Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Effet antiviral'
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Isorce, Nathalie. "Du criblage de l’activité antivirale de divers interférons et cytokines pro-inflammatoires contre HBV, vers la description du mécanisme antiviral de l’interleukine-1β dépendant de NF-κB." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10130.
Full textIn HBV-infected patients, therapies with nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) or interferon α (IFNα) remain ineffective in eradicating the infection, because of a persistent form of HBV DNA, namely the covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), which is organized as a minichromosome. Our aim was to revisit the anti-HBV activity of a panel of IFNs and pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro using nontransformed cultured hepatocytes of HBV infection, to identify new immunotherapeutic options. Amongst all molecules tested, IFNβ, IFNγ, IFNλ, TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β and tenofovir showed a suppressive effect on HBV replication at least as strong as, but sometimes stronger than IFNα. The cytokine showing the highest effect on intracellular total HBV DNA without any cytotoxicity, was interleukin-1β (IL-1β), which is naturally produced by Kupffer cells (KC), representing the macrophages of the liver. Importantly, total HBV RNAs and secreted HBeAg, but nor HBsAg, neither cccDNA, were strongly decreased. Thus, we hypothesized that even if cccDNA was not degraded, specific viral promoters on cccDNA could be silenced. Then, we investigated the mechanism of IL-1β antiviral activity. We have shown that all HBV promoters were early inhibited by IL-1β. In the meantime, we have verified that IL-1β can induce nuclear Translocation and expression of NF-κB. We also checked NF-κB functionality. Thanks to this study, IL-1β has been found to have very potent antiviral effect against HBV in vitro, through the binding of NF-κB on cccDNA
Saulnier, Aure. "Effet antiviral de siRNA dans des modèles d'infections lytiques et persistantes par des virus à RNA positif." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066083.
Full textGarnier, Nathalie. "De l'étude du rôle des miARN dans la physiopathologie de l'infection par le SARS-CoV-2 à l'élaboration d'une application clinique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILS035.
Full textSevere acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a member of the Coronaviridae family, is responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Despite the availability of vaccines that helped end the COVID-19 health emergency, the viral circulation of SARS-CoV-2 remains, as well as research on the understanding of its pathophysiology, in particular the involvement and role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in this viral infection. miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression and are known to be involved in numerous cellular regulatory pathways. Recently, they have also been shown to be involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Such research would provide a better knowledge in this field and could be useful in the development of new diagnoses and clinical treatments against viral infection with SARS-CoV-2 or other infections of the same viral family. Thus, in this research project, we first characterized the cellular miRNA biomarkers of SARS-CoV-2 viral infection from patient nasopharyngeal swabs, which is the first diagnostic tool for this viral infection. In particular, our work has identified miRNAs associated with severe forms of COVID-19. These miRNA target genes involved in viral infections and antiviral and anti-inflammatory responses to viral infections. These potential antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects of miRNAs on SARS-CoV-2 viral infection could not be demonstrated in vitro in this study. Then, the hypothesis of deregulation of miRNA biogenesis by this viral infection was investigated. No under-expression of mRNAs of genes involved in the miRNA biogenesis pathway was found upon infection with SARS-CoV-2, either ex vivo or in vitro. Finally, based on a miRNA of clinical interest, we wanted to develop a possible clinical treatment against viral infection by SARS-CoV-2 or any other pathology through the delivery of miRNAs of interest, in this case antiviral. This would involve developing nanoparticles and nanomaterials coupled to miRNAs or other double-stranded messenger or non-messenger RNAs, to enable the latter to enter cells and thus restore basal expression of the genes involved in viral infection
Desnues, Valérie. "Antiviraux et anticancéreux par voie percutanée." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05P263.
Full textSun, Wai-yin Raymond, and 辛偉賢. "The antitumor and antiviral properties of gold (III) porphyrins and their related complexes." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31245973.
Full textAillot, Ludovic. "Effets antiviraux de l'agonisation des Toll-like Récepteurs dans les cellules du foie, une nouvelle stratégie immunothérapeutique dans la lutte contre HBV." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1139/document.
Full textHBV chronically infects 240 million peoples around the world. HBV chronic infection is a major public health problem and can lead to cirrhosis or/and hepatocarcinoma (HCC). Even if some efficient treatments are already available, based in particular on the use of nucleos(t)ides analogues that induce a decrease of viral load in patients, these drugs do not lead to a definitive HBV cure They enable an important decrease of liver cancer risk but need to be taken life-long. HBV infects hepatocytes the major liver cells which are involve in many vital mechanisms into the organism. The HBV minichromosome, which is formed into infected cells also called cccDNA (i.e., covalently-closed-circular DNA), is not affected by nucleos(t)ides treatments and thus is responsible for HBV persistence. The use of immune receptors (e.g. Toll-like receptors/TLR) agonists can lead to 1) an important cytokines/interferon (IFN) secretion; 2) promote immune cells activation/recruitment and 3) induction of many Interferon-Stimulated Genes (ISG). These mechanisms could lead to a greater viral clearance by cccDNA degradation or silencing. The need for new strategies to permanently eliminate HBV infection led many laboratories, including ours, to explore the use of immunotherapeutic treatments in a context of chronic infection, including innate immune stimulators (e.g. TLR7, TLR8 or RIG-I agonist are under clinical trials). To this end, we got interested on the potential anti-HBV effects of many TLR agonists in liver cells. Our strategy is to stimulate both infected hepatocytes and immune cells. We first characterized the expression of innate immune sensors in primary liver cells as well as in some liver cell lines. This allowed us to: 1) identify which sensors are expressed by liver cells, especially in hepatocytes (TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5); 2) evaluate their ability to produce cytokines (IL-6, IP-10) upon agonisation; 3) evaluation of cell lines model which are immunologically closed to the primary liver cells. HepaRG and a new liver macrophage cell line call iKC are immunologically close to their primary cells and appear to be relevant models for immune-therapeutics studies. The use of TLR2 and TLR3 agonists on HBV chronically infected hepatocytes showed a strong antiviral effect (i.e., decrease of HBV replication and cccDNA level) mediated directly by NF- kB-inducible and ISG genes activation and indirectly by cytokines secretion. Furthermore, this effect was shown stable over time without any viral replication rebound. This strategy targets not only infected hepatocytes but also immune cells, whose cytokines production also has a strong antiviral effect. Despite a weak in vivo effect in mice, a tuning in agonist doses used and better liver delivery could be an interesting immune-therapeutic strategy. Finally, we were investigated the particular case of TLR9 agonisation in presence of HBV. We showed an interaction between synthetic or not DNA ligands such as CpG ODN and HBV particles. This interaction leads in one hand, to HBV entry inhibition in hepatocytes, on the other hand, to a blockage of ligand delivery to TLR9 in pDC, which is not due to an inhibition of the TLR9 pathway, but to a lack of access of the ligand to its receptor. These two mechanisms are responsible for a decrease of viral infection during its establishment and a decrease in IFN synthesis by pDC, respectively. A decrease in IFN production, which this time was linked to a bona fide inhibition of the TLR9 pathway, in the presence of the sub-viral particles HBsAg was still observed, without retention of TLR9 ligand of the latter. It would seem, therefore, that use of TLR agonists represent an interesting strategy in setting up new anti-HBV immune-therapeutic approaches. However, their improvement will depend on the evaluation of viro-induced inhibitory mechanisms as well as better ways of in vivo delivering these ligands
Lambour, Jennifer. "Rôle des polynucléaires neutrophiles et du FcgRIV dans les effets vaccinaux induit par immunothérapie antivirale par anticorps monoclonaux." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTT064/document.
Full textMonoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are now considered as a true therapeutic alternative for treating severe viral infections. Figure out their multiple mechanisms of action is therefore crucial to improve their therapeutic effect. Using a mouse model of viral infection (the FrCasE retrovirus-induced leukemia), the team showed that a short immunotherapy with a neutralizing mAb induces long-term protective antiviral immunity ("vaccine" effects) which is Fc-dependent. Notably, immune complexes (IC) formed with therapeutic mAbs and viral determinants induce the activation of immune cells, especially dendritic cells (DCs) via their interaction with FcγRs expressed on the cell’s surface. However, IC-FcγR interactions can involve different cells of the immune system in addition to DCs, such as macrophages, monocytes or neutrophils, which differentially express FcγRs. In this context, it is important to identify which FcγRs and which FcγR-expressing cells are crucial in the induction of vaccine effects induced by mAbs. It’s the reason why my thesis work has focused on the study of the role of neutrophils and FcγRs in the modulation of immune response by mAbs. This study is based on the Fc-dependent nature of the induction of a protective immune response by mAbs and the immunomodulatory properties of neutrophils, described in different pathological situations but never studied in an mAbs antiviral immunotherapy context. To this end, I used different approaches in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo.By using the FrCasE infection model, it has been shown that neutrophils as well as FcγRIV have a crucial role in the induction of vaccine effects by mAbs, notably via the induction of a long-term protective antiviral humoral response. Moreover the in vitro experiments, highlighted that neutrophils are more effectively activated by IC compared to virus alone and that different pro-inflammatory and/or immunomodulating cytokines (i.e.TNFα and type I and type II interferons) potentiate the activation of neutrophils induced by IC. My work also revealed that viral infection and immunotherapy modulate the expression of different FcγRs, and notably they induce the overexpression of FcγRIV on two distinct populations of neutrophils (differentiated by their expression levels of the Ly6G surface marker: Ly6Ghi and Ly6Gint) and inflammatory monocytes. Finally, my work shows that immunotherapy with Mab modulates the chemokinic and cytokinic secretion profiles of these 3 FcγRIV-over-expressing cell, although the nature of the secretion profiles differs according to the cell type and evolves over time. These results suggest that the immunomodulatory effect of mAbs is based on the activation of different actors of the early immune response by inducing the secretion of chemokines and cytokines necessary for the orchestration of the immune response. They also suggest a potential cooperation between these different actors in the establishment of protective immunity.Altogether, these results show a key immunomodulator role of FcγRIV as well as of different cells expressing it in the induction of a protective immune response by antiviral mAb. They might have important consequences for the improvement of Mab-based immunotherapies
Silhol, Michelle. "La microinjection dans les cellules somatiques : effet d'agents antiviraux." Montpellier 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON20232.
Full textSilhol, Michelle. "La Microinjection dans les cellules somatiques effet d'agents antiviraux /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37609920n.
Full textIsmail-Cassim, Nazeem. "The effect of short chain fatty acids on picornavirus replication." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004090.
Full textMeza, Benjamin. "The Effect of Cell Type on the Efficacy of CMV Antiviral Drugs." VCU Scholars Compass, 2008. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1567.
Full textMcGraw, Thomas L. (Thomas Lee). "The Effect of N, N Bis (ethylene)-P (1-adamantyl) Phosphonic Diamide on Rous Sarcoma Virus." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1988. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc501033/.
Full textMarin, Brianna. "Determining the antiviral effect of HSP70 inhibitor, KNK437, by a time-dependent analysis." Walsh University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=walshhonors1555516450619539.
Full textLatham, Sally. "Proteomics to investigate hepatitis C virus infection and the effect of antiviral liposomes on host cells." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.547603.
Full textBéchard-Dubé, Steffi-Anne. "Effets de l'environnement lumineux et de l'âge foliaire sur la croissance, la capacité photosynthétique et la production protéique chez Nicotiana benthamiana." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26972.
Full textCette étude visait à caractériser la croissance, la capacité photosynthétique, la concentration en azote et protéines totales solubles, la production de protéines recombinantes (HA) ainsi que la quantité de lumière interceptée à différents stades de développement de plants de Nicotiana benthamiana afin d’optimiser la production de vaccins. L’évolution des réponses physiologiques étudiées fut similaire chez toutes les feuilles primaires, suggérant que le processus de sénescence s’initie et progresse de façon semblable indépendamment de leur ordre d’initiation. Toutefois, la superposition des patrons temporels de sénescence et de croissance foliaire a mené à un rendement HA maximal se situant invariablement dans la partie médiane du plant lorsqu’exprimé sur une base foliaire. À l’échelle du plant entier, nos résultats suggèrent qu’il est possible d’augmenter la production de vaccins en récoltant les plants à un stade de développement plus tardif, ou en augmentant la densité de culture et en récoltant ces plants plus tôt.
Nicotiana benthamiana is a wild relative of tobacco increasingly used as a plant protein expression platform to produce recombinant vaccine antigens against the influenza virus. Investigation on the physiological determinants of this production is essential to optimize and regulate vaccines production following a new flu outbreak. We examined the photosynthetic photon flux density, growth, light-saturated photosynthesis, total soluble protein, nitrogen content and recombinant protein production at different phenological stages. The similar evolution of the studied physiological responses suggested that the senescence process is initiated and progresses in a similar way in all primary leaves, regardless of the order of initiation. In contrast, the superposition of the time pattern of senescence with that of leaf growth shows that maximal HA yield expressed on a leaf basis is invariably located in the middle part of the plant. At the whole plant scale, our results suggest that it is possible to increase the production of antigens by harvesting plants at a later developmental stage, or by increasing plant density and harvesting these plants earlier.
COUFFIN, ANNE CLAUDE. "Association du poly(l-lysine citramide) avec une antiprotease du vih et evaluation de l'activite antivirale sur cellules infectees." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20036.
Full textRocquigny, Hugues de. "Caractérisation moléculaire des domaines fonctionnels des nucléoprotéines NCp7 et NCp10 des rétrovirus HIV-1 et MoMuLV : synthèse chimique, études biochimique et structurale." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05P630.
Full textSomasundaram, Balaji. "A surface plasmon resonance assay to determine the effect of influenza neuraminidase mutations on its affinity with antiviral drugs." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Chemical and Process Engineering, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9183.
Full textBodaghi, Bahram. "Strategies d'echappement du cytomegalovirus humain aux effets antiviraux des cytokines et des chimiokines." Paris 7, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA077185.
Full textTrout, Hervé. "Pharmacocinétique de population et absorption digestive de médicaments du SIDA : application aux antiviraux et médicaments associés." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05P605.
Full textGad, Hans Henrik. "Resistance of Chikungunya virus towards the antiviral effect of human 2',5'- oligoadenylate synthetase 3 involves the envelope E2 protein." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077068.
Full textChikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus that has reemerged within the last decade and caused a series of epidemics of unprecedented scale in Africa and Asia. We have previously reported that the interferon-inducible 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 3 (OAS3) exerts potent antiviral activity against CHIKV in human epithelial cells by preventing accumulation of viral RIMA in infected cells. In this study, we investigated whether CHIKV may evolve strategies to circumvent the antiviral effect of OAS3. Through serial passage of a clinical isolate of CHIKV on OAS3-expressing cells, we identified a CHIKV variant which showed remarkable resistance towards OAS3. Analysis of its genomic RNA identified only two unique amino acid substitutions in the nonstructural nsP2 protein and the envelope E2 glycoprotein. Using a molecular clone of CHIKV expressing Renilla luciferase, we showed that only the change from Glu to Lys at position E2-166 was able to rescue viral growth in human cells expressing OAS3. Study of viral growth in human myoblasts, a host cell associated to the pathogenesis of Chikungunya disease, showed that CHIKV bearing Lys in E2-166 was more efficient at replicating in these cells when compared to wild-type virus. The greater efficiency of viral growth in myoblasts was associated with a robust phosphorylation of PKR and elF2a followed by more pronounced apoptotic cell death. Our data suggest that the Glu166Lys substitution in E2 enables CHIKV subversion of OAS3 by promoting viral growth in human cells rather than acting as an antagonist of PAS
Amankwaah, Collins. "Incorporation of selected plant extracts into edible chitosan films and the effect on the antiviral, antibacterial and mechanical properties of the material." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1366220367.
Full textKlages, Michael [Verfasser]. "Der antivirale Effekt des T-Zell-Zytokins Interleukin-26 auf die Infektion mit dem humanen Cytomegalovirus / Michael Klages." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1111558663/34.
Full textNizamani, Zaheer Ahmed. "Délivrance in vivo de siRNA et évaluation de leur effet antivirale contre le virus de la peste des petits ruminants (PPRV)." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20100/document.
Full textRNA interference (RNAi) is the process of mRNA degradation that is induced by double-stranded RNA in a sequence-specific manner. RNAi has a potential of developing into an effective and specific antiviral therapy if small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) can be efficiently delivered in vivo. Morbillivirus genus includes important pathogens of humans and animals, which include measles virus, peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) and rinderpest virus. No treatment exists for morbillivirus diseases. The aim of this work was the in vivo delivery of siRNA against PPRV infection. The delivery of siRNA by a liposome and short hairpin RNA (shRNA) by means of a replication deficient adenovirus was tested in goats which were later challenged with PPRV. However, significant therapeutic effects were not obtained. To find more efficient vectors, the PPRV inhibition efficiency of recombinant replication deficient adenovirus and a baculovirus expressing shRNA against nucleoprotein of PPