Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Effective Speed'

This dissertation proposes a novel and effective system for tracking high-speed skaters. A novel registration method is employed to automatically discover key frames to build the panorama. Then, the homography between a frame and the real world rink can be generated accordingly. Aimed at several challenging tracking problems of short track skating, a novel multiple-objects tracking approach is proposed which includes: Gaussian mixture models (GMMs), evolving templates, constrained dynamical model, fuzzy model, multiple templates initialization, and evolution. The outputs of the system include spatialtemporal trajectories, velocity analysis, and 2D reconstruction animations. The tracking accuracy is about 10 cm (2 pixels). Such information is invaluable for sports experts. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed system.

Recent trend in deep learning research is to build ever more deep networks (i.e. increase the number of layers) to solve real world classification/optimization problems. This introduces challenges for applications with a latency dependence. The problem arises from the amount of computations that needs to be performed for each evaluation. This is addressed by reducing inference speed. In this study we analyze two different methods for speeding up the evaluation of deep neural networks. The first method reduces the number of weights in a convolutional layer by decomposing its convolutional kernel. The second method lets samples exit a network through early exit branches when classifications are certain. Both methods were evaluated on several network architectures with consistent results. Convolutional kernel decomposition shows 20-70% speed up with no more than 1% loss in classification accuracy in setups evaluated. Early exit branches show up to 300% speed up with no loss in classification accuracy when evaluated on CPUs.
De senaste årens trend inom deep learning har varit att addera fler och fler lager till neurala nätverk. Det här introducerar nya utmaningar i applikationer med latensberoende. Problemet uppstår från mängden beräkningar som måste utföras vid varje evaluering. Detta adresseras med en reducering av inferenshastigheten. Jag analyserar två olika metoder för att snabba upp evalueringen av djupa neurala näverk. Den första metoden reducerar antalet vikter i ett faltningslager via en tensordekomposition på dess kärna. Den andra metoden låter samples lämna nätverket via tidiga förgreningar när en klassificering är säker. Båda metoderna utvärderas på flertalet nätverksarkitekturer med konsistenta resultat. Dekomposition på fältningskärnan visar 20-70% hastighetsökning med mindre än 1% försämring av klassifikationssäkerhet i evaluerade konfigurationer. Tidiga förgreningar visar upp till 300% hastighetsökning utan någon försämring av klassifikationssäkerhet när de evalueras på CPU.

Thesis (M.S. in Applied Physics)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2004.
Thesis advisor(s): Gamani Karunasiri, Ronald E. Brown. Includes bibliographical references (p. 33). Also available online.

The effectiveness of police strategy in influencing motorists’ choice of speed must be questioned because speeding has remained a consistent factor in accidents to this day. In light of this persistence, the objective of this research is to develop more effective speed enforcement by investigating the effects of police presence, motorists’ training, and roadside publicity on motorists’ choice of speed. These factors are the most widespread interventions implemented by police all over the world, although only a few have investigated how effective these interventions, in fact, are either as a single or as a combined intervention. This study was conducted in Indonesian road and applied a factorial experiment design where police, training and publicity were operated as the intervention factors. Participants’ responses were recorded during driving throughout prearranged test routes. Further, a traffic survey and questionnaires for motorists and police officers were utilized to support the study’s results. A survey of motorists shows that they are aware of the consequences of speeding, although prefer softer approaches to handle it, while a survey of police forces shows a high level of satisfaction for existing measures, including the new proposed speed enforcement program. There are still many aspects yet undiscovered that correlate to public attitude and police officer job satisfaction to current speed enforcement methods. One important finding of this research is the discovery of a three-way interaction effect on dual carriageways, which means that the addition of training and publicity to police interventions increases the effectiveness of speed enforcement. However, on single carriageways, the only significant effect was produced by the police presence. The combination of three factors not only reduced mean speed by 14% and 10% on dual and single carriageways respectively but also increased compliance by 72% and 33% until the end of test route. The estimated fatal casualty reductions are 52% and 33% for single and dual carriageways. Surprisingly, the training as the single factor has increased travel speeds on dual carriageways, although the effect has changed drastically when combined with police and roadside publicity. This finding could only be justified by the fact that training increase motorists’ confidence. Thus, we need guidance to avoid the confidence bias. Also, different distances of halo effect were observed on both routes in relation to the combination of intervention applied. Finally, the result shows that there is potential for further development of speed enforcement programs by combining training and roadside publicity into police enforcement. In addition, this study also proposes a number of policies so that enforcement agencies can increase the effectiveness police enforcement.

