Academic literature on the topic 'Effects of xenophobia'
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Journal articles on the topic "Effects of xenophobia"
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Chang, BS, Crystal, Anthony Salerno, MSc, and Edbert B. Hsu, MD, MPH. "Perspectives on xenophobia during epidemics and implications for emergency management." Journal of Emergency Management 18, no. 7 (December 10, 2020): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.2020.0521.
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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease that traces its earliest known cases to the Hubei region of China in late 2019. As the COVID-19 pandemic has spread across the globe wreaking unprecedented disruption, increasing levels of xenophobia and racial discrimination have been documented against those of Asian descent. We investigate the historical connections between disease and rise of xenophobia as described in the peer-reviewed literature addressing prior epidemics, such as Ebola and the Hong Kong Flu, in conjunction with concurrent cases of prejudice toward certain groups of people. Attempts to better understand why such attitudes emerge are examined in the context of xenophobic actions during pandemics. Prevailing views suggest that xenophobia ultimately leads to increased stigmatization of those afflicted by disease, which in turn leads to decreased trust in the medical system, resulting in a negative feedback loop. Accurate disseminated information and improved public education on sources and modes of transmission of infectious diseases are essential to check xenophobic tendencies, reduce negative effects and foster greater cooperation.
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Marsh, Nina, Dirk Scheele, Justin S. Feinstein, Holger Gerhardt, Sabrina Strang, Wolfgang Maier, and René Hurlemann. "Oxytocin-enforced norm compliance reduces xenophobic outgroup rejection." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 35 (August 14, 2017): 9314–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1705853114.
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Never before have individuals had to adapt to social environments defined by such magnitudes of ethnic diversity and cultural differentiation. However, neurobiological evidence informing about strategies to reduce xenophobic sentiment and foster altruistic cooperation with outsiders is scarce. In a series of experiments settled in the context of the current refugee crisis, we tested the propensity of 183 Caucasian participants to make donations to people in need, half of whom were refugees (outgroup) and half of whom were natives (ingroup). Participants scoring low on xenophobic attitudes exhibited an altruistic preference for the outgroup, which further increased after nasal delivery of the neuropeptide oxytocin. In contrast, participants with higher levels of xenophobia generally failed to exhibit enhanced altruism toward the outgroup. This tendency was only countered by pairing oxytocin with peer-derived altruistic norms, resulting in a 74% increase in refugee-directed donations. Collectively, these findings reveal the underlying sociobiological conditions associated with outgroup-directed altruism by showing that charitable social cues co-occurring with enhanced activity of the oxytocin system reduce the effects of xenophobia by facilitating prosocial behavior toward refugees.
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Hlobisile Khoza, Hlengiwe, Respect Mashele, and Ricky Munyaradzi Mukonza. "The “Butterfly Effects” That Emerged to Xenophobic Outbreaks in South Africa: Xenophobia, A Timeless Boom." African Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies 10, no. 1 (April 27, 2021): 101–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/2634-3665/2021/v10n1a5.
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Getmansky, Anna, Tolga Sınmazdemir, and Thomas Zeitzoff. "Refugees, xenophobia, and domestic conflict." Journal of Peace Research 55, no. 4 (February 15, 2018): 491–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343317748719.
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What factors influence attitudes towards refugees? Do negative attitudes towards refugees also influence attitudes towards conflict in the host countries? Previous studies suggest that an influx of refugees, and locals’ reaction to them, may destabilize receiving countries and lead to conflict. In particular, actual or perceived negative effects of refugees’ presence, such as increased economic competition with the locals, disruption of ethnic balance in the host country, and arrival of people with ties to rebel groups may lead to an increased likelihood of civil conflict in countries that receive refugees. These effects can lead to instability by changing the locals’ incentives and opportunities of engaging in violence. Indeed, some studies find a positive correlation at the cross-national level between influx of refugees and conflict in receiving countries. We contribute to this literature by experimentally manipulating information about the externalities of hosting refugees. We conducted a survey-experiment in the summer of 2014 in Turkey, a country that hosts the largest number of Syrian refugees. We examine how different messages about the possible effects of hosting refugees – increased economic burden, disruption of ethnic balance, and ties with rebels, as well as a positive message of saving innocent women and children – affect locals’ perceptions of the refugees and their attitudes towards the Turkish-Kurdish peace process. We find that some messages cause locals, especially majority non-Kurds, to hold more negative views of the refugees, and in some cases to view them as a threat. Generally speaking, this information does not affect support for the peace process within Turkey. Rather, fundamental factors, such as partisanship, and previous exposure to conflict are better predictors of attitudes towards peace.
