effect on sport participation, but only in male students. Male students who carried the A1 allele of DRD2 significantly participated in 105.10 min more sporting activities than male students who did not. Moreover, the effect of intention on sport participation was significantly decreased when considering DRD2. Despite the small sample size, the results of this study could be a preliminary case for a larger study and indicate the direction of future research. Our results suggest that DRD2 may have played an important role as the “actual skill” shown in the IBM.
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Harbach, Brahim, Bendehiba Djourdem, and Djamel Mokrani. "Parents and Educators’ Perceptions on Recreational Sporting Activities’ Practice and Its Effects on Down Syndrome Children’s." Land Forces Academy Review 25, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 207–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/raft-2020-0025.
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AbstractThe aim of the current study is to explore the importance of recreational sporting activities’ practice in developing social interactions of children with Down syndrome, and in maintaining communication, participation, teamwork, and socialization from parents and educators’ perceptions. A descriptive approach has been deployed and a sample of 45 parents and 30 educators of children with Down syndrome were randomly selected from the psychological and pedagogical centre for children with mental disabilities, and from the association of El-Wafaa and scholastic and professional integration for trisomy 21 and autism children in Algeria. The results revealed that there is a statistical significance for recreational sports activities’ practice. The results suggest that the practice of recreational sports activities has a positive effect on the social interactions of children with Down syndrome, as confirmed by parents and educators.
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Müller, Bettina, Klaus Georgi, Axel Schnabel, and Barbara Schneider. "Does sport have a protective effect against suicide?" Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 18, no. 4 (December 2009): 331–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1121189x00000300.
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SUMMARYAim – The association between sporting activities, or lack there of, and suicidal behaviour has not yet been clarified. The objective of this study was to determine, if sports participation has an impact on risk for completed suicide. Methods – Axis I and Axis II disorders, sociodemographic factors, and current and former sports activities, including various sports disciplines, were assessed by a semi-structured interview by psychological autopsy method in 163 suicides and by personal interview in 396 living population-based control persons. Results – Current sports activities (OR = 0.24, 95%CI, 0.15 to 0.39; OR = 0.27, 95%CI, 0.16 to 0.45) and sports activities at some point in life (OR = 0.33, 95%CI, 0.18 to 0.62; OR = 0.40, 95%CI, 0.23 to 0.68, after adjustment for axis I and II disorders or educational level, each) were associated with decreased suicide risk. Conclusions – Current sports activities and sports activities at some point in life may reduce suicide risk.Declaration of Interest: Barbara Schneider got research funding as young scientist for the project “Psychopathological, sociodemographic, psychosocial, and work-related risk factors for suicide” from the faculty representative committee of the Faculty of Medicine, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University of Frankfurt/Main. Furthermore, “Nachlaβ Martha Schmelz”, part of the university foundation of Frankfurt am Main, supported the research project. There was no support from drug companies related to the present paper. Barbara Schneider, Klaus Georgi, and Axel Schnabel are employed at the Goethe-University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine. Bettina Müller is employed at the Markus Hospital, Frankfurt /Main.
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Rich, Aidan, Jilliane Leigh Cook, Andrew John Hahne, Ebonie Kendra Rio, and Jon Ford. "Randomised, cross-over trial on the effect of isotonic and isometric exercise on pain and strength in proximal hamstring tendinopathy: trial protocol." BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 7, no. 1 (January 2021): e000954. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000954.
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BackgroundProximal hamstring tendinopathy (PHT) is a condition that occurs at all ages and levels of sporting participation. Presenting as localised lower buttock pain with tasks such as squatting and sitting, it can cause disability with sport, work and other activities of daily living. Recent research has investigated the effect of isometric exercise on pain and strength with a range of tendinopathies but there are no published studies on PHT. This protocol paper details a study investigating the effectiveness of isometric compared with isotonic exercise on pain and strength in people with PHT.Methods/DesignThe study is a prospective, cross-over randomised controlled trial (RCT). Twenty participants with PHT, recruited from the local community and sporting clubs will be recruited for the study. Participants will receive one session of isotonic hamstring strength exercises and one session of isometric hamstring exercise, with random allocation to the order of intervention.Primary outcomes will be hamstring strength measured with a dynamometer and pain with a functional task, assessed immediately following and 45 min after intervention. A secondary outcome will be pain with sitting assessed 24 hours after intervention.The effect of isotonic versus isometric exercise on hamstring pain and strength will be determined using a repeated measures linear mixed model. Further analyses will determine the proportion of patients with clinically important pain and strength improvements, using relative risks, χ2 testing and number needed to treat.DiscussionThis RCT protocol will investigate the effect of isometric compared with isotonic exercise for PHT.
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Reverdito, Riller S., Larissa R. Galatti, Humberto M. Carvalho, Alcides J. Scaglia, Jean Côté, Carlos E. Gonçalves, and Roberto R. Paes. "Developmental Benefits of Extracurricular Sports Participation Among Brazilian Youth." Perceptual and Motor Skills 124, no. 5 (August 9, 2017): 946–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0031512517724657.
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Youth sporting activities have been explored as a way to impact positive personal transformation and development, glaringly demonstrated by world-wide investments in public policies, programs, and projects. We studied positive effects of participation in sports on the developmental assets of 614 adolescents (13.1 ± 1.7 years) actively engaged in extracurricular sport programs targeted at socially disadvantaged youths, from five municipalities across five states of the southern, south-eastern and north-eastern regions of Brazil. Participants responded to a developmental assets questionnaire designed to capture sociodemographic and human development data. Multilevel logistic regression was used to explore associations between years of participation in sport and human development indicators, controlling for age and sex. Our results showed that the quality of the young people’s support network and duration of program participation positively influenced sport participation, which, in turn, was associated with willingness to learn. A strong association was also observed between sport participation and developmental assets. Thus, we offer new evidence of a relationship between positive development and environmental factors in which individual and contextual forces can be aligned, and we provide new reference data for developing countries.
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Lisinskienė, Ausra, and Saulius Sukys. "COACH’S ROLE IN ENCOURAGING PARENT–CHILD EDUCATIONAL INTERACTION IN SPORTS." Global Journal of Sociology: Current Issues 6, no. 1 (April 28, 2016): 01. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjs.v5i1.293.
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The research into the educational effect of sport for youths aims at finding the ways for the coaches and parents to create a positive motivational environment for young athletes. Participation of family members in youth sports has a great effect on young athlete’s development and continuation of sports activities. In this background coaches have ample opportunities to influence parent–child relations and positive development of these relations. The coach can unite parents and children through sport, encourage their collaboration, act as a moderator, mediator, and counsellor. The article analyses the coaches’ influence on parent–child interaction in sports activities, as well as prerequisites for the effectiveness of such influence.The aim of the article is to reveal the coach’s role in encouraging parent–child interaction in sport activities. Objectives of literature review: 1) Analyse the factors of coaches’ role in encouraging parent–child interaction in sport activities; 2) reveal the importance of the coach’s competence for the stimulation of parent–child interaction in sport activities. Applied research methods: scientific literature analysis and generalization. Scientific literature analysis revealed the importance of the coaches’ role in encouraging parent–child interaction in sport activities in order to create a positive motivational environment for young athletes. A more or less positive training and education strategy used by the coach, the coach’s ability to create parental interest in the child’s sport, to build and maintain positive relationships between sport participants, solve ethical and social problems arising in the sporting environment have a significant influence on parent–child interaction. The effectiveness of the coach’s influence on parent–child interaction in the sporting environment largely depends on the coach’s basic professional skills and intrapersonal competencies acquired in higher sport education institutions, through growing work experience and various professional development programmes. In terms of methodological skills and intellectual proficiencies, the importance of metacognitive competency involving a coach’s reflection and the need for self–study is highlighted along with the importance and benefit of long–term educational programmes. Key–words: sports activities, educational interactions, parents, children, coaches, competences, sports coaching degree and certificate programmes.