Cluster analysis, the automatic procedure by which large data sets can be split into similar groups of objects (clusters), has innumerable applications in a wide range of problem domains. Improvements in clustering quality (as captured by internal validation indexes) and speed (number of iterations until cost function convergence), the main focus of this work, have many desirable consequences. They can result, for example, in faster and more precise detection of illness onset based on symptoms or it could provide investors with a rapid detection and visualization of patterns in financial time series and so on. Partitional clustering, one of the most popular ways of doing cluster analysis, can be classified into two main categories: hard (where the clusters discovered are disjoint) and soft (also known as fuzzy; clusters are non-disjoint, or overlapping). In this work we consider how improvements in the speed and solution quality of the soft partitional clustering algorithm Fuzzy C-means (FCM) can be achieved through more careful and informed initialization based on data content. By carefully selecting the cluster centers in a way which disperses the initial cluster centers through the data space, the resulting FCM++ approach samples starting cluster centers during the initialization phase. The cluster centers are well spread in the input space, resulting in both faster convergence times and higher quality solutions. Moreover, we allow the user to specify a parameter indicating how far and apart the cluster centers should be picked in the dataspace right at the beginning of the clustering procedure. We show FCM++'s superior behaviour in both convergence times and quality compared with existing methods, on a wide rangeof artificially generated and real data sets. We consider a case study where we propose a methodology based on FCM++for pattern discovery on synthetic and real world time series data. We discuss a method to utilize both Pearson correlation and Multi-Dimensional Scaling in order to reduce data dimensionality, remove noise and make the dataset easier to interpret and analyse. We show that by using FCM++ we can make an positive impact on the quality (with the Xie Beni index being lower in nine out of ten cases for FCM++) and speed (with on average 6.3 iterations compared with 22.6 iterations) when trying to cluster these lower dimensional, noise reduced, representations of the time series. This methodology provides a clearer picture of the cluster analysis results and helps in detecting similarly behaving time series which could otherwise come from any domain. Further, we investigate the use of Spherical Fuzzy C-Means (SFCM) with the seeding mechanism used for FCM++ on news text data retrieved from a popular British newspaper. The methodology allows us to visualize and group hundreds of news articles based on the topics discussed within. The positive impact made by SFCM++ translates into a faster process (with on average 12.2 iterations compared with the 16.8 needed by the standard SFCM) and a higher quality solution (with the Xie Beni being lower for SFCM++ in seven out of every ten runs).

Thesis (Honors)--Ohio State University, 2007.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages: contains vii, 36 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 35-36). Available online via Ohio State University's Knowledge Bank.

Thesis (Honors)--Ohio State University, 2006.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formattted into pages: contains vii, 41 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 40-41). Available online via Ohio State University's Knowledge Bank.

