Journal articles: 'Effective references'

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Kojima, Takako, and Edward Barroga. "Effective Methods in Writing Results, Discussions, Acknowledgements, References, Tables, and Figures." Japanese Journal of Gastroenterological Surgery 47, no. 9 (2014): 558–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5833/jjgs.2014.sc005.

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Gebhardt, Andreas, Matthias Beier, Erik Schmidt, Thomas Rendel, Ute Gawronski, and Eyk Gebhardt. "Effective Optical System Assembly Using Ultra-Precise Manufactured References." International Journal of Automation Technology 14, no. 4 (2020): 644–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2020.p0644.

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The present work demonstrates that exactly manufactured references for joining, mounting, and metrology purposes are crucial in the effective assembly of high-quality optical systems. Based on the alignment turning of spherical and aspherical lenses, the proposed approach can be transferred to non-rotational symmetric elements such as prisms, active components (e.g., laser diodes), and freeform mirrors. The complexity of the optical component decides whether on-machine metrology or specific measurement setups need to be used to determine the position and orientation of the references with respect to the optical function. The resulting correction data are considered during the machining process. The subsequent correction cycle realizes mounting and metrology references down to sub-micron precision using diamond-machining techniques. This approach facilitates the assembly of demanding optical systems and even freeform arrangements in a predictable and passive manner. Different machining setups as well as the corresponding metrology approaches are demonstrated, and results are presented for representative components. The effectiveness of the approach is discussed using rotationally symmetrical lens systems and a snap-together freeform mirror system.

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Cals, Jochen W. L., and Daniel Kotz. "Effective writing and publishing scientific papers, part VIII: references." Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 66, no. 11 (2013): 1198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.06.015.

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Kingdon, D. G., D. Turkington, J. Collis, and M. Judd. "Befriending: cost-effective community care." Psychiatric Bulletin 13, no. 7 (1989): 350–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.13.7.350.

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In a survey of district plans for Mental Health services (Kingdon, 1988) befriending schemes, where volunteers are recruited to visit isolated and lonely users of psychiatric services, were planned or in existence in 14 of the 127 districts who responded. However, lists of the components of a comprehensive community service (MIND, 1983) and Hirsch (1988) surprisingly do not include references to such schemes, although Griffiths (1988) alludes to them in his recent report. There are moreover no reports in the psychiatric literature of such enterprises. The scheme established by MIND in Bassetlaw (population (103,000) is therefore described.

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Oh, Hyu Kjin, and Usik Lee. "Effective Structural Parameters of Armchair Carbon Nanotubes." Key Engineering Materials 353-358 (September 2007): 2199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.353-358.2199.

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Due to exceptionally high strength and stiffness, carbon nanotubes have been attracted as promising materials for the applications to many nanoscale devices such as the ultrahigh frequency actuators and sensors. In this study, a dynamic continuum modeling method is used to evaluate the effective structural parameters of the armchair single-walled carbon nanotubes. The effective structural parameters obtained by the present dynamic continuum modeling method are shown to be in very good agreement with the results computed by using the Young’s muduli reported in the existing references.

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Terpstra, David E., and Elizabeth J. Rozell. "Why Some Potentially Effective Staffing Practices are Seldom Used." Public Personnel Management 26, no. 4 (1997): 483–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009102609702600405.

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The purpose of this study was to identify the reasons why some organizations do not employ certain HRM practices that could increase levels of employee performance and organizational profitability. The focus was on the staffing area (recruitment and selection) of HRM.1 Specifically, this study looked at five staffing practices that the academic research literature has found can significantly increase employee performance levels. Descriptions of these practices, and references supporting their impact on employee performance, are provided in Exhibit 1.

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Char, Dorothy C. P., and Isola Ajiferuke. "The Usefulness of Related Functions in Web of Science and Scopus." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 6, no. 1 (2011): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8v03n.

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Abstract  Objective: This study evaluates the effectiveness of the related search functions in Web of Science and Scopus. Web of Science has one related search function (searching by references) whereas Scopus has three related search functions (searching by references, authors, or keywords).  Methods: Thirty queries were searched in both Web of Science and Scopus. For each query, the most relevant document was retrieved and its first thirty related documents were assessed for relevancy to the original query. Results for both databases were compared using the median values of precision. For Scopus the three different methods of relevance were compared using median precision values.  Results: The median precision value for the related documents retrieved from Web of Science was 0.63, while the median for those retrieved from Scopus using the related by references function was 0.62. A Wilcoxon test showed no significant difference in the two medians. In the comparison of the three related functions in Scopus, the median precision values were 0.62, 0.42, and 0.43 for the related search functions by references, authors, and keywords respectively. A Friedman's test showed that the median precision value for relatedness by references was significantly higher than the median vales for the other two related functions. In Scopus, the effectiveness of the related search function using all keywords was not as effective when compared to the effectiveness using select keywords. The median precision value with select keywords was 0.17.  Conclusions: The related search functions by references for both Web of Science and Scopus were moderately effective in retrieving additional relevant documents on a given topic, and there was no significant difference in their performance. When comparing the three methods available in Scopus, the related search function by references was found to be more effective than the system's related functions by authors and keywords.

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Johnsen, Susan K., and Gail R. Ryser. "An Overview of Effective Practices with Gifted Students in General-Education Settings." Journal for the Education of the Gifted 19, no. 4 (1996): 379–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016235329601900402.

