Relevant bibliographies by topics / Effective FSU size

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Effective FSU size'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Effective FSU size"

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Adamus-Górka, M., B. Lind, and A. Brahme. "30 Influence of the effective size of the functional subunit (FSU) on rat spinal cord paralysis." Radiotherapy and Oncology 76 (September 2005): S24—S25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(05)81008-4.

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Kyriazi, H. T., G. E. Carvell, J. C. Brumberg, and D. J. Simons. "Quantitative effects of GABA and bicuculline methiodide on receptive field properties of neurons in real and simulated whisker barrels." Journal of Neurophysiology 75, no. 2 (February 1, 1996): 547–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1996.75.2.547.

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1. Carbon fiber multibarrel glass microelectrodes were used to record extracellular single-unit activity during microiontophoretic application of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) or bicuculline methiodide (BMI) onto layer IV barrel neurons in the somatosensory cortex of fentanyl-sedated rats. Excitatory and inhibitory aspects of the neurons' receptive fields were quantified with the use of controlled whisker stimuli. The principally activating whisker and one of its immediately adjacent neighbors were deflected alone or in paired combinations involving a condition-test paradigm. 2. Units were distinguished electrophysiologically on the basis of the time course of their action potential waveforms. Data were obtained from 26 regular-spike units (RSUs; presumed spiny stellate cells) and 7 fast-spike units (FSUs; presumed GABAergic neurons). An average of 15.0 nA of GABA produced a one-third to one-half reduction in RSU responses evoked by the maximally effective stimulus. An average of 8.7 nA of BMI was needed to counteract this reduction. This amount of BMI, in the absence of exogenous GABA, was found to increase average RSU and FSU responses by 98 and 53%, respectively, relative to predrug levels. 3. For RSUs, the BMI-induced twofold increase in responses evoked by moving the principal whisker at the neuron's best deflection angle was accompanied by an almost threefold increase in responses evoked by similarly moving an adjacent whisker. Disproportionately large percentage increases were also seen for responses to nonpreferred directions of principal and adjacent whisker movement. BMI thus effectively increased receptive field size and decreased angular tuning. Similarly, responses to stimulus offsets, which are normally smaller than ON responses, were increased proportionally more. 4. Predrug responses of FSUs were more vigorous than those of RSUs. However, FSUs showed a similar inverse relationship between percentage increase with BMI and initial response magnitude, although the proportional increases were less pronounced. 5. GABA, like BMI, had the greatest proportional effects on those responses that were initially smallest. It produced results opposite those of BMI, effectively decreasing receptive field size and sharpening angular tuning. 6. A previously described computational model of a barrel was tested for its ability to reproduce quantitatively the effects of BMI and GABA. The application of BMI was simulated by decreasing the strength of the inhibitory inputs onto the particular cell under study in the model network. GABA microiontophoresis was simulated by adding a constant hyperpolarizing voltage. The model RSUs and FSUs displayed proportional changes in response magnitude that were quantitatively similar to those of their biological counterparts. 7. Surround inhibition was greatly attenuated by BMI application, both for the real and simulated barrel neurons. Disinhibition was less pronounced for the former, perhaps because, unlike the simulated neurons, they also possess GABAB receptors, which are unaffected by BMI. 8. We conclude that the inhibitory receptive field properties of barrel neurons can be explained by intrabarrel inhibition and that the expansion of receptive field size and loss of angular tuning with BMI is due to an enhanced effectiveness of convergent, multi-whisker thalamocortical input. Examination of the model neurons' behavior suggests that the altered activity in response to GABA or BMI application, respectively, can be explained by the nonlinear effects of shifting somal membrane potential away from or toward the neuron's firing threshold.
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Kozlenko, L. S., and S. G. Sineva. "Side effects of rifampicin." Kazan medical journal 67, no. 1 (January 15, 1986): 42–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj63059.

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Rifampicin (rifadin) has entered therapeutic practice as an effective and relatively mildly toxic antibiotic. Of the side effects of the drug, liver disorders are the most common. Influenza-like syndrome, which develops under intermittent rifampicin therapy, is much rarer. A peculiarity of our case is that the flu-like syndrome of allergic nature occurred in a patient against the background of using glucocorticoid hormones and other desensitizing agents.
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Cui, Wenbin, and Ajith H. Perera. "What do we know about forest fire size distribution, and why is this knowledge useful for forest management?" International Journal of Wildland Fire 17, no. 2 (2008): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf06145.