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Esta dissertação baseia-se na hipótese de que as pessoas não escolhem os seus modos de transporte de maneira efetiva, pois não consideram o tempo adicional gasto para serem capazes de pagar um determinado modo no tempo total de deslocamento. A escolha do tema é justificada pela necessidade de aprofundamento em nível local e nacional, de ferramentas de apoio à tomada de decisão para os usuários e para os planejadores de políticas públicas. O objetivo principal é estimar a velocidade efetiva para diferentes modos de transporte utilizando como objeto empírico o contexto atual dos padrões de deslocamento da Região Metropolitana do Recife de e para o bairro do Recife. Se propõe ainda a avaliar a velocidade efetiva considerando as diferentes classes sociais. A indicação dos modos de transporte mais efetivos para cada nível de renda e sugestões para os gestores públicos e para os cidadãos sobre os modos mais efetivos são apresentados nas conclusões. A partir dos resultados encontrados na pesquisa, espera-se ofertar aos tomadores de decisão uma ferramenta de análise capaz de subsidiar políticas que visem melhor aplicação do recurso público de forma mais justa para a sociedade. O referencial teórico abrange temas como o uso de teorias comportamentais no transporte, o conceito teórico de velocidade efetiva, de acessibilidade e de inclusão social. O modelo de análise escolhido para testar a hipótese foi o da velocidade efetiva dos meios de transporte. A hipótese foi confirmada, pois a escolha do modo de transporte da amostra não coincidiu com o modo indicado pela metodologia. De acordo com o método da velocidade efetiva todas as classes deveriam utilizar o metrô para se deslocar pendularmente até o bairro do Recife. A bicicleta apresentou um desempenho honrável, ocupando o segundo lugar para os níveis de renda 2, 3 e 4 e o terceiro para os níveis 1 e 5. Além disso, muitos dos entrevistados demonstraram desejo em utilizar a bicicleta, reprimido, principalmente, pela falta de infraestrutura adequada e segurança pública e viária. O transporte a pé se destacou para o nível de renda 1, ocupando o segundo lugar e, para os níveis 2,3,4, ainda ocupou a terceira colocação, enfatizando uma necessidade de melhoria das calçadas na RMR. Para os níveis 5 e 6 de renda, o transporte público por ônibus ficou com o segundo lugar. Os veículos particulares motorizados, motocicleta e automóvel, ficaram com colocações baixas para todos os níveis de renda. Como análise desses resultados conclui-se que: (i) os indivíduos não escolhem de maneira efetiva seu modo de transporte, e isso não se dá apenas pelo conforto ou comodidade, mas muitas vezes por se verem reféns de um determinado modo devido à falta de infraestrutura para a viabilização de outros ou a uma restrição financeira; (ii) o poder público não investe nas infraestruturas de transporte dos modos mais efetivos, priorizando sempre a destinação de recursos para o modo que a população mais abastada utiliza indiscriminadamente, o automóvel. Para reverter essa situação são sugeridas políticas públicas de inclusão social, por meio do investimento em infraestrutura de transporte público de média e alta capacidade (ex: metro, BRT ou VLT) e de transporte não motorizado como infraestrutura cicloviária e de pedestres de forma a aumentar o número de pessoas capazes de optar pelo uso desses modos encontrados como os mais efetivos por esse estudo.
This thesis is based on the assumption that people do not choose effectively their transport modes because they do not consider the extra time spent to be able to pay for a certain mode in the total displacement time. Theme’s choice is justified by the need for strengthening at national and local level, decision-making support tools for users and for public policy planners. The main objective is to estimate the effective rate for different transport modes using as empirical object the current context of displacement patterns in the Metropolitan Region of Recife to and from the district of Bairro do Recife. It also proposes to assess effective speed considering different social classes. Indication of the most effective modes for each income level and suggestions for policy makers and citizens about the most effective transportation modes are presented in the conclusions. From the results found in the survey, it is expected to offer decision-makers an analysis tool capable of supporting policies aimed at better enforcement of public resources in a way that is fairer to society. Theoretical framework covers topics such as the usage of behavioral theories in transport, the theoretical concept of effective speed, accessibility and social inclusion. The analysis model chosen to test the hypothesis was the modes of transport effective speed. The hypothesis was confirmed as the mode of transport’s choice in the sample did not coincide with the mode suggested by methodology. According to the effective speed method all classes should use the metro to commute to the district of Bairro do Recife. The bicycle had an honorable performance, ranking second to income levels 2, 3 and 4 and the third for levels 1 and 5. In addition, many respondents demonstrated desire to use the bicycle, suppressed mainly by the lack adequate infrastructure and public and road safety. Walking stood out to income level 1, occupying second place, and for levels 2,3,4, it still occupied the third place, emphasizing a need to improve the sidewalks in RMR. For income levels 5 and 6, public transport by bus ranked second. Motorized private vehicles, motorcycle and car, ranked low for all income levels. By analyzing these results it is possible to conclude that: (i) individuals do not choose effectively their transport mode, and this is not due to just comfort or convenience, but also because they often find themselves hostages to certain mode due to lack of infrastructure for enabling others or due to some financial constraint; (ii) the government does not invest in transport infrastructure for the most effective modes, as it always prioritizes the allocation of resources to the modes that the most affluent population indiscriminately uses, the automobile. To reverse this situation social inclusion public policies are suggested, by investing in high and medium capacity public transport infrastructure (e.g. metro, BRT or LRT) and non-motorized transport such as cycling and pedestrian infrastructure in order to increase the number of people able to choose to use these modes found as the most effective in this study