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D'Ancona, M. A. C. "Measuring xenophobia: Social desirability and survey mode effects." Migration Studies 2, no. 2 (September 25, 2013): 255–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/migration/mnt014.
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He, Leshui, Wen Zhou, Ming He, Xuanhua Nie, and Jun He. "Openness and COVID-19 induced xenophobia: The roles of trade and migration in sustainable development." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 8, 2021): e0249579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249579.
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Along with the plight of the COVID-19 outbreak in 2020 come the xenophobic behaviors and hate crimes against people with Asian descent around the globe. The threat of a public health emergency catalyzed underlying xenophobic sentiments, manifesting them into racial discrimination of various degrees. With most discriminatory acts reported in liberal societies, this article investigates whether an economy more open to trade and migration can be more susceptible to xenophobia. Using our first-hand survey data of 1767 Chinese respondents residing overseas from 65 different countries during February of 2020, we adopt an instrumental variable strategy to identify the causal effect of openness to trade and migration of their residence country on the likelihood of them receiving discriminatory behaviors during the early stage of the COVID-19 outbreak. Our results show that greater openness to trade increases the likelihood of reported xenophobic behaviors, while openness to migration decreases it. On the other hand, stronger trade or immigration relationships with China are associated with less reported discrimination. And these effects primarily influence discriminatory behavior in interpersonal spaces, rather than through media outlets. Our findings highlight nuances of the effect of trade relations on the culture of a society.
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Esses, Victoria M., and Leah K. Hamilton. "Xenophobia and anti-immigrant attitudes in the time of COVID-19." Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 24, no. 2 (February 2021): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430220983470.
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The devastating impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on nations and individuals has almost certainly led to increased feelings of threat and competition, heightened uncertainty, lack of control, and a rise in authoritarianism. In this paper we use social psychological and sociological theories to explore the anticipated effects on xenophobia and anti-immigrant attitudes worldwide. Based on our analysis, we discuss recommendations for further research required during the ups and downs of the pandemic, as well as during recovery. We also discuss the need for research to address how to best counteract this expected surge in xenophobia and anti-immigrant attitudes. As the pandemic persists, it will be important to systematically examine its effects on xenophobia and anti-immigrant attitudes, and to develop and implement strategies that keep these negative attitudes at bay.
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Toh, Ernest Muchu. "African Immigrant and the Struggle against Class, Racism and Xenophobic Consequences in Post-Apartheid South Africa." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 5, no. 7 (August 26, 2020): 1460–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt20jul837.
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This paper brings to understanding the effects of class and racism which are manifested in xenophobic attacks against foreign blacks in South Africa. Xenophobic attacks have been persistent in the country for over the last two decade. It has amongst other things slowed the economy, particularly affected the country’s relations with the African continent and tainted the image of South Africa to the entire world. These attacks turn the livelihood of Africans immigrants into a daily struggle to adapt, survive, integrate themselves and contributes to the development of the country. The article seeks to unveil the reasons South African blacks behave the way they do against their fellow Black African counterparts despite the call for African unity and solidarity also known as ‘Ubuntu’. From the findings, it demonstrates that the act of xenophobia is a manifestation of effect of mindset influenced by the apartheid policy, which was based on hatred, class, race, and violence.
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NAGAYOSHI, Kikuko. "Effects of the Split Labor Market on Xenophobia in Japan." Japanese Sociological Review 63, no. 1 (2012): 19–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4057/jsr.63.19.
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Piatkowska, Sylwia J., and Andreas Hövermann. "A Culture of Hostility and Crime Motivated by Bias: A Cross-National Multilevel Analysis of Structural Influences." International Criminal Justice Review 29, no. 2 (April 29, 2018): 141–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1057567718772332.
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This study examines the impact of macrolevel indicators of social environment on officially recorded crime motivated by racial bias and xenophobia across 44 regions in 7 European nations between 2002 and 2011. In doing so, we estimate multilevel Poisson regression growth models where time is nested within subnational units, which avoids direct comparison of biased crime across different nations. We test the utility of various theoretical frameworks that have proven to be of relevance in explaining crime motivated by bias. The results reveal that the role of a hostile social climate is of particular interest, as xenophobic and racially motivated crimes are higher in regions with higher levels of anti-immigrant sentiment and higher levels of ethnic discrimination, in line with the “Doing Difference” approach developed by Perry. Consistent with the Power-Differential Hypothesis and Group Contact Theory, xenophobic and racially motivated crime rates are negatively associated with the percentage of the foreign-born population. Finally, the results reveal that xenophobic and racially motivated crime rates are higher in regions with lower levels of social integration, which is congruent with social disorganization theory. We conclude with a discussion of the effects of social climate on crime motivated by bias.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Effects of xenophobia"
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VandenBerg, Robert Joseph. "The Effect of Urban Status on Xenophobic Sentiment: A Case Study." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1405792524.
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Matshakaile, Thabani Nkosiyapha. "Access to justice for non-citizens : a constitutional analysis." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86576.
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Thesis (LLM)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The rights entrenched in the Bill of Rights in South Africa’s final Constitution are, with a few exceptions, guaranteed to citizens and non-citizens alike. South Africa has seen an influx of migrants, asylum seekers and refugees since 1994, and this migratory movement has posed significant challenges to the post-apartheid legal order. This thesis is concerned with the State’s implementation of its constitutional obligations to protect and guarantee the constitutional rights of everyone within the borders of South Africa. It is important that these constitutional obligations do not remain mere aspirations but should translate into reality. Most non-citizens living in South Africa face numerous barriers to accessing justice and the processes that could enable them to realise their rights. The thesis examines the concept of “access to justice” and investigates a number of obstacles encountered by different categories of non-citizens – such as refugees, asylum seekers and documented and undocumented migrants – in trying to access justice and to realise their rights. Against this background, arrest, detention and deportation under the Immigration Act and Refugees Act are examined because these processes have often been abused by State officials to prevent non-citizens from accessing the rights and protections guaranteed in these Acts and the Constitution, and to frustrate the implementation of court orders vindicating the rights of non-citizens. The application of the Immigration and Refugees Acts is discussed through the lens of sections 12(1), 33, 34 and 35(2) of the Constitution which ensure that arrest, detention and deportation are done in a lawful and procedurally fair manner, as opposed to the arbitrariness that most non-citizens experience on a daily basis. Secondly, the thesis also examines access to justice for non-citizens in the context of xenophobia and bias based crimes. The State has in the past failed to respond in a coordinated and timely fashion in the face of violent manifestations of xenophobia. Against this background, the State’s obligation to protect non-citizens from violence from either public or private sources in terms of section 12(1)(c) of the Constitution is discussed and analysed. The role, accessibility and effectiveness of Equality Courts are also examined in light of the Promotion of Equality and Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act and the cases that were brought before them emanating from xenophobic incidents. The thesis concludes with proposals on areas which require better implementation of existing laws; and areas in which legislative reform is needed.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die regte wat in die Handves van Regte in Suid-Afrika se finale Grondwet veranker is, word op enkele uitsonderings na vir burgers en nie-burgers gewaarborg. Sedert 1994 het Suid- Afrika instroming van migrante, asielsoekers en vlugtelinge beleef, en hierdie verskuiwing het wesenlike uitdagings aan die post-apartheid regsorde gestel. Hierdie tesis is gemoeid met die Staat se implementering van sy grondwetlike verpligting om die grondwetlike regte van almal wat hul binne Suid-Afrika se landsgrense bevind, te beskerm en te waarborg. Dit is belangrik dat hierdie grondwetlike verpligtinge nie blote aspirasies bly nie, maar ’n werklikheid word. Die meeste nie-burgers wat in Suid-Afrika woon staar talle hindernisse in die gesig wat dit vir hulle moeilik maak om toegang tot geregtigheid te verkry en om hul regte te verwesenlik. Die tesis ondersoek die begrip “toegang tot geregtigheid” en bekyk aantal struikelblokke in die weg van verskillende kategorieë nie-burgers – soos vlugtelinge, asielsoekers en gedokumenteerde en nie-gedokumenteerde migrante – wat toegang tot geregtigheid probeer verkry en hul regte probeer verwesenlik. Teen hierdie agtergrond word arrestasie, aanhouding en deportering ingevolge die Wet op Immigrasie en die Wet op Vlugtelinge ondersoek, aangesien hierdie prosesse dikwels deur staatsamptenare misbruik word om nie-burgers te verhinder om toegang te verkry tot die regte en beskermings wat in hierdie wetgewing en in die Grondwet gewaarborg word, en om geregtelike bevele wat die regte van nie-burgers afdwing, te verydel. Die toepassing van die Wet op Immigrasie en die Wet op Vlugtelinge word deur die lens van artikels 12(1), 33, 34 en 35(2) van die Grondwet bespreek, wat probeer verseker dat arrestasie, aanhouding en deportering op regmatige en prosedureel billike manier geskied, in teenstelling met die willekeur wat nie-burgers op daaglikse basis ervaar. Tweedens ondersoek die tesis toegang tot geregtigheid vir nie-burgers in die konteks van vreemdelingehaat en misdade wat op vooroordeel gebaseer is. Die Staat het in die verlede in gebreke gebly om in die aangesig van gewelddadige manifesterings van vreemdelingehaat op gekoördineerde en tydige manier te reageer. Die Staat se verpligting om ingevolge artikel 12(1)(c) van die Grondwet nie-burgers teen geweld van hetsy openbare hetsy private oorsprong te beskerm, word bespreek en ontleed. Die rol, toeganklikheid en doeltreffendheid van gelykheidshowe word ook bespreek in die lig van die Promotion of Equality and Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act en die sake wat deur hierdie howe beslis is wat uit xenofobiese voorvalle voortspruit. Die tesis sluit af met voorstelle oor terreine waar beter implementering van bestaande wetgewing benodig word, asook terreine waar wetgewende hervorming verlang word.
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Mpofu-Chimbga, Walter Wawuruka. "The role of secondary schools in averting xenophobia in South Africa." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/11936.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the causes and effects of xenophobia in South Africa. The study also aimed at focussing on tracing whether there are any programmes in place to counter xenophobia. The ultimate goal was to establish ways in which secondary schools can play a role in averting xenophobia in the country. The research centred on gathering information through a review of literature, the use of questionnaires and conducting interviews. The literature reviewed highlighted a pattern of xenophobic tendencies since the dawn of independence in South Africa in 1994 which ultimately reached alarming levels in May 2008. Foreigners are accused of ‘stealing’ jobs and women from locals, commiting crimes, accessing government grants, accepting wages below the minimum laid down and enjoying better living standards than many locals. The foreigners’ way of life is not acceptable to some South Africans in terms of their language, lifestyles and personalities. Poverty seems to play a big role as most of the xenophobic acts occur in densely populated urban townships and squatter camps. The study did not come across significant efforts either from government or civic organisations aimed at countering xenophobia in South Africa especially in light of the extreme 2008 attacks on foreign nationls.
The questionnaires were administered on 241 South African learners and the interviews were conducted with 15 African foreign learners in South Africa. The information gathered through questionnaires and interviews was summarised and analysed leading to conclusions that mostly corroborated the findings of the literature review. Some of the responses to the questionnares are worrying as they clearly reveal some xenophobic tendencies whilst some reponses to the interview questions recount some disturbing experiences that the participants encountered.
Some of the recommendations made include the introduction of strict measures against name calling in schools, dealing with any xenophobic incidents in schools no matter how small the incident might be and organising regional sporting events together with educational exchange programs such as Mathematics Olympiads with schools from neighbouring countries. It is hoped that the implementation of the suggested recommendations may reduce the occurrence of xenophobia in South Africa.Psychology of Education
M. Ed. (Psychology of Education)
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Motsoeneng, Mbali. "Effects of the proposed Licensing of Businesses Bill on migrant traders in Soweto." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/23697.
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Research presented for the degree of Master of Management in the field of Public and Development Management to the Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management of the University of Witwatersrand. March 2016As an economic hub of Africa, South Africa has been experiencing an influx of economic and political migrants leading to the ethnic diversification of its population. This trend has incited a xenophobic atmosphere due to frustrations from locals, and has led to violent attacks towards foreign nationals. In particular, the Somali population has endured a high number of attacks as this group has successfully penetrated the informal business market in the townships of South Africa. Government has responded to these xenophobic attacks by proposing, amongst others, a Licensing of Businesses Bill in 2013. The bill has been criticised by the public as it is considered a hostile policy that aims to enforce regulations that restrict foreign nationals from operating businesses in the informal sector. This political dilemma has also led to questions as to how this policy response may have an effect on social cohesion in unequal societies where violence against Somalis is prevailing. The Klipspruit community was selected as it forms part of the City of Johannesburg that has a significant amount of Somali informal traders. The purpose of the study was to examine the root causes of violence against Somalis and the potential of the governments’ policy response to mitigate this phenomenon. In particular, the study also investigated the effect of the proposed Licensing of Businesses Bill on social cohesion development between Somalis and South Africans in Klipspruit. The qualitative research findings indicate that violence against Somalis was due to the economic situation, lack of regulation, competition and business miscommunication. The responses were generally driven by the perception that the government of South Africa introduced a bill that is fostered by nationalistic interests to the detriment of foreign nationals such as Somalis. It is therefore recommended that the government develops a way to enhance power sharing in decision-making processes, monitoring and correcting inequalities amongst culturally distinct groups, promoting cultural diversity and integration through education and lastly ensuring that the government acts in a constitutional manner.
GR2018
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Kanjo, Rosaline Yumumkah. "The effects of the 2008 xenophobic violence on female African (foreign) nationals in South Africa and possible solutions : a case study of female students at UKZN." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/4943.
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Xenophobia in South Africa is a social-political ill. Despite the huge xenophobic attack that took place in May 2008 leaving so many people homeless, wounded and dead, xenophobia still continues to occur in several ways all over South Africa. Its roots can be traced back to the period of apartheid when black South Africans suffered various types of racial discrimination and other forms of subjugation from the hands of their white compatriots, who form a tiny minority of the country‘s population. It would appear that having forced their way out of the period of apartheid, Black South Africans have created a brutal culture of hostility towards 'foreigners' from the rest of Africa. In their search for higher education, students from the rest of the continent have been attracted to South Africa by its excellent social infrastructure and the relative buoyancy of its economy. These migrant students are faced with various challenges in their daily activities both on and off campus. The most salient of this would seem to be their experience of xenophobia. A case in point is the female African students at UKZN. This is in addition to the basic fact that women are, almost by definition, a vulnerable group. The violence that many women experience is caused by numerous identities such as race, class, sexual orientation, HIV status, disability and other markers of difference. These markers not only increase female vulnerability but they also limit their access to legal redress and health and psychosocial services. This phenomenon often gives men an advantage over women in society. Such forms of discrimination need to be investigated and interrogated within the context of xenophobia. Though there has not been any further major attack in the aftermath of the 2008 xenophobic violence, the sporadic experiences amongst, for example, foreign female African students at UKZN, if ignored, may gradually lead to a violent outbreak. This study attempts to capture and critically analyse the understanding of these students on the subject of xenophobia, their experiences and the probable effects xenophobia has, so far, had on their stay in South Africa. The study also seeks to understand how these students respond to the attacks and if they are aware of policies made by the government or university authorities to assist them. Based on the interviews, the study recommends how to eradicate xenophobia, given that existing policies seem to be working only in presumption. It further elaborates on the gender dynamics of xenophobia and concludes on the feelings of xenophilia (experience of love by foreigners from the local South Africans) by the students despite the existence of xenophobia in South Africa.Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2010.
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Rakuba, White Makabe. "The traumatic effects of rapid urbanization in the new South Africa after the 1994 dispensation, a challenge to pastoral counselling, with particular reference to informal settlements in the Roodepoort area." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24643.
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The research has been designed to study the effects of the rapid urbanization in and around the Roodepoort, targeting mainly the sprawling informal settlements across the area and the existing townships of Dobsonville, Doornkop (Snakepark) and Kagiso. The researcher, who is a practising pastor in the area, had been challenged by a number of issues related to the process of urbanization. The CODESA process that culminated with the elections of 1994 and the subsequent change of government had raised very high hopes among the majority of South Africans who lived in poverty and foreigners, in their own land, for decades. The turnover at the elections, inspired by leaders such as Bishop Desmond Tutu, was a clear indication that an ordinary South African was yearning for a better life. This was a new beginning as many people had been restricted by the apartheid laws to work and live where they wanted. The repeal of all the apartheid laws saw the beginning of influx from the rural homelands to the cities. The hope that job opportunities were available near the cities was the main force of attraction. This unplanned process resulted in creation of massive informal settlements as there were no houses to cater for the massive movement. This process is called rapid urbanization. Not very long, the reality of the past indicated that there were no major changes with the new government. The economy still remained in the hands of few individuals, majority of whom still being white, as the new government came through negotiations and not complete take over (Coup D’état.) Few blacks managed to shoot up the economy ladder through processes such as BEE and the GEAR leaving the majority of people in abject poverty. The great trek did not only happen within the borders of the country, millions of people from the African, Asian and East European countries also moved into South Africa to try their luck at the new South African economy. Highly qualified professionals left their struggling countries to seek better life in South Africa. This category came legally through the recruitment processes but the larger contingency came illegally into the country. They took the advantage of lack of internationally recognised immigration instruments to regulate movement in and out of the country. This process saw the country soaring with illegal economic migrants as well as genuine refugees and asylum seekers. The rapid urbanization process brought about the following challenges: - Culture shock
- Declining family structures/ life and Social problems
- Drug trafficking
- Education
- Exploitation of foreigners
- Exploitation of informal settlement dwellers and “Shack farming”
- Human trafficking.
- Inadequate housing and homelessness
- Institutional harassment and unfair discrimination
- Lack of Employment
- Poverty in urban areas
- Refugees and economic migrants
- Social benefit exclusion
- Stigmatization on HIV and AIDS, Crime, including serious crimes
- Xenophobia
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Practical Theology
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Books on the topic "Effects of xenophobia"
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Defining the Caymanian Identity: The Effects of Globalization, Economics, and Xenophobia on Caymanian Culture. Lexington Books/Fortress Academic, 2015.
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Kolstø, Pål, and Helge Blakkisrud, eds. Russia Before and After Crimea. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474433853.001.0001.
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Explores the momentous changes that have taken place in the Russian national identity discourse since Putin’s return to the presidency Russia’s annexation of Crimea in 2014 marked a watershed in post-Cold War European history and brought East–West relations to a low point. At the same time, by selling this fateful action in starkly nationalist language, the Putin regime achieved record-high popularity. This book shows how, after the large-scale 2011–2013 anti-Putin demonstrations in major Russian cities and the parallel rise in xenophobia related to the Kremlin’s perceived inability to deal with the influx of Central Asian labour migrants, the annexation of Crimea generated strong ‘rallying around the nation’ and ‘rallying around the leader’ effects. The contributors to this collection go beyond the news headlines, focusing on aspects of Russian society that have often passed under the radar, such as intellectual racism and growing xenophobia. These developments are contextualised by chapters that provide a broader overview of the latest developments in Russian nationalism – both state-level nationalism and independent, bottom–up-driven societal nationalism, and the tensions between the two are explored.
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Florence, Haegel, Rey Henri, Sintomer Yves, and Centre d'étude de la vie politique française (Paris, France), eds. La xénophobie en banlieue: Effets et expressions. Paris, France: L'Harmattan, 2000.
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Foster, Christopher Ian. Conscripts of Migration. University Press of Mississippi, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496824219.001.0001.
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Global migration is more pronounced than it has ever been while issues concerning immigration are constantly in the news. Yet answers as to why remain few and far between. Conscripts of Migration: Neoliberal Globalization, Nationalism, and theLiterature of New African Diasporas intersects black Atlantic, postcolonial, and queer diaspora studies to answer these increasingly crucial questions regarding crises of immigration by rethinking migration historically and globally. From histories of racial capitalism, the trans-Atlantic slave trade, and imperialism to contemporary neoliberal globalization and the resurgence of xenophobic nationalism, countries in the Global North continue to devastate and destabilize the global South. Britain, France, Italy, and the United States, in different ways, police the effects of their own global policies at their borders. This book uses the term conscription as a way to understand the political and economic systems that undergird contemporary immigration and its colonial histories while providing the first substantial study of a new body of contemporary African diasporic literature: migritude. Authors like FatouDiome, Shailja Patel, Nadifa Mohamed, Diriye Osman and others, address vital issues of migrancy, diaspora, global refugee crises, racism against immigrants, identity, gender, sexuality, resurgent nationalisms, and neoliberal globalization.
Book chapters on the topic "Effects of xenophobia"
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Streib, Heinz, and Constantin Klein. "Explaining Xenophobia and Xenosophia: Effects of Religiosity, Openness, Tolerance of Complexity, and Religious Schemata." In Xenosophia and Religion. Biographical and Statistical Paths for a Culture of Welcome, 181–201. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74564-0_6.
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Mudau, Tshimangadzo Selina, and Fumane Portia Khanare. "Xenophobia in Higher Education in South Africa." In Advances in Religious and Cultural Studies, 173–87. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7099-9.ch010.
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Naturally, universities are international institutions. In the event of reports of xenophobic attacks across the South African communities, the universities were not spared. Imperial study results have confirmed such tendencies globally with great concern especially its effects on safety, growth, and development of countries. The aim of the chapter is to explore and describe the extent of xenophobic attacks within the higher education institutions in South Africa. This is presented from an inside-out approach aligned with the bio-ecological systems theory of human development. The theory provided a lens to view the biological factors of development within the family, the outside environment such as the community, universities, and government as influences of continuation and the stopping of xenophobic attacks in the higher education. Continuous stakeholder awareness and education on the acceptance and integration of foreign students is recommended. Additionally, strategies to enhance the integration of foreign students by the international offices in the universities is recommended.
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Checker, Melissa. "Conclusion." In The Sustainability Myth, 201–14. NYU Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479835089.003.0008.
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After summarizing the book’s main points and contributions, the concluding chapter proposes a way forward for achieving more just forms of sustainability. First, it reviews the three forms of environmental gentrification: green, industrial, and brown. Second, it recaps the book’s arguments about the paradoxes of nonprofit funding structures and participatory politics. Finally, it returns to post-Hurricane Sandy coalition-building. While this moment of middle-class precarity, political divisiveness and climate insecurity is giving rise to polarizing rhetoric and xenophobia, in everyday life, the increasing effects of climate change are also fostering new and surprisingly diverse political formations and solidarities. Rather than superficial and short-sighted sustainability initiatives, it is these kinds of coalitions, borne of crisis, that lie at the heart of our collective future.
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Robinson, Timothy M. "Octavia Butler’s Vampiric Vision." In Vampires and Zombies. University Press of Mississippi, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496804747.003.0004.
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Octavia Butler’s Fledgling (2005) chronicles the story of Shori Matthews, a 53-year-old vampire who looks like a 10-year-old black girl. Shori awakens with amnesia and physical scarring as a result of an attack from unknown assailants. While healing, she is hunted by clandestine factions of white-skinned vampires called the Ina. Shori later discovers that she is a product of amalgamated Ina and human blood. This chapter argues that Shori is a tragic mulatto figure in the vein of characters in novels like Iola Leroy, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl,Our Nig, and Clotelle but written in the genre of science fiction and fantasy. The novel seems especially concerned with effects of familial and cultural devastation, trauma, miscegenation and xenophobia. While these are primary concerns of the slave narrative, these elements are also reflective of oppressive forces in modern societies that continue to play out master-slave relationships, often in concealed ways.
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LeMoine, Rebecca. "Civic Myths through Immigrant Voices." In Plato's Caves, 133–58. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190936983.003.0004.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter examines the treatment of foreigners in Plato’s Menexenus. The Menexenus appears to offer some of the most striking evidence of Platonic xenophobia, as it features Socrates delivering a mock funeral oration that glorifies Athens’s exclusion of foreigners. When readers play along, however, with Socrates’ exhortation to imagine the oration through the voice of its alleged author, Aspasia, Pericles’ foreign mistress, the oration becomes ironic or dissonant. This dissonance arises in part because Aspasia, a foreigner, speaks disparagingly of foreigners. Yet it also arises because Aspasia is the metic mother of an Athenian citizen, even though her speech praises the pure-blooded, autochthonous nature of Athenians. This chapter thus expands on the central argument that cross-cultural engagement exposes contradictions in the civic beliefs of Athenians by showing how the intersection of national origin and gender can magnify this effect.
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"Steeping Tea and the Rise of the Alt-Right." In Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development, 26–44. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5433-2.ch002.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter explores the rise of the Tea Party, parts of which transitioned into the recently established Alt-Right movement. It is crucial to understanding the Alt-Right and their principles to evaluate the original iteration, the Tea Party, and its devolution into its current form. The chapter analyzes the perceived racist or xenophobic tone of the Alt-Right movement, and how that translates into political action for their participants, including the most recent event in Charlottesville, North Carolina. The chapter examines the use of internet culture, including an adept use of memes, to solidify not only support for their chosen presidential candidate in 2016, but the movement in contemporary American political society. The concept of fake news is considered in the chapter, and the demonstrated effect that not knowing what to believe is having on American society, including the Pizzagate episode from 2016.
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"The Rise of the Alt-Right, Trump, and the Global Nationalist Movement." In Advances in Public Policy and Administration, 74–95. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7343-3.ch004.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter explores the rise of the Tea Party, parts of which transitioned into the recently established Alt-Right movement. It is crucial to understanding the Alt-Right and their principles to evaluate the original iteration, the Tea Party, and its devolution into its current form. The chapter analyzes the perceived racist or xenophobic tone of the Alt-Right movement, and how that translates into political action for their participants, including the most recent event in Charlottesville, North Carolina. The chapter examines the use of internet culture, including an adept use of memes to solidify not only support for their chosen presidential candidate in 2016, but the movement in contemporary American political society. The concept of fake news is considered in the chapter, and the demonstrated effect that not knowing what to believe is having on American society, including the Pizzagate episode from 2016.
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Rice, Alison. "Tireless Translation." In Abdelkébir Khatibi, 65–88. Liverpool University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781789622331.003.0003.
Full textAbstract:
In Féerie d’un mutant, Abdelkébir Khatibi creates a dialogue in which one of the interlocutors declares that he is an “étranger professionnel,” a recurring expression in the Moroccan writer’s work that isn’t easily translated from French into English because of the multiple meanings of the first word: “étranger” is most often rendered as either foreigner or stranger, though these terms carry decidedly different connotations for Anglophone readers. This very resistance to translation may be what inspires the individual in the aforementioned textual exchange to specify that this self-description does not refer to a profession, but instead constitutes “a mobile position in the world” that entails “crossing borders: between languages, civilizations, markets.” (Féérie d’un mutant 2005, 38-39). This way of approaching the planet brings the “étranger professionnel” to embrace a stance that stands out in stark contrast to nationalist and xenophobic sentiments: “A foreigner, I must attach myself to all that is foreign on this earth.” (Amour bilingue 1983, 11). The ever-moving, ever-adjusting position that Khatibi extolls has consequences on multiple levels, affecting the body and the relationships of the “étranger professionnel,” but the effects are perhaps most evident on the use of language, which is never taken for granted or considered to be a “given”: “Language belongs to no one […] Hadn’t I grown up, in my mother tongue, as if I were an adopted child? From one adoption to another, I believed I was being born to my own language.” (Amour bilingue 1983, 11). The constant rebirth into language that characterizes Khatibi’s written work involves tireless translation in texts that depict travel as synonymous with self-creation and linguistic innovation that benefit from transnational perspectives that render all things foreign, in complicated but fruitful ways.