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Iucksch, Dielise Debona, Luize Bueno de Araujo, Karize Rafaela Mesquita Novakoski, Bruna Yamaguchi, Carolina Fernandez Carneiro, Tainá Ribas Mélo, and Vera Lúcia Israel. "Decoding the aquatic motor behavior: description and reflection on the functional movement." Acta Scientiarum. Health Sciences 42 (February 27, 2020): e47129. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascihealthsci.v42i1.47129.
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Aquatic environment is widely used for recreational, sporting, and therapeutic activities. However, human motor functional behavior in immersion has not been sufficiently described. Such description is necessary to improve strategies used to perform movements in this environment and to possibly transfer them to land. Our goal is to offer a qualitative description of the aquatic motor behavior. We use action research to observe and describe motor behavior in water, which we systematized using the Aquatic Functional Assessment Scale, effects of water on the immersed body, its relationship with functional movements performed on land, and the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). The results allowed the systematization of aquatic movements based on unique features of water compared to effects of activities and participation of functional movement, under a biopsychosocial view of ICF. Such systematization of aquatic behaviors enables professionals to increase their strategies and interventions in water, through that understand the complexity of this approach and improve physical and therapeutic interventions that will have an impact on health.
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Belley-Ranger, Emilie, Hélène Carbonneau, Romain Roult, Isabelle Brunet, Marie-Michèle Duquette, and Estelle Nauroy. "Determinants of Participation in Sport and Physical Activity for Students with Disabilities According to Teachers and School-based Practitioners Specialized in Recreational and Competitive Physical Activity." Sport Science Review 25, no. 3-4 (September 1, 2016): 135–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ssr-2016-0008.
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AbstractBecause youth with disabilities participate less in physical activity than young people without disabilities and that schools play an important role in adopting a healthy lifestyle, it is important to deepen our understanding of the elements that foster participation of young people with disabilities in physical activity. The objective of this research is twofold: 1) establish the determinants of participation of youth with disabilities in physical education according to practitioners and 2) document the effects of an initiation and competition program for youth with disabilities on their physical activity. The collection of data using semi-structured interviews was conducted in two phases. The first, among teachers and school-based practitioners (n = 18), aimed to understand their experiences relating to the adoption of healthy lifestyles among their students with disabilities. As for the second, practitioners (n = 12) were interviewed during organized adapted sporting events. Analysis of the interviews shows two categories of determinants, namely determinants relating to school (winning conditions of the environment, the importance of extracurricular activities, and obstacles) as well as determinants relating to the professional competence of teachers (the role of teachers, collaboration between professionals, the benefits of sport and physical activity and obstacles encountered).
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Ho Kim, Yong, and Gul Won Bang. "Development of e-sport platform based on virtual reality with functionality." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.12 (April 3, 2018): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.12.11099.
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Background/Objectives: National health promotion through physical activities and expanding social participation as well as improvement of public welfare are emerging as important factors in meeting the needs of the times.Government policy and support measures for invigoratingphysical activities of the disabled and the aged are required in public interest. Therefore the development of e-sport machines combined with interest and its contentsis required as not only an infrastructure of physical activity which is able to be national sports as one man one sport but a new sport core technology.Methods/Statistical analysis: Eco-friendly device is adapted for realizing the sense of power of exercise in consideration of sense of using device like a real play and the effect of exercise. Background and character which reflect sport stadium and participating player to enhance a reality and color is realized. Color design for affective appraisals of the elderly is used.Findings: This study makes it possible not only to measure cognitive dysfunction such as dementia of the aged and memory deterioration but to develop the game which can be improved cognitive function through the measurement but to contribute national health improvement. It will be also considered to be able to secure baseline data in development environment forvirtual reality game product, including kinesthetic sense against the national game industry concentrated in online game. The development of tangible content and interface technology based on physical and psychologicalcondition ofthe aged also makes it possible to use indicator for requiring content in silver industryas well as development of sporting goods.It will be utilized data for the development of the applied technique of realistic content with functionality.Improvements/Applications: The game of sports is further developed after considering physical condition of the each elderly andit is expected to develop popular indoor sports and rehabilitation program.
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Webber, Don J., and Andrew Mearman. "Student participation in sporting activities." Applied Economics 41, no. 9 (April 2009): 1183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036840601019216.
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Malchrowicz-Mośko, Ewa, Maciej Młodzik, Patxi León-Guereño, and Katarzyna Adamczewska. "Male and Female Motivations for Participating in a Mass Cycling Race for Amateurs. The Skoda Bike Challenge Case Study." Sustainability 11, no. 23 (November 24, 2019): 6635. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11236635.
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The purpose of our research was twofold: to investigate the motivations for participating in a mass cycling event for amateurs and the motivational differences between men and women in cycling. This empirical study involving 385 cyclists was conducted during the fifth edition of the Skoda Bike Challenge held in Poznań in 2018. The event forms part of the UCI Gran Fondo World Series of events organized around the world, which are sanctioned by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI). A diagnostic survey method with a standardized interviewing technique was used to interview cyclists. The interview questionnaire was divided according to the MPAM-R scale (Motives for Physical Activity Measure–Revised). This scale assesses people’s motives for participating in physical activities. The following motivations were examined: appearance, fitness, social, competence/challenge, and enjoyment. Descriptive statistics were used. A chi-square test was used to determine characteristics between responses. Cramer’s φ for statistically significant scores was indicated. The research results show some differences between male and female motives for competitive amateur cycling. Statistically significant differences were found between the following motives: interest/enjoyment, competence/challenge, and fitness. This is important information from the point of view of promoting cycling and for organizers of cycling events in regions wishing to promote sports tourism as a form of sustainable development. An understanding of mass cycling motivations is needed, as such knowledge can be used to encourage cycling, which has a potentially positive effect on future cyclists’ physical and mental health. Learning about cycling motivations also allows us to determine which physical and mental health functions are fulfilled by mass sporting events and how to prepare for them. The motives for participating in mass cycling events for amateurs in Europe constitute an interesting field of research. The first part of the paper presents the literature review related to cycling in the context of motivations, sporting events, tourism, event management, and sustainable development, and the second part presents the results of our empirical study.
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MOSIDI, Olefile, and Emmanuel O. OWOLABI. "School Physical Education and Physical Fitness: A Study of Secondary School Students in Gaborone, Botswana." Asian Journal of Physical Education & Recreation 17, no. 1 (June 1, 2011): 78–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ajper.171891.
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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.
Physical Education (PE) was introduced into Botswana junior secondary schools as a curriculum subject eight years ago. Although it has the status of an optional subject, it appears to enjoy wide acceptability in many schools. One would normally expect the effects of participation in classroom physical education on students to depend on the PE curriculum’s physical activity contents and how these activity contents are implemented. The study was aimed assessing the role of school PE programme in Botswana secondary schools in promoting the physical fitness levels of students. It involved 300 male Junior secondary school students in Botswana. Twenty students each were selected from 15 schools. The 20 from each school comprised 10 second and third year students offering PE as a subject and another 10 from the same years not offering PE (Non-PE). The students from each school were randomly selected from among the regular recreation participants in each school. The details and demands of the study and tests were carefully explained to the students and their PE teachers after which the school’s PE teacher signed the informed consent form on behalf of the students. Data were collected on health Fitness components of body weight, BMI, Hand grip strength, flexibility, abdominal muscle endurance and cardio-respiratory endurance using established and acknowledged tests, instruments and protocols. Null hypothesis was set for each of the measured variables with the alpha level set at p<0.05. Data were analysed for means, standard deviations and the difference between groups’ means using the independent groups t test. The results showed that the PE group was significantly superior to the Non-PE group in grip strength, abdominal muscle endurance and cardio-respiratory endurance. The two groups were not significantly different in age, body weight, BMI and flexibility. It was concluded that participation in school PE among urban male junior secondary school students in Botswana enhanced selected physical fitness components. This enhancement could be specifically attributed to the regular participation in the physical activities inherent in the PE subject and/or the PE students’ increased and motivated participation in the schools’ recreational and sporting activities.
