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Journal articles on the topic 'Effects of Cold Air on Structure'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Thanh, Huong Chu Thi, Dinh Tran Ngoc Huy, Tran Dinh Linh, and Nguyen Binh Phong. "Damage of Typhoon in Vietnam - Typhoon Actives on the East Sea under Influence of Cold Air." Indiana Journal of Agriculture and Life Sciences 2, no. 6 (2022): 26–29. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7408605.

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<strong>Abstract:</strong> We will analyze Effects of Cold Air on Structure of Thermal Fields in Typhoons over the Vietnam East Sea. Also our study goal aims to analyze <strong>Damage of Typhoon in Vietnam - Typhoon Actives on the East Sea under Influence of Cold Air. </strong>The study showed that:<strong> </strong>the temperature heterogeneity in the directions around the center of the storm, and the degree of heterogeneity also depends on each storm.

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2

Bopape, Mary-Jane M., Robert S. Plant, and Omduth Coceal. "Resolution Dependence of Turbulent Structures in Convective Boundary Layer Simulations." Atmosphere 11, no. 9 (2020): 986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11090986.

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Large-eddy simulations are performed using the U.K. Met Office Large Eddy Model to study the effects of resolution on turbulent structures in a convective boundary layer. A standard Smagorinsky subgrid scheme is used. As the grid length is increased, the diagnosed height of the boundary layer increases, and the horizontally- and temporally-averaged temperature near the surface and in the inversion layer increase. At the highest resolution, quadrant analysis shows that the majority of events in the lower boundary layer are associated with cold descending air, followed by warm ascending air. The

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3

Liu, Chun, Yuefeng Li, and Wei Song. "Variation in Dipole Blocking Associated with Arctic Warming in Winter: Potential Contributions to Cold and Extremely Cold Events over Eurasia." Atmosphere 10, no. 5 (2019): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10050249.

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In this study, the barotropic mode of thermal forcing responsible for the difference in temperature between the Arctic and midlatitude regions was simplified by the nonlinear Schrӧdinger equation with disturbance terms using multiscale perturbation methods. The impact of Arctic warming on dipole blocking, which results in temperature anomalies over the midlatitudes of Eurasia, was studied using the direct perturbation theory for solitons. The results showed: (1) if only nonlinear effects exist between waves and zonal flows, a dipole blocking structure can present in the westerly air flows; (2)

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4

Huong, Chu Thi Thu, Tran Dinh Linh, Dinh Tran Ngoc Huy, and Nguyen Binh Phong. "Changes of the temperature field during storms and Effects of Cold Air on Structure of Thermal Fields in Typhoons – Case in China and Vietnam Sea." International Journal of Rural Development, Environment and Health Research 6, no. 6 (2022): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijreh.6.6.5.

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This study goal is to explore Changes of the temperature field during storms and Effects of Cold Air on Structure of Thermal Fields in Typhoons. Typhoons are a kind of tropical cyclone that often occur on tropical or subtropical sea surfaces where the sea surface temperature is higher than 26.5 ◦C (HU et al, 2000). The results show that When affected by cold air, the hot core structure in the storm is broken. Temperature tends to increase gradually from west to east and from north to south. Temperatures in the northern and western regions were still lower than in the center of the storm, but i

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5

Zhu, Ye, Xiaoting Chen, Kun Qiao, et al. "Combined Effects of Cold and Hot Air Drying on Physicochemical Properties of Semi-Dried Takifugu obscurus Fillets." Foods 12, no. 8 (2023): 1649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12081649.

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The physicochemical properties of semi-dried Takifugu obscurus fillets in cold air drying (CAD), hot air drying (HAD), and cold and hot air combined drying (CHACD) were analyzed based on pH, water state, lipid oxidation, protein degradation, and microstructure, using a texture analyzer, low-field nuclear magnetic resonance, thiobarbituric acid, frozen sections, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and differential scanning calorimetry. Water binding to the samples was enhanced by all three drying methods, and the immobilized water content of CHACD was between that of HAD

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Ruangvittayanon, Anuchit, and Sutin Kuharuangrong. "Effects of Sr and Ni-Dopants on the Structure and Conductivity of Lanthanum Chromite." Advanced Materials Research 93-94 (January 2010): 558–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.93-94.558.

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Compositions of lanthanum chromite substituted with Sr on the La site and Ni on the Cr site were synthesized by Citrate gel. The suitable calcination temperature of these compositions was 1100°C for 4 hrs to obtain a perovskite phase. The sample bars were formed by cold isostatic press and sintered at 1400°C for 5 hrs in air. The phase, microstructure, electrical conductivity were determined by XRD, dc four-probe as a function of temperature and their chemical compositions were identified by ICP analysis. The result of La0.9Sr0.1Cr0.5Ni0.5O3-δ shows the maximum conductivity of 72.76 Scm-1at 80

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7

Shang, Huai-shuai, Wei-qun Cao, and Bin Wang. "Effect of Fast Freeze-Thaw Cycles on Mechanical Properties of Ordinary-Air-Entrained Concrete." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/923032.

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Freezing-thawing resistance is a very significant characteristic for concrete in severe environment (such as cold region with the lowest temperature below 0°C). In this study, ordinary-air-entrained (O-A-E) concrete was produced in a laboratory environment; the compressive strength, cubic compressive strength of C50, C40, C30, C25, and C20 ordinary-air-entrained concrete, tensile strength, and cleavage strength of C30 ordinary-air-entrained concrete were measured after fast freeze-thaw cycles. The effects of fast freeze-thaw cycles on the mechanical properties (compressive strength and cleavag

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8

Adamkiewicz, Andrzej, Janusz Fydrych, and Jan Drzewieniecki. "Studies on the Effects of Cold Starts of the Ship Main Engine." Polish Maritime Research 29, no. 3 (2022): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pomr-2022-0031.

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Abstract This article presents the influence of various ship’s operational conditions occurring during manoeuvres related to entering and leaving the ports and mooring operations. Frequent starts and stops of the ship’s propulsion unit are then required, which affect the variability of the energetic loads of the ship’s power plant, causing accelerated, non-design wear of the ship’s main propulsion engine. The effects of cold start-ups of the main ship engine are the subject of this study. Conditions of the engine inlet valve damage process are discussed. The physics of the degradation process

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9

D'Asaro, E. A., P. G. Black, L. R. Centurioni, et al. "Impact of Typhoons on the Ocean in the Pacific." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 95, no. 9 (2014): 1405–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-12-00104.1.

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Tropical cyclones (TCs) change the ocean by mixing deeper water into the surface layers, by the direct air–sea exchange of moisture and heat from the sea surface, and by inducing currents, surface waves, and waves internal to the ocean. In turn, the changed ocean influences the intensity of the TC, primarily through the action of surface waves and of cooler surface temperatures that modify the air–sea fluxes. The Impact of Typhoons on the Ocean in the Pacific (ITOP) program made detailed measurements of three different TCs (i.e., typhoons) and their interaction with the ocean in the western Pa

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10

Zou, Lin Tao, Song Zhang, and Qing Zhang. "Computer Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Cryogenic Oil Mist and Structural Optimization of Spraying Nozzle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 241-244 (December 2012): 1310–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.241-244.1310.

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An investigation of the cryogenic oil mist flow field of nozzle was carried out in this study. A domain of the nozzle jet area was modeled with Pro/ENGINEER. CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) analysis was used to state the velocity field of different distances from the outlet of nozzle. The simulating velocity field was verified with the experimental results. Experimental results on velocity were measured by SYT-2000 digital multipurpose wind speed gage. The orthogonal experiment was designed to investigate the main effects parameters on velocity and temperature. It indicates that higher flow

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11

Adiullin, B. R., and C. I. Mikhaylenko. "The influence of the vortex tube channel length on the separation of air by its temperature." Multiphase Systems 14, no. 1 (2019): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21662/mfs2019.1.005.

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Based on the prepared counterflow vortex tube model with four inlets, the effect of the length of the vortex tube channel on the generation of cold and hot air is investigated. In the simulation were used standard equations of gas dynamics, which include the equations of continuity, conservation of momentum, total energy, and the state of an ideal gas. To consider turbulent effects was chosen a -\varepsilon$ turbulence model. Computational experiments were carried out in the OpenFOAM software using the sonicFoam solver. The prepared grid allowed modeling vortex tubes with the main channel leng

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12

Billings, Brian J., Vanda Grubišić, and Randolph D. Borys. "Maintenance of a Mountain Valley Cold Pool: A Numerical Study." Monthly Weather Review 134, no. 8 (2006): 2266–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr3180.1.

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Abstract A persistent cold-air pool in the Yampa Valley of northwestern Colorado was simulated with the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model (MM5). The observed cold-air pool, which was identified by temperature measurements along a line of surface stations ascending the eastern side of the valley, remained in place throughout the day of 10 January 2004. The baseline simulation with horizontal resolution of 1 km, which is close to the resolution of operational regional mesoscale model forecasts, neither matched the strength of

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13

Hong, Liang, Han Zhiguo, Wang Jing, Duli Kunjiang, and Li Zhiyong. "Experimental study on the performance of flat air collector with reticulated endothermic body." E3S Web of Conferences 165 (2020): 01025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016501025.

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Because the flat air collector is simple in structure, reliable in operation, and resistant to cold and frost, it is more suitable for applications such as building heating. This paper presents a flat air collector with a mesh heat sink, and analyzes the effects of air flow, temperature difference between inlet and outlet, and wire mesh density on the heat collection efficiency of the collector. The results show that when the pore density is fixed, the heat collection efficiency increases with the increase of air flow rate, which is 10% higher than that of natural convection when the air flow

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14

Amini, Mastaneh, Leila Ibrahimi Ghavamabadi, Hossinali Rangkooy, and Behzad Fouladi Dehaghi. "Climate change and its effects on farm workers." Environmental Health Engineering and Management 8, no. 3 (2021): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ehem.2021.21.

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Background: One of the biggest global occupational threats, especially in the outdoor workplace, is climate change and global warming, as workers are exposed to the heat stress leading to reduced performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of workplace climate on labor productivity index in the agricultural sector. Methods: In this study, data related to environmental variables of 215 synoptic meteorological stations in Khuzestan province were collected from three climatic regions (hot, mild, and cold). Using MATLAB R 2018b mathematical software based on ASHRAE/ISO7730 sta

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15

Petrosyan, Artashes Levoni. "The Influence of the Properties of Thermal - Insulation Materials on the Thermomoist Indicators of a Building." Key Engineering Materials 906 (January 11, 2022): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.906.125.

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One of the basic measures of energy efficiency in residential buildings is the reduction of heat and coolant pressure, when external structures - walls, ceilings - contain thermal insulation material, as a result of which heat and cold losses are reduced, as a result of air-and moisture permeability. Their number is largely determined by the climatic zone of the building, construction, sources of heat and cold, fuel and electricity prices in this region. In such practice, first of all, attention is paid to the problems of the optimal thickness of the thermal insulator, the installation locatio

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16

Jeck, Richard K. "Spatial and Microphysical Characteristics of Low-Ceiling, Temperature-Inverted Clouds in Warm Overrunning and Freezing-Rain Conditions: A Case Study." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 50, no. 10 (2011): 2062–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011jamc2448.1.

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AbstractIn-flight microphysical measurements in classical freezing-rain conditions were used to study the vertical and horizontal characteristics of the precipitation and associated low-ceiling, stratiform clouds, which are usually present as overcast in freezing-rain conditions. The low overcast is usually based in the surface cold layer but may extend up into the inversion, or transition layer, between the overrunning warm air and the surface cold layer. This gives the cloud an unusual temperature-inverted structure—supercooled in the lower half and warmer than freezing in the upper half. Th

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17

Ma, Zhanhong, Jianfang Fei, Lei Liu, Xiaogang Huang, and Xiaoping Cheng. "Effects of the Cold Core Eddy on Tropical Cyclone Intensity and Structure under Idealized Air–Sea Interaction Conditions." Monthly Weather Review 141, no. 4 (2013): 1285–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-12-00123.1.

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Abstract The impacts of ocean feedback on tropical cyclones (TCs) are investigated using a coupled atmosphere–ocean model under idealized TC and cold core eddy (CCE) conditions. Results reveal negative impacts of the ocean coupling on TC development. The cold wake induced by a TC not only weakens the TC intensity but also limits the expansion of the storm circulation. The presence of CCE has boosted the TC-induced sea surface temperature cooling, which conversely inhibits the TC development. The TC appears to be weakened as it encounters the CCE edge. The intensity reduction attains a maximum

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18

Zheng, Zhi, Wansheng Nie, Siyin Zhou, et al. "Characterization of the effects of a plasma injector driven by AC dielectric barrier discharge on ethylene-air diffusion flame structure." Open Physics 18, no. 1 (2020): 58–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phys-2020-0008.

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AbstractA dielectric barrier discharge plasma controlled diffusion flame experimental system was built based on the designed coaxial swirling plasma injector. The air plasma was generated within the annulus gap of the injector by alternating current dielectric barrier discharge. The discharge characteristics and power of plasma injector under different actuation intensities and air flowrates were measured. Through the measurement techniques, such as schlieren imaging, broadband chemiluminescence image and CH* chemiluminescence, the effect and mechanism of plasma on ethylene-air normal diffusiv

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19

Stoutjesdijk, Flip. "Birds in the cold: The effects of plumage structure and environment on operative temperature, shown by spherical models." Ornis Svecica 13, no. 4 (2003): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.34080/os.v13.22804.

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question I photographed free-living birds in such a way that the total volume of the bird could be estimated. It was then assumed that the bird could be represented by a sphere of the measured volume with a core (kept at 40 °C) of which the volume in cm3 was equal to the bird’s mass in g. The overall thermal conductance of the spherical model was calculated and compared with what could be expected for real birds based on metabolic data from the literature. The conductance calculated for the models was consistently lower than predictions from the literature. The discrepancy was as could be expe

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20

Bogusławska-Wąs, Elżbieta, Alicja Dłubała, Wojciech Sawicki, Małgorzata Ożgo, and Adam Lepczyński. "The Effect of Cold Plasma on Selected Parameters of Bovine Colostrum." Applied Sciences 13, no. 9 (2023): 5490. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13095490.

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The main problem in processing bovine colostrum is preserving as many beneficial compounds as possible, most of which have low thermal stability. The present study evaluates the possibility of using cold plasma (CP) as a decontamination technology and its effect on selected biologically active fractions of freeze-dried bovine colostrum. The plasma process was carried out in air, nitrogen, and oxygen environments. The results revealed that the sterilization process using CP caused slight changes in the colour of the samples expressed by the attributes ΔC, ΔL, Δh and ΔE. The decontamination effe

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21

Yang, Ye, Zongguang Sun, Yanhai Yang, Liang Yue, and Guanliang Chen. "Effects of Freeze–Thaw Cycles on Performance and Microstructure of Cold Recycled Mixtures with Asphalt Emulsion." Coatings 12, no. 6 (2022): 802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12060802.

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Although it is widely recognized that freeze–thaw cycles have a great influence on the properties of asphalt pavement, a quantitative understanding of how freeze–thaw cycles affect cold recycled mixtures with asphalt emulsion (CRME) is so far still lacking. The main objective of the paper was to investigate the performance and microstructure of CRME under freeze–thaw cycles with different water saturation conditions. For this, air voids, high-temperature stability, low-temperature cracking resistance, and moisture susceptibility of CRME were analyzed based on laboratory tests. The micro-morpho

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22

Adler, Bianca, C. David Whiteman, Sebastian W. Hoch, Manuela Lehner, and Norbert Kalthoff. "Warm-Air Intrusions in Arizona’s Meteor Crater." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 51, no. 6 (2012): 1010–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-11-0158.1.

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AbstractEpisodic nighttime intrusions of warm air, accompanied by strong winds, enter the enclosed near-circular Meteor Crater basin on clear, synoptically undisturbed nights. Data analysis is used to document these events and to determine their spatial and temporal characteristics, their effects on the atmospheric structure inside the crater, and their relationship to larger-scale flows and atmospheric stability. A conceptual model that is based on hydraulic flow theory is offered to explain warm-air-intrusion events at the crater. The intermittent warm-air-intrusion events were closely relat

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23

Yang, Yifan. "Study on the Influence of Air-Entraining Agent on Concrete Pore Structure Based on Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Technology." Academic Journal of Science and Technology 15, no. 1 (2025): 69–73. https://doi.org/10.54097/evveb837.

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In this study, the effects of air-entraining agent dosage and freeze-thaw on the microporous characteristics of concrete were systematically investigated. By testing the working performance of fresh concrete, the change of elastic modulus after freezing and thawing, combined with nuclear magnetic resonance technology, the mechanism of air-entraining agent on pore structure parameters was revealed. The test found that the appropriate amount of air-entraining agent could improve the workability of the mixture and enhance the frost durability of concrete. With the increase of the amount of air-en

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24

Xu, Yongmei, Jingru Zhang, Yuhui Deng, Lan Du, and Rong Jiao. "Analyzing the Cooling Efficiency of the Thermal Environment in Data Centers." International Journal of Grid and High Performance Computing 6, no. 4 (2014): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijghpc.2014100102.

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Given the explosive growth of data, scalability and fault tolerance have become a fundamental challenge for data center network structures. Temperature in data centers significantly affects the failure ratio of high-speed network devices. Various types of air distribution schemes influence the temperature of network equipment differently, and the cooling cost in data centers dominates the overall energy cost. On the basis of the energy efficiency of cooling systems, this study analyzes and compares the thermal load distribution in the enclosure of standard and non-standard data centers by cons

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25

Zhao, Gang, Tian Qiu, and Peng Liu. "Sensitivity Analysis of Geometrical Parameters to the Flow of Pre-swirl System after Turbine Blade Fracture." Aerospace 9, no. 12 (2022): 783. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9120783.