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Approximately 675 citations in journals dedicated to gifted studies and 83 abstracts indexed by ERIC, PsycLIT, and Dissertation Abstracts International from 1989 to the present were reviewed. To qualify for this review, the reference needed to meet the following criteria: (a) sample included a clearly identified group of gifted students, (b) validity issues were considered, (c) qualitative or quantitative methods were clearly identified, (d) outcomes were related to learner or classroom changes, and (e) the practice could be or was implemented in a general-education classroom. The references were then categorized according to effective research methods, validity issues, and classroom instructional practices that might be modified or changed. These categories were used to assist researchers in planning and initiating future efficacy studies for serving gifted students in the general-education classroom. Only 39, or 5%, of the identified references were databased. The majority of the literature focused on specific instructional strategies and program models that are effective with gifted students. A need continues to exist for databased articles that examine effective practices with gifted students in the general-education classroom.

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FERRER-GALLEGO, P. PABLO. "Effective typification of Ophrys apifera (Orchidaceae; Orchidoideae)." Phytotaxa 521, no. 1 (2021): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.521.1.6.

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Ophrys apifera Hudson was previously considered to have been lectotypified by Künkele and Baumann in 1998 with an illustration published by Matthias Lobel in 1581. However, Hudson did not include any references to Lobel in the protologue. Therefore, the typification by Künkele and Baumann is here briefly discussed and superseded because is being contrary to Art. 9.3 of the International code of nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code). The name is lectotypified here with an illustration published by Bauhin and Cherler in 1651. Unfortunately, this illustration does not show several diagnostic characters to distinguish O. apifera from other related species. Therefore, for a precise circumscription of the name, an epitype is proposed of a complete specimen preserved at K.

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Carr, Sandra E., Katrine Nehyba, and Bríd Phillips. "Effective remote teaching: Transitioning small group teaching online." Asia Pacific Scholar 6, no. 3 (2021): 121–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.29060/taps.2021-6-3/cs2361.

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Sumarto and Emmi Kholilah Harahap. "PROFESSIONAL TEACHER MANAGEMENT IN EFFECTIVE SCHOOLS." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 8, no. 3 (2020): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i3.2020.127.

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Professional teacher management in effective schools. This paper conveys the importance of applying professional teacher management to realize effective schools. There is no good school, if it does not have professional teachers who are able to manage the learning process well in the classroom, start the planning, organizing, implementing and evaluating processes. The method used in this paper is literature study, tracing some references relating to effective management, teachers and schools. There are several findings of the author about professional teacher management including professional teachers, namely: having a commitment to organizational culture or commitment to the learning process of students; mastering in-depth subject matter and how to teach it; able to think systematically about what is done and learn from experience; and is a part of learning societies from their professional environment that enables them to improve their professionalism, so that it becomes an important indicator in creating an effective school.

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Schumann, Holger, Axel Berres, Tilman Stehr, and Dominik Engelhardt. "Effective Selection of Quality Literature During a Systematic Literature Review." Informing Science: The International Journal of an Emerging Transdiscipline 23 (2020): 077–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4551.

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Aim/Purpose: Although a literature review is the fundamental base for any research, it is often considered tedious and conducted with a lack of methodology and rigor. The paper presents a method for systematically searching and screening literature using modern search technologies. The method focuses on minimizing the amount of manual screening by employing the references among papers. Background: A method to select quality literature effectively using modern search technologies is presented and evaluated. Methodology: The method starts with a keywords search in which the most suitable keywords are identified. In the backward search, promising resources are collected based on the keywords and their reference sections are searched for duplicates to find often cited basic literature. Then, the forward search identifies current literature that cites the basic sources. Contribution: Modern search technologies have the potential to improve the effectiveness of the use of information channels significantly and thus of traditional literature searches. Findings: The selection method was applied to the field of literature review itself and to the field of functional modelling. In both cases, relevant literature was identified within a surprisingly short time. Recommendation for Researchers: Literature reviews should be done systematically by using modern search technologies. Future Research: The presented method may be adapted according to the evolution of search technologies. The tool support for the automated extraction of references should be improved and a quantitative evaluation of the method in comparison to traditional reviews may foster the findings.

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Patel, Nileshkumar R., and Shishir Kumar. "Energy-Efficient Approach for Effective Estimation of Delimited Node Position with Limited References." Computer Journal 61, no. 6 (2017): 881–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxx102.

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Du, Chenxi, Hongyu Yang, Feng Feng, Wenyuan Liu, Yao Chen, and Haopeng Sun. "Achieving effective and selective CK1 inhibitors through structure modification." Future Medicinal Chemistry 13, no. 5 (2021): 505–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/fmc-2020-0215.

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Casein kinase 1 (CK1) is an extensively expressed serine/threonine kinase family, with six highly conserved isoforms of human CK1. Due to its involvement in many biological processes, CK1 is a promising target for several pathological states, including circadian sleep disorder, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer and inflammation. However, due to the structural similarities between the six CK1 members, the design of CK1 inhibitors is intricate. So far, no effective CK1 inhibitors are reported to reach clinical trials; thus, approaches to obtaining both selective and effective CK1 inhibitors are in great demand. Here we analyze several CK1 inhibitors that provide successful experience for structure-based drug design and rational structure modification, which could provide references for further drug design.

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Cayrel, Roger. "The Effective Temperature Determination." Highlights of Astronomy 10 (1995): 395–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1539299600011527.

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The content of my oral contribution has been reduced here to a guide to the recent litterature on the subject.The effective temperature of a star can be obtained directly by measuring the total flux received on earth from it, and its angular diameter. In principle interferometrie methods could determine both the limb-darkening law of the stellar disk and the angular diameter of the disk. In practice, in order to obtain a decent accuracy on the angular diameter, interferometrie methods have so far borrowed the limb-darkening law from stellar atmosphere theory, in order to concentrate all the observational information on a single parameter. The total number of stellar diameters and effective temperatures obtained by this basic method remains very small (about 30 stars) and concerns exclusively giant or subgiant stars. The reader is invited to look at the following references and those therein (Di Benedetto 1993, Mozurkewich et al. 1991, Alonso et al. 1994). Smalley and Dworetsky (A&A in press) have reinvestigated the old Code et al. (1976) calibration with more recent spatial UV data, for B, A, and F stars, and have found no significant changes. The accuracy of the basic method is at the best of the order of 1.5 %, and there is a deep need for more data, and for doubling the current accuracy. Actually there is a strong effort for developping interferometry both from the ground (ESO VLTI, USNO astrometric interferometer) andfrom space (OSI project, Colavita et al. 1993; GAIA project at ESA). So there is hope for a not to far future.