本文旨在探討非洲博茨瓦納學校體育和體適能，結果顯示學校體育有助提升學童的體適能，以及參與康體活動的動機。
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Korkmaz, M. F., M. Acak, and S. Duz. "The effect of sports shoes on flat foot." Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports 24, no. 2 (April 30, 2020): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15561/26649837.2020.0203.
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Objective: This study was conducted to determine the effects of participation in sports on the structural deformities of the foot. Methods: A total of 2013 athletes (1301 males, 712 females) who had regularly participated in sports for a minimum of three years were included in the study. Screening of the sole was performed using a podoscope as it is a reliable and practical device. The structure of the sole was evaluated with the highly valid Staheli index. Results: A significant relationship was detected between the ages of the athletes, years in sport, branch of sports variables and the prevalence of flat foot. However, no significant relationship was found between the athletes’ gender and the prevalence of flat foot. Conclusion: It is thought that the training regimes, the floor on which the sports is performed and the shoes used in sports had effects on flat foot deformity. Based on our results, we assert that redesigning the competition shoes and using sports shoes with arch support during warm-ups, running and other sportive and educational drills outside the routine activities of the sports branch may be beneficial for foot health.
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Takács, Bence. "Changes in leisure activity among young people aged 15–18 years in Hungary: physical activity, media-consumption and smoking." Orvosi Hetilap 154, no. 15 (April 2013): 581–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2013.29587.
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Introduction: Young people are more and more inactive, which has numerous well-known negative effects on their health. Several studies indicate that inactive lifestyle disposes people to sit in front of the television, which increases agression and decreases the willingness of reading. There is also a strong link between inactivity and an increase of body mass, deterioration of anthropometric parameters, and deviant behaviour. Aims: The aim of the study was to find out, on the basis of two cross-sectional surveys, the changes occurred within eight years in the free-time activity of Hungarian young people aged between 15 and 19 years. Methods: Data obtained from two surveys conducted by the National Institute for Family and Social Policy, Hungary in 2000 and 2008 including 1780 and 2018 young people, respectively, were analysed and compared. Results: The number of young people regularly involved in sport activity increased significantly, while their media-consumption failed to decrease. Physically active young people are more health-conscious, but regular sporting activity did not expel smoking, which was associated with a sedentary lifestyle and television watching. Conclusions: These data reveal new responses of a new generation; watching televison still takes the largest part of their free time activity, but use of computers, and participation in social activities are not necessarily increase sedentary lifestyle and deviant habits. Internet has positive effects on the regularity of their physical activity. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 581–589.
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Rowland, Guy L., Robert E. Franken, and Kimberley Harrison. "Sensation Seeking and Participation in Sporting Activities." Journal of Sport Psychology 8, no. 3 (September 1986): 212–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsp.8.3.212.
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A life-span inventory of sports participation and Zuckerman's (1979) Sensation Seeking Scale, Form V, were administered to 97 male and 104 female undergraduate students. The results indicated that, over time, high sensation seekers tend to become involved in more sports than do low sensation seekers, but low sensation seekers tend to remain involved with each sport for longer periods of time than do high sensation seekers. Gender and sensation seeking were found to interact in the choice of sporting activities. Low but generally positive correlations were observed between sensation seeking and participation in risky sports. These data suggest that both the need for new experiences and an attraction to high risk characterize the high sensation seeker 's participation in sporting activities.
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Blecher, Ronen, Michael A. Elliott, Emre Yilmaz, Joseph R. Dettori, Rod J. Oskouian, Akil Patel, Andrew Clarke, et al. "Contact Sports as a Risk Factor for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Systematic Review." Global Spine Journal 9, no. 1 (January 31, 2019): 104–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2192568218813916.
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Study Design: Systematic review. Introduction: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, ultimately resulting in paralysis and death. The condition is considered to be caused by a complex interaction between environmental and genetic factors. Although vast genetic research has deciphered many of the molecular factors in ALS pathogenesis, the environmental factors have remained largely unknown. Recent evidence suggests that participation in certain types of sporting activities are associated with increased risk for ALS. Objective: To test the hypothesis that competitive sports at the highest level that involve repetitive concussive head and cervical spinal trauma result in an increased risk of ALS compared with the general population or nonsport controls. Methods: Electronic databases from inception to November 22, 2017 and reference lists of key articles were searched to identify studies meeting inclusion criteria. Results: Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Sports assessed (professional or nonprofessional) included soccer (n = 5), American football (n = 2), basketball (n = 1), cycling (n = 1), marathon or triathlon (n = 1), skating (n = 1), and general sports not specified (n = 11). Soccer and American football were considered sports involving repetitive concussive head and cervical spinal trauma. Professional sports prone to repetitive concussive head and cervical spinal trauma were associated with substantially greater effects (pooled rate ratio [RR] 8.52, 95% CI 5.18-14.0) compared with ( a) nonprofessional sports prone to repetitive concussive head and cervical spinal trauma (pooled RR 0.60, 95% CI 0.12-3.06); ( b) professional sports not prone to repetitive head and neck trauma (pooled RR 1.35, 95% CI 0.67-2.71); or ( c) nonprofessional sports not prone to repetitive concussive head and cervical spinal trauma (pooled RR 1.17, 95% CI 0.79-1.71). Conclusions: Our review suggests that increased susceptibility to ALS is significantly and independently associated with 2 factors: professional sports and sports prone to repetitive concussive head and cervical spinal trauma. Their combination resulted in an additive effect, further increasing this association to ALS.
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Mirsafian, Hamidreza, Azadeh Mohamadinejad, Reza Homaei, and Csaba Hédi. "Motivations of Iranian University Students for Participation in Sporting Activities." Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research 59, no. 1 (October 1, 2013): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pcssr-2013-0016.
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Abstract This study was designed to reveal university students’ motivations for sport. A sample of 934 students (male: 47.4%; female: 52.6%) with different educational levels and fields of study were involved in our research. A revised and developed scale was employed for measuring the students’ motivation. Inferential and descriptive statistics were used to describe the differences in students’ motivations for sport. The results indicated that having fun and experiencing joy, maintaining physical and mental health, and having a fit body were rated most frequently as the students’ motivations for sport; whereas spending leisure time, being with friends, and participating in competitions were found as the lowest motivational dimensions. Furthermore, various motivational differences could be observed between students regarding their gender, age, educational level, and field of study. In conclusion, it is suggested that preparing special plans based on the students’ different motivations and on their special needs for sport could improve their participation rate in sporting activities.
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Hopper, Graeme Philip, and William Joseph Leach. "Participation in sporting activities following knee replacement: total versus unicompartmental." Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy 16, no. 10 (August 12, 2008): 973–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00167-008-0596-9.
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Oladejo, Maruff Akinwale, and Muhideen Adewale Oladejo. "CORRELATION OF EXTRA-CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES WITH STUDENTS’ STUDY HABITS IN UNIVERSITY OF LAGOS, AKOKA." Sokoto Educational Review 17, no. 2 (December 29, 2017): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.35386/ser.v17i2.36.
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Schools generally are established to expose students to a holistic curriculum that develops them mentally, physically, socially and morally through curricula and extra-curricular activities so as to be properly fit into society and the world of work. Thus, students are expected to par take in one extra-curricular activity or the other such as such as music, journalism, debating, sporting, and so on. In the recent times however, it seems there has been low participation of students in these extra-curricular activities. This might not be unconnected with the notion that students’ participation in these activities could affect their study time negatively. The present study therefore investigated extra-curricular activities namely music, journalism, debating and sporting as correlates of undergraduate students’’ study habits in University of Lagos, Akoka. The study used the descriptive research design of the case study type. A self-designed validated and reliable(r=.86) questionnaire was used for data collection. Four null hypotheses formulated and tested of 0.05 level of significance guided the study. A total number of 3500 students was selected through simple random sampling technique. Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient (PPCC) was used for data analysis. Findings revealed that there was a significant relationship between study habits and students’ participation in music(r=0.398; df-3498;p<0.05);journalism (r=0.404; df=3498; p<0.05); debating activities (r=0.811; df=3498; p<0.05); and Sporting activities(r=0.842; df=3498; p<0.05) respectively. Based on these findings, it was recommended among others, that Institutional administrators should make adequate provisions for necessary equipment and facilities that will encourage students’ active participation in extra-curricular activities. Healthy competitions among students based on these extra-curricular activities should be encouraged and rewarded accordingly.
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Vigdorchik, Jonathan M., Jeffrey J. Nepple, Nima Eftekhary, Michael Leunig, and John C. Clohisy. "What Is the Association of Elite Sporting Activities With the Development of Hip Osteoarthritis?" American Journal of Sports Medicine 45, no. 4 (July 30, 2016): 961–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546516656359.
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Background: Male athletes participating in certain elite sporting activities may be at an increased risk for development of hip osteoarthritis (OA) later in life. However, the strength of the association of participation in sporting activities with the increased risk of hip OA has not been well summarized. Purpose: To investigate the association of certain high-impact sporting activities with the risk of development of hip OA in elite athletes by conducting a systematic review of the available literature. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: PubMed, Cochrane, and EMBASE databases were searched to identify all potential studies. Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria, which included participation in elite-level sporting activities, greater than 50% male athletes in the study population, diagnosis of hip OA by radiograph, hospital admission or total hip arthroplasty (THA), and greater than 80% follow-up. Exclusion criteria were recreational sporting activities, primarily female cohorts as there was a dearth of available literature on the topic, and self-reported symptoms without radiographic confirmation of diagnosis. Most studies were with European athletes, where elite-level was defined as involvement in national- or professional-level competition. Results: Participation across elite-level impact sports was associated with increased risk of development of hip OA when compared with matched controls (odds ratio, 1.8-8.7). Twelve of 15 studies reviewed demonstrated an odds ratio of 1.8 or greater of developing hip OA in elite-level athletes. Handball was associated with the highest rate of OA of any sport, nearly 5 times that of matched controls. Soccer players demonstrated between 2 and 9 times increased risk of hip OA as defined by radiography or THA. Hockey players demonstrated 2 to 3 times increased risk of hip OA (THA or hospital admission). Five studies investigating the association of competitive long-distance running with hip OA demonstrated inconsistent results. Conclusion: Currently available literature suggests that male athletes participating in elite impact sports (soccer, handball, track and field, or hockey) are at an increased risk of developing hip OA, while those participating in high-level long-distance running do not have a clearly elevated risk. Further research is warranted to elucidate the pathomechanics of development of hip OA in these patients.
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Milne, George R., Mark A. McDonald, William A. Button, and Rajiv Kashyap. "A Niche-Based Evaluation of Sport Participation Patterns." Journal of Sport Management 10, no. 4 (October 1996): 417–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.10.4.417.
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This research examines the competitive niche positions of 36 sports and fitness activities reported in an American Sports Activities 1993 tracking study. The article discusses the advantages of viewing competition from an ecological niche perspective and presents a measure of competitive resource overlap (CRO) used in marketing for measuring niche breadth and niche overlap. The empirical study presents an intuitive mapping of the sports market and calculates the niche breadth and niche overlap for each sport. Managerial implications for sporting goods manufacturers, advertising agencies, corporate sponsors, fitness consultants, and other professionals interested in participant sports markets are given.
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Leslie, Eva, Ester Cerin, Christopher J. Gore, Alexis St George, Adrian Bauman, and Neville Owen. "Gender, Age, and Educational-Attainment Differences in Australian Adults’ Participation in Vigorous Sporting and Fitness Activities." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 1, no. 4 (October 2004): 377–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.1.4.377.
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Background:Participation in regular vigorous physical activity could confer health benefits additional to those derived from moderate-intensity physical activities that are currently the focus of public health strategies.Methods:Sociodemographic differences in reported participation in vigorous sporting and fitness activities over the past 2 weeks were examined using cross-sectional data from an Australian urban population sample.Results:Participation at least once in any form of vigorous physical activity and regular participation (six or more sessions) both decreased across successive age groups and from high to low levels of education. The most frequently reported types of vigorous physical activity were cycling (13.3%), jogging (10.1%), swimming (8.4%) for men; and swimming (8.9%), cycling (8.8%) and aerobics (8.6%) for women.Conclusion:Rates of regular participation in vigorous activities were low. Interventions might focus on ways to encourage younger adults to engage more regularly in these activities and to maintain participation through the lifespan.
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Congeni, Joseph, Tamara Murray, John Zak, Neil L. McNinch, Peyton Kline, and Danielle Morgan. "AN ASSESSMENT OF CLINICAL EFFICACY OF HYPOTHERMIC THERAPY FOLLOWING MILD TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY IN THE ADOLESCENT ATHLETE AS COMPARED TO AN UNTREATED ACTIVE CONTROL POPULATION." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 8, no. 4_suppl3 (April 1, 2020): 2325967120S0017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120s00171.
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Background: Hypothermic therapy has been shown to have clinical efficacy in a variety of cardiovascular injuries including cardiac arrest and myocardial infarction.1 It is standard of care for the treatment of neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and has shown improved outcomes with traumatic brain injury (TBI)2, and sports-related injuries. Additionally, in several anecdotal studies, cold therapy has been hypothesized to be equally as effective in limiting the damaging effects of the body’s response to mild traumatic brain injury, commonly known as concussion; but the primary limitation of these studies has been sample size.3, 4 Hypothesis/Purpose: This study is being conducted to quantify the clinical safety and efficacy of head and neck cooling when applied after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) among adolescents participating in sporting activities. Methods: A multi-center, prospective, randomized, non-blinded, dual-arm comparator study employing an adaptive design with two-phases: the 60-patient pilot study presented here, and the pivotal phase currently underway. After randomization, subjects in the standard of care arm receive brain rest. Subjects in the treatment group receive brain rest plus 30 minutes of cooling therapy at the initial and 72 hour visits. Primary endpoint: SCAT5 symptom severity score, evaluated from initial clinic visit through 4 weeks post injury. SCAT5 measured at initial visit (pre/post treatment, both arms), 72 hour visit (pre/post treatment for intervention arm, once for standard of care arm) and once at 10 day and 4 week follow up visits for both arms. Results: To evaluate primary endpoint, a Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance was conducted as intended for pivotal phase, with unstructured covariance and utilizing last observation carried forward technique. Dependent variable modelled as absolute change from initial SCAT5. Significant main effects and interaction effects noted (p-value < 0.01, < 0.01 and 0.02 respectively). To evaluate secondary endpoint, a Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test was conducted to examine potential differences in ImPACT Cognitive Efficiency Index, there was no evidence in the sample of significant differences (p-value = 0.600). All testing evaluated at alpha level of significance = 0.05. Conclusion: Preliminary results from pilot phase indicate significant treatment effects that change differently over time, depending on group. Pivotal phase to determine efficacy is currently underway. Tables/Figures: [Table: see text][Figure: see text] References: The effect of mild induced hypothermia on outcomes of patients after cardiac arrest: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Zhang et al. Critical Care (2015) 19:417. Therapeutic hypothermia for acute brain injuries. Andresen et al. Scandinavian Journal of trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine (2015) 23:42. The effect of selective head-neck cooling on physiological and cognitive functions in healthy volunteers. Jackson et al. Translational Neuroscience (2015) 6:131. Neurobiological effect of selective brain cooling after concussive injury. Walter et al. Brain imaging and behavior (2018) 2:891.
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Stegmann, Pascal, Roland Sieghartsleitner, Claudia Zuber, Marc Zibung, Lars Lenze, and Achim Conzelmann. "Successful talent development in popular game sports in Switzerland: The case of ice hockey." International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 16, no. 3 (February 10, 2021): 710–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747954121992764.
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There is continuing discussion in talent research on the best approach to developing sporting expertise through learning activities during early sport participation. Among other concepts, the specialized sampling model describes a pathway between early specialization and early sampling and yields promising results in Swiss football. As successful constellations of early sport participation might be affected by sport-specific constraints (e.g., age of peak performance, selection pressure, and physiological/psychological requirements), other popular game sports may show similar promising pathways. This study investigates whether ice hockey, another popular game sport in Switzerland, shows similar successful constellations of early sport participation. A sample of 98 former Swiss junior national team players born between 1984 and 1994 reported on early sport participation through a retrospective questionnaire. Using the person-oriented Linking of Clusters after removal of a Residue (LICUR) method, volumes of in-club practice, free play, and activities besides ice hockey until 12 years of age were analyzed, along with player’s age at initial club participation. The results indicate that ice hockey enthusiasts with the most free play and above-average in-club practice had a greater chance of reaching professional level compared to other groups. This implies that high domain specificity with varied sampling experiences is the most promising approach to developing sporting expertise in ice hockey. As similar results were previously found in Swiss football, comparable sport-specific constraints might indeed require similar constellations of learning activities during early sport participation. Therefore, in popular game sports in Switzerland, the specialized sampling model seems to be most promising.
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Marzec, Arkadiusz, Waldemar Woźniak, and Dariusz Sarzała. "THE REHABILITATION FUNCTION OF SPORT IN A PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTEXT." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 4 (May 21, 2019): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2019vol4.3787.
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Sporting activity plays an important role in the lives of many people, while at the same time affecting their social functioning. The problem discussed in this paper refers to the psychological context of sporting activity of prisoners, who are people isolated from society and subjected to social rehabilitation. The aim of the analysis presented in this paper is to identify possible relations between sporting activity and personality traits of perpetrators of crimes participating in the rehabilitation process. This problem is socially important as some personality traits may reduce the effectiveness of rehabilitation, while others may contribute to improving the effects of such activities and, at the same time, to positive functioning in the society. An analysis of selected texts relating to the problem revealed that the prisoners who were actively involved in sports had a higher level of emotional stability and extroversion compared to those who did not engage in such activities. Emotional stability is a desirable feature. Although extroversion may be considered a positive trait, it should be approached with caution in the case of prisoners as its high level may, at least in some cases, lead to impulsive or even violent behaviour.
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Marshall, Tony, and June-Ho Jang. "Educational Facility Users: A Study on Improving Environmental Curricula and General Pedagogy from Students and Instructors in Anyang." Journal of Studies in Education 9, no. 1 (January 17, 2019): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jse.v9i1.14172.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate ways to improve environmental curricula and local pedagogy by analyzing the satisfaction factors of student and instructors of various educational facilities in Anyang, South Korea. A survey questionnaire was conducted for 30 days from August 27, 2018 to September 26, 2018, for a sample group consisting of 1,000participants in Anyang. The survey questionnaire investigated various curricula and the educational, recreational, social, and environmental effects of pedagogy while studying the spatial, service, environmental, and policy factors of its corresponding facilities for both students and instructors.The cognitions of ‘Awareness to curriculum and pedagogy’ were analyzed. The cognitions of the purpose of taking classes were dispersed somewhat steadily among possible selections with ‘...for personal growth in developing skills.’ set at the highest frequency, and ‘...to be able to give and follow orders.’ set at the lowest frequency. In addition, class satisfaction was moderately set at above average frequency, while the above average frequency of student-teacher relationships was set moderately lower than class satisfaction’s above average frequency. In regards to curriculum and pedagogy satisfaction, the frequencies of both were set somewhat steadily. ‘Athletics and wellness’ was the most liked, while ‘Mathematics’ was the least liked. In addition, ‘Visual spatial’ and ‘Auditory-musical’ was the most liked, while ‘Solitary’ study was the least liked. Then, in ‘Checking academic progress’, ‘Tests/exams’ was set at the highest frequency, while ‘Frequent homework’ was set at the lowest frequency. In regards to fondness of nature and pets, ‘Outdoor activities’ were set at a significantly high frequency of approval, while ‘Have or want pets’ was set at a significantly low frequency of approval. Thus, the potential capability of environmental curricula improvements and general pedagogical improvements is very strong. In cognition towards the awareness on effects of environmental pedagogy, ‘Participate in camping and outdoor sporting (fishing, hiking, etc.)’ and ‘Participate in special interest meetings (hobbies and camps)’ were shown to be in high points of agreement. Furthermore, in preference of the types and activities of the 7 styles of pedagogy, ‘Use images, pictures, color and other visual media’, ‘Use sound, rhyme, and music’, ‘Role-playing is a technique that works well with others’, and ‘Highlighting your thoughts and feelings when you visualize’ were shown to be highly preferred types. Within the awareness on effects of environmental pedagogy, the three (3) factors were categorized as; ‘Environmental improving effects’, ‘Cultivation of gardens’, and ‘Participation in experiencing/education programs’ respectfully. In addition, three(3) factors were prevalent in types and activities of the 7 styles of pedagogy, thus categorized as ‘Analytical Learner’, ‘Emotional Learner’, and ‘Investigative Learner’.In addition to conducting a correlation analysis to determine the correlation between the preference of class satisfaction and satisfaction with nature responses for possible continuity, further research analytics rearranged the acquired data into two (2) additional forms of data output consisting of clusters and parallel plot groups. There were four (4) distinct clusters created from a dendrogram that grouped each participant’s profile according to fifty-six (56) of their cumulative survey questionnaire responses. Within the dendrogram of participant profiles, the four clusters were categorized as; ‘Low environmental engagement’, ‘Moderate environmental engagement’, ‘High environmental engagement’, and ‘Arbitrary environmental engagement’ with respect to environmental curriculum and pedagogy. Furthermore, the dendrogram data was converted to a series parallel plot points groups. Moreover, five (5) additional parallel plot groups were created and categorized by academic level, occupation, residence, age, and gender respectively.Conclusively, although the current situation of the city of Anyang is in the stages of major urban redevelopment, the potential overall effects of environmental education in Anyang are great. In the future, a diverse plethora of programs, such as diverse education/experiencing programs and information supporting programs can be applied to future curriculum and pedagogical development. In addition, the results of this study can be used as basic material for studying environmental awareness and directions of improvement for environmental education and pedagogy in the future.
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Van Bavel, Marjolein. "Morbo, lucha libre, and Television: The Ban of Women Wrestlers from Mexico City in the 1950s." Mexican Studies/Estudios Mexicanos 37, no. 1 (2021): 9–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/msem.2021.37.1.9.
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This article examines the emergence of the ban on women wrestlers from the sporting spectacle of lucha libre in Mexico City in the 1950s. Set against broader moral preoccupations about the growing popularity and visibility of lucha libre in Mexican society as a result of its broadcasting on television, luchadoras were seen as examples of transgressive femininity, which rendered attempts to make them invisible necessary. This work joins the efforts of scholars who write the history of women’s participation and exclusion from sporting activities and contributes to the growing fields of sports studies and studies of mass culture within Mexico.
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Harvey-Kelly, K. F., N. K. Kanakaris, O. Obakponovwe, R. West, C. S. Roberts, and P. V. Giannoudis. "Special Feature: Sports & Exercise Medicine." Journal of The Royal Naval Medical Service 100, no. 1 (March 2014): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jrnms-100-75.
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AbstractBackgroundPelvic fractures (PFX) reflect high-energy trauma with high mortality and morbidity.AimWe attempted to determine: whether there is a decrease in levels of sporting and physical activity in patients with operatively-treated PFX; risk factors for decreased sporting activity; any correlation between sporting activity and quality of life in this group.MethodsRetrospective demographics on mechanism of injury, fracture type, associated injury and injury severity score, as well as prospective documentation of the level and frequency of sporting activity, were collected from adult patients treated operatively for a PFX between 2007 and 2010, using a specifically designed questionnaire. Quality of life before and after injury was also recorded using the EuroQol-5D health-outcome tool.Results80 patients without pre-existing musculoskeletal disability were enrolled. The mean age was 44.9 years (18-65). The mean follow-up was 30.5 months (12-39). A decrease in level and frequency of sporting activity was observed. It was associated with lower-extremity associated injuries, but not with injury severity score, PFX severity, PFX type, age, or timing of follow-up. Sporting activity before injury predicted higher levels of sporting participation after injury. Decreased sporting activity after injury was associated with decreased EuroQol-5D score.ConclusionsPatients should be counselled on the likelihood of a reduction in sporting activities after surgically treated PFX. A larger multi-centre study is needed to further expand on the evidence of the true impact of PFX and its associated injuries on sporting activity.
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Akandere, Mehibe, Fatma Arslan, and Evrim Cakmakci. "Effects of Regenerated Sportive Activities on the Empathic Tendency of Women." Journal of Education and Training Studies 6, no. 4 (March 16, 2018): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/jets.v6i4.2983.
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The purpose of this study is to determine the levels of empathy for regularly exercising women and to determine whether empathy levels differ according to some variables.The study is planned as a single group pretest-posttest. 178 sedentary and healthy adult women participated in the study as a volunteer. Aerobic-Dance Exercise program was applied to the participants 60 minutes a day, 3 days per week for 8 weeks; then, The Empathic Tendency Scale (EQS) were filled at the beginning and at the end of the exercise program. The validity and reliability study of the scale was conducted by Dokmen (1988).Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 16.00 software was used in the analysis of the data obtained from the research. One way ANOVA was used to determine the differences between the groups when the data showed normal distribution and after the homogeneity of the variances was tested, the Tukey test was used for differences between the groups and the error level was taken as 0.05.When the findings are examined; the mean score of " Empathic Tendency " according to the marital status, the study status and the number of children of the participants was statistically significant in the pretest-posttest after the exercise program (p<0.005). But, there was no statistically significant difference between the group's comparisons in terms of the “Empathic Tendency "(p>0.05). As a result, it was seen that exercise had a positive effect on the "Empathic Tendency” levels of the women participating in the study.
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Lera-López, Fernando, and María José Suárez. "Deporte activo y pasivo: ¿Una relación de conveniencia?" Studies of Applied Economics 30, no. 2 (May 24, 2020): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.25115/eea.v30i2.3537.
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This empirical paper studies the relationship between individual decisions regarding active and passive sport activities, using a survey conducted in the Spanish region of Navarra in 2007. Firstly, we estimate a bivariate Probit model and a multinomial Logit to analyze sports practice and sporting event attendance. Secondly, we apply a bivariate Tobit model to estimate the determinants of individual expenditures related to both activities. In both participation and expenditures, the results show a significant and positive correlation between active and passive sport activities after controlling for socio-demographic variables.
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Bourdas, Dimitrios I., and Emmanouil D. Zacharakis. "Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Physical Activity in a Sample of Greek Adults." Sports 8, no. 10 (October 21, 2020): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports8100139.
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It is well known that physical inactivity increases the risk of global death; however, the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown strategy on physical activity (PA) remains unclear. This study compared PA—i.e., daily occupation, transportation to and from daily occupation, leisure time activities, and regular sporting activities—prior (PRE) and during (POST) the on-going COVID-19 outbreak in the Greece lockdown environment. A Greek version of the web-based Active-Q questionnaire was used to access PA. The questionnaire was filled out twice (once each for the PRE and POST conditions) by 8495 participants (age = 37.2 ± 0.2 years (95% confidence interval (CI), 36.9–37.5); males = 38.3% (95%CI, 36.7–40.0); females = 61.7% (95%CI, 60.4–63.0). The relative frequency of overall sporting activities, which, prior to lockdown, occurred at least once per month, and overall participation in competitive sports was significantly reduced (8.6% (95%CI, 7.9–9.3) and 84.7% (95%CI, 82.9–86.6) respectively). With the exception of overall leisure time activities, which were significantly increased in the POST condition, daily occupational, transportation, and sporting activities significant reduced (p < 0.05). Overall PA was reduced in all genders, age, body mass index (BMI) and PA level subgroups in the POST condition, and an interaction between the males and High PA subgroups was observed. The change in overall PA (from PRE to POST conditions) was −16.3% (95%CI, −17.3 to −15.4), while in daily occupational, transportation, and sporting activities, it was −52.9% (95%CI, −54.8–51.0), −41.1% (95%CI, −42.8–39.5) and −23.9% (95%CI, −25.1–22.8), respectively. Thus, the lockdown period is highly associated with a negative change in overall PA. During lockdown, inactivity increased dramatically, with males and the high PA population affected significantly more. The decline in PA is a great concern due to possible long-term consequences on public health and healthcare system.
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Wheeler, Sharon, Ken Green, and Miranda Thurston. "Social class and the emergent organised sporting habits of primary-aged children." European Physical Education Review 25, no. 1 (May 15, 2017): 89–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1356336x17706092.
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This paper reports on the patterns of participation in organised sports of youngsters coming towards the end of primary school, with a view to identifying emergent sporting habits in relation to social class gradients. The data for the study were generated via 90 semi-structured interviews with parents and children from 62 families. The data revealed differences in organised activity participation (both at and beyond school) between an ‘under-class’ and combined middle-class groups of children, as well as within-class gradients among the middle-class sub-groups. There were, for example, substantial differences between the under-class group and the combined middle-class group in terms of both the average number of bouts of organised sports participation and the repertoire or variety of sports engaged with. In effect, the mid- and upper-middle-class children were already sporting and cultural omnivores by the final years of primary schooling. We conclude that while the primary school organised sporting ‘offer’ may be neither a sufficient nor even a necessary contribution to the emerging sporting habits of mid- and upper-middle-class children, for under-class children it is likely to be necessary even though it may still prove, in the longer run, insufficient.
