Academic literature on the topic 'Effet antiviral'
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Journal articles on the topic "Effet antiviral"
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Decombe, Alice, Priscila El-Kazzi, Sébastien Nisole, and Étienne Decroly. "Effets de la 2′-O-méthylation de l’ARN génomique du VIH-1 sur la réplication virale." médecine/sciences 40, no. 5 (May 2024): 421–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2024046.
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Les ARN du virus de l’immunodéficience humaine sont décorés par des marques épitranscriptomiques, dont des 2′-O-méthylations internes. Ces marques ajoutées par une enzyme cellulaire, FTSJ3, sont des marqueurs du « soi ». Elles ont des effets proviraux en protégeant l’ARN viral de la détection par le senseur de l’immunité innée MDA5, et en limitant sa dégradation par l’exonucléase cellulaire ISG20, induite par l’interféron. Ces méthylations ont également un effet antiviral, dans la mesure où elles perturbent la rétrotranscription du génome ARN du virus, in vitro et dans des cellules quiescentes. Un équilibre subtil existe donc entre les effets proviraux et antiviraux des 2′-O-méthylations, assurant ainsi une réplication optimale du virus. Ces découvertes ouvrent des perspectives d’optimisation des ARN thérapeutiques à effet antiviral, par la méthylation sélective de certains nucléotides.
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Jegado, Brice, Chloé Journo, and Renaud Mahieux. "Un double effet antiviral des IFITM sur les virus enveloppés." médecine/sciences 34, no. 3 (March 2018): 214–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/20183403008.
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D’Alteroche, Louis, Philippe Assor, Laurent Lefrou, Delphine Senecal, Catherine Gaudy, and Yannick Bacq. "Neutropénie et thrombopénie auto-immunes sévères associées à une hépatite chronique C : effet du traitement antiviral." Gastroentérologie Clinique et Biologique 29, no. 3 (March 2005): 297–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0399-8320(05)80766-3.
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Ongaro, Marie, and Francesco Negro. "Hépatite B et C: une mise à jour sur lʼhépatite virale chronique." Schweizer Gastroenterologie 3, no. 1 (March 2022): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s43472-022-00062-6.
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RésuméL’hépatite virale est une problématique de santé publique majeure contre laquelle l’organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS) a proposé de nombreuses stratégies pour son élimination. Malgré de nombreuses avancées thérapeutiques, il reste des freins pour atteindre les objectifs ambitieux proposés par l’OMS. Concernant le virus de l’hépatite B (VHB), un effort doit être fourni pour promouvoir la vaccination universelle et réduire le risque de transmission materno-fœtale. La recherche d’un traitement curatif est également à considérer et nous passerons brièvement en revue les avancées dans ce domaine.L’élimination du virus de l’hépatite C (VHC) rencontre des difficultés différentes. En effet, malgré la disponibilité d’un traitement antiviral efficace dirigé contre le VHC, les données récentes montrent que seulement 5 % de la population mondiale diagnostiquée aurait bénéficié d’un traitement. Les stratégies actuelles doivent axer leurs efforts sur l’accès au circuit de soin pour les patients virémiques. Une autre difficulté réside dans le suivi des patients guéris avec des recommandations de suivi encore débattues.Cette revue passera rapidement en revue les avancées récentes concernant les virus de l’hépatite B et C.
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Glass, Kathryn, and Niels G. Becker. "Estimating antiviral effectiveness against pandemic influenza using household data." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 6, no. 37 (December 5, 2008): 695–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2008.0404.
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Current estimates of antiviral effectiveness for influenza are based on the existing strains of the virus. Should a pandemic strain emerge, strain-specific estimates will be required as early as possible to ensure that antiviral stockpiles are used optimally and to compare the benefits of using antivirals as prophylaxis or to treat cases. We present a method to measure antiviral effectiveness using early pandemic data on household outbreak sizes, including households that are provided with antivirals for prophylaxis and those provided with antivirals for treatment only. We can assess whether antiviral drugs have a significant impact on susceptibility or on infectivity with the data from approximately 200 to 500 households with a primary case. Fewer households will suffice if the data can be collected before case numbers become high, and estimates are more precise if the study includes data from prophylaxed households and households where no antivirals are provided. Rates of asymptomatic infection and the level of transmissibility of the virus do not affect the accuracy of these estimates greatly, but the pattern of infectivity in the individual strongly influences the estimate of the effect of antivirals on infectivity. An accurate characterization of the infectiousness profile—informed by strain-specific data—is essential for measuring antiviral effectiveness.
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Ningrum, Andi Utari Prasetya, Retnosari Andrajati, Nadia Farhanah Syafhan, and Aditya Wirawan. "Effectiveness of COVID-19 Antivirus Therapy and Its Relationship with Vaccination: A Retrospective Analysis." Jurnal Respirologi Indonesia 43, no. 3 (July 31, 2023): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.36497/jri.v43i3.434.
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Background: COVID-19 is known to have infected more than a million people. COVID-19 can be treated with antivirals. Besides antiviral drugs, vaccination becomes one of the strategies to suppress the spread of COVID-19. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of antivirus and the relationship between vaccination and the effectiveness of the two antiviral therapies in COVID-19 patients based on improvements in the patient's clinical condition, length of stay, and mortality.Methods: This study used a retrospective cohort design conducted at the Universitas Indonesia Hospital, Depok, Indonesia. Data were taken from medical records and hospital databases from January 2021 to August 2022. The antivirals in this study were remdesivir and favipiravir. The samples were divided into two groups, namely the vaccinated and unvaccinated groups.Results: The factor affecting the effectiveness of remdesivir and favipiravir therapy was the severity of COVID-19. It was shown that vaccination had a significant effect on improving clinical conditions, reducing length of stay, and reducing mortality in patients treated with remdesivir who had been vaccinated compared to those who had not been vaccinated. In patients who received favipiravir therapy and were vaccinated, it also showed an effect on improving clinical conditions, length of stay, and mortality compared to patients who were not vaccinated, although the results were not statistically significant.Conclusion: Vaccination had a positive effect on the effectiveness of remdesivir and favipiravir in COVID-19 patients, which could improve the patient's clinical condition in a better direction, as well as reduce length of hospitalization and mortality.
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Alexander, Paul, and Hana M. Dobrovolny. "Treatment of Respiratory Viral Coinfections." Epidemiologia 3, no. 1 (February 23, 2022): 81–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia3010008.
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With the advent of rapid multiplex PCR, physicians have been able to test for multiple viral pathogens when a patient presents with influenza-like illness. This has led to the discovery that many respiratory infections are caused by more than one virus. Antiviral treatment of viral coinfections can be complex because treatment of one virus will affect the time course of the other virus. Since effective antivirals are only available for some respiratory viruses, careful consideration needs to be given on the effect treating one virus will have on the dynamics of the other virus, which might not have available antiviral treatment. In this study, we use mathematical models of viral coinfections to assess the effect of antiviral treatment on coinfections. We examine the effect of the mechanism of action, relative growth rates of the viruses, and the assumptions underlying the interaction of the viruses. We find that high antiviral efficacy is needed to suppress both infections. If high doses of both antivirals are not achieved, then we run the risk of lengthening the duration of coinfection or even of allowing a suppressed virus to replicate to higher viral titers.
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Gao Bin and Yang Gui-zhen. "Immunoregulatory effect and antitumor, antiviral, antivirus activity of polysaccharide." International Journal of Immunopharmacology 13, no. 6 (January 1991): 731. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0192-0561(91)90235-y.
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Chandra, Naresh, Lars Frängsmyr, and Niklas Arnberg. "Decoy Receptor Interactions as Novel Drug Targets against EKC-Causing Human Adenovirus." Viruses 11, no. 3 (March 12, 2019): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11030242.
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Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) is a severe ocular disease and can lead to visual impairment. Human adenovirus type-37 (HAdV-D37) is one of the major causative agents of EKC and uses sialic acid (SA)-containing glycans as cellular receptors. Currently, there are no approved antivirals available for the treatment of EKC. Recently, we have reported that sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) bind to HAdV-D37 via the fiber knob (FK) domain of the viral fiber protein and function as decoy receptors. Based on this finding, we speculated that GAG-mimetics may act as artificial decoy receptors and inhibit HAdV-D37 infection. Repurposing of approved drugs to identify new antivirals has drawn great attention in recent years. Here, we report the antiviral effect of suramin, a WHO-approved drug and a widely known GAG-mimetic, against HAdV-D37. Commercially available suramin analogs also show antiviral effects against HAdV-D37. We demonstrate that suramin exerts its antiviral activity by inhibiting the attachment of HAdV-D37 to cells. We also reveal that the antiviral effect of suramin is HAdV species-specific. Collectively, in this proof of concept study, we demonstrate for the first time that virus binding to a decoy receptor constitutes a novel and an unexplored target for antiviral drug development.
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Langendries, Lana, Rana Abdelnabi, Johan Neyts, and Leen Delang. "Repurposing Drugs for Mayaro Virus: Identification of EIDD-1931, Favipiravir and Suramin as Mayaro Virus Inhibitors." Microorganisms 9, no. 4 (March 31, 2021): 734. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9040734.
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Despite the emerging threat of the Mayaro virus (MAYV) in Central and South-America, there are no licensed antivirals or vaccines available for this neglected mosquito-borne virus. Here, we optimized a robust antiviral assay based on the inhibition of the cytopathogenic effect that could be used for high-throughput screening to identify MAYV inhibitors. We first evaluated different cell lines and virus inputs to determine the best conditions for a reliable and reproducible antiviral assay. Next, we used this assay to evaluate a panel of antiviral compounds with known activity against other arboviruses. Only three drugs were identified as inhibitors of MAYV: β-D-N4-hydroxycytidine (EIDD-1931), favipiravir and suramin. The in vitro anti-MAYV activity of these antiviral compounds was further confirmed in a virus yield assay. These antivirals can therefore serve as reference compounds for future anti-MAYV compound testing. In addition, it is of interest to further explore the activity of EIDD-1931 and its orally bioavailable pro-drug molnupiravir in animal infection models to determine whether it offers promise for the treatment of MAYV infection.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Effet antiviral"
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Isorce, Nathalie. "Du criblage de l’activité antivirale de divers interférons et cytokines pro-inflammatoires contre HBV, vers la description du mécanisme antiviral de l’interleukine-1β dépendant de NF-κB." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10130.
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Dans les patients infectés par HBV, les thérapies avec les analogues de nucléos(t)ides (NAs) ou l'interféron α (IFNα) restent inefficaces pour éradiquer l'infection, à cause d'une forme persistante d'HBV, appelée l'ADN circulaire covalent clos (ADNccc), organisé comme un mini-chromosome. Notre but a été de revisiter l'activité anti-HBV d'un panel de cytokines in vitro en utilisant des hépatocytes non transformés, afin d'identifier de nouvelles options immunothérapeutiques. Parmi toutes les molécules testées, l'IFNβ, l'IFNγ, les IFNλ, le TNFα, l'IL-6, l'IL-1β et le ténofovir (ce dernier utilisé comme contrôle positif) ont montré un effet suppresseur sur la réplication d'HBV aussi fort et parfois plus fort que l'IFNα. La cytokine ayant l'effet le plus élevé sur l'ADN total d'HBV (EC50 ≈ 25 pg/mL), sans cytotoxicité, était l'interleukine-1β (IL-1β), qui est naturellement produite par les cellules de Kupffer (KC), les macrophages du foie. De façon importante, les ARNs totaux d'HBV et l'antigène sécrété HBeAg, mais pas HBsAg, ni l'ADNccc, sont fortement diminués par l'IL-1β. Nous avons donc émis l'hypothèse selon laquelle des promoteurs viraux spécifiques su l'ADNccc pourraient être inhibés, même si l'ADNccc n'est pas dégradé. Ensuite, nous avons étudié le mécanisme de l'activité antivirale de l'IL-1β. Nous avons montré que tous les promoteurs d'HBV sembleraient être inhibés par l'IL-1β. En parallèle, nous avons vérifié que l'IL-1β pouvait activer le promoteur de NF-κB, dont la fonction de transcription a été confirmée. Grâce à cette étude, l'IL-1β a été montré comme ayant un effet antiviral très efficace contre HBV in vitro, par l'intermédiaire de la fixation de NF-κB sur l'ADNcccIn HBV-infected patients, therapies with nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) or interferon α (IFNα) remain ineffective in eradicating the infection, because of a persistent form of HBV DNA, namely the covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), which is organized as a minichromosome. Our aim was to revisit the anti-HBV activity of a panel of IFNs and pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro using nontransformed cultured hepatocytes of HBV infection, to identify new immunotherapeutic options. Amongst all molecules tested, IFNβ, IFNγ, IFNλ, TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β and tenofovir showed a suppressive effect on HBV replication at least as strong as, but sometimes stronger than IFNα. The cytokine showing the highest effect on intracellular total HBV DNA without any cytotoxicity, was interleukin-1β (IL-1β), which is naturally produced by Kupffer cells (KC), representing the macrophages of the liver. Importantly, total HBV RNAs and secreted HBeAg, but nor HBsAg, neither cccDNA, were strongly decreased. Thus, we hypothesized that even if cccDNA was not degraded, specific viral promoters on cccDNA could be silenced. Then, we investigated the mechanism of IL-1β antiviral activity. We have shown that all HBV promoters were early inhibited by IL-1β. In the meantime, we have verified that IL-1β can induce nuclear Translocation and expression of NF-κB. We also checked NF-κB functionality. Thanks to this study, IL-1β has been found to have very potent antiviral effect against HBV in vitro, through the binding of NF-κB on cccDNA
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Saulnier, Aure. "Effet antiviral de siRNA dans des modèles d'infections lytiques et persistantes par des virus à RNA positif." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066083.
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Garnier, Nathalie. "De l'étude du rôle des miARN dans la physiopathologie de l'infection par le SARS-CoV-2 à l'élaboration d'une application clinique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILS035.
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Le coronavirus 2 du syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère (severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2), de la famille Coronaviridae, est responsable de la maladie à coronavirus de 2019 (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19). Malgré la disponibilité de vaccins, en cause dans la fin de l’urgence sanitaire de la COVID-19, la circulation virale du SARS-CoV-2 subsiste ainsi que les recherches sur la compréhension de sa physiopathologie, notamment l’implication et le rôle des microARN (miARN) dans cette infection virale. Les miARN sont des petits ARN non codants régulant l’expression des gènes et connus pour leurs implications dans de nombreuses voies de régulation cellulaire. Récemment, ils se sont révélés l’être également dans l’infection par le SARS-CoV-2. Ces recherches permettraient une meilleure connaissance dans ce domaine et pourraient s’avérer utiles dans le développement de nouveaux diagnostics et de traitements cliniques contre cette infection virale ou d’autres infections de la même famille virale. Ainsi, dans ce projet de recherche, nous avons d’abord caractérisé les miARN cellulaires biomarqueurs de l’infection virale par le SARS-CoV-2 à partir de prélèvements nasopharyngés de patients, qui est le prélèvement recommandé pour le diagnostic de cette infection virale. Nos travaux ont identifié en particulier, des miARN associés à des formes sévères de la COVID-19. Ces derniers ciblent des gènes impliqués dans les infections virales et les réponses antivirales et anti-inflammatoires aux infections virales. Ces potentiels effets antiviraux et anti-inflammatoires des miARN sur l’infection virale par le SARS-CoV-2 n’ont pas pu être démontrés in vitro lors de cette étude. Par la suite, on s’est penché sur l’hypothèse de la dérégulation de la biogénèse des miARN par cette infection virale. On a trouvé aucune sous-expression des ARNm des gènes impliqués de la voie de biogénèse des miARN lors de l’infection par le SARS-CoV-2, que ce soit en ex vivo ou en in vitro. Pour finir, nous avons voulu développer un possible traitement clinique contre l’infection virale par le SARS-CoV-2 ou tout autre pathologie par la délivrance de miARN d’intérêt. Il s’agirait de développer des nanoparticules et des nanomatériaux couplés à des miARN ou autres ARN doubles brins messagers ou non, afin de permettre l’entrée de ces derniers au sein des cellules et rétablir ainsi l’expression basale des gènes impliqués dans l’infection viraleSevere acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a member of the Coronaviridae family, is responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Despite the availability of vaccines that helped end the COVID-19 health emergency, the viral circulation of SARS-CoV-2 remains, as well as research on the understanding of its pathophysiology, in particular the involvement and role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in this viral infection. miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression and are known to be involved in numerous cellular regulatory pathways. Recently, they have also been shown to be involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Such research would provide a better knowledge in this field and could be useful in the development of new diagnoses and clinical treatments against viral infection with SARS-CoV-2 or other infections of the same viral family. Thus, in this research project, we first characterized the cellular miRNA biomarkers of SARS-CoV-2 viral infection from patient nasopharyngeal swabs, which is the first diagnostic tool for this viral infection. In particular, our work has identified miRNAs associated with severe forms of COVID-19. These miRNA target genes involved in viral infections and antiviral and anti-inflammatory responses to viral infections. These potential antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects of miRNAs on SARS-CoV-2 viral infection could not be demonstrated in vitro in this study. Then, the hypothesis of deregulation of miRNA biogenesis by this viral infection was investigated. No under-expression of mRNAs of genes involved in the miRNA biogenesis pathway was found upon infection with SARS-CoV-2, either ex vivo or in vitro. Finally, based on a miRNA of clinical interest, we wanted to develop a possible clinical treatment against viral infection by SARS-CoV-2 or any other pathology through the delivery of miRNAs of interest, in this case antiviral. This would involve developing nanoparticles and nanomaterials coupled to miRNAs or other double-stranded messenger or non-messenger RNAs, to enable the latter to enter cells and thus restore basal expression of the genes involved in viral infection
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Desnues, Valérie. "Antiviraux et anticancéreux par voie percutanée." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05P263.
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Sun, Wai-yin Raymond, and 辛偉賢. "The antitumor and antiviral properties of gold (III) porphyrins and their related complexes." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31245973.
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Aillot, Ludovic. "Effets antiviraux de l'agonisation des Toll-like Récepteurs dans les cellules du foie, une nouvelle stratégie immunothérapeutique dans la lutte contre HBV." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1139/document.
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Le virus de l'hépatite B (HBV) infecte chroniquement près de 240 millions d'individus dans le monde. L'infection chronique par HBV est un souci de santé publique majeur puisque l'infection peut évoluer au cours du temps vers la cirrhose et/ou l'hépatocarcinome (CHC). Malgré l'existence de traitements efficaces à base d'analogues de nucléos(t)ides permettant de diminuer la charge virale chez les patients, ceux-ci nécessitent une prise médicamenteuse à vie. En effet, malgré la diminution importante du risque de développer un cancer du foie, ces traitements ne permettent pas l'élimination définitive du virus. Les cellules infectées par HBV sont les hépatocytes du foie, qui remplissent la majorité des rôles vitaux de cet organe. La formation d'un minichromosome viral au sein de ces cellules infectées appelés ADNccc (pour ADN circulaire-covalemment-clos), est majoritairement responsable de la persistance du HBV. Les traitements actuels utilisés sont principalement des analogues de nucléos(t)ides et ceux-ci n'ont pas ou peu d'effets sur l'ADNccc. La nécessité de développer de nouvelles stratégies antivirales visant à éliminer définitivement HBV a donc conduit de nombreux laboratoires, dont le nôtre, à étudier l'utilisation de stratégies immuno-thérapeutiques incluant des stimulateurs de l'immunité innée (agonistes de TLR7, TLR8, RIG-1.) dans le cadre d'infections chroniques. De nombreuses études ont démontré que l'utilisation de ligands stimulant les récepteurs de l'immunité innée promouvait un fort effet antiviral, médié par la production endogène et locale de cytokines pro-inflammatoires et l'induction de gènes régulés par l'interféron (1SG). Dans ce but, nous nous sommes intéressés plus particulièrement aux potentiels effets antiviraux de l'agonisation des senseurs de l'immunité innée les plus connus, les Toll-like récepteurs (TLR), dans le cadre de l'infection par HBV dans les cellules hépatiques. La stratégie immuno-thérapeutique envisagée, vise à stimuler aussi bien les cellules immunitaires que les hépatocytes infectés. La caractérisation de l'expression de différents senseurs de l'immunité innée, d'une part dans les cellules primaires isolées du foie et d'autre part dans certaines lignées cellulaires correspondantes, nous a permis d'avoir une vue d'ensemble 1) des récepteurs exprimés par les différentes cellules du foie notamment dans les hépatocytes (TLR2/TLR3/TLR4/TLR5) ; 2) d'évaluer la fonctionnalité de ceux-ci pour la production de cytokines (IL-6 ; IP-10) lors de leur agonisation 3) d'évaluer les modèles disponibles parmi les lignées cellulaires les plus proches immunologiquement des cellules hépatiques. Les cellules HepaRG et une nouvelle lignée dérivée des macrophages du foie les iKC par exemple sont plus proches respectivement des hépatocytes et des macrophages primaires hépatiques et sont donc des modèles relevant pour les études immuno-thérapeutiques. L'utilisation de ligands de TLR2 et TLR3 sur des hépatocytes infectés chroniquement par HBV, a montré le plus fort effet antiviral (incluant une médiation par la sécrétion de cytokines et l'induction d'1SG) aussi bien sur la réplication d'HBV que sur l'ADNccc. De plus, cet effet semble stable au cours du temps sans résurgence massive de productions virales. Cette stratégie cible non seulement les hépatocytes infectés, mais également les cellules immunitaires dont les productions cytokiniques ont également un fort effet antiviral. Bien que l'effet in vivo, dans un modèle murin, ait été plus modeste, un ajustement des doses d'agonistes utilisées ainsi qu'un meilleur moyen de délivrance au foie de ligands de TLR2 ou TLR3 pourraient être une stratégie immuno-thérapeutique intéressante. Enfin nous nous sommes intéressés au cas particulier de l'agonisation du TLR9 en présence d'HBV… [etc]HBV chronically infects 240 million peoples around the world. HBV chronic infection is a major public health problem and can lead to cirrhosis or/and hepatocarcinoma (HCC). Even if some efficient treatments are already available, based in particular on the use of nucleos(t)ides analogues that induce a decrease of viral load in patients, these drugs do not lead to a definitive HBV cure They enable an important decrease of liver cancer risk but need to be taken life-long. HBV infects hepatocytes the major liver cells which are involve in many vital mechanisms into the organism. The HBV minichromosome, which is formed into infected cells also called cccDNA (i.e., covalently-closed-circular DNA), is not affected by nucleos(t)ides treatments and thus is responsible for HBV persistence. The use of immune receptors (e.g. Toll-like receptors/TLR) agonists can lead to 1) an important cytokines/interferon (IFN) secretion; 2) promote immune cells activation/recruitment and 3) induction of many Interferon-Stimulated Genes (ISG). These mechanisms could lead to a greater viral clearance by cccDNA degradation or silencing. The need for new strategies to permanently eliminate HBV infection led many laboratories, including ours, to explore the use of immunotherapeutic treatments in a context of chronic infection, including innate immune stimulators (e.g. TLR7, TLR8 or RIG-I agonist are under clinical trials). To this end, we got interested on the potential anti-HBV effects of many TLR agonists in liver cells. Our strategy is to stimulate both infected hepatocytes and immune cells. We first characterized the expression of innate immune sensors in primary liver cells as well as in some liver cell lines. This allowed us to: 1) identify which sensors are expressed by liver cells, especially in hepatocytes (TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5); 2) evaluate their ability to produce cytokines (IL-6, IP-10) upon agonisation; 3) evaluation of cell lines model which are immunologically closed to the primary liver cells. HepaRG and a new liver macrophage cell line call iKC are immunologically close to their primary cells and appear to be relevant models for immune-therapeutics studies. The use of TLR2 and TLR3 agonists on HBV chronically infected hepatocytes showed a strong antiviral effect (i.e., decrease of HBV replication and cccDNA level) mediated directly by NF- kB-inducible and ISG genes activation and indirectly by cytokines secretion. Furthermore, this effect was shown stable over time without any viral replication rebound. This strategy targets not only infected hepatocytes but also immune cells, whose cytokines production also has a strong antiviral effect. Despite a weak in vivo effect in mice, a tuning in agonist doses used and better liver delivery could be an interesting immune-therapeutic strategy. Finally, we were investigated the particular case of TLR9 agonisation in presence of HBV. We showed an interaction between synthetic or not DNA ligands such as CpG ODN and HBV particles. This interaction leads in one hand, to HBV entry inhibition in hepatocytes, on the other hand, to a blockage of ligand delivery to TLR9 in pDC, which is not due to an inhibition of the TLR9 pathway, but to a lack of access of the ligand to its receptor. These two mechanisms are responsible for a decrease of viral infection during its establishment and a decrease in IFN synthesis by pDC, respectively. A decrease in IFN production, which this time was linked to a bona fide inhibition of the TLR9 pathway, in the presence of the sub-viral particles HBsAg was still observed, without retention of TLR9 ligand of the latter. It would seem, therefore, that use of TLR agonists represent an interesting strategy in setting up new anti-HBV immune-therapeutic approaches. However, their improvement will depend on the evaluation of viro-induced inhibitory mechanisms as well as better ways of in vivo delivering these ligands
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Lambour, Jennifer. "Rôle des polynucléaires neutrophiles et du FcgRIV dans les effets vaccinaux induit par immunothérapie antivirale par anticorps monoclonaux." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTT064/document.
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Les anticorps monoclonaux (AcM) sont désormais considérés comme une alternative thérapeutique crédible pour traiter les infections virales graves. Comprendre leurs multiples mécanismes d’action est donc crucial pour améliorer leur effet thérapeutique. En utilisant un modèle d’infection virale chez la souris (leucémie induite par le rétrovirus FrCasE), l’équipe a montré qu’une immunothérapie courte par un AcM neutralisant induisait une immunité antivirale protectrice sur le long-terme (effets « vaccinaux ») qui est dépendante du fragment Fc de l’AcM. Ainsi, des immuns complexes (IC) formés à partir de l’AcM thérapeutique et de déterminants viraux, induisent l’activation de cellules immunitaires, notamment les cellules dendritiques (DCs), via leur interaction avec les FcRs exprimés à la surface des cellules. Cependant, ces interactions IC-FcR peuvent également concerner d’autres cellules du système immunitaire outre que les DCs, telles que les macrophages, monocytes ou bien encore les neutrophiles, qui expriment elles aussi les FcRs à leur surface et ce de façon différentielle. Dans ce contexte, il est important d’identifier quels FcRs et quelles cellules les exprimant sont essentiels à l’induction des effets vaccinaux par les AcM. C’est pourquoi mes travaux thèse se sont focalisés sur l’étude du rôle des neutrophiles et des FcγRs dans la modulation de la réponse immune par les AcM. Cette étude repose sur le caractère Fc-dépendant de l’induction d’une réponse immune protectrice par les AcM ainsi que sur les propriétés immunomodulatrices des neutrophiles, qui ont été décrites dans différents contextes pathologiques mais jamais étudiées dans le cadre d’une immunothérapie antivirale par AcM. Pour cela, j’ai utilisé différentes approches in vitro, ex vivo et in vivo.En utilisant le modèle d’infection par FrCasE, il a été montré que les neutrophiles ainsi que le FcγRIV ont un rôle crucial dans l’induction des effets vaccinaux par les AcM, notamment via l’induction d’une réponse humorale antivirale endogène protectrice à très long-terme. De plus lors d’expériences in vitro, il a également été souligné que les neutrophiles sont plus efficacement activés par les IC comparé au virus seul et que différentes cytokines pro-inflammatoires et/ou immunomodulatrices (telles que le TNF et les intérferons de type I et II) potentialisent l’activation des neutrophiles induite par les IC. Mes travaux ont aussi mis en évidence que l’infection virale et l’immunothérapie modulent l’expression des FcRs, et notamment induisent la surexpression du FcRIV sur deux populations distinctes de neutrophiles (différentiées par le niveau d’expression du marqueur de surface Ly6G: Ly6Ghi et Ly6Gint) et sur les monocytes inflammatoires. Enfin, mes travaux montrent que l’immunothérapie par AcM module les profils de sécrétion chimiokinique et cytokinique de ces 3 types cellulaires surexprimant le FcRIV, bien que la nature des profils de sécrétion varie en fonction du type cellulaire et évolue au cours du temps. Ces résultats suggèrent que l’effet immunomodulateur des AcM repose sur l’activation de différents acteurs de la réponse immunitaire précoce, en induisant la sécrétion de chimiokines et de cytokines nécessaires à l’orchestration de la réponse immune. Ils suggèrent aussi une coopération entre ces différents acteurs dans la mise en place d’une immunité protectrice.Pour finir l’ensemble de mes travaux ont mis en évidence un rôle immunomodulateur clé du FcyRIV, ainsi que des différentes cellules l’exprimant, dans l’induction d’une réponse immune protectrice induite par des AcM antiviraux. Ces révélations pourraient avoir des conséquences importantes dans l'amélioration des immunothérapies à base d'AcMMonoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are now considered as a true therapeutic alternative for treating severe viral infections. Figure out their multiple mechanisms of action is therefore crucial to improve their therapeutic effect. Using a mouse model of viral infection (the FrCasE retrovirus-induced leukemia), the team showed that a short immunotherapy with a neutralizing mAb induces long-term protective antiviral immunity ("vaccine" effects) which is Fc-dependent. Notably, immune complexes (IC) formed with therapeutic mAbs and viral determinants induce the activation of immune cells, especially dendritic cells (DCs) via their interaction with FcγRs expressed on the cell’s surface. However, IC-FcγR interactions can involve different cells of the immune system in addition to DCs, such as macrophages, monocytes or neutrophils, which differentially express FcγRs. In this context, it is important to identify which FcγRs and which FcγR-expressing cells are crucial in the induction of vaccine effects induced by mAbs. It’s the reason why my thesis work has focused on the study of the role of neutrophils and FcγRs in the modulation of immune response by mAbs. This study is based on the Fc-dependent nature of the induction of a protective immune response by mAbs and the immunomodulatory properties of neutrophils, described in different pathological situations but never studied in an mAbs antiviral immunotherapy context. To this end, I used different approaches in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo.By using the FrCasE infection model, it has been shown that neutrophils as well as FcγRIV have a crucial role in the induction of vaccine effects by mAbs, notably via the induction of a long-term protective antiviral humoral response. Moreover the in vitro experiments, highlighted that neutrophils are more effectively activated by IC compared to virus alone and that different pro-inflammatory and/or immunomodulating cytokines (i.e.TNFα and type I and type II interferons) potentiate the activation of neutrophils induced by IC. My work also revealed that viral infection and immunotherapy modulate the expression of different FcγRs, and notably they induce the overexpression of FcγRIV on two distinct populations of neutrophils (differentiated by their expression levels of the Ly6G surface marker: Ly6Ghi and Ly6Gint) and inflammatory monocytes. Finally, my work shows that immunotherapy with Mab modulates the chemokinic and cytokinic secretion profiles of these 3 FcγRIV-over-expressing cell, although the nature of the secretion profiles differs according to the cell type and evolves over time. These results suggest that the immunomodulatory effect of mAbs is based on the activation of different actors of the early immune response by inducing the secretion of chemokines and cytokines necessary for the orchestration of the immune response. They also suggest a potential cooperation between these different actors in the establishment of protective immunity.Altogether, these results show a key immunomodulator role of FcγRIV as well as of different cells expressing it in the induction of a protective immune response by antiviral mAb. They might have important consequences for the improvement of Mab-based immunotherapies
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Silhol, Michelle. "La microinjection dans les cellules somatiques : effet d'agents antiviraux." Montpellier 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON20232.
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Silhol, Michelle. "La Microinjection dans les cellules somatiques effet d'agents antiviraux /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37609920n.
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Ismail-Cassim, Nazeem. "The effect of short chain fatty acids on picornavirus replication." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004090.
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Picornavirus proteins VP1 to VP3 are exposed on the surface of the virus particle whereas VP4 is internal and modified at its amino terminus by the addition of myristic acid (Chow et al., 1987; Paul et al., 1987). Myristic acid occupies a position in the core of mature poliovirus particles; it has been suggested that it may be important for particle integrity or in the localization of the capsid protein precursor on the hydrophobic membranes during virion assembly (Chow et al., 1987). To determine the function of the amino-terminal myristylation of VP4 in picornaviruses, and to establish whether competition for the acylation site is a possible approach to antiviral chemotherapy, the effect of fatty acids on virus replication has been examined. Some fatty acids are able to enter picornavirus-infected cells and compete for the myristylation site on VP4. Unexpectedly, it was found that short chain fatty acids also inhibit an early event in the replication of bovine enterovirus (BEV) at concentrations which have no detectable effect on cellular macromolecular synthesis and cloning. These findings indicate that fatty acids inhibit cell-mediated uncoating. Short chain fatty acids inhibit the replication of bovine enterovirus but are almost ineffective against poliovirus type 1, coxsackievirus B5, encephalomyocarditis virus and human rhinovirus lB. Lauric acid binds to bovine enterovirus, thereby stabilizing the virus particle to heat degradation. Fatty acid-bound virions attach to susceptible cells but fail to undergo cell-mediated uncoating. The inhibitory effect is reversible with chloroform and may result from a hydrophobic interaction between the fatty acid and a specific site on the virus particie.
Books on the topic "Effet antiviral"
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Potential Treatment for Coronavirus Disease: Antiviral Effect of Medicinal Plant Extracts. Lulu Press, Inc., 2020.
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Kulkarni, Kunal, James Harrison, Mohamed Baguneid, and Bernard Prendergast, eds. Gastroenterology. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198729426.003.0008.
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Over the last two decades, there has been a marked improvement in the quality of study design and statistical rigour of gastroenterology studies. However, the complexity of gastroenterological problems has limited the size of the studies. Biological therapy in inflammatory bowel disease has been a therapeutic landmark in therapeutics in gastroenterology, not only for increasing the sophistication in study design, but also for stimulating debate on fundamental goals of therapy. In hepatology, antiviral therapy has established large and robust multinational randomized controlled trials. Interventions in hepatology are now judged by their effect on hard clinical endpoints, including long-term survival. Clinical gastroenterology has matured into a specialty that challenges both the intellect and dexterity. This chapter highlights the evidence base for some of the most crucial developments in gastroenterology.
Book chapters on the topic "Effet antiviral"
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Puchkova, Ludmila, Mohammad Al Farroukh, Ekaterina Ilyechova, and Irina Kiseleva. "213In Vivo Study of Anti-Influenza Effect of Silver Nanoparticles in a Mouse Model." In Viral and Antiviral Nanomaterials, 213–28. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003136644-14.
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Motoike, K., S. Hirano, H. Yamana, Tetsuhiko Onda, T. Maeda, and Motozo Hayakawa. "Effect of Processing Conditions of Dolomite on the Antiviral Activity." In Advanced Materials Research, 1125–28. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-463-4.1125.
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Murreddu, Marta G., Manasa Suresh, Severin O. Gudima, and Stephan Menne. "Measurement of Antiviral Effect and Innate Immune Response During Treatment of Primary Woodchuck Hepatocytes." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 277–94. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6700-1_24.
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dos Santos, André Flores, Mirkos Ortiz Martins, Mariana Zancan Tonel, and Solange Binotto Fagan. "Evaluating the Molecular—Electronic Structure and the Antiviral Effect of Functionalized Heparin on Graphene Oxide Through Ab Initio Computer Simulations and Molecular Docking." In Advances in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, 25–35. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-42715-2_3.
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A. Rakityanskaya, Irina, Tat’jana S. Ryabova, Anastasija A. Kalashnikova, Goar S. Balasaniants, Andrej D. Kaprin, Feliks I. Ershov, Vera V. Kir’janova, et al. "Perspective Chapter: The Role of Interferon Gamma in Clinical Medicine." In Interferon - Immune Metabolism [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.105476.
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Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) is one of the key factors of both innate and adaptive immune response that promotes differentiation of naive CD4+ cells into effector Th1 T cells producing the main mediators of cellular immunity against viral and intracellular bacterial infections, and specific cytotoxic immunity through the interaction of T cells with antigen-presenting cells and macrophage activation. The clinical importance of IFN-γ includes its medical use to treat and prevent various viral and bacterial infections. IFN-γ has a direct antiviral effect on infected cells, activates local infiltrating dendritic cells, macrophages and NK cells, modulates the differentiation and maturation of T and B cells, and enhances inflammation and antiviral functions. Immunoregulatory effect of IFN-γ plays one of the essential roles in the regulation of adaptive immune response in patients with tuberculosis infection and cancer. Producing IFN-γ by T cells increases the efficiency of infiltrated phagocytic cells, by stimulating NO and maintaining local host defense during tuberculosis infection. The direct antitumor effect of IFN-γ revealed in several experimental models has numerous mechanisms for the effect of development. IFN-γ has crucial potential for enhancing any antiviral, antimycobacterial, and specific antitumor therapies.
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Sangeetha, B., E. Adlin Pricilla Vasanthi, and Patil Sneha Rashtrapal. "BASIDIOMYCETOUS FUNGI: A NOVEL AGENT OF ANTIVIRAL AND ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES." In Futuristic Trends in Agriculture Engineering & Food Sciences Volume 3 Book 11, 154–64. Iterative International Publisher, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3bcag11p5ch3.
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Mushrooms (Basidiomycetous and ascomycetous fungi) are sources of several compounds such as secondary metabolites, lectin, lipids, peptides, proteins, and polysaccharides and are widely used for medicinal properties. The important aspect of medicinal mushrooms was evaluated by several researchers. The basidiomycetous fungi have antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, antitherapeutic, antidiabetic, antitumor, antimicrobial, immunoregulative, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Because of this effect, it is used for anti-viral and antibacterial activity against human diseases. Also, some of the researchers found antiviral and antibacterial properties against plant diseases. The use of microbial origins for the management of plant diseases reduces the pollution in the environment and reduces the cost of input during cultural practices. This chapter delivers the importance of medicinal mushrooms against human and plant pathogens.
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Chapman, Anthony RO, and Robert J. Anderson. "Pharmacological and pharmaceutical properties." In Seventeenth International Seaweed Symposium, edited by Valerie J. Vreeland and Ian R. Davison, 159–92. Oxford University PressOxford, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198507420.003.0004.