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The pre-swirl stator-rotor system is a common and important structure in gas turbines, and its main function is to provide cold air to the turbine blades with a low relative total temperature. Under normal conditions, the boundaries of the system are symmetrical and there is sufficient margin for each blade. However, a fracture of turbine blades can upset this balance, resulting in potentially different cold-air conditions for each blade. Therefore, to ensure the safety of the other blades after a single-blade break, it is necessary to know the cold-air distribution law of the system after a b

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26

Alfaro, Diego A. "Low-Tropospheric Shear in the Structure of Squall Lines: Impacts on Latent Heating under Layer-Lifting Ascent." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 74, no. 1 (2017): 229–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-16-0168.1.

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Abstract This study analyzes the dependence of the intensity of simulated midlatitude squall lines (SLs) at maturity on the strength of the environmental low-tropospheric shear, focusing on the amplitude of the latent heating produced within the deep convective region. The hypothesis motivating this investigation is that shear fundamentally affects system strength by modulating the mean convective instability of the storm-relative inflowing air, which is justified by the layer-lifting nature of convection in SLs. The layer-lifting model of convection (LLMC) is proposed for measuring convective

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27

Zurn-Birkhimer, Suzanne M., Ernest M. Agee, and Zbigniew Sorbjan. "Convective Structures in a Cold Air Outbreak over Lake Michigan during Lake-ICE." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 62, no. 7 (2005): 2414–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas3494.1.

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Abstract The Lake-Induced Convection Experiment provided special field data during a westerly flow cold air outbreak (CAO) on 13 January 1998, which has afforded the opportunity to examine in detail an evolving convective boundary layer. Vertical cross sections prepared from these data, extending from upstream over Wisconsin out across Lake Michigan, show the modifying effects of land–water contrast on boundary layer mixing, entrainment, heating, and moisture flux. Through this analysis, an interesting case of lake-effect airmass modification was discovered. The data show atypical differing he

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Li, Ju, Zhaobin Sun, Donald H. Lenschow, et al. "A foehn-induced haze front in Beijing: observations and implications." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 24 (2020): 15793–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-15793-2020.

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Abstract. Despite frequent foehns in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region, there are only a few studies of their effects on air pollution in this region, or elsewhere. Here, we discuss a foehn-induced haze front (HF) event using observational data to document its structure and evolution. Using a dense network of comprehensive measurements in the BTH region, our analyses indicate that the foehn played an important role in the formation of the HF with significant impacts on air pollution. Northerly warm–dry foehn winds, with low particulate concentration in the northern area, collided with a c

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Liu, Quan Ming, Zhao Hui Zhang, Hai Ying Yang, and Shi Feng Liu. "Effects of Solid Solution Temperature on the Structure and Properties of TC16 Titanium Alloy Bars." Advanced Materials Research 881-883 (January 2014): 1588–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.881-883.1588.

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The effects of solid solution temperature on the structures and properties of TC16 titanium alloy bars that made solid solution treatment in 780°C, 800°C, 850°C, 900°C, respectively, the processing time for 30min, then cooled in the air were studied. The results show that during solid solution treatment under 800°C, the alloy structures are the primary ɑ phase and the metastable β phase, while solid solution temperature rise to 800°C, the alloy structures begin to appear ɑ" martensite phase. With the increase of solid solution temperature, the alloy grain grow up somewhat, material tensile str

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Enkhbat, Enkhjargal, Yong Geng, Xi Zhang, Huijuan Jiang, Jingyu Liu, and Dong Wu. "Driving Forces of Air Pollution in Ulaanbaatar City Between 2005 and 2015: An Index Decomposition Analysis." Sustainability 12, no. 8 (2020): 3185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12083185.

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Ulaanbaatar, the capital city of Mongolia, is facing serious air pollution challenges—especially during the cold and long winter months—mainly due to fossil fuel combustion. This study investigates the socioeconomic drivers of the sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and particulate matter (PM2.5) concentration changes in Ulaanbaatar between 2005 and 2015 by applying the index decomposition analysis (IDA) method. Five socio-economic driving forces are considered in the decomposition analysis. All the driving forces contributed to more air pollution concentration changes in 2015 than i

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Aksenov, Ivan, and Aleksandr Konstantinov. "Window air permeability calculation methodology with regard to temperature loading." E3S Web of Conferences 535 (2024): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202453501001.

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Air permeability is an important characteristic of windows, which significantly affects the energy consumption of a building and the quality of indoor climate in winter. Existing experimental studies confirm that the air permeability of windows can increase significantly when the outside temperature decreases. This phenomenon is associated with temperature deformations. Nevertheless, currently in the practice of window design the dependence of air permeability on temperature effects is not taken into account. There are methods of windows air permeability experimental determination that take in

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32

Finke, Kathrin, Abdel Hannachi, Toshihiko Hirooka, Yuya Matsuyama, and Waheed Iqbal. "The Stratospheric Polar Vortex and Surface Effects: The Case of the North American 2018/19 Cold Winter." Atmosphere 16, no. 4 (2025): 445. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16040445.

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A severe cold air outbreak hit the US and parts of Canada in January 2019, leaving behind many casualties where at least 21 people died as a consequence. According to Insurance Business America, the event cost the US about 1 billion dollars. In the Midwest, surface temperatures dipped to the lowest on record in decades, reaching −32 °C in Chicago, Illinois, and down to −48 °C wind chill temperature in Cotton and Dakota, Minnesota, giving rise to broad media attention. A zonal wavenumber 1–3 planetary wave forcing caused a sudden stratospheric warming, with a displacement followed by a split of

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Kim, Satbyul Estella, Yasuaki Hijioka, Tatsuya Nagashima, and Ho Kim. "Particulate Matter and Its Impact on Mortality among Elderly Residents of Seoul, South Korea." Atmosphere 11, no. 1 (2019): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11010018.

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Climate change, air pollution, and the rapidly aging population are important public health challenges. An understanding of air pollution impacts is imperative for preventing air-pollution-related deaths and illnesses, particularly in vulnerable subgroups such as the increasing population of older adults. To assess the effects of short-term air-pollution exposure on the elderly, we conducted a time-series analysis (1996–2015) of the associations between particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of <10 μm (PM10) and deaths among elderly residents of Seoul, South Korea, which has a rapi

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Ren, Xuejuan, Xiu-Qun Yang, and Haibo Hu. "Subseasonal Variations of Wintertime North Pacific Evaporation, Cold Air Surges, and Water Vapor Transport." Journal of Climate 30, no. 23 (2017): 9475–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0140.1.

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This study addresses subseasonal variations of oceanic evaporation E over the North Pacific during winter and the connection with the cold air surges (CASs) and atmospheric water vapor transport using the OAFlux and ERA-Interim daily data. By performing an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis, two dominant modes of subseasonal evaporation anomaly E′ are identified: a zonal wave train–like pattern (EOF1) and an east negative–west positive dipolar pattern (EOF2) in the midlatitude basin. Further analyses yield the following conclusions. 1) The Siberian high (SH)-related CAS has a crucial

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Cao, Shiding, Taishan Lu, Bo Zheng, and Guozhu Zhang. "Experimental Study on the Temperature Field of Cold Region Tunnel under Various Groundwater Seepage Velocities." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (December 10, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6695099.

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Groundwater seepage significantly affects the temperature field of a cold region tunnel. Laboratory model tests are carried out to evaluate its effects, yielding four main results. First, groundwater seepage can increase tunnel air temperature and decrease the thickness and length of the tunnel insulation layer. Second, groundwater seepage and tunnel ventilation exert a coupling effect on the surrounding rock temperature. This effect is related to the surrounding rock depth. Third, the influence of the groundwater seepage velocity on the temperature of the interface between the lining and surr

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Eleyowo, Oluwole O., and Oluwafemi D. Amusa. "Evaluation of Air Condition Use and Its Health Effects." Recent Advances in Biology and Medicine 5 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18639/rabm.2019.858317.

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The use of air conditioners (ACs) in homes has become a necessity in urban cities such as Lagos State. The rapid growth in the use of AC has been attributed majorly to protection from high thermal exposures. However, there have been controversies regarding physiological discomforts attributed to AC use. This study therefore seeks to elucidate the associations between AC use and some selected physical ailments using random samples from Lagos State. A structured questionnaire was administered to 200 randomly selected participants. The responses were scored, and the data were analyzed accordingly

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Angevine, Wayne M., Michael Tjernström, and Mark Žagar. "Modeling of the Coastal Boundary Layer and Pollutant Transport in New England." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 45, no. 1 (2006): 137–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jam2333.1.

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Abstract Concentrations of ozone exceeding regulatory standards are regularly observed along the coasts of New Hampshire and Maine in summer. These events are primarily caused by the transport of pollutants from urban areas in Massachusetts and farther south and west. Pollutant transport is most efficient over the ocean. The coastline makes transport processes complex because it makes the structure of the atmospheric boundary layer complex. During pollution episodes, the air over land in daytime is warmer than the sea surface, so air transported from land over water becomes statically stable a

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Newsome, Hillary, Emily L. Lin, David M. Poetker, and Guilherme J. M. Garcia. "Clinical Importance of Nasal Air Conditioning: A Review of the Literature." American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy 33, no. 6 (2019): 763–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1945892419863033.