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Bryukhanova, A. Yu, K. A. Manuilova, A. S. Garkovenko, and V. L. Arkhipova. "SPECIAL FEATURES OF EVENT VOLUNTEERING AT INTERNATIONAL SPORTING EVENTS: ON THE EXAMPLE FREESTYLE WORLD CUP." Bulletin of Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University named after V.P. Astafiev 53, no. 3 (October 30, 2020): 116–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.25146/1995-0861-2020-53-3-226.
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Statement of the problem. Today, promotion and development of volunteers’ activities is considered one of the priority areas for the youth and social state policy. The importance of studying volunteer activities is explained by the fact that soon a number of large-scale events will take place on the territory of our country and the city; experienced and qualified volunteers will definitely come in handy to organize and carry out them successfully. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of the work of volunteers at a major sporting event. The research methodology is based on the analysis of literary sources; questionnaires; methods of mathematical data processing. Research results. The categories of people who are engaged in volunteer activities were identified; functional areas that are most in demand were established; the experience and competence of volunteers at this event was assessed; the factors that induce volunteers to participate in the organization of a major sporting event were identified. Conclusion. In the course of the study, the features of the work of volunteers at major sporting events were identified. The reasons for the emerging difficulties associated with the communication of the volunteer staff with athletes and spectators are identified, and the problems of organizing volunteer support at the venue are analyzed. The factors of motivation for youth participation in volunteer activities are considered.
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Pike, Elizabeth C. J., and Joseph A. Maguire. "Injury in Women’s Sport: Classifying Key Elements of “Risk Encounters”." Sociology of Sport Journal 20, no. 3 (September 2003): 232–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.20.3.232.
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This paper provides a development from previous conceptual frameworks related to the risk/pain/injury nexus in sporting subcultures (Hughes & Coakley, 1991; Maguire & Roberts, 1998; Nixon, 1992; Young, 1991). To do this, we have developed a model of factors contributing to injury risk in sport. In outlining our framework we seek to trace the enabling and coercive social forces that combine to act upon athletes and consequently promote participation to the extent of risking injury. This paper is grounded in a two-year study of female rowers in the United Kingdom. Several dimensions of sporting activities are mapped out, including the physical and structural settings, or “stage” upon which the sport takes place; preparation and participation in the sport itself; and the athletes’ attitudes toward, and actions on, receiving an injury. The themes identified in the model are used to “make sense” of the substantive insights drawn from the rowers’ stories.
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Mott, Morris. "One Solution to the Urban Crisis: Manly Sports and Winnipeggers, 1900-1914." Perspectives on Sports and Urban Studies 12, no. 2 (October 23, 2013): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1018957ar.
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In the first decade and a half of the twentieth century, a large number of Winnipeggers became concerned about urban problems in their city. In the opinion of many respected citizens, greater participation in "manly" sports was one method of neutralizing the detrimental physical and moral effects of living in a congested urban environment. The work of these citizens created an explosion of sporting activity in Manitoba's capital during these years. This explosion had a permanent effect on Winnipeg's sporting culture. It bequethed a legacy of innovative promotion and wide community participation, and a sense that sports played by young people should be organized "properly."
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Girish, V. G., and Choong-Ki Lee. "The relationships of brand experience, sports event image and loyalty." International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship 20, no. 4 (November 4, 2019): 567–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijsms-08-2017-0095.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationships among brand experience, sports event image and loyalty in the Jeju International Ultramarathon Race. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from 313 ultramarathon runners during the 16th Jeju International Ultramarathon Race. Statistical analyses were carried out using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. Findings An analysis of the relationship between brand experience and sports event image revealed that affective experience is the most influential dimension, followed by sensory and behavioral experiences. However, intellectual experience showed insignificant relationship. Sports event image indicated a positive effect on word-of-mouth and revisit intention. Research limitations/implications Ultramarathon races are sporting events with few participants, even though it is becoming more popular. The attitude, motivation and personality of people participating in these races may be different in terms of the extreme characteristic and endurance level of sports activity. If the results of this study need to be generalized with other sports event images, a comparative study may help to understand the personality traits of people participating in ultramarathon races and other sports. Practical implications As ultramarathon races are not yet popular sports, to target more people, behavioral experience has an influential role because it is action oriented and actively engages the body. Enriching consumer life by facilitating and creating opportunities to physically experience as well as showing them alternate ways of doing things may attract them to substitute lifestyle and interactions (Pine and Gilmore, 1999). Few other popular endurance race events organize short-distance races and kid races for fun (e.g. Lavaredo Ultra trail race), to engage friends and family members before the start of the main event. Doing so may provide an opportunity to attract more runners, and they may engage in running activities and participate in these kinds of events later, after having this sort of casual experience. Social implications Social networking sites may be used to maintain continuous interaction with the runners and followers. Supporting a social cause is another measure to generate the intellectual experience of sports events. The result of this study shows no significant relationship between intellectual experience and the sports event image. To increase the worldwide popularity of this race and to attract more international runners, a judicious use of web platforms may be an option to maintain regular contact with a wider group of audience. Originality/value This study is the first to examine the relationship between brand experience and sports event image in an ultramarathon event context. Findings contribute to an understanding of the impact of brand experience on sports event image, thereby influencing the loyalty of runners participating in an ultramarathon event.
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Karim, Doddy Abdul, Yudi Hendrayana, Amung Mamun, and Dian Budiana. "The Impact of Sports Course on ITB Student Participation and Enjoyment in Physical and Sporting Activities." International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences 9, no. 4A (July 2021): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.13189/saj.2021.091314.
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Ørntoft, Christina, Malte Nejst Larsen, Mads Madsen, Lene Sandager, Ida Lundager, Andreas Møller, Lone Hansen, et al. "Physical Fitness and Body Composition in 10–12-Year-Old Danish Children in Relation to Leisure-Time Club-Based Sporting Activities." BioMed Research International 2018 (December 27, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9807569.
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This study investigated whether the physical fitness and body composition of 10–12-year-old Danish children are related to participation in leisure-time club-based sporting activities. The study involved 544 Danish 10–12-year-old 5th-grade municipal schoolchildren (269 boys and 275 girls, 11.1 ± 0.4 years). After answering a questionnaire about leisure-time sporting activities, the children were divided into four groups: football club participation (FC; n=141), other ball games (OBG; n=42), other sports (OS; n=194), and no sports-club participation (NSC; n=167). The children completed a battery of health and fitness tests, including a 20 m sprint test, a standing long-jump test, the Yo-Yo IR1 children’s test (YYIR1C), and body composition, blood pressure, resting heart rate (HRrest), and the flamingo balance test. The children engaged in club-based ball games (FC and OBG) had higher (p<0.05) lean body mass than NSC (FC: 17.5 ± 2.9; OBG: 18.4 ± 2.6; OS: 16.7 ± 2.9; NSC: 16.4 ± 2.8 kg), performed better (p<0.05) in the YYIR1C test (FC: 1083 ± 527; OBG: 968 ± 448; OS: 776 ± 398; NSC: 687 ± 378 m), and had lower (p<0.05) %HRmax after 1, 2, and 3 min of YYIR1C. Moreover, HRrest was lower (p<0.05) for FC than for OS and NSC (FC: 68 ± 9 vs OS: 72 ± 10 and NSC: 75 ± 10 bpm), and lower (p<0.05) for OBG than for NSC (OBG: 70 ± 10 vs NSC: 75 ± 10 bpm). This study found that 10–12-year-old Danish children engaged in club-based football and other ball games had better exercise capacity, lower resting heart rate, and higher muscle mass than children not engaged in leisure-time sports. Thus, participation in club-based leisure-time ball-game activities seems to be of importance for the fitness and health profile of prepubertal children.