Travelling at illegal and/or inappropriate speed continues to be the single biggest factor in road traffic crashes and fatalities in Nigeria. Existing evidence suggests that drivers, particularly those who work in companies with a strong safety culture exhibit different sets of speeding attitudes and behaviours in work and private driving. This research is based on the premise stated above, and the lack of speed-related research in Nigeria. Using Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB: Ajzen, 1991), this thesis investigates the socio-cognitive determinants of speeding behaviour of drivers' in their work and personal vehicles. It also sought to test and evaluate the efficacy of two speed limit compliance interventions on driver behaviour and safety. Using a multi-method approach, four independent but related studies were carried out. Study 1, a qualitative study hinged on the TPB, elicited the salient beliefs drivers' held towards speeding. Study 2, a quantitative study inspired by the TPB was used to investigate differences in drivers' attitudes, and self-reported behaviour in their work and private vehicles. It also measured the effects of the interventions on the TPB constructs. Study 3, an experimental study, tested the efficacy of a smartphone-based advisory Intelligent Speed Assistance (ISA) application, and TPB-based Speed Awareness Course (SAC) on drivers' speed choice. Study 4, a prospective survey, examines the acceptability of ISA using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT: Venkatesh et al., 2003). The results provided greater understanding into a range of salient beliefs influencing the speeding behaviour of Nigerian drivers which are peculiar to the socio-cultural context. The findings show the TPB model explained up to 24% of the variance in Intention to comply with speed limits. As predicted, participants reported a higher Intention to comply with speed limits in their work than private vehicle. Drivers' attitude emerged as the most significant predictor and strongest correlate with Intentions to comply with the speed limit in both work and private vehicle. The TPB was also applied to evaluate changes in drivers' speeding cognition following experience with the ISA and the speed awareness course. There was no evidence of any substantial changes to any of the TPB constructs following short-term experience with the ISA, and speed awareness course. Also, investigation of the relationship between TPB variables and observed speeding behaviour suggests that higher levels of drivers' Intentions toward speed limit compliance and Strong Perceived Behavioural Control are correlated with lower levels of objectively measured speeding behaviour. Further, the dichotomous groups of low Intenders and high Intenders had significant differences in their observed speed, with the former more likely to engage in speed limit violations. Findings from the ISA and SAC intervention with regards to speed choice and safety revealed significant reductions in speed violation, reduced mean speeds, and speed variability. The findings have important theoretical and applied implications for the development of better speed limit compliance interventions to improve driving behaviour, and general road safety.

One of the most important objectives for transportation engineers is to understand pavement surface properties and their positive and negative effects on the user. This can improve the design of the infrastructure, adequacy of tools, and consistency of methodologies that are essential for transportation practitioners regarding macrotexture characterization. Important pavement surface characteristics, or tire-pavement interactions, such as friction, tire-pavement noise, splash and spray, and rolling resistance, are significantly influenced by pavement macrotexture. This dissertation compares static and dynamic macrotexture measurements and proposes and enhanced method to quantify the macrotexture. Dynamic measurements performed with vehicle-mounted lasers have the advantage of measuring macrotexture at traffic speed. One drawback of these laser devices is the presence of 'spikes' in the collected data, which impact the texture measurements. The dissertation proposes two robust and innovative methods to overcome this limitation. The first method is a data-driven adaptive method that detects and removes the spikes from high-speed laser texture measurements. The method first calculates the discrete wavelet transform of the texture measurements. It then detects (at all levels) and removes the spikes from the obtained wavelet coefficients (or differences). Finally, it calculates the inverse discrete wavelet transform with the processed wavelet coefficients (without outliers) to obtain the Mean Profile Depth (MPD) from the measurements with the spikes removed. The method was validated by comparing the results with MPD measurements obtained with a Circular Texture Meter (CTMeter) that was chosen as the control device. Although this first method was able to successfully remove the spikes, it has the drawback that it depends on manual modeling of the distribution of the wavelet coefficients to correctly define an appropriate threshold. The next step of this dissertation proposes an enhanced to the spike removal methodology for macrotexture measurements taken with high-speed laser devices. This denoising methodology uses an algorithm that defines the distribution of texture measurements by using the family of Generalized Gaussian Distributions (GGD), along with the False Discovery Rate (FDR) method that controls the proportion of wrongly identified spikes among all identified spikes. The FDR control allows for an adaptive threshold selection that differentiates between valid measurements and spikes. The validation of the method showed that the MPD results obtained with denoised dynamic measurements are comparable to MPD results from the control devices. This second method is included as a crucial step in the last stage of this dissertation as explained following. The last part of the dissertation presents an enhanced macrotexture characterization index based on the Effective Area for Water Evacuation (EAWE), which: (1) Estimates the potential of the pavement to drain water and (2) Correlates better with two pavement surface properties affected by macrotexture (friction and noise) that the current MPD method. The proposed index is defined by a three-step process that: (1) removes the spikes, assuring the reliability of the texture profile data, (2) finds the enveloping profile that is necessary to delimit the area between the tire and the pavement when contact occurs, and (3) computes the EAWE. Comparisons of current (MPD) and proposed (EAWE) macrotexture characterization indices showed that the MPD overestimates the ability of the pavement for draining the surface water under a tire.
Ph. D.

This diploma thesis is aimed on cutting tools made of cemented carbides. It characterizes marking, production and properties of non-coating and coating cemented carbides and describes the latest trends in coating. Target of this diploma thesis is comparison of assortment of two important world’s producers and one Czech producer in term of used productive technologies, products microstructure, coatings types, coatings methods and possibilities of their usage. Cutting data were evaluated and compared from obtained technical knowledge, which were recommended by chosen producers for effective turning application of their cutting tools. Recommended cutting speeds were found out for specific type of cutting material according to ISO, width depth of cut and for specific values of feeds per revolution.

Muitas operações cognitivas requerem velocidade de processamento de informação (VPI) suficiente para serem executadas dentro do prazo permitido, sendo que VPI retardada geralmente está subjacente a déficits atencionais. A desaceleração no tempo de resposta é particularmente evidente em pacientes com traumatismo crânio-encefálico, doença de Parkinson, depressão, demência e esclerose múltipla (EM). A importância de compreender os déficits de VPI e o desenvolvimento de programas efetivos de reabilitação é, portanto, crítico. Devido à sua alta validade preditiva e à sua fácil administração, o Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) é um dos testes clínicos mais amplamente utilizados para a avaliação cognitiva de pacientes com menor VPI. No entanto, além de avaliar a presença e gravidade de seus déficits, é interessante determinar as regiões cerebrais responsáveis por essa função e sua integração. Devido à sua não invasividade e ao seu bom nível de confiabilidade, a técnica de Imagem de Ressonância Magnética Funcional Dependente do Nível de Oxigenação no Sangue (BOLD-fMRI) é a ferramenta mais apropriada para esse fim. Logo, o objetivo do presente estudo foi o mapeamento funcional cerebral de VPI durante o desempenho de uma tarefa (SDMT) adaptada para o ambiente da ressonância em um grupo de voluntários saudáveis jovens. 16 controles saudáveis destros foram recrutados e submetidos à avaliação cognitiva com a versão oral do SDMT antes da aquisição de imagens. IRM foi adquirida em um sistema de 3T (Philips Achieva). Imagens funcionais (BOLD) foram adquiridas com uma sequência EPI. O experimento consistiu de seis blocos de 30 s de controle intercalados com cinco blocos de 30 segundos de tarefa (SDMT). Durante os blocos de tarefa, um símbolo foi apresentado a cada 2 segundos e ao participante foi requerido que associasse o número correspondente ao símbolo apresentado baseando-se em uma chave de resposta. Durante os blocos de controle, um número foi apresentado a cada 2 segundos e ao participante foi requerido que lesse silenciosamente o número em questão. Mapas paramétricos estatísticos foram obtidos para estudo de localização funcional utilizando o Modelo Linear Geral com um regressor boxcar convoluído com uma função de resposta hemodinâmica canônica (p-FDR < 0,01). Foi realizada a correlação bivariada entre as séries temporais médias das regiões associadas à tarefa para estudo de integração funcional (p-FDR < 0.0001). As informações de localização e integração funcionais foram inseridas em analise de conectividade efetiva. Ativações foram observadas na rede frontoparietal e no córtex occipital para análises individual e em grupo. Análise de conectividade efetiva para a arquitetura do sistema revelou o declive em posição serial com o giro lingual, o cúneo e duas regiões paralelas (pré-cúneo e lóbulo parietal superior), a partir do qual a informação converge para o giro frontal inferior e se bifurca para os giros frontais médios esquerdo e direito. Um modelo de rede envolvendo áreas relacionadas à VPI foi obtido e pode servir como referência para investigações futuras deste processo cognitivo em grupos clínicos, combinadas com estudos de neuroplasticidade cerebral.
Many cognitive operations require sufficient information processing speed (IPS) to be executed within the allowed time frame, with delayed IPS often underlining attentional deficits. The deceleration in response time is particularly evident in patients with traumatic brain injury, Parkinson\'s disease, depression, dementia and multiple sclerosis (MS). The importance of understanding IPS deficits and developing effective rehabilitation programs is therefore critical. Because of its high predictive validity and easy administration, the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) is one of the most widely used clinical tests for the cognitive assessment of patients with lower IPS. However, in addition to evaluating the presence and severity of its deficits, it is interesting to determine the brain regions responsible for this function and its integration. Because of its non-invasiveness and its good level of reliability, the BOLD-fMRI technique is the most appropriate tool for this purpose. Therefore, the aim of the present study was the functional brain function mapping of IPS during the performance of a task (SDMT) adapted to the resonance environment in a group of healthy young volunteers. 16 healthy right controls were recruited and submitted to cognitive assessment with the oral version of SDMT prior to image acquisition. MRI was acquired in a 3T system (Philips Achieva). Functional images (BOLD) were acquired with an EPI sequence. The experiment consisted of six blocks of 30 s of control intercalated with five blocks of 30 seconds of task (SDMT). During the task blocks, a symbol was displayed every 2 seconds and the participant was required to associate the number corresponding to the displayed symbol based on a response key. During the control blocks, a number was displayed every 2 seconds and the participant was required to silently read the number in question. Statistical parametric maps were obtained for functional localization study using the General Linear Model with a boxcar regressor convolved with a canonical hemodynamic response function (p-FDR <0.01). The bivariate correlation between the mean time series of the regions associated with the task for functional integration study (p-FDR <0.0001) was performed. The functional location and integration information was inserted into effective connectivity analysis. Activations were observed in the frontoparietal network and in the occipital cortex for individual and group analyzes. Effective connectivity analysis for the system architecture revealed the declive in serial position with the lingual gyrus, the cuneus and two parallel regions (precuneus and superior parietal lobule), from which the information converges to the inferior frontal gyrus and bifurcates to the left and right middle turns. A network model involving areas related to IPS has been obtained and may serve as a reference for future investigations of this cognitive process in clinical groups, combined with studies of cerebral neuroplasticity.

Le comportement d'un glacier tempere sur son lit rocheux reste pour une large part meconnu etant donne les difficultes rencontrees sur le terrain pour acceder a l'interface glace-roche, la ou se place le contact entre le glacier et son lit rocheux. L'exploitation et le captage des eaux glaciaires par les societes hydroelectriques, en developpant des sites sous-glaciaires, a facilite cet acces et l'observation de la dynamique des glaciers. A la charniere des domaines fondamental et applique, cette etude tente de repondre a plusieurs problemes majeurs en glaciologie: dynamique glaciaire et interface glace-roche, hydrologie et hydrographie sous-glaciaires, vitesses de glissement d'un glacier sur son lit rocheux. Elle concerne les glaciers temperes et plus particulierement le glacier d'argentiere, dont elle analyse vingt ans de donnees scientifiques accumulees pour les besoins des captages sous-glaciaires de la societe hydroelectrique d'emosson

Telemetry system, Optimisation, Sensoric networks, Smart Grid, Internet of Things, Sensors, Information security, Cryptography, Cryptography algorithms, Cryptosystem, Confidentiality, Integrity, Authentication, Data freshness, Non-Repudiation.