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Lepkowska-White, Elzbieta, Amy Parsons, and Aylin Ceylan. "Cross promotion of web references in print ads." Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing 8, no. 4 (2014): 309–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrim-01-2014-0003.

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Purpose – This paper aims to examine whether advertisers attempt to engage consumers with online information presented in print advertisements by investigating whether they respond to consumers’ motives for using advertisements and whether these engagement practices have improved over time. By creating connections among different advertising channels, marketers strive to be more effective in building brand equity, online traffic and sales. Design/methodology/approach – The Uses and Gratification theory is utilized as the framework to content analyze the content and presentation of web references in 2,613 advertisements from 2008 and 2,159 advertisements from 2012. Chi-square analysis is used to compare the content of web references in both time periods. Findings – Even though past literature suggests that consumers use media and advertising to satisfy a variety of informational, personal identity, social and entertainment needs, advertisers respond with mostly ineffective and generic informational web references that fail to address those needs. Research limitations/implications – The study suggests that advertisers may have difficulty adopting the new advertising paradigm which identifies customers as active respondents of advertising. Web references analyzed in this study do not address consumers’ motives for advertisement use. Practical implications – Advertisers have not been effectively utilizing cross-promotion when it comes to directing traffic from print advertisements to Web sites. More attention and resources should be given to cross-promotion to ensure effective coordination between media types. Originality/value – This study questions advertisers’ current approach toward cross-promotion. Findings help advertisers evaluate and develop better practices to encourage consumer engagement with web references placed in print advertisements to drive traffic to online stores.

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Vala, Jiří, and Petra Jarošová. "Identification of Effective Material Characteristics in Semilinear Equations of Heat and Mass Transfer." Advanced Materials Research 1126 (October 2015): 174–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1126.174.

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Utilization of advanced materials in civil engineering motivates research in both experimental and computational methods of reliable identification of their material characteristics, as e.g. the thermal conductivity and diffusivity in semilinear evolutionary equations of heat conduction, coming from the energy balance in classical thermodynamics, or the capillary transfer coefficient in similar equations, coming from the mass balance. The paper presents mathematical preliminaries of such inverse analysis and an overview of computational approaches with references to practical applications.

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Li, Wei, Chun Xiao Zhang, and Peng Xiang Sun. "Test Study on Effective Reinforcement Depth of Dynamic Compaction and Filling Replacement." Advanced Materials Research 368-373 (October 2011): 2550–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.368-373.2550.

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Filling replacement combined with dynamic compaction is a very effective method to preprocess the soft soil to obtain larger bearing capacity. That not only has remarkable effect to improve soil bearing capacity, but also has some advantages, such as quick construction, simple equipment, low cost and so on. And that is appropriate for large area ground treatment engineering. The purpose of ensuring the reinforcement effect and saving the project cost, and providing references for the similar projects can be achieved through the test study on effective reinforcement depth of dynamic compaction and filling replacement.

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S.J, Rexline, and Albert William M. "Effective storage of source code of the student’s projects in digital libraries." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.5 (2018): 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.5.21162.

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In higher educational institutions, the source code of the student's projects and their documentations should be submitted in both printed and electronic form. The electronic form of storage smooth the progress of computerized processing of the documents for purposes such as plagiarism detection and for future references. Considering the higher education system, there are several hundred theses added to the archive every year. The primary motivation for this paper was to reduce the storage requirements of the student's projects and their doc- mentation’s electronic archive in higher education institutions.

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Zhu, Qing Qing, Qiang Qiang Miao, and Shu Ping Jiang. "On Karst Water Inrush (Gushing) Geological Environment in Pingyang Tunnel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 580-583 (July 2014): 1008–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.580-583.1008.

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According to Pingyang tunnel karst complex groundwater environment ,This paper carried out thorough theoretical analysis and field observation from Pingyang tunnel stratum rock properties, engineering geology, hydrogeology, the surrounding patch, runoff and drainage and the changes of surface water environment, as well as tunnel excavating. The complex formation mechanism has given in the Pingyang tunnel karst water . Some effective references had put forward for the engineering treatment, provided some valuable references for other similar underground engineering construction.

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Spasennikov, Valeriy. "Scientific article as a means of effective communication: recommendations for writing and formatting." Ergodesign 2020, no. 2 (2020): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/2658-4026-2020-2-51-57.

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The role of the scientific journal in the process of solving strategic tasks of information and educational activities is shown. The significance of a scientific article as a publication genre depending on the level of the scientific community and communication goals is revealed. Recommendations for writing and formatting a scientific article from both a substantive and formal point of view are given. The levels of novelty, radicality and originality of scientific articles are justified. The principles of compiling a list of references when writing a scientific article are highlighted.

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Celes, Waldemar, Glaucio H. Paulino, and Rodrigo Espinha. "Efficient Handling of Implicit Entities in Reduced Mesh Representations." Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering 5, no. 4 (2005): 348–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2052830.