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Forest fire size distribution (FSD) is one of the suite of indicators of forest fire regimes. It is applied in forest fire management, particularly for planning and evaluating suppression efforts. It is also used in forest management in the context of emulating natural fire disturbances. Given the recent growth in research and applied interest in this topic, we review and synthesise the state of knowledge on FSD, and identify sources of knowledge uncertainties and future research directions. Based on literature, it is common for forest fires to follow the power law probability distribution, particularly the truncated subtype, under a variety of forest types and forest and fire management practices. Other types of FSD are also observed, but under specific circumstances. Although there is evidence that observed FSDs vary both over space and time, the knowledge is too fragmented to generalise the cause–effect relationships for such variation. As well, it is not clear how the various methods of studying FSD and their spatio-temporal scales influence derivations of FSDs. We suggest that a hypothetico-deductive research approach, combining empirical studies with process-based simulations is an effective means to advance the knowledge of FSD. We suggest caution in the use of FSD in forest management because applying different distributions or even different parameters for the same distribution may result in great fire size class differences and thus different implications for forest management.
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MORIMOTO, Yuki, and Nobuhiro NAKAMURA. "601 Feasibility study on effective utilizing methods of Nachiguro stone powder : Influence of particle size." Proceedings of the Materials and processing conference 2013.21 (2013): _601–1_—_601–3_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemp.2013.21._601-1_.

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Shiri, Tinevimbo, Angela Loyse, Lawrence Mwenge, Tao Chen, Shabir Lakhi, Duncan Chanda, Peter Mwaba, et al. "Addition of Flucytosine to Fluconazole for the Treatment of Cryptococcal Meningitis in Africa: A Multicountry Cost-effectiveness Analysis." Clinical Infectious Diseases 70, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz163.

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Abstract Background Mortality from cryptococcal meningitis remains very high in Africa. In the Advancing Cryptococcal Meningitis Treatment for Africa (ACTA) trial, 2 weeks of fluconazole (FLU) plus flucytosine (5FC) was as effective and less costly than 2 weeks of amphotericin-based regimens. However, many African settings treat with FLU monotherapy, and the cost-effectiveness of adding 5FC to FLU is uncertain. Methods The effectiveness and costs of FLU+5FC were taken from ACTA, which included a costing analysis at the Zambian site. The effectiveness of FLU was derived from cohorts of consecutively enrolled patients, managed in respects other than drug therapy, as were participants in ACTA. FLU costs were derived from costs of FLU+5FC in ACTA, by subtracting 5FC drug and monitoring costs. The cost-effectiveness of FLU+5FC vs FLU alone was measured as the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). A probabilistic sensitivity analysis assessed uncertainties and a bivariate deterministic sensitivity analysis examined the impact of varying mortality and 5FC drug costs on the ICER. Results The mean costs per patient were US $847 (95% confidence interval [CI] $776–927) for FLU+5FC, and US $628 (95% CI $557–709) for FLU. The 10-week mortality rate was 35.1% (95% CI 28.9–41.7%) with FLU+5FC and 53.8% (95% CI 43.1–64.1%) with FLU. At the current 5FC price of US $1.30 per 500 mg tablet, the ICER of 5FC+FLU versus FLU alone was US $65 (95% CI $28–208) per life-year saved. Reducing the 5FC cost to between US $0.80 and US $0.40 per 500 mg resulted in an ICER between US $44 and US $28 per life-year saved. Conclusions The addition of 5FC to FLU is cost-effective for cryptococcal meningitis treatment in Africa and, if made available widely, could substantially reduce mortality rates among human immunodeficiency virus–infected persons in Africa.
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Sansalvador, M. E., and J. M. Brotons. "How environmental certification can affect the value of organizations? The case of Forest Stewardship Council certification." International Forestry Review 22, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 531–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1505/146554820831255506.

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Forest certification appeared in the 1990's as a way to deal with forest deterioration. Currently, however, public opposition can limit its effectiveness. Business policy makers should analyze how Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certification can affect the value of companies. Yet, the relation between financial performance and forest certification systems is a subject which has not been explored to a great extent, and the measures used for evaluating financial performance in published studies are not based on business valuation. In this study, Spanish companies with FSC certification are valuated under the premises of implementation and non-implementation of FSC certification. Given the uncertainty inherent in the second option, the use of fuzzy mathematics has been considered a suitable tool. According to the results obtained, it can be concluded that regardless of size or business sector, FSC certification is effective in increasing the value of companies. The pap er offers economic arguments for managers to become more environmentally responsible.
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FLACH, SERGEJ, OLEG I. KANAKOV, KONSTANTIN G. MISHAGIN, and MIKHAIL V. IVANCHENKO. "q-BREATHERS IN FPU-LATTICES — SCALING AND PROPERTIES FOR LARGE SYSTEMS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 21, no. 23n24 (September 30, 2007): 3925–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979207044974.