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Background Nasal air conditioning (ie, heating and humidification of inspired air) is an important function of the nasal cavity. This function may be reduced in cases of aggressive nasal surgery. Future virtual surgery planning tools may be used to design surgical approaches that preserve the nasal air conditioning capacity while decreasing airflow resistance. However, it is unclear whether there is a threshold below which impaired nasal air conditioning is associated with negative health consequences. Objective This study aims to review the literature on the clinical impact of reduced nasal a

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Cauchi, Marija, Ivan Grech, Bertram Mallia, Pierluigi Mollicone, and Nicholas Sammut. "The Effects of Structure Thickness, Air Gap Thickness and Silicon Type on the Performance of a Horizontal Electrothermal MEMS Microgripper." Actuators 7, no. 3 (2018): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act7030038.

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The ongoing development of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) over the past decades has made possible the achievement of high-precision micromanipulation within the micromanufacturing, microassembly and biomedical fields. This paper presents different design variants of a horizontal electrothermally actuated MEMS microgripper that are developed as microsystems to micromanipulate and study the deformability properties of human red blood cells (RBCs). The presented microgripper design variants are all based on the U-shape `hot and cold arm’ actuator configuration, and are fabricated using the

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Wang, Futing, Ting Yang, Zifa Wang, et al. "A Comparison of the Different Stages of Dust Events over Beijing in March 2021: The Effects of the Vertical Structure on Near-Surface Particle Concentration." Remote Sensing 13, no. 18 (2021): 3580. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13183580.

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Mineral dust is of great importance to climate change, air quality, and human health. In this study, multisource data, including the reanalysis data and remote sensing data, were used to compare the three dust events that occurred in the March of 2021 over Beijing and reveal the effects of atmospheric vertical structure on near-surface dust concentration. The combined effect of the Mongolian cyclone and a wide persistent cold-front induced two events (E1: from March 15 to 16 and E3: from March 28 to 29). E1 was more intense, more extensive, and longer-lasting than E3 due to the combination of

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Tedla, Tariku Asfaw, Dharamveer Singh, and Burhan Showkat. "Effects of air voids on comprehensive laboratory performance of cold mix containing recycled asphalt pavement." Construction and Building Materials 368 (March 2023): 130416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.130416.

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Iwański, Marek, Anna Chomicz-Kowalska, Grzegorz Mazurek, et al. "Effects of the Water-Based Foaming Process on the Basic and Rheological Properties of Bitumen 70/100." Materials 14, no. 11 (2021): 2803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14112803.

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The process of water-based foaming of bitumen produces binders that can be incorporated in cold recycled asphalt mixes and pavement upper structural layers made of half-warm mix asphalt prepared at 100–130 °C. During the foaming process, cold water and air act on hot bitumen (160–170 °C), which results in the explosive vaporization of water leading to changes in the binder structure. The impact of foaming on the properties of bitumen 70/100 was evaluated by investigating the binder characteristics before and after foaming. Determination of two foaming parameters, maximum expansion and half-lif

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Lewis, C., Y. Rodlum, B. Misaen, S. Changchum, and G. L. A. Sims. "Effect of Compound Formulation and Processing Conditions on Properties of Extruded EPDM and NR/EPDM Foams." Cellular Polymers 22, no. 1 (2003): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026248930302200103.

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The effects of compound formulations and processing conditions on the structure and properties of extruded EPDM and EPDM/NR blends of tube foams were investigated. The foam tubes were prepared by mixing a compound in a two roll mill, extruding the compound through a cold feed extruder and finally vulcanizing the extrudate in a circulating hot air oven. In previous results, the EPDM grade, blowing agent type, composition of EPDM blend and processing conditions were found to affect the cell structure and the physical properties of the resultant EPDM foams. An extended work was carried out using

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Wimalasena, Nipuni Nilakshini, Alice Chang-Richards, Kevin I.-Kai Wang, and Kim N. Dirks. "Housing Risk Factors Associated with Respiratory Disease: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 6 (2021): 2815. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18062815.

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Cold, damp and mouldy housing arises from the degradation of the housing stock over time due to weathering and a lack of maintenance. Living in such houses is associated with many adverse impacts on human health, especially for those with existing health issues. This paper presents a systematic review, using the PRISMA protocol, consisting of an exploratory analysis of housing-related risk factors associated with respiratory disease. The review consisted of 360 studies investigating 19 risk factors associated with respiratory conditions. Each fall into one of four categories, namely, (1) outdo

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Chen, Xue Qing, and Lei Tong. "Study on Flow Patterns and Separation Performance of Liquid-Gas Separator Units." Advanced Materials Research 1008-1009 (August 2014): 919–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1008-1009.919.