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State-of-the-art numerical analyses require mesh representation with a data structure that provides topological information. Due to the increasing size of the meshes currently used for simulating complex behaviors with finite elements or boundary elements (e.g., adaptive and/or coupled analyses), several researchers have proposed the use of reduced mesh representations. In a reduced representation, only a few types of the defined topological entities are explicitly represented; all the others are implicit and retrieved “on-the-fly,” as required. Despite being very effective in reducing the memory space needed to represent large models, reduced representations face the challenge of ensuring the consistency of all implicit entities when the mesh undergoes modifications. As implicit entities are usually described by references to explicit ones, modifying the mesh may change the way implicit entities (which are not directly modified) are represented, e.g., the referenced explicit entities may no longer exist. We propose a new and effective strategy to treat implicit entities in reduced representations, which is capable of handling transient nonmanifold configurations. Our strategy allows, from the application point of view, explicit and implicit entities to be interchangeably handled in a uniform and transparent way. As a result, the application can list, access, attach properties to, and hold references to implicit entities, and the underlying data structure ensures that all such information remains valid even if the mesh is modified. The validity of the proposed approach is demonstrated by running a set of computational experiments on different models subjected to dynamic remeshing operations.

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Archer, Melissa L. "The Worship Scenes in the Apocalypse, Effective History, and Early Pentecostal Periodical Literature." Journal of Pentecostal Theology 21, no. 1 (2012): 87–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/174552512x633312.

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History of effect is a recent methodology being used as a means to discover the ways in which readers are influenced by biblical texts. This essay seeks to discover how the early Pentecostals were influenced in their worship by their reading of the Apocalypse. Early Pentecostal literature is filled with references to the worship practices and experiences of the early Pentecostal communities. The literature, which is largely testimonial in nature, indicates that the early Pentecostals were deeply influenced in their worship by the Apocalypse. This essay provides a survey of both Wesleyan-Pentecostal and Finished Work periodical literature from 1906-1916.

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Chao, Zhang, Xu Da-Qing, Liu Shu-Lin, and Liu Ning-Zhuang. "E-kRelation of Valence Band in Arbitrary Orientation/Typical Plane Uniaxially Strained." Advances in Condensed Matter Physics 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/686303.

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Uniaxial strain technology is an effective way to improve the performance of the small size CMOS devices, by which carrier mobility can be enhanced. TheE-krelation of the valence band in uniaxially strained Si is the theoretical basis for understanding and enhancing hole mobility. The solving procedure of the relation and its analytic expression were still lacking, and the compressive results of the valence band parameters in uniaxially strained Si were not found in the references. So, theE-krelation has been derived by taking strained Hamiltonian perturbation into account. And then the valence band parameters were obtained, including the energy levels at Γ point, the splitting energy, and hole effective masses. Our analytic models and quantized results will provide significant theoretical references for the understanding of the strained materials physics and its design.

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KĘSICKA, Karolina. "ZWISCHEN SPRACH- UND REZEPTIONSÖKONOMIE. ZU VERWEISUNGEN ALS MITTEL DER TEXTVERDICHTUNG AN BEISPIELEN AUS DEM DEUTSCHEN STGB." Comparative Legilinguistics 29 (March 15, 2017): 31–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/cl.2017.29.02.

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In the era of globalized knowledge and communication language economy has become important determining factor in the creation process of specialized texts. The language economy has to ensure effective communication and to reduce the cognitive effort required for a text reception and production. To optimize the communication process, a variety of measures have been developed to make text condensation possible. One of these measures are references in legal texts. The purpose of this paper is to present different types of references combined with the analysis of their text function and role in the process of text reception. By empirically examining of the selected examples from the German Criminal Code,we will examine whether the language economy always helps the reader to understand legal texts? Finally, our focus is on showing of the possible causes for the communication inefficiency of examined references.

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Chen, Yen-Cheng, and Hsiang-Chun Lin. "Exploring Effective Sensory Experience in the Environmental Design of Sustainable Cafés." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 23 (2020): 8957. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238957.

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The aim of this study was to explore and construct spatial indicators suitable for green café ambience. The indicators were further empirically verified. A three-round questionnaire survey, based on the Delphi method, was conducted with 15 experts, including university professors (food and beverage services management and interior environmental design), café operators, and personnel from government agencies. Data were collected, and the results on the characteristics of the repeated feedback from the experts were convergent. Thirty-six indicators suitable for the design of green café ambience were extracted, of which 17 were verified by actual cafés as highly operable. The five-sense indicators of sustainable green ambience design obtained in this study can facilitate positive customer experiences and enhance the appeal of maintaining sustainable green trends for cafés. These indicators can also provide references for café operators in business planning and green café ambience design.

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Meyers, C. Kenneth, Sara Kurovski, and Stephen E. Clapham. "Internships: The Nuts And Bolts Of An Effective Program." Journal of Business Case Studies (JBCS) 12, no. 2 (2016): 41–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jbcs.v12i2.9621.

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Braxston Public Engineering and Consulting Group (BPECG) is a nationally known and respected company that is magnate for students who wish to receive a valued internship experience. Under the able direction of Amy Greene, the work experiences were coordinated during the summer and interns were well paid for their contributions. The case study chronicles the trials and tribulations faced by a competent, highly energized engineering intern who faces the malaise of an organization that is unprepared to provide a valid learning experience. As the case unfolds, Greene has an Eureka experience and learns from a colleague how interns can and do make vital contributions (ROI’s) to their assigned organizations. Upon reviewing the contributions that interns made in three organizations, she redesigns Braxston’s Internship program, reviews the State University Intern to Work Program that addresses, among many other factors, the internship purpose, supervision, learning objectives, and intern and employer obligations. The case includes an Intern Evaluation form and a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between the university and the company. Last, the Questions and Instructions provide for focused discussion and analysis and the references enable learners to research the top internship programs in the United States.

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Li, Lan. "Analysis and Research of Problems Faced by Big Data Era." Applied Mechanics and Materials 347-350 (August 2013): 3252–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.347-350.3252.

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In this paper, the basic concepts of Big Data, as well as problems faced by Big Data research and corresponding research results were introduced. This research intends to provide references for the rapid processing of complex data and effective acquisition of useful information in Big Data Era.