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Recently q-breathers - time-periodic solutions which localize in the space of normal modes and maximize the energy density for some mode vector q0 - were obtained for finite nonlinear lattices. We scale these solutions to arbitrarily large lattices in various lattice dimensions. We study the scaling consequence for previously obtained analytical estimates of the localization length of q-breathers for β-FPU and α-FPU lattices. The first finding is that the degree of localization depends only on intensive quantities and is size independent. Secondly, a critical wave vector km is identified, which depends on one effective nonlinearity parameter, q-breathers minimize the localization length at k0 = km and completely delocalize in the limit k0 → 0, π.
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Souza, Anita D., Megha Vagadia, and Mamatha Daivajna. "Tuning magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of Pr0.6Sr0.4MnO3 through size modifications." Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 32, no. 11 (May 12, 2021): 14990–5002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10854-021-06052-9.

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AbstractParticle size as an effective tool for controlling the magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of Pr0.6Sr0.4MnO3 samples has been studied. In the present work, a direct influence of particle size on the magnitude of magnetization and magnetic transition temperature, TC, can be seen. The TC drops from 309 to 242 K, while the saturation magnetization (MS) decreases from 3.6 to 0.5 μB/f.u. as the particle changes from 120 to 9 nm. Concurrently, coercivity (HC) exhibits a drastic rise emphasizing the enhanced surface disorder in the nanoparticles. Another interesting observation is in the magnetic entropy change, ΔS, which though decreases in magnitude from 5.51 to 3.90 J/Kg-K as particle size decreases from 120 to 30 nm, but the temperature range of ΔS (i.e., relative cooling power, RCP) increases from 184.33 to 228.85 J/Kg. Such interplay between magnitude and wider temperature range of ΔS, which can be fine-tuned by particle size, provides an interesting tool for using surface spin disorder, as a control mechanism in modifying physical properties.
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Margolin, Leon, Jeremy Luchins, Daniel Margolin, Michelle Margolin, and Sanford Lefkowitz. "20-Week Study of Clinical Outcomes of Over-the-Counter COVID-19 Prophylaxis and Treatment." Journal of Evidence-Based Integrative Medicine 26 (January 1, 2021): 2515690X2110261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2515690x211026193.

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Objectives and Setting. As the lethal COVID-19 pandemic enters its second year, the need for effective modalities of alleviation remains urgent. This includes modalities that can readily be used by the public to reduce disease spread and severity. Such preventive measures and early-stage treatments may temper the immediacy of demand for advanced anti-COVID measures (drugs, antibodies, vaccines) and help relieve strain also on other health system resources. Design and Participants. We present results of a clinical study with a multi-component OTC “core formulation” regimen used in a multiply exposed adult population. Analysis of clinical outcome data from our sample of over 100 subjects − comprised of roughly equal sized regimen-compliant (test) and non-compliant (control) groups meeting equivalent inclusion criteria − demonstrates a strong statistical significance in favor of use of the core formulations. Results. While both groups were moderate in size, the difference between them in outcomes over the 20-week study period was large and stark: Just under 4% of the compliant test group presented flu-like symptoms, but none of the test group was COVID-positive; whereas 20% of the non-compliant control group presented flu-like symptoms, three-quarters of whom (15% overall of the control group) were COVID-positive. Conclusions. Offering a low cost, readily implemented anti-viral approach, the study regimen may serve, at the least, as a stopgap modality and, perhaps, as a useful tool in combatting the pandemic.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Effective FSU size"

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Adamus-Górka, Magdalena. "Improved dose response modeling for normal tissue damage and therapy optimization." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm University, Medical Radiation Physics (together with KI), 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-7433.

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The present thesis is focused on the development and application of dose response models for radiation therapy. Radiobiological models of tissue response to radiation are an integral part of the radiotherapeutic process and a powerful tool to optimize tumor control and minimize damage to healthy tissues for use in clinical trials. Ideally, the models could work as a historical control arm of a clinical trial eliminating the need to randomize patents to suboptimal therapies. In the thesis overview part, some of the basic properties of the dose response relation are reviewed and the most common radiobiological dose-response models are compared with regard to their ability to describe experimental dose response data for rat spinal cord using the maximum likelihood method. For vascular damage the relative seriality model was clearly superior to the other models, whereas for white matter necrosis all models were quite good except possibly the inverse tumor and critical element models. The radiation sensitivity, seriality and steepness of the dose-response relation of the spinal cord is found to vary considerably along its length. The cervical region is more radiation sensitive, more parallel, expressing much steeper dose-response relation and more volume dependent probability of inducing radiation myelitis than the thoracic part. The higher number of functional subunits (FSUs) consistent with a higher amount of white matter close to the brain may be responsible for these phenomena. With strongly heterogeneous dose delivery and due to the random location of FSUs, the effective size of the FSU and the mean dose deposited in it are of key importance and the radiation sensitivity distribution of the FSU may be an even better descriptor for the response of the organ. An individual optimization of a radiation treatment has the potential to increase the therapeutic window and improve cure for a subgroup of patients.

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Caveldin, Linnea, and Rebecca Orädd. "Förklaringsfaktorer till variationer i effektiva skattesatser : En longitudinell studie av noterade företag i Sverige." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Företagsekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-41183.

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Syfte: Företags kassaflöden och vinster samt staters inkomster påverkas av hur mycket skatt som betalas av företag. Resultat i tidigare forskning om företagsstorlekens betydelse för effektiva skattesatser är motstridiga. Utelämnande av andra variabler som i vissa studier har visats ha signifikanta effekter på effektiva skattesatser kan vara en anledning till denna motstridighet. Sådan forskning har inte genomförts i Sverige enligt författarnas kännedom. Därför undersöks i denna studie effekterna av variabler som mäter storlek, skuldsättning, kapitalintensitet, forsknings- och utvecklingsintensitet samt lönsamhet på effektiva skattesatser hos företag med svensk företagsledning eller koncernledning. Syftet med detta är att ge en bild av vilka faktorer som kan förklara variationer mellan dessa företags skattebörda. Metod: Fem hypoteser om samband mellan variabler deduceras utifrån teorier och tidigare forskning. 3 593 kvantitativa observationer från 702 noterade företag och 6 år samlas in från databasen Retriever Business. Den longitudinella datan används i en regressionsanalys som testar de fem hypoteserna. Resultat: Denna studie bidrar med empiriskt bevis för ett positivt och signifikant samband mellan företagsstorlek och effektiva skattesatser. Däremot visas inte effekterna av skuldsättning, kapitalintensitet, FoU-intensitet och lönsamhet på effektiva skattesatser vara signifikanta. Slutsatser: Den slutsats som dras är att företagsstorlek är en indikation på storleken på effektiva skattesatser för företag med svensk företagsledning eller koncernledning. Teorin om politiska kostnader kan användas för att förklara sambandets riktning.
Aim: Cash flows and profits in firms as well as government revenue are affected by how much is paid in corporate taxes. Results in prior research concerning the effect of firm size on effective tax rates are inconsistent. Omitting other variables that have in some studies been proven to have significant effects on effective tax rates can be one cause of this inconsistency. Such research has not been conducted in Sweden to the extent of the authors’ knowledge. Therefore, this study examines the effects of variables that measure size, leverage, capital intensity, research and development intensity, and profitability on effective tax rates for firms with Swedish management or group management. The aim of this is describing which factors that can explain variations between these firms’ tax burdens. Method: Five hypotheses regarding associations between variables are deduced from theories and prior research. 3 593 quantitative observations from 702 publicly listed firms and 6 years are collected from the database Retriever Business. The longitudinal data is used in a regression analysis that tests the five hypotheses. Results: This study provides empirical evidence for a positive and significant association between firm size and effective tax rates. However, the effects of leverage, capital intensity, R&D intensity, and profitability on effective tax rates are not shown to be significant. Conclusions: It is concluded that firm size is an indicator of the size of effective tax rates for firms with Swedish management or group management. The political cost theory can be used in explaining the direction of the association.
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Books on the topic "Effective FSU size"

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Coleman, Dr Vernon. Anyone Who Tells You Vaccines Are Safe and Effective is Lying. Independently published, 2019.

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Book chapters on the topic "Effective FSU size"

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Cogger, Harold G. "Sydney's herpetofauna: some observations on its history of discovery, biogeographic significance and contribution to the debate on effective reserve size." In The Natural History of Sydney, 198–218. P.O. Box 20, Mosman NSW 2088, Australia: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/fs.2010.016.

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Liu, Wei, Xiaoli Wu, Zheng Gao, and Lingling Xia. "Minimally Invasive Technologies for Treatment of HTS and Keloids: Low-Dose 5-Fluorouracil." In Textbook on Scar Management, 251–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44766-3_30.