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McPherson, Lynne, Maureen Long, Matthew Nicholson, Nadine Cameron, Prue Atkins, and Meg E. Morris. "Children’s experience of sport in Australia." International Review for the Sociology of Sport 52, no. 5 (October 6, 2015): 551–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1012690215608517.
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Australia is known as a ‘sporting nation’ and sport is central to its cultural identity. Children’s participation in leisure activities, including sport, is considered to be of such importance that it is enshrined as an international human right. There is a growing awareness, however, that children’s experience of sport is not always positive and that abuse and harm may occur in organised sport. This paper reports on a study designed to explore children’s experiences of organised sport, as recounted by young adults between the ages of 18 and 25 years. A mixed methods study design was implemented, which resulted in 107 survey responses and 10 follow-up interviews with young adults. Overwhelmingly, young people reported the lasting developmental benefits of participation in organised sport as children. More than 50% also reported negative experiences, including emotional and physical harm and sexual harassment. The reasons for these apparently contradictory findings are explored. The role of coaches, peers, parents and the wider sporting association ethos are investigated and suggestions made for future research.
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Czarnota, Katarzyna. "SITUATION OF ROMANIAN ROMA LIVING IN ENCAMPMENTS IN POLAND AND OPPORTUNITIES OF PARTICIPATION IN SPORTING ACTIVITIES THE CASE OF POZNAŃ." Society Register 2, no. 1 (August 10, 2018): 77–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/sr.2018.2.1.05.
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The phenomenon of migration and the challenges in the new hosting country have been often analysed in relation to the newcomers arriving from states outside of the European Union. However, in Poland these are the citizens of the EU who face discrimination. At the same time, despite the principles of the EU programs concerning different spheres and operations of integrative and inclusive character aimed at foreign nationals, including sport initiatives, Roma have been systematically omitted and excluded since the 1990s. This situation caused this group to be deprived of the right to work, health care, welfare and adequate housing and education. Opportunities of participating in sporting activities are very limited. In Poland, only a few non-governmental organisations and anti-racist activist initiatives attempt to cooperate with the members of this community. The first part of the article contains a broad introduction to the situation of Romanian Roma in Poland which is necessary in the light of the lack of studies on this subject within Polish sociology, and allows the reader to grasp the wider context of the discussion on the issue of access to sporting activities. Then, drawing on the research and activist experience, the author describes local sport initiatives available to Roma children living in the Poznań encampment, with emphasis on informal initiatives.
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Khan, Wasim, Asif Ali, Salahuddin Khan, and Naveed Yazdani. "Islamic Perspective Regarding the Promotion of Health and Participation in Sports Activities." Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization 10, no. 101 (June 2020): 364–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/jitc.101.20.
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Sound health is considered a prerequisite for performing any action, whether it is participation in sports or performing any other activity of life. From the perspective of Islam, health and fitness are imperative for the appropriate performance of various religious obligations. Sports and other physical activities are considered very effective means to achieve good health. In this paper, the researchers analyzed diverse Islamic standards and rules with reference to participation in games. Moreover, researchers also analyzed the preservation and maintenance of health in the light of the teachings of Islam. After a brief discussion, it was concluded that the Islamic approach is very clear and Islam endorses the upkeep and maintenance of health, fitness and physical power. It was also concluded that sports and other physical activities of today are variations of such activities performed in the past. The study also claims that Islam promotes involvement in leisure sports and other physical activities carried out to strengthen the body and to retain fitness, while observing Islamic teachings, formulated rules and regulations. It can be inferred that the Holy Prophet (SAW) not only took part in different games but also convinced and encouraged his disciples to take part in sporting activities.
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Frick, B., and P. Wicker. "The trickle-down effect: how elite sporting success affects amateur participation in German football." Applied Economics Letters 23, no. 4 (August 5, 2015): 259–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2015.1068916.
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Melin, Roger. "Are Sportspersons Good Moral Role Models?" Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research 64, no. 1 (December 30, 2014): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pcssr-2014-0023.
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AbstractIt has been thought that sportspersons, through their participation in sport, acquire moral attitudes and behavior that make them good moral role models. These moral attitudes and behavior can be called the ethos of sport, and consist of the principles of fair play and courage, justice, and honesty. In this article, it is argued that this belief is mistaken. Through four very common examples of sporting practice, it is shown that sport, contrary to providing a good basis for proper moral behavior, promotes what otherwise would be called non-moral attitudes and behavior. As a conclusion, it is pointed out that sportspersons might very well be good moral role models, but that they would be moral role models in spite of the fact that they are involved in sporting activities.
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Vingård, Eva, Lars Alfredsson, and Henrik Malchau. "Osteoarthrosis of the Hip in Women and Its Relationship to Physical Load from Sports Activities." American Journal of Sports Medicine 26, no. 1 (January 1998): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03635465980260013101.
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In a case-control study, the relationship between sporting activities and osteoarthrosis of the hip in women was investigated. The study base comprised Swedish women 50 to 70 years of age between 1991 and 1994. Case subjects (N 230) had had total hip replacements because of primary osteoarthrosis of the hip, and control subjects (N 273) were randomly selected women without hip problems from the study base. All women were interviewed about sports activities to the age of 50, health status, smoking habits, occupational history, and work in the home. Three exposure classes were defined based on total hours of sports activities aggregated to the age of 50. The relative risks of developing osteoarthrosis of the hip leading to total hip replacement was 2.3 (confidence interval, 1.5 to 3.7) for those with high sports exposure and 1.5 (0.9 to 2.5) for those with medium sports exposure compared with those with low exposure. The relative risks were adjusted for age, occupational physical load, body mass index, hormone therapy, and smoking. Physical load from sporting activities seems to be a moderate risk factor for women for the development of severe osteoarthrosis of the hip. Participation in sports was low, and therefore individual risk estimates for different sports activities were not possible to obtain.
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Darcy, Simon, Janice Ollerton, and Simone Faulkner. "“Why Can’t I Play?”: Transdisciplinary Learnings for Children with Disability’s Sport Participation." Social Inclusion 8, no. 3 (August 17, 2020): 209–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v8i3.2750.
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This article explores the constraints to mainstream sports participation of children with disability in community sports clubs and schools through their lived experiences and the perceptions of parents, teachers, coaches, and club officials. It does so by administering an open-ended survey instrument to a sample of participants recruited from schools, sporting facilities, and disability organizations in New South Wales and Victoria, Australia. The data were analysed through a transdisciplinary conceptual framework which brought together the social model of disability (disability studies) with the leisure constraints framework (leisure studies), which have been encouraged by both academics and practitioners. The findings identified ableist and disablist practices, creating an enabled understanding of the facilitators for social inclusion. Participants perceived that interrelated intrapersonal, interpersonal, and structural constraints excluded children from their desired sporting activities. Through applying the social model of disability to the leisure constraints framework, the findings and discussion showed that a great deal of what had been considered intrapersonal constraints of the child with disability could be reinterpreted as interpersonal and structural constraints through enabling socially inclusive practices. The implications are that a social model of disability brings a new social lens to understanding constraints to sport participation for children with disability and can produce effective strategies for inclusion in sport at schools and community sport clubs.
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Alamri, Abeer Ahmed. "Participation of Muslim Female Students in Sporting Activities in Australian Public High Schools: The Impact of Religion." Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs 33, no. 3 (September 2013): 418–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13602004.2013.853980.
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