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Lazzara, Elizabeth H., Anthony L. Baker, Natalie Abts, et al. "Going Mobile: Guiding the Development of Safer and More Effective Mobile Access in Healthcare." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 61, no. 1 (2017): 578–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601629.

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Smartphones and tablets continue to be weaved into our everyday lives. The proliferation of these technologies has also led to rapid growth in the number of medical technologies that are available. In particular, medical software offers a large variety of benefits, with specific applications serving as communication platforms, information references, health record databases, and much more. It is clear that medical software has myriad benefits, but it also presents many challenges, such as reliability, usability, and regulatory oversight. Thus, the objective of this discussion panel is to assemble professionals in the fields of healthcare, usability, and human-system integration to address the question: How can the sciences of human factors and medicine work together to influence the design and implementation of safe, effective mobile medical software?

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Shen, Liu-Lei, Zhi-Bin Shen, Yan Xie, and Hai-Yang Li. "Effective Mechanical Property Estimation of Composite Solid Propellants Based on VCFEM." International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2050876.

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A solid rocket motor is one of the critical components of solid missiles, and its life and reliability mostly depend on the mechanical behavior of a composite solid propellant (CSP). Effective mechanical properties are critical material constants to analyze the structural integrity of propellant grain. They are estimated by a numerical method that combines the Voronoi cell finite element method (VCFEM) and the homogenization method in the present paper. The correctness of this combined method has been validated by comparing with a standard finite element method and conventional theoretical models. The effective modulus and the effective Poisson’s ratio of a CSP varying with volume fraction and component material properties are estimated. The result indicates that the variations of the volume fraction of inclusions and the properties of the matrix have obvious influences on the effective mechanical properties of a CSP. The microscopic numerical analysis method proposed in this paper can also be used to provide references for the design and the analysis of other large volume fraction composite materials.

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Jin, Hui. "Analysis on the Effective Application of VPN Technology in Hospital Information Construction." Modern Electronic Technology 1, no. 1 (2017): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.26549/met.v1i1.327.

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With the rapid development of economic construction, constant improvement of economic level of china, all walks of life have technologically conducted in-depth study on related knowledge applied in their own areas. Among them, the application of relative technology as well as relative requirements in medical industry is also constantly improving. The application of emerging technology not only plays a significant role in the modernization development of hospital, but also is greatly significant on the improvement of medical quality. Therefore the key point of hospital development is how to use network technique to ensure the rapid, stable and safe operation of hospital's daily work. Starting from the information construction of hospital, this paper has made a discussion on the concept and advantages of VPN technology, and an analysis on the specific application of VPN technology in hospital. According to the discourse of the paper, it's possible to provide valuable references and suggestions for the application of VPN technology on the information construction of hospitals.

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Chen, Ming, Ming Dong Chen, and Zhong Chao Yang. "Calculation Method and Application for Navigable Hydraulic Parameters of Jinsha River." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 3500–3504. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.3500.

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According to the modified Эиванков calculation method and the balance relationship between representative ship effective thrust and resistance, the calculation method of maximal effective thrust is established by transforming hydrodynamic condition to hydrostatics condition due to the hydrodynamic complexity. One calculation method of navigable hydraulic parameters adapted for Jinsha River is put forward and applied successfully in prototype tests at Shuifu Port in Jinsha River.This method is convenient for application and can provide references for calculating navigable hydraulic parameters in other rivers.

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Cho, Mi-Kyoung, and Mi-Young Choi. "Effect of Distraction Intervention for Needle-Related Pain and Distress in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 17 (2021): 9159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179159.

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A systematic review and meta-analysis conducted to evaluate the combined effect of distraction intervention for needle-related pain in order to provide the basis for developing an effective nursing intervention for children. We searched three electronic databases, PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL, for original articles published in the period from 1 January 2011 to 31 July 2019. In addition, a manual search was performed on the basis of references in the literature and the references of the articles in pursuit of comprehensive data until 10 December 2019. Meta-analysis was performed by the synthesis of the effect size, homogeneity, heterogeneity, and trim-and-fill method using MIX 2.0 Pro. Well-planned RCTs, single-center studies, high-quality studies, participants older than 10 years of age, and visual and clown distraction interventions were effective for needle-related pain and distress management among children. The results showed evidence supporting the effect of distraction interventions for children’s needle-related pain and distress. Through this review, strategies were identified to design better interventions to improve the outcomes.

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Hua, Kang, Xueliu Xu, Zhiping Luo, Dong Fang, Rui Bao, and Jianhong Yi. "Effective Removal of Mercury Ions in Aqueous Solutions: A Review." Current Nanoscience 16, no. 3 (2020): 363–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573413715666190112110659.

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Background: Due to its high toxicity and bioaccumulation, the existence of mercury in the environment is always a big threat to human beings. In order to control mercury pollution, scientists have put great efforts in the past decades. Methods: Precipitation, adsorption, membrane separation, biological treatment and ion exchange are reviewed as a remover for mercury removal. For each material type, we not only reported on the removal mechanism, but also discussed the best areas for it. The correlation method and step-to-step focusing method have been used for references. Conclusion: With the exploration and application of research, people have mastered a variety of mature technologies for the treatment of mercury-containing wastewater. Using inexpensive adsorbents is a cost-effective method for treating low concentrations of heavy metal wastewater. Ion exchange with a fast removal rate has been widely used in the field of heavy metal removal from wastewater. The biological treatment method can effectively treat low-concentration mercurycontaining wastewater. However, there is still a need to develop novel mercury removers with high capacity, fast removal rate, and low removal limit. Nanomaterials with a high specific surface area on substrate with synergistic effects, such as high adsorption and ion exchange, are the future research points.

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Chai, J. Y., Z. Prasov, and S. Qu. "Cognitive Principles in Robust Multimodal Interpretation." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 27 (September 26, 2006): 55–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.1936.