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AbstractBoth hypertrophic scar (HTS) and keloid are pathological scars that tend to overgrow and overproduce extracellular matrices, lead to large-sized scars along with severe pain and itching, and even result in functional disability. In particular, keloids are considered as benign skin tumors due to their nature of uncontrolled growth beyond the original wound boundary and invasion into normal skin; therefore, anticancer therapy has been employed in keloid therapy. 5-Fluorouraci (5-FU), a pyrimidine analog, is a commonly used chemotherapy agent and it has also been previously used in keloid treatment with intralesional injection at a concentration of 40–50 mg/ml. The authors propose the use of low dose 5-FU at the concentration of 1.5–5 mg/ml for establishing a sustainable chemotherapy without causing significant side effects in order to cure keloid by a possible long-term chemotherapy, which is essential for controlling keloid relapse. Since 2002, the authors have treated over 10,000 cases of keloids and demonstrated that this approach is effective and safe. In addition to intralesional injection treatment of keloids and HTS with combined use of 5-FU and steroids, it was also used for preventing keloid recurrence after surgical excision. In this chapter, the authors introduce the general background of keloid and HTS chemotherapy, the rational of using low-dose drugs, and the clinical protocol of low-dose 5-FU injection therapy and its applications along with typical case presentation.
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Troxler, Tiffany G. "Collaboration and Broadening Our Scope: Relevance of Long-Term Ecological Research to the Global Community." In Long-Term Ecological Research. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199380213.003.0030.

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As part of my long-term ecological research experience, I have come to recognize that individual success is not necessarily the hallmark of an effective or successful scientist. To achieve problem-oriented solutions to the grand challenges of society, service and collaboration can have more impact on ecology and society than singular scientific achievements. Because of my experiences with the Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) program, I promote the idea that collaborative research is essential training for ecosystem scientists. The LTER program promoted the increasing importance of effective science communication at a time when it was not widely appreciated. The LTER program demonstrated to me that engendering a spirit of collaboration was the key to building a network of scientists that could address grand challenge questions. After studying anthropology as an undergraduate in Louisiana, I moved to Florida to work with Daniel Childers in the field of ecology. During my PhD work with him at Florida International University (FIU), I became involved in the Florida Coastal Everglades site (FCE) of the LTER program. During graduate school, I participated as cochair of the LTER graduate student committee. Currently, I am a research assistant professor with appointments at the Southeast Environmental Research Center and the Department of Biological Sciences at FIU. My research focuses on long-term ecosystem responses to hydrologic restoration, carbon cycling, and plant–soil interactions along environmental gradients in the Everglades. I collaborate with researchers at FCE and other LTER sites, as well as with colleagues in the International LTER (ILTER) to broaden the scope and integration of site-based, long-term research. Ecosystem approaches are a hallmark of science in the LTER program, and long-term manipulations at the ecosystem-scale are numerous within the LTER network. Simple ecosystem modeling allows for the integration of responses into a few synthetic variables (e.g., soil nutrient concentrations or carbon accumulation rates). My research in the LTER program strives to identify data gaps posed by such modeling and looks for creative and robust ways to develop data sets that contain a comprehensive suite of input parameters.
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Paris, Daniel H., and Nicholas P. J. Day. "Scrub typhus." In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, edited by Christopher P. Conlon, 1252–57. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198746690.003.0145.

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Orientia spp. are obligate intracellular Gram-negative bacteria that cause scrub typhus, historically known as ‘tsutsugamushi disease’, a febrile illness characterized by early non-specific ‘flu-like’ symptoms, and sometimes a diffuse, macular, or maculopapular rash and/or a necrotic lesion eschar at the inoculation site. Leptotrombidium mites transmit Orientia spp. to humans via the bite of the larval stage, while all mite stages act as bacterial reservoirs through vertical transovarial and transstadial transmission. Scrub typhus is a leading cause of treatable undifferentiated febrile illness in many regions of Asia, and unfortunately remains an underappreciated neglected disease, mainly due to diagnostic difficulties and lack of awareness among medical staff. Complications include meningo-encephalitis, respiratory and renal failure, and severe multiorgan failure. Scrub typhus can be treated effectively with tetracyclines, macrolides, and chloramphenicol. Humans are dead-end hosts and do not participate in the Orientia life cycle, hence treatment does not affect overall disease incidence.
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Conference papers on the topic "Effective FSU size"

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Srinivasan, Visvanathan, Nayan Reddy, Adriana Brasoava, and David L. Wells. "Micro-Embossing of Polymeric Substrates for Fluidic Self-Assembly." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-14817.

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Fluidic Self-Assembly™ (FSA)™ has become a routine manufacturing process in the production of radio-frequency identification tags. FSA operates through the self-positioning of micro-devices into pre-prepared matching receptor sites in a substrate. Research at North Dakota State University has focused on extending the applications of FSA well-beyond the current production routine. This pursuit requires, among other modifications, substantive extrapolation of the size, depth, configuration, spacing and spatial density of receptor sites. Three different test wafer patterns (see Figure 5 for patterns having nominal sizes of 1050μ, 1500μ, μ2150 and 3050μ square receptors with different spacing between them) took into account the corner compensation structure dimensions, which are based on thickness of silicon mold wafer feature to be etched (see Figure 2). The embossing tool (silicon wafer) was patterned photo-lithographically and subsequently wet etched in a KOH 2:1 solution. Experiments suggest shorter tool life in the case of closely packed features (spacing ~ 0.5mm). Receptor profiles evaluated using both optical and mechanical inspection (see Figures 3 and 4) suggest that features having larger size (up to nominal size of 3050μ square) and thickness (nominal depths of 110μ and 210μ) can be embossed accurately for use in FSA by slightly increasing the embossing time in case of deeper receptors. It was also noticed that the relative receptor depths attained with respect to the thickness of the feature on the mold wafer was lower while embossing deeper receptor sites, leading to the conclusion that mold wafers must be etched longer in such cases. The embossed receptor sites were subsequently filled with micro-devices in accordance with the standard operating parameters of Fluidic Self-Assembly process. These sample experimental runs suggest receptors slightly deeper than the micro-devices facilitate higher yields (or fill rates) in FSA. However, in cases where the receptors are too deep relative to the micro-device (> 5μ), air-entrapment occurred between the micro-device and the bottom of the receptor site, which caused problems in post-FSA processes due to air expansion. This paper presents comprehensive guidelines for embossing larger and deeper receptors for effective use in FSA.
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Guo, Penghua, Peiwen Li, and Jingyin Li. "Assessment of Water Droplet Evaporation Path in a Full Separation MED Desalination System." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-65656.

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An innovative concept of full separation multi effect distillation (FSMED) desalination system has been proposed in the present study. A full separation tank (FST) is integrated to a conventional multi effect distillation (MED) water treatment system to enhance the water productivity and thermal efficiency. The concentrated brine from the MED is atomized into tiny droplets and fully evaporated in the FST due to the effective convective heat transfer between water droplets and hot air-steam flow. A simplified non-equilibrium vaporization model is developed to describe the movement and evaporation behavior of a single water droplet in FST. Simulations are conducted to investigate the effect of the radiation heat transfer and droplet gravity on the droplet evaporation and movement behavior. The relationship of the water droplet size and falling distance with the hot air-steam temperature, and initial injection/spray parameters is investigated and presented. Results from the study provide important guidance to the design of such a water treatment system.
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Many, Hariprasad Chakkalaparambil, Vishnu Chandar Srinivasan, and Ajith Kumar Raghavan. "Effect of Corner-Arc on the Flow Structures Around a Square Cylinder." In ASME 2018 5th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2018-83367.

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In this paper, flow structures around a corner modified square cylinder (side dimension, Bo) are presented and discussed. Cylinders with various corner arcs (circular) were considered (arc radius ‘r’). For various Corner Ratios (CR = r/Bo), values ranging from 0 to 0.5, flow visualization experiments were conducted in a water channel and the results are reported at Re = 2100 (based on Bo). Results presented are for two cases (a) stationary cylinders reporting the values of CD (coefficient of drag), St (Strouhal no.), and D (vortex size) and (b) oscillating cylinders at fe/fs = 1 (fe is the cylinder excitation frequency and fs is the vortex shedding frequency) and a/Bo = 0.8 (a is the cylinder oscillation amplitude). The work is aimed to explore the most effective configuration for drag reduction. Cylinder with corner ratio of 0.2 is proved to be the most effective one among the cases considered in this study with 19.3% drag reduction. As a major highlight, in contrast to the results of the previous studies, current study do not reveal a monotonous decrease of drag with increasing corner modification. Instead, it is shown here that, there is a specific value of CR ratio where the drag is the minimum most. A peculiar type of vortex structure was observed in the cases of stationary cylinders with CR > 0.2, contributing to the increase in drag. In the case of oscillating cylinders, description of one complete cycle for all CR ratios at various time instances are presented. The near-wake structures were observed to be dependent on the CR ratio. Counter intuitively, cylinder oscillation does not bring major difference in vortex size compared to the stationary case.
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Arai, Masayuki, Shoichi Kuroda, and Kiyohiro Ito. "Elastic-Plastic Analysis of Pipe Structure by Transfer Matrix Method." In ASME 2019 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2019-93169.

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Abstract Pipe systems have been widely used in industrial plants such as power stations. In these systems, it is often required to predict the displacement and stress distribution. Analytical and numerical methods such as the finite element method (FEM), boundary element method (BEM), and frame structure method (FSM) are typically adopted to predict the displacement and stress distribution. The analytical methods are solved based on the Timoshenko beam theory, but the problem that can be solved is limited to simple geometry under simple boundary conditions. Both FEM and BEM can be applied to more complicated problems, although this usually involves a large number of degrees of freedom in a stiffness matrix. The structure is modeled by a beam element in FSM. However, the stiffness matrix still becomes large, as does the matrix size constructed in FEM and BEM. In this study, the transfer matrix method (TMM) is studied to effectively solve complicated problems such as a pipe structure under a small size of the stiffness matrix. The fundamental formula is extended to apply to an elastic-plastic problem. The efficiency and simplicity of this method is demonstrated to solve a space-curved pipe system that involves elbows. The results are compared with those obtained by FEM to verify this method.
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Reddy, Sandeep B., Allan Ross Magee, and Rajeev K. Jaiman. "A Data-Driven Approach for the Stability Analysis of Vortex-Induced Vibration." In ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-78415.

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In this paper, a general data-driven approach to construct a reduced-order model (ROM) for the coupled fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problem of a transversely vibrating bluff body in an incompressible flow is presented. The proposed data-driven approach relies on the Eigensystem Realization Algorithm (ERA) to design ROM models in a state-space format. The stability boundaries of the coupled FSI system are obtained by examining the eigenvalue trajectories of the ERA-based ROM. These stability boundaries provide us valuable quantitative insights into the lock-in phenomenon of the bluff-body vibration. We demonstrate the present ERA-based ROM technique for various configurations of bluff bodies such as an isolated single cylinder, the side-by-side and the tandem cylinder arrangements. A comparative study on the effect of different appendages to suppress the VIV of a cylinder is also presented using the ERA-based stability analysis. The validity of the proposed method for the FSI stability analysis on such variety of configurations has not been presented before and is the novel contribution of this paper. Overall, the proposed data-driven framework is found to be much more effective in terms of computational costs and the predicted lock-in regions are comparable to high-fidelity full-order simulations. This work has a potential for a profound impact on the design optimization and control of bluff body structures used in offshore industry.
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Xu, Wei, Lei Fang, Jingyun Zou, Fuxin Guo, Yingchun Zhang, and Kaiyuan Chen. "An Integrated Reservoir Predicting Approach with Geological Constraints from Stratigraphic Forward Modeling of the Miocene Fan Delta in Albert Basin, Uganda." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-21481-ms.

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Abstract Reservoir prediction is a core area of research in oilfield exploration and development, and it is generally constructed on a combination of well data, seismic attributes or inversion. However, reservoir prediction in sparse well areas poses great challenges due to insufficient well control. If the quality of seismic data is poor, the spatial distribution characteristics of reservoirs cannot be effectively characterized through inversion or attribute analysis, which seriously affects the prediction accuracy. This paper proposes a new method to solve the difficulty in reservoir prediction of oilfields with sparse data and poor quality seismic cube, which evolves from depositional models, forward stratigraphic modeling (FSM) to geocellular modeling. First, based on the comprehensive analysis of core, seismic, grain size, heavy minerals, dip data, it is believed that a special fan delta developed in the Miocene strata in the south of Albert Basin. The reservoirs are dominated by distributary channels, which are in medium-coarse grains, and the provenance is from the southwest to flowing to the northeast. The formation thickness of the stratum decreases from the boundary fault to the direction of the basin. Then, the input parameters of FSM modeling are quantitatively expressed based on the sedimentary model research, including model boundary conditions, basic input information, sediment supply and transportation. FSM results were used to quantitatively characterize the deposition process. The FSM simulation results are compared with the depositional model and well data to verify the reliability. Finally, the shale content model in FSM results is resampled to the geocellular grids and used as the constraint for facies model and property model in geological modeling. This model is used for well pattern design and optimization. This new approach integrates the conceptual depositional model with quantitative FSM results. It improves the accuracy of reservoir prediction and provides a new technical workflow for reservoir characterization. Furthermore, it helps to obtain more insight into the sedimentary process and reduces the risk of oilfield exploration and development.
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Trabia, Mohamed B. "A Hybrid Fuzzy Simplex Genetic Algorithm." In ASME 2000 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2000/dac-14231.

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Abstract Nelder and Mead Simplex (NMS) algorithm is an effective nonlinear programming technique. Trabia and Lu (1999) recently presented a novel algorithm, Fuzzy Simplex (FS), which improved the efficiency of Nelder and Mead Simplex by using fuzzy logic to determine the orientation and size of the simplex. While Fuzzy Simplex algorithm can be successfully used to search a wide variety of functions, it suffers, as other simplex algorithms, from its dependence on the initial guess and the original simplex size. This paper addresses this problem by combining the Fuzzy Simplex with Genetic Algorithm (GA) in a hybrid algorithm. Standard test problems are used to evaluate the efficiency of the algorithm. The algorithm is also applied successfully to several engineering design problems. The Hybrid GA Fuzzy Simplex algorithm generally results in a faster convergence.
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Zhang, Wenzheng, Zhipeng Feng, Xi Lv, Furui Xiong, and Haiyang Song. "Research on the Shock Resistance Optimal Design of Submerged Nuclear Power Plants Model Subjected to Underwater Explosions." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-66317.