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Three liquid-gas separator units were designed and manufactured from transparent acrylic resin based on the concept of a new kind of validated high performance condenser. The separator units had different spaces between baffle and outlet arm or different header diameters. A visualization cold state test system was set up to explore the basic principle of liquid-gas separation and liquid discharge process, using air and water as the working fluids. Four kinds of liquid flow patterns were observed by the liquid staining and high-speed photography at inlet air superficial velocities from 1m/s to

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Volkov, Alexander G., Kunning G. Xu, and Vladimir I. Kolobov. "Plasma-generated reactive oxygen and nitrogen species can lead to closure, locking and constriction of the Dionaea muscipula Ellis trap." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 16, no. 150 (2019): 20180713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2018.0713.

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Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) can influence plant signalling, physiology and development. We have previously observed that an argon plasma jet in atmospheric air can activate plant movements and morphing structures in the Venus flytrap and Mimosa pudica similar to stimulation of their mechanosensors in vivo. In this paper, we found that the Venus flytrap can be activated by plasma jets without direct contact of plasma with the lobe, midrib or cilia. The observed effects are attributed to RONS, which are generated by argon and helium plasma jets in atmospheric air. We also found t

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Wendisch, Manfred, Johannes Stapf, Sebastian Becker, et al. "Effects of variable ice–ocean surface properties and air mass transformation on the Arctic radiative energy budget." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 23, no. 17 (2023): 9647–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9647-2023.

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Abstract. Low-level airborne observations of the Arctic surface radiative energy budget are discussed. We focus on the terrestrial part of the budget, quantified by the thermal-infrared net irradiance (TNI). The data were collected in cloudy and cloud-free conditions over and in the vicinity of the marginal sea ice zone (MIZ) close to Svalbard during two aircraft campaigns conducted in the spring of 2019 and in the early summer of 2017. The measurements, complemented by ground-based observations available from the literature and radiative transfer simulations, are used to evaluate the influenc

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Wan, Xiaojuan, Liping Ji, Min Zhao, Shixiang Zhu, and Meixiu Tang. "Evaluation of Application Effect of Self-Made Compression Cold Therapy in Postoperative Rehabilitation of Patients with Orthopedic Dyskinesia." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2022 (July 18, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8222933.

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With the accelerated aging of the population, orthopedic injuries have become more collective. Among them, the incidence of ankle fractures remains high. Surgery is an effective way to treat ankle fractures by utilizing special surgical site, complex anatomical structure, and specific surgical methods. With surgical approach, it is easy for basis postoperative blood loss, pain, swelling, and other problems. After surgery, most patients suffer from symptoms of fear, increased pain sensitivity, and excessive irrational concerns about physical movement or activity. Compression cold therapy combin

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Golikov, N. I., I. I. Sannikov, S. V. Semenov, and M. A. Ivanov. "Thermal cycles, structure and properties of welded joints in structural steels during welding in extreme cold conditions." Arctic and Subarctic Natural Resources 29, no. 3 (2024): 479–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31242/2618-9712-2024-29-3-479-492.

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The article summarizes research on the thermal cycles, structure, and properties of welded joints made from low-alloy and low-carbon steels during arc welding in sub-zero temperatures. This review aims to analyze previous research to create solid recommendations for welding steel bridge structures during winter conditions. The results of a comparison of experimental measurements of thermal cycles of welding samples with different sizes made at room and subzero ambient air temperatures (down to minus 50 °C) are considered. It is shown that in small plates with dimensions of 200 × 250 × 10 mm, d

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Shin, Jongmin, Alexei V. Tikhonov, and Cheolhwan Kim. "Experimental Study on Frost Structure on Surfaces With Different Hydrophilicity: Density and Thermal Conductivity." Journal of Heat Transfer 125, no. 1 (2003): 84–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1518496.

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An experimental study has been conducted to investigate the effects of surface energy on frost formation. Test samples with three different surfaces of which dynamic contact angles (DCA) were 23, 55, and 88 deg were installed in a wind tunnel and exposed to a humid airflow. The airflow Reynolds number, humidity, the air and the cold plate temperatures were maintained at 9000, 0.0042 kg/kg′, +12 and −22°C, respectively. The thickness and the mass of frost layer were measured and used to calculate frost density while heat flux and temperature profile were measured to obtain thermal conductivity.

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