The growing demand for high performance systems in modern computing technology drives the development of advanced and high speed designs in I/O structures. Due to their data rate and architecture, however, testing of the high speed serial interfaces becomes more expensive when using conventional test methods. In order to alleviate the test cost issue, a loopback test scheme has been widely adopted. To assess the margin of the signal eye in the loopback configuration, the eye margin is purposely reduced by additional devices on the loopback path or using design for testability (DFT) features such as timing and voltage margining. Although the loopback test scheme successfully reduces the test cost by decoupling the dependency of external test equipment, it has robustness issues such as a fault masking issue and a non-ideality problem of margining circuits. The focus of this dissertation is to propose new methods to resolve the known issues in the loopback test mode. The fault masking issue in a loopback pair of analog to digital and digital to analog converters (ADC and DAC) which can be found in pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) signaling schemes is resolved using a proposed algorithm which separates the characteristics of the ADC and the DAC from a combined loopback response. The non-ideality problem of margining circuit is resolved using a proposed method which utilizes a random jitter injection technique. Using the injected random jitter, the jitter distribution is sampled by undersampling and margining, which provides the nonlinearity information using the proposed algorithm. Since the proposed method requires a random jitter source on the load board, an alternative solution is proposed which uses an intrinsic jitter profile and a sliding window search algorithm to characterize the nonlinearities. The sliding search algorithm was implemented in a low cost high volume manufacturing (HVM) tester to assess feasibility and validity of the proposed technique. The proposed methods are compatible with the existing loopback test scheme and require a minimal area and design overhead, hence they provide cost effective ways to enhance the robustness of the loopback test scheme.
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碩士
國立清華大學
電機工程研究所
83
In recent development of communication networks, the transmission of variable bit rate (VBR) video has become an important issue for integrated services digital networks (ISDN). To ensure a consistent and desirable quality of service for variable bit rate traffic connection, the network must correctly allocate and regulate the bandwidth associated with the service. In this thesis, we use the recently developed theory of effective bandwidths for bandwidth allocation in high speed digital networks, and experiment the theory we propose with simulated data and actual VBR traces. To approximate the effective bandwidth, four traffic descriptors that are derived from the expansion of the theoretical effective bandwidth function. In our experiments, the estimation method that performs well for the case of Markov sources, does not converge for some VBR video traces. Also, these VBR traces seem to be self-similar with long range dependence. Based on the fractional Brownian motion model, we extend the theory of effective bandwidth and modify the associated traffic descriptors for such VBR traces.

碩士
國立中興大學
電機工程學系所
103
This thesis presents a high effective resolution bandwidth (ERBW) high speed asynchronous successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with differential input signals. This ADC is designed as the sub-ADC that constructs a time-interleaved ADC. Therefore, the range of ERBW is much considered. In addition, parallel signal paths are used in the control logic circuit to decrease the delay time of producing triggering signals, which enlarges the room for speeding up the sampling rate of the ADC compared with the conventional design. Chip sarf2_32 that was fabricated under TSMC 90nm RF process was measured 6.7 bits at low frequency while it was measured 3.8 bits at high frequency. As the input frequency goes higher, the ADC''s performance gets worse. This problem can be solved with the use of cross-couple MOS in the sample and hold circuit. The measured power consumption is 4.5mW, and the FOM is 321fJ/conversion-step. Fabricated under TSMC 90nm GUTM process, chip sarf2_33 was measured 5.6 bits at low frequency and it was measured around 4.8 bits at high frequency. The results of measurement are similar to that of FF corner simulation. The measured power consumption is 5.61mW, and the FOM is 692fJ/conversion-step. Source followers are used at the input as input buffers for sarf2_34. Above 7 bits of ENOB were simulated under SS, TT, and FF corner from low frequency to high frequency. The simulated power consumption is 5.8mW, and the FOM is 206fJ/conversion-step. This chip has been taped out under TSMC 90nm GUTM process.

碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
電機工程系
100
Magnetostrictive effect which the magnetostrictive metal will be induced under different magnetic field change and will produce the corresponding strain deformation to propagating an elastic wave, which can be identified the occurrence of magnetic field change at location information. Because the advantages of accuracy and reliability making this sensing devices more and more common used in a variety of automation processes and mechanical control components; for example of the position sensing deviceson motion control or liquid level monitoring requires high accuracy and fast response speed. Usually, the sensing device is dramatically variation by material properties, mechanism design configuration and need be special carefully design; also the most challenge is on how to reduce the temperature coefficient under certain wide operation conditions, to get a consistent accuracy independent of ambient or process temperature change. This research studied diversity of materials and driving characteristics for magnetostrictive sensor and constructed a high-precision positioning platform to analyze all these concerns above, discuss the dependence on wave propagation strength, speed response, reflection and damping by mechanical configuration, signal enhancement and filtering scheme and other features.