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Multimodal conversational interfaces provide a natural means for users to communicate with computer systems through multiple modalities such as speech and gesture. To build effective multimodal interfaces, automated interpretation of user multimodal inputs is important. Inspired by the previous investigation on cognitive status in multimodal human machine interaction, we have developed a greedy algorithm for interpreting user referring expressions (i.e., multimodal reference resolution). This algorithm incorporates the cognitive principles of Conversational Implicature and Givenness Hierarchy and applies constraints from various sources (e.g., temporal, semantic, and contextual) to resolve references. Our empirical results have shown the advantage of this algorithm in efficiently resolving a variety of user references. Because of its simplicity and generality, this approach has the potential to improve the robustness of multimodal input interpretation.

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Buryachenko, V. A. "Multiparticle Effective Field and Related Methods in Micromechanics of Composite Materials." Applied Mechanics Reviews 54, no. 1 (2001): 1–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3097287.

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The numerous approaches used in micromechanics can be classified into four broad categories: perturbation methods, self-consistent methods of truncation of a hierarchy, variational methods, and the model methods. In detail we will consider the self-consistent methods applied to linear elastic problems, based on some approximate and closing assumptions for truncating of an infinite system of integral equations involved and their approximate solution. We consider multiparticle effective field methods, effective medium methods, the Mori-Tanaka method, differential methods and some others. This review article tends to concentrate on methods and concepts, their possible generalizations, and connections of different methods, rather than explicit results. In the framework of a unique scheme, we undertake an attempt to analyze the wide class of statical and dynamical, local and nonlocal, linear and nonlinear micromechanical problems of composite materials with deterministic (periodic and non-periodic) and random (statistically homogeneous and inhomogeneous, so-called graded) structures, containing coated or uncoated inclusions of any shape and orientation and subjected to coupled or uncoupled, homogeneous or inhomogeneous, external fields of different physical natures. The last section contains a discussion of prospects for future work. The article includes 540 references.

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Shortis, Elizabeth. "Have interventions been effective at increasing the rates of breastfeeding in the UK?" British Journal of Midwifery 27, no. 5 (2019): 312–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjom.2019.27.5.312.

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Background The World Health Organization recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life; however, UK breastfeeding rates are some of the lowest worldwide. As such, various interventions have been trialled, aiming to increase breastfeeding rates. Aims To evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to increase breastfeeding rates in the UK and determine the features of successful interventions. Methods A literature search was performed, using four databases. The results were refined by applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Two additional articles were recognised by scanning the references sections of identified studies, resulting in 12 articles for review. Findings Support-based interventions had predominantly insignificant effects upon breastfeeding rates. Incentives were associated with increases in rates, while combined interventions had mixed success. The interventions were well received by mothers and clinicians and may help to normalise breastfeeding. Conclusions Future interventions should provide targeted, personalised support to overcome breastfeeding difficulties, and reward mothers for their efforts.

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Peamsuwan, Rapeepong, and Bundit Krittacom. "Estimating Correlation of Effective Thermal Conductivity on the Spherical Packed Bed Porous Media." Applied Mechanics and Materials 575 (June 2014): 282–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.575.282.

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The correlation of an effective thermal conductivity (keff) on spherical packed bed porous media with stagnant fluid was proposed. Alumina-Cordierite ceramic ball (Al-Co) having average diameter (d) of 2.1 cm and porosity (Φ) of 0.468 was examined. The experimental procedure was operated based on ASTM E1225. The tested porous sample was sandwiched by references materials (Solid Brass, 70%Cu, 30%Zn). A higher temperature (TH) on the top of test set was obtained from wire heater with a constant electrical power of 350 W. The water cooling set was installed at the bottom of to generate a lower temperature (TL). Four previous models established from geometrical structure were compared to validate the present correlation. From experiment, it was found that keff decreased with increasing TH. Thus, the relation between keff and TH was appropriately proposed by a correlating linear-equation (keff/kf = 329.2(1-0.1028(TH/100)). Agreement between the present correlation and literature models was satisfied particular.

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Hohe and, Jo¨rg, and Wilfried Becker. "Effective stress-strain relations for two-dimensional cellular sandwich cores: Homogenization, material models, and properties." Applied Mechanics Reviews 55, no. 1 (2001): 61–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1425394.

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The theory of sandwich construction has been an active field of research for more than five decades. Aim of the present article is to review the work dedicated to the theoretical determination of the effective stress-strain material behavior of two-dimensional cellular materials with large-scale cells used as core material of structural sandwich panels. Both, the applied homogenization schemes and the applied material models are considered. Explicit expressions for the linear properties of a variety of basic cell geometries are presented, as well as schemes for the analysis of more general cases. In addition, the incorporation of specific effects such as cell wall imperfections or core face sheet constraints and the analysis of nonlinear elastic and elastic-plastic effective material response are reviewed. This review article includes 148 references.

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Hu, Hui Yong, Shuai Lei, He Ming Zhang, Rong Xi Xuan, and Bin Shu. "Electron Mobility Model of Strained Si_1-xGe_x(001)." Solid State Phenomena 181-182 (November 2011): 378–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.181-182.378.

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Solving the Schrödinger equation with strain Hamiltonian and combining with KP theory, we obtained the conductivity effective mass and density of states effective mass of strained Si1-xGex(001) in this paper. On the basis of conductivity effective mass and density of states effective mass, considered of Fermi golden rule and Boltzman collision term approximation theory, scattering rate model was established in strained Si1-xGex(001). Based on the conductivity effective mass and scattering rate models we discussed the dependence of electron mobility on stress and doping concentration in strained Si1-xGex(001), it shows that electron mobility decrease with the increasing of stress and doping concentration. This result can provide valuable references to the research of electron mobility of strained Si1-xGexmaterials and the design of devices.

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Malik, Basharat Ahmad, and Ashiya Ahmadi. "Investigation into the development and historical roots of collection development by referenced publication year spectroscopy." Collection and Curation 39, no. 4 (2020): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cc-08-2019-0024.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is the application of a recently developed quantitative method named Referenced Publication Year Spectroscopy (RPYS) in the spectrum of Collection Development. RPYS portrays peak years to be recognized in citations in a research field that guarantees to assist in the identification of significant contributions and groundbreaking revelations in a research field. Design/methodology/approach Preliminary data of the study has been extracted from Web of Science (WoS) by using two phrases “collection development” and “collection building” to search in terms of the topic (comprising four parts: title, abstract, author keywords and KeyWords Plus). The search was restricted to the time period 1974-2017, which formulated a data set of 1,682 documents covering 29,017 cited references. The program CRExplorer (www.crexplorer.net) was used for the extraction of cited references from the data sets downloaded from WoS. Further analysis was performed manually using MS-Excel 2016. Findings The present study identified seminal works, which contributed to a high extent to the evolution and development of collection development. The analysis of all cited references using the RPYS method showed nine peaks, which present historical roots of collection development and revealed that the basic idea of this very subfield of library science dates centuries back. Moreover, the results of the investigation on most effective documents (in the form of peaks) revealed that the field of collection development significantly influenced by the works of authors such as Gabriel Naudé, Gabriel Peignot, Giulio Petzholdt, P L Gross, E M Gross, Richard Trueswell, Allen Kent, Ross Atkinson, etc. Practical implications The analysis of works cited in publications helps to ascertain important intellectual contributions related to a particular domain of knowledge. It not only helps in extracting the most important works but also it helps to reconstruct the history of a specific research field by examining the specific role of the cited references. Therefore, the results of the study could be useful for researchers, practitioners, scholars and more specifically bibliophiles, bibliographers and librarians to gain a better understanding of seminal works in the spectrum of collection development. Originality/value To the best of authors’ knowledge, the present research work is unique and novel in the spectrum of collection development, which explored and examined the pivotal works in the field by using the RPYS method.

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Blakemore, Louise M., Sarah E. M. Meek, and Leah K. Marks. "Equipping Learners to Evaluate Online Health Care Resources: Longitudinal Study of Learning Design Strategies in a Health Care Massive Open Online Course." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 2 (2020): e15177. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/15177.

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Background The digital revolution has led to a boom in the number of available online health care resources. To navigate these resources successfully, digital literacy education is required. Learners who can evaluate the reliability and validity of online health care information are likely to be more effective at avoiding potentially dangerous misinformation. In addition to providing health care education, massive open online courses (MOOCs) are well positioned to play a role in providing digital literacy education in this context. Objective This study focused on learners enrolled in a MOOC on cancer genomics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a series of digital literacy–related activities within this course. This was an iterative study, with changes made to digital literacy–related activities in 4 of the 8 runs of the course. Methods This mixed methods study focused on learner engagement with the digital literacy–related activities, including the final course written assignment. Quantitative data including the number of references listed in each written assignment were compared between successive runs. Qualitative data in the form of learner comments on discussion forums for digital literacy–related tasks were evaluated to determine the impact of these educational activities. Results Using the number of references included for each final course assignment as an indicator of digital literacy skills, the digital literacy–related activities in the final 2 runs were judged to be the most successful. We found a statistically significant increase in the number of references cited by learners in their final written assignments. The average number of references cited in Run 8 was significantly higher (3.5) than in Run 1 (1.8) of the MOOC (P=.001). Learner comments in Runs 7 and 8 showed that a poll in which learners were asked to select which of 4 online resources was reliable was effective in stimulating learner discussion about how to evaluate resource reliability. Conclusions Similar to many health care MOOCs, the course studied here had a heterogeneous group of learners, including patients (and their families), the public, health care students, and practitioners. Carefully designing a range of digital literacy–related activities that would be beneficial to this heterogenous group of learners enabled learners to become more effective at evaluating and citing appropriate online resources within their written assignments.

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Pylypchuk, George B. "ACE Inhibitor—Versus Angiotensin II Blocker–Induced Cough and Angioedema." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 32, no. 10 (1998): 1060–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.17388.

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OBJECTIVE: To compare the tolerability of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors with that of angiotensin II (AII)-receptor blockers and the incidence of cough and angioedema associated with their use through review of published data. DATA SOURCES: References were identified through a MEDLINE search of articles published between January 1975 and April 1997. Bibliographies of pertinent references were also reviewed. RESULTS: Results of placebo-controlled and comparative trials of the AII blockers demonstrate that they are at least as effective as ACE inhibitors for hypertension, but exhibit an incidence of cough and absent or rare angioedema like that of placebo. CONCLUSIONS: In the 10 comparative trials described, all reported a lower incidence of cough with AII blockers than with ACE inhibitors. Angioedema was not reported in the comparative trials described.

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Saipullah, Saipullah. "Nilai-Nilai Pendidikan Karakter Dalam Kitab Adab Al-‘Alim Wa Al-Muta’allim dan Relevansinya Terhadap Pendidikan Karakter di Indonesia." Tarbawiyah Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan 4, no. 1 (2020): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32332/tarbawiyah.v4i1.1929.

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The results of this study concluded that the strengthening of the feeling is more effective than the strengthening of the ratio in self-development. It can be done withthat the values of character education contained in Adab al-‘Alim wa al-Muta‘allim written by KH. Hasyim Asyari are taqwa, loving science, zuhd, discipline, al-qawamiyah, patience, wara’, tawad‘u, hard work/sincerity, loving cleanliness, democracy, affection, communication/ frienkedship, righteousness, social care, and gratitude. These 17 values are in accordance with character education in Indonesia. So that it can be interpreted that the values are proven to form a good disciple (santri) and support effective teaching and learning activities. The primary source of this study is Adab al-‘Alim wa al-Muta‘allim written by KH. Hasyim Asyari. While secondary data are references related to character education in the form of books, magazines, journals and other references relevant to this research. This research is library research. The data obtained were analyzed by descriptive-analysis approach that is by describing the book Adab al-‘Alim wa al-Muta‘allim withsocial history analysis in character education, then analyzed by conducting in-depth study about character education values and their relevance to character education in Indonesia.

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Song, Jian Jun, Heng Sheng Shan, He Ming Zhang, et al. "Model of DOS near the Top of Valence Band in Strained Si_1-xGe_x/(001)Si." Applied Mechanics and Materials 55-57 (May 2011): 979–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.55-57.979.

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Strained Si1-xGextechnology has been widely adopted to enhance hole mobility. One of the most important physical parameters is density of state near the top of valence band in strained Si1-xGexmaterials. In this paper, we first obtained the hole effective mass along arbitrarily k wavevector directions, the hole isotropic effective masses and density of state effective mass of hole in strained Si1-xGex/(001)Si with the framework of K.P theory. And then, model of density of state near the top of valence band in strained Si1-xGex/(001)Si materials was established, which can provide valuable references to the understanding on its material physics and theoretical basis on the other important physical parameters.

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Zhao, Junqiang. "Demonstrative References of This and That in English Speeches by Chinese College Students." Journal of South Asian Studies 8, no. 1 (2021): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/jsas.008.01.3331.

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Demonstrative reference is a common means of cohesion in discourse. Based on Cohesion Theory by Halliday and Hasan, the paper is aimed at exploring the use of this and that as a means of deixis and reference in college English speeches from the perspective of discourse cohesion to achieve more effective analysis and appreciation of English speeches.

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Budiyanto, Moch Agus Krisno, Samsun Hadi, Tien Aminah, and H. Husamah. "Ecotourism-Based Learning Models in Efforts to Implement Effective Learning: A conceptual research." Prisma Sains : Jurnal Pengkajian Ilmu dan Pembelajaran Matematika dan IPA IKIP Mataram 8, no. 2 (2020): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.33394/j-ps.v8i2.3234.

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Various previous studies have shown that ecotourism has great potential and benefits when associated with education and especially in learning. This review study aimed to explore an ecotourism-based learning model at the high school level in Malang, East Java. The focused in the review were (1) competencies and indicators of learning outcomes of all subjects in all subjects that could apply ecotourism-based learning 2) the potential for regional ecotourism (especially school environments in East Java) which could be used for ecotourism-based learning based on competencies and outcome indicators learning, and 3) drafted recommendations for learning models based on ecotourism. Based on the results of a review of various references, it can be stated that four things need to be considered in the application of an ecotourism-based learning model, namely the conceptual framework, planning, implementation, evaluation, and furthering the ecotourism-based learning model. Furthermore, It was necessary to develop an ecotourism-based Learning Model that follows an appropriate development model, so that an implementable model is produced.

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Tzou, Gow Yi, Yeong Maw Hwang, and Hsiang Yu Teng. "FEM Simulation and Experimental Verification on Rotating Compression Forming of Double-Layer Clad Ring Considering Shear Friction." Applied Mechanics and Materials 764-765 (May 2015): 280–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.764-765.280.

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This study uses FEM simulation based on Deform 3D commercial software to explore the plastic behaviors in the rotating compression of double-layer bounded clad ring under constant shear friction. The effective stress, the effective strain, the velocity field, the compression force under various forming conditions can be determined from FEM simulation. The realistic experiment has been performed to verify the acceptance of FEM simulation. From the comparisons, the compression force and free surfaces of outer and inner diameters shows a good agreement with the experiments, it proves the FEM simulation can be accepted as industry references.

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Zhao, Jia, Chang Hua Li, and Jun Lian. "Optimal Calculation of Non-Probabilistic Structure Reliability Index." Advanced Materials Research 1048 (October 2014): 560–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1048.560.

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The optimal calculaion of non-probabilistic structure reliability index is researched, where the minimum distance from the origin to the limit-state surface in the standard normal space is required. From the viewpoints of the global nolinear and local linear, it build the global approximate variational inequality. The primal coupled potential function is used to decide direction and step of searching. It is more effective in convergence and polynomials than the other methods in the related references. After a brief review, the method are compared through two numerical examples. It shows that the present method is effective and feasibility.

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Joshi, Abhishek, Shrikrishna Rajagopala, and Patel Kalpana S. "A Critical Review on Balachaturbhadra Churna: An Effective Ayurveda Formulation for the Pediatric Age." International Journal of Interreligious and Intercultural Studies 2, no. 1 (2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.32795/ijiis.vol2.iss1.2019.306.

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Balachaturbhadra Churna offers a multitude of health benefits for which it has become so poapular prescription by Kaumarbhritya practioners of Ayurveda. It is a combination of four drugs Musta, Pippali, Ativisha and Karkatashringi. This combination was first mentioned in Chakradatta and has been in practice since a millennium. Many queries have been raised on the usage of Aconite species of drugs recently, thus doubting the safety and efficacy of Balachaturbhadra Churna. Very few works have been published on Balachaturbhadra Churna till now. The aim of the present study was to compile and review such available references from classics and research works published on Balachaturbhadra Churna. Total five studies are published on Balachaturbhadra Churna, which revalidated the impact of classical guidelines. The research papers revealed standards of Quality Control and pharmacological efficacy of the drug. All the experimental studies revealed that Balachaturbhadra Churna is having no toxic hazards at very higher Dose levels, proving it safe for therapeutic use. Though certain limitations were observed in these researches, the results can be considered as a lead for further well stratified clinical studies.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Effective references'

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