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The research on the linear and nonlinear responses of the plant structures, especially with internal equipment, subjected to underwater shock load make great significance in assessing the shock resistance ability of submerged nuclear power plants. In this paper, an optimal design of a small-sized submerged vehicle with internal components has been carried out to enhance the shock resistance. The dynamic responses and deformation mode of the vehicle subjected to underwater shock wave are firstly analyzed to determine the weak parts. The incident wave induced by UNDEX is equivalently replaced by half-sine shock wave, as the calculation of fluid-structure interaction (FSI) in the optimization process is very complicated. Based on the constraint condition of invariant weight, an optimization procedure is established by means of the commercial finite element code and optimization method. Numerical simulation is carried out to validate the effective of the optimal procedure. Compared with the original one, the maximum Mises stress of the submerged vehicle decreased from 426MPa to 359MPa, approximately reducing by 15.73%. The optimal result can be used to redesign the submerged vehicle with internal components suffered from underwater shock loading, as well as to enhance the anti-shock capability of submerged nuclear power plants.
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Legras, Jean-Luc, and Baptiste Pillet. "Tethered Catenary Riser: A New Deepwater Concept." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-11102.

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A new riser concept is proposed by Subsea 7 for field development in deep and ultradeep waters: the Tethered Catenary Riser (TCR)-patent pending. The concept consists of a number of steel catenary risers (SCRs) supported by a subsurface buoy which is tethered down to sea-bed by means of a single pipe tendon and anchored by means of a suction pile; flexible jumpers are used to make the connection between the Floating production Unit (FPU) and the buoy. Umbilicals run without interruption from the FPU to their subsea end while being supported by the buoy. The system has all the advantages of de-coupled riser arrangements: flexible jumpers effectively absorb platform motions, thereby the rigid risers and tendon have very small dynamic excitation. The system can be installed before FPU arrival on site, which improves the time before first oil. Analyses have shown that, with adequate geometry of the buoy, the latter is sufficient stable to induce acceptable tilt and twist when different arrangements of SCRs and flexible jumpers are installed, and under accidental scenarios during the in-place life. The riser system is best designed for a number of risers between 4 and 8, in addition to a number of umbilicals, thus convenient for one or two drilling centers. Results of the basic engineering work on the TCR clearly indicate that it is possible to have a robust design using presently qualified materials and technology. The components used in the TCR are all field proven as they are commonly used in existing riser systems. As a result of installation studies, a method very similar to the one commonly used by Subea7 for Single Hybrid Risers (SHRs) has been selected for the buoy and tether system. Placement of rigid risers, jumpers and umbilicals is as done by Subsea 7 for the Buoy Supporting Risers (BSRs). This method is well adapted for installation by the new Subsea 7 flagship vessel Seven Borealis which is able to perform heavy lift and pipe laying. The Tether Catenary Riser is a credible option for use in deep water developments all over the world. Since all the components, design methods and installation procedures are fully qualified and familiar to Subsea 7, the concept is cost effective and ready for project application.
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Sarvghad-Moghaddam, Hesam, Asghar Rezaei, Ashkan Eslaminejad, Mariusz Ziejewski, and Ghodrat Karami. "Mechanical Response of the Brain Under Blast: The Effect of Blast Direction and the Head Protection." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-67513.

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Blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI), is defined as a type of acquired brain injury that occurs upon the interaction of the human head with blast-generated high-pressure shockwaves. Lack of experimental studies due to moral issues, have motivated the researchers to employ computational methods to study the bTBI mechanisms. Accordingly, a nonlinear finite element (FE) analysis was employed to study the interaction of both unprotected and protected head models with explosion pressure waves. The head was exposed to the incoming shockwaves from front, back, and side directions. The main goal was to examine the effects of head protection tools and the direction of blast waves on the tissue and kinematical responses of the brain. Generation, propagation, and interactions of blast waves with the head were modeled using an arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) method and a fluid-structure interaction (FSI) coupling algorithm. The FE simulations were performed using Ls-Dyna, a transient, nonlinear FE code. Side blast predicted the highest mechanical responses for the brain. Moreover, the protection assemblies showed to significantly alter the blast flow mechanics. Use of faceshield was also observed to be highly effective in the front blast due to hindering of shockwaves.
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