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Abstract Aqueous extracts from eight species of Hong Kong marine algae were tested for their antiviral activity against Herpes simplex viruses type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2). These extracts were tested for their cytotoxicity by examining their effects on the Vero cells. Their potential anti-HSV activity was evaluated using cytopathogenic effect (CPE) inhibition assay. Among the extracts tested, five (from Caulerpa sp., Corallina sp., Hypnea charoides, Padina arborescens and Sargassum patens) showed some potential activities with very low cytotoxicity to Vero cells and three (from Laurencia japonica, Galaxaura oblongata and Sargassum siliquastrum) had no activity against HSV-1 and HSV-2. The extracts of Sargassum patens and Caulerpa sp. were found to be the most promising with very low ECso, namely 25 µg/ ml against HSV-1 and 12.5 µg/ml against HSV-2. The extract of Sargassum patens was precipitated with ethanol. The dark brown precipitated fraction (designated as SP) showed more potent antiviral activities with EC50 against HSV-1 and HSV-2 clinical strains, being 12.5 µg/ml and 4.7 µg/ml respectively in Vero cells. This SP inhibited CPE formation of both HSV clinical and laboratory strains in Vero cells and HEp-2 cells. This SP also showed good antiviral activity against an HSV-1 acyclovir resistant strain. These results indicate that the extract from Sargassum patens is a promising source of natural antiviral agent against herpes virus.
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Stein, Michael D., and Sandro Galea. "Prescription Against Worry." In The Turning Point, 40–42. Oxford University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197749685.003.0015.
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Abstract This chapter addresses the development and rollout of COVID-19 treatments. These include vaccines and oral antiviral medications. The chapter examines the challenge of getting these medications to populations in need. It also discusses the challenge of testing these medications and developing full side effect profiles in the context of a media ecosystem that does not always make room for nuance.
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Jassey, Alagie, Zuha Imtiyaz, Sheriffo Jassey, Mufeed Imtiyaz, and Saiema Rasool. "Antiviral effects of black seeds: Effect on COVID-19." In Black Seeds (Nigella Sativa), 387–404. Elsevier, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-824462-3.00004-4.
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Wadhwa, Meenu, Christopher Bird, Paula Dilger, Tony Mire-Sluis*, and Robin Thorpe. "Quantitative biological assays for individual cytokines." In Cytokine Cell Biology, 207–40. Oxford University PressOxford, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199638604.003.0013.
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Abstract Cytokines have often been discovered in complex mixtures by observing their effect on a biological system. This usually becomes the definitive property ( or one of several properties) of the cytokine and can become the basis for its bioassay. Cytokine bioassays are based on various biological effects such as cell proliferation, cytotoxic/cytostatic activity, kinetic effects, antiviral activity, colony formation, or induction of secretion of other cytokine/non cytokine molecules (1).
Conference papers on the topic "Effet antiviral"
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Elbashir, Israa, Aisha Aisha Nasser J. M. Al-Saei, Paul Thornalley, and Naila Rabbani. "Evaluation of antiviral activity of Manuka honey against SARS-CoV-2." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2021.0113.
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Background and aims: In 2020 a global pandemic was declared caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). The pandemic is still ongoing and continues to cause considerable mortality and morbidity world-wide and new variants of the virus are emerging. Rapid development and rollout of vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 is in progress to counter the pandemic but has been tempered by the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants, many of which exhibit reduced vaccine effectiveness. To date there is no approved antiviral treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Several studies have shown that Manuka honey has virucidal/antiviral effect. Methylglyoxal (MG), a bioactive component in Manuka honey, has antiviral activity in vitro. MG may modify arginine residues in the functional domains of viral spike and nucleocapsid proteins, resulting in loss of charge, protein misfolding and inactivation. The aim of this study was to characterize the antiviral activity of Manuka honey against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro Materials and methods: Wild-type SARS-CoV-2 with titers of multiplicities of infection (MOI) 0.1 and 0.05 were incubated with 2-fold serial dilutions of 250+ Manuka honey (equivalent to 250 to 31 µM) in infection medium (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium + 2% fetal bovine serum + 100 units/ml penicillin + 100 µg/ml streptomycin) for 3 h. Manuka honey treated and untreated control SARS-CoV-2 was incubated with confluent cultures of Vero cells in vitro for 1 h, cultures washed with phosphate-buffered saline and incubated in fresh infection medium at 37°C for 4 - 5 days until 70% of virus control cells displayed cytopathic effect. We also studied the effect of scavenging MG in Manuka Honey with aminoguanidine (AG; 500 µM) on virucidal activity. The antiviral activity of MG was judged by median tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) assays. Data analysis was by logistic regression. TCID50 (mean ± SD) was deduced by interpolation. Results: Diluted Manuka honey inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication in Vero cells. SARS-CoV-2 was incubated in diluted Manuka honey in medium at 37°C for 3 h before adding to Vero cells. Manuka honey dilutions down to 125 µM MG equivalents completely inhibited cytopathic effect of SARS-CoV-2 whereas 31.25 µM and 62.5 µM MG equivalents had limited effect. Logistic regression and interpolation of the cytopathic effect indicated that the TCID50 = 72 ± 2 µM MG equivalents for MOI of 0.1. Prior scavenging of MG by addition of AG resulted in virus replication levels equivalent to those seen in the virus control without AG. Conclusion: Manuka honey has antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 when incubated with the virus in cell-free media at no greater than ca. 40-fold dilutions of 250+ grade. Anti-viral activity was inhibited by AG, consistent with the anti-viral effect being mediated by MG. Manuka honey dilutions in MG equivalents had similar antiviral effect compared to authentic MG, also consistent with MG content of Manuka honey mediating the antiviral effect. Whilst Manuka honey may inactivate SARS-CoV-2 in cell-free culture medium, its antiviral activity in vivo for other than topical application may be limited because of the rapid metabolism of MG by the glyoxalase system and limited bioavailability of oral MG.
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Kolychikhina, M. S. "Positive effect of preparations with antiviral properties on potato productivity." In Растениеводство и луговодство. Тимирязевская сельскохозяйственная академия, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/978-5-9675-1762-4-2020-111.
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In the small-plot experiment of the Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy against potato viruses in 2014-2019 were tested some kinds of preparations with antiviral activity: Pharmayod, GS (100 g/l of iodine); Immunocytophyte, TAB (20 g/kg arachidonic acid ethyl ester); Ecogel, WS (30 g/l of chitosan lactate); Amulet, TAB (composition of linear polyaminosaccharides (chitosan) in succinic acid solution); Zerox, WS (3000 mg /l colloidal silver); Viron, WS (biostimulant based on urea and citric acid with the addition of essential oils). According to the results of the studies, it was found that, in addition to the effect on the causative agents of viral diseases of potatoes, all tested preparations had a stable tendency to maintain or increase the yield of tubers of infected plants. The increase in the yield of tubers ranged from 0.5 to 1.3 kg/m2. In 2016 under the production conditions of Astrakhan region on the potato variety Impala infected with the PVM + PVS and PVM + PVS + PVY virus complexes a comparative assessment of the effect of Pharmayod and Immunocytophyte revealed a significant increase in the gross and marketable yield of potato plants in the areas with the use of these preparations compared to with control.
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de Koning, Constance. "Antiviral effect of MAU868 against BK virus prompts further research." In ASN Kidney Week 2022, edited by Rachel Giles. Baarn, the Netherlands: Medicom Medical Publishers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55788/73972a7e.
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Abir, Mirazul Mahmud, Yuichi Otsuka, and Yukio Miyashita. "Effects of Composition on Antibacterial and Antiviral Properties of Suspension Plasma-Sprayed Hydroxyapatite/Titania Coating." In ITSC2021, edited by F. Azarmi, X. Chen, J. Cizek, C. Cojocaru, B. Jodoin, H. Koivuluoto, Y. C. Lau, et al. ASM International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2021p0585.
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Abstract This study investigates the effect of composition on the antibacterial and antiviral properties of hydroxyapatite/titania composite coatings deposited by suspension plasma spraying. Hydroxyapatite is a bioceramic material used as a plasma-sprayed coating to promote osseointegration of femoral stems. TiO2 has promising photocatalytic activity and good efficiency in destroying bacteria, viral species, and parasites. Prior to coating, substrates were grit blasted, ultrasonically cleaned, and heated to enhance adhesion strength. The microstructure of the resulting coatings was then characterized using XRD and Raman spectroscopy. Test results indicated that SPS transformed Ti2O3 into TiO2 with mixed phases. Ti4O7 and Ti3O5 phases were also identified, which show photocatalytic activity due to oxygen vacancies. Antibacterial and antiviral tests were conducted as well.
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Pashkovsky, Sergey, Darya Gerne, Aleksandra Zenkova, and Valeria Kurochkina. "Effect of Antiviral Drugs on the Phytoseiulus persimilis Ath.-H. Acariphagus." In Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference The Fifth Technological Order: Prospects for the Development and Modernization of the Russian Agro-Industrial Sector (TFTS 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200113.214.
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Naumenko, Krystyna, Anna Golovan, Galina Baranova, Svitlana Zagorodnya, Anna Gudz, and Yurii Shermolovych. "Antiviral effect of derivatives of triazoles on EBV-associated lymphoblastoid cells." In 4th International Electronic Conference on Medicinal Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecmc-4-05612.
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Golub, Olga, and A. V. Paymulina. "PROSPECTS FOR THE USE OF PEPPERMINT (M. PIPERITA) IN SPECIALIZED FOOD PRODUCTS." In I International Congress “The Latest Achievements of Medicine, Healthcare, and Health-Saving Technologies”. Kemerovo State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/-i-ic-30.
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Objective: to assess the prospects for using peppermint (M. piperita) in the development and production of specialized food products through a content analysis of various sources of information about the biologically active substances contained in it. The bioactive components of M. piperita have a positive effect on the human body, namely: antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, etc.
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Cho, WK, MJ Choi, and JY Ma. "In vitro antiviral effect of Cortex Mori Radicis water extracts against influenza viruses." In 67th International Congress and Annual Meeting of the Society for Medicinal Plant and Natural Product Research (GA) in cooperation with the French Society of Pharmacognosy AFERP. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3400416.
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Sofia, Carmelo, Liam Edgeway, James Parkin, Lareb S. N. Dean, Yihua Wang, Donna E. Davies, Luca Richeldi, Mark G. Jones, and Matthew Loxham. "The effect of air pollution on the antiviral immune response in pulmonary fibrosis." In ERS Congress 2024 abstracts, PA4453. European Respiratory Society, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2024.pa4453.
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Ghanizada, Muzhda, Sofia Malm Tillgren, Mandy Menzel, Louis Praeger-Jahnsen, Nihaya Mahmoud Said, Sisse Ditlev, Nanna Dyhre-Petersen, et al. "Effect of azithromycin on epithelial antiviral immunity in patients with asthma (AZIMUNE-study)." In ERS Congress 2024 abstracts, OA1971. European Respiratory Society, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2024.oa1971.
Full textReports on the topic "Effet antiviral"
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Tang, Jiqin, Gong Zhang, Jinxiao Xing, Ying Yu, and Tao Han. Network Meta-analysis of Heat-clearing and Detoxifying Oral Liquid of Chinese Medicines in Treatment of Children’s Hand-foot-mouth Disease：a protocol for systematic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.1.0032.
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Review question / Objective: The type of study was clinical randomized controlled trial (RCT). The object of study is the patients with HFMD. There is no limit to gender and race. In the case of clear diagnosis standard, curative effect judgment standard and consistent baseline treatment, the experimental group was treated with pure oral liquid of traditional Chinese medicine(A: Fuganlin oral liquid, B: huangzhihua oral liquid, C: Lanqin oral liquid, D: antiviral oral liquid, E: Huangqin oral liquid, F: Pudilan oral liquid, G: Shuanghuanglian oral liquid.)and the control group was treated with ribavirin or any oral liquid of traditional Chinese medicine. The data were extracted by two researchers independently, cross checked and reviewed according to the pre-determined tables. The data extraction content is (1) Basic information (including the first author, published journal and year, research topic). (2) Relevant information (including number of cases, total number of cases, gender, age, intervention measures, course of treatment of the experimental group and the control group in the literature). (3) Design type and quality evaluation information of the included literature. (4) Outcome measures (effective rate, healing time of oral ulcer, regression time of hand and foot rash, regression time of fever, adverse reactions.). The seven traditional Chinese medicine oral liquids are comparable in clinical practice, but their actual clinical efficacy is lack of evidence-based basis. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to use the network meta-analysis method to integrate the clinical relevant evidence of direct and indirect comparative relationship, to make quantitative comprehensive statistical analysis and sequencing of different oral liquid of traditional Chinese medicine with the same evidence body for the treatment of the disease, and then to explore the advantages and disadvantages of the efficacy and safety of different oral liquid of traditional Chinese medicine to get the best treatment plan, so as to provide reference value and evidence-based medicine evidence for clinical optimization of drug selection. Condition being studied: Hand foot mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infectious disease in pediatrics caused by a variety of enteroviruses. Its clinical manifestations are mainly characterized by persistent fever, hand foot rash, oral herpes, ulcers, etc. Because it is often found in preschool children, its immune system development is not perfect, so it is very vulnerable to infection by pathogens and epidemic diseases, resulting in rapid progress of the disease. A few patients will also have neurogenic pulmonary edema Meningitis, myocarditis and other serious complications even lead to death, so effectively improve the cure rate, shorten the course of disease, prevent the deterioration of the disease as the focus of the study. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine has played an important role in the research of antiviral treatment. Many clinical practices have confirmed that oral liquid of traditional Chinese medicine can effectively play the role of antiviral and improve the body's immunity.
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Bunn, Sarah. COVID-19 therapies. Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, April 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.58248/rr34.
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This article was updated on 1 May and again on 6 July. Since its original publication on 17 April, the number of COVID-19 clinical trials has increased from 524 to 2,378. There is no cure for COVID-19. Researchers are testing existing drugs to see if they act against SARS-CoV-2 or alleviate the symptoms of the disease. New drugs are also in development, but this is at a very early stage. Results from trials on existing drugs have already been reported with some positive findings. Dexamethasone is a cheap steroid drug that reduces the risk of death of ventilated patients by 35% and by 20% for patients requiring oxygen therapy. Remdesivir is an antiviral drug; there is good evidence that it can reduce the length of time that hospitalised COVID-19 patients are ill. Negative findings are valuable because they allow researchers to focus on other drugs; there is good evidence that hydroxychloroquine does not offer any benefits to treat COVID-19 patients. Research to see if it might have a protective effect for at-risk groups, such as healthcare workers, is ongoing. There are numerous trials in progress to test a range of drugs that act on the immune system.
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Lapidot, Moshe, and Vitaly Citovsky. molecular mechanism for the Tomato yellow leaf curl virus resistance at the ty-5 locus. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7604274.bard.
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Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is a major pathogen of tomato that causes extensive crop loss worldwide, including the US and Israel. Genetic resistance in the host plant is considered highly effective in the defense against viral infection in the field. Thus, the best way to reduce yield losses due to TYLCV is by breeding tomatoes resistant or tolerant to the virus. To date, only six major TYLCV-resistance loci, termed Ty-1 to Ty-6, have been characterized and mapped to the tomato genome. Among tomato TYLCV-resistant lines containing these loci, we have identified a major recessive quantitative trait locus (QTL) that was mapped to chromosome 4 and designated ty-5. Recently, we identified the gene responsible for the TYLCV resistance at the ty-5 locus as the tomato homolog of the gene encoding messenger RNA surveillance factor Pelota (Pelo). A single amino acid change in the protein is responsible for the resistant phenotype. Pelo is known to participate in the ribosome-recycling phase of protein biosynthesis. Our hypothesis was that the resistant allele of Pelo is a “loss-of-function” mutant, and inhibits or slows-down ribosome recycling. This will negatively affect viral (as well as host-plant) protein synthesis, which may result in slower infection progression. Hence we have proposed the following research objectives: Aim 1: The effect of Pelota on translation of TYLCV proteins: The goal of this objective is to test the effect Pelota may or may not have upon translation of TYLCV proteins following infection of a resistant host. Aim 2: Identify and characterize Pelota cellular localization and interaction with TYLCV proteins: The goal of this objective is to characterize the cellular localization of both Pelota alleles, the TYLCV-resistant and the susceptible allele, to see whether this localization changes following TYLCV infection, and to find out which TYLCV protein interacts with Pelota. Our results demonstrate that upon TYLCV-infection the resistant allele of pelota has a negative effect on viral replication and RNA transcription. It is also shown that pelota interacts with the viral C1 protein, which is the only viral protein essential for TYLCV replication. Following subcellular localization of C1 and Pelota it was found that both protein localize to the same subcellular compartments. This research is innovative and potentially transformative because the role of Peloin plant virus resistance is novel, and understanding its mechanism will lay the foundation for designing new antiviral protection strategies that target translation of viral proteins. BARD Report - Project 4953 Page 2
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F, Verdugo-Paiva, Izcovich A, Ragusa M, and Rada G. Lopinavir/ritonavir for the treatment of COVID-19: A living systematic review protocol. Epistemonikos Interactive Evidence Synthesis, January 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.30846/ies.4f3c02f030.
Full textAbstract:
Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of lopinavir/ritonavir for the treatment of patients with COVID-19. Design This is the protocol of a living systematic review. Data sources We will conduct searches in the [https://app.iloveevidence.com/loves/5e6fdb9669c00e4ac072701d](L.OVE platform for COVID-19), a system that maps PICO questions to a repository maintained through regular searches in electronic databases, preprint servers, trial registries and other resources relevant to COVID-19. No date or language restrictions will be applied. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies and methods We adapted an already published common protocol for multiple parallel systematic reviews to the specificities of this question. We will include randomised trials evaluating the effect of lopinavir/ritonavir— as monotherapy or in combination with other drugs — versus placebo or no treatment in patients with COVID-19. Randomised trials evaluating lopinavir/ritonavir in infections caused by other coronaviruses, such as MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, and non-randomised studies in COVID-19 will be searched in case no direct evidence from randomised trials is found, or if the direct evidence provides low- or very low-certainty for critical outcomes. Two reviewers will independently screen each study for eligibility, extract data, and assess the risk of bias. We will perform random-effects meta-analyses and use GRADE to assess the certainty of the evidence for each outcome. A living, web-based version of this review will be openly available during the COVID-19 pandemic. We will resubmit it if the conclusions change or there are substantial updates. Ethics and dissemination No ethics approval is considered necessary. The results of this review will be widely disseminated via peer-reviewed publications, social networks and traditional media. PROSPERO Registration [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=179212](CRD42020179212) Keywords COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, Coronavirus Infections, Systematic review, lopinavir, lopinavir/ritonavir, antivirals
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F, Verdugo-Paiva, Izcovich A, Ragusa M, and Rada G. Lopinavir/ritonavir for COVID-19: A living systematic review. Epistemonikos Interactive Evidence Synthesis, January 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.30846/ies.4f3c02f030.v1.
Full textAbstract:
Objective Provide a timely, rigorous, and continuously updated summary of the evidence on the role of lopinavir/ritonavir in the treatment of patients with COVID-19. Methods We conducted searches in the special L.OVE (Living OVerview of Evidence) platform for COVID-19, a system that performs regular searches in PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, and other 33 sources. We searched for randomized trials and non-randomized studies evaluating the effect of lopinavir/ritonavir versus placebo or no treatment in patients with COVID-19. Two reviewers independently evaluated potentially eligible studies, according to predefined selection criteria, and extracted data using a predesigned standardized form. We performed meta-analyses using randomeffect models and assessed overall certainty in evidence using the GRADE approach. A living, web-based version of this review will be openly available during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results Our search strategy yielded 862 references. Finally, we identified 12 studies, including two randomized trials, evaluating lopinavir/ritonavir, in addition to standard care versus standard care alone in 250 adult inpatients with COVID-19. The evidence from randomized trials shows lopinavir/ritonavir may reduce mortality (relative risk: 0.77; 95% confidence interval: 0.45 to 1.3; low certainty evidence), but the anticipated magnitude of the absolute reduction in mortality, varies across different risk groups. Lopinavir/ritonavir also had a slight reduction in the risk of requiring invasive mechanical ventilation, developing respiratory failure, or acute respiratory distress syndrome. However, it did not lead to any difference in the duration of hospitalization and may lead to an increase in the number of total adverse effects. The overall certainty of the evidence was low or very low. Conclusions For severe and critical patients with COVID-19, lopinavir/ritonavir might play a role in improving outcomes, but the available evidence is still limited. A substantial number of ongoing studies should provide valuable evidence to inform researchers and decision-makers soon Keywords COVID-19, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, Coronavirus Infections, Systematic review, Lopinavir, Lopinavir/ritonavir, Antivirals
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Chejanovsky, Nor, and Bruce A. Webb. Potentiation of Pest Control by Insect Immunosuppression. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7592113.bard.
Full textAbstract:
The restricted host range of many baculoviruses, highly pathogenic to Lepidoptera and non-pathogenic to mammals, limits their use to single or few closely related Lepidopteran species and is an obstacle to extending their implementation for pest control. The insect immune response is a major determinant of the ability of an insect pathogen to efficiently multiply and propagate. We have developed an original model system to study the Lepidopteran antiviral immune response based on Spodoptera littoralis resistance to AcMNPV (Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus) infection and the fascinating immunosuppressive activity of polydnaviruses .Our aim is to elucidate the mechanisms through which the immunosuppressive insect polydnaviruses promote replication of pathogenic baculoviruses in lepidopteran hosts that are mildly or non-permissive to virus- replication. In this study we : 1- Assessed the extent to which and the mechanisms whereby the immunosuppressive Campoletis sonorensis polydnavirus (CsV) or its genes enhanced replication of a well-characterized pathogenic baculovirus AcMNPV, in polydnavirus-immunosuppressedH. zea and S. littoralis insects and S. littoralis cells, hosts that are mildly or non-permissive to AcMNPV. 2- Identified CsV genes involved in the above immunosuppression (e.g. inhibiting cellular encapsulation and disrupting humoral immunity). We showed that: 1. S. littoralis larvae mount an immune response against a baculovirus infection. 2. Immunosuppression of an insect pest improves the ability of a viral pathogen, the baculovirus AcMNPV, to infect the pest. 3. For the first time two PDV-specific genes of the vankyrin and cystein rich-motif families involved in immunosuppression of the host, namely Pvank1 and Hv1.1 respectively, enhanced the efficacy of an insect pathogen toward a semipermissive pest. 4. Pvank1 inhibits apoptosis of Spodopteran cells elucidating one functional aspect of PDVvankyrins. 5. That Pvank-1 and Hv1.1 do not show cooperative effect in S. littoralis when co-expressed during AcMNPV infection. Our results pave the way to developing novel means for pest control, including baculoviruses, that rely upon suppressing host immune systems by strategically weakening insect defenses to improve pathogen (i.e. biocontrol agent) infection and virulence. Also, we expect that the above result will help to develop systems for enhanced insect control that may ultimately help to reduce transmission of insect vectored diseases of humans, animals and plants as well as provide mechanisms for suppression of insect populations that damage crop plants by direct feeding.