碩士
中華大學
電機工程學系(所)
96
In this paper, we propose a cost-effective and high-speed FFT processor for Orthogonal Frequency Division Modulation (OFDM) technology. Split-Radix 2/8 FFT algorithm which can effectively minimize the number of complex multiplications uses twiddle factor & computation, it easy to be implemented in VLSI. Using a twiddle factor generator instead of the conventional ROM, CORDIC in place of complex multiplier, the proposed FFT processor reduces the required area. The proposed FFT processor is used design for Ultra Wide Band (UWB) applications. Although it is designed for 128 points, it is easy to add the other points of FFT by using IP core controller. Finally, we use cell-based design flow to implement this modify 128 points of split-radix 2/8 FFT algorithm architecture.

碩士
國立交通大學
工學院碩士在職專班營建技術與管理組
95
The Non-ballast track system has been developed for decades; the track system has acquired strong overall structural stability in members, Smooth and comfort in operation, lower maintenance cost, and lower pollution produced during transportation. The Non-ballast track system therefore has been adopted for many MRT and railway construction projects. However, there are few documents in the study of the beneficial effective for the system. This study is focusing on the analysis of the quality, the cost and the construction scheduling of the Non-ballast track system, the study begins with developing the items to be assessed for the system after researched the existing documents; followed by interviewing numbers of track construction experts in Taiwan, according to the opinions of the experts, using AHP Method (Analytic Hierarchy Process Method) to establish the assessment procedures and to produce the results of beneficial effective for different Non-ballast track methods, it is hoped that the study can be served as a practical reference in selecting appropriate Non-ballast track methods for the system in construction. The study is based on analysis of the three Non-ballast track methods adopted by Taiwan High Speed Rail Project; namely J-SLAB, RHEDA and LVT. All three methods are evaluated by 14 assessment items in three major aspects; construction quality, construction cost and construction scheduling. The study had Interviewed track experts from different contracts that performed the construction works for the Taiwan High Speed Railway project, based on the data from the massive expert interviews, Using Analytic Hierarchy Process Method to assess J-SLAB, RHEDA and LVT methods in quality, cost and scheduling and produce comparing indexes. The study reveals the construction quality is the most major concern for the construction, followed by construction scheduling, and cost is comparably less concerned. It was suggested Pre-cast members in Non-ballast track is recommended to maintain the stability of the quality and also improved the control of construction schedules.

碩士
國立暨南國際大學
管理學院經營管理碩士學位學程碩士在職專班
106
Crew Resource Management (CRM) is a human factors training process that has been employed in the commercial aviation industry for over 35 years. During that time period, CRM has been credited with contributing to a marked decrease in human factors-caused accidents. 　　As the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board(NTSB) has investigated in 1999, in the case of the accident investigation of Norfolk Southern (NS) and Conrail in Butler City in 1998, it is found that the crew resource management will be a potential development strategy for similar railway accidents in the future. In the following 2004 onwards, the crew resources management training has been widely used in the United States to promote the railway industry and explore, which also caused the United Kingdom, Australia and other countries to promote and respond successively. Through in-depth interviews with the high speed train drivers of the Taiwan High Speed Rail Corporation and collect the case studies of human errors during 2014-2018, we summarize the key factors that affect the correct driving decision making from the perspective of each train operation phase. The results show that the transmission of train drivers’ experiences and the simplicity and clarity of the operation regulations and not let train drivers be hesitated in case of the emergency situation they meet on duty are the key factors for the train drivers to reduce the driver's human errors effectively. Since that, We hope that the Taiwan High Speed Rail Corporation will take the lead in establishing a precedent for the application of crew resource management training to the domestic railway industry, and even arrange the CRM training into both the initial training for the new train driver trainees and the recurrent training for the qualified train drivers of the THSRC in the near future, and it would make all train drivers would reduce their human errors effectively due to they have correct concept of the CRM when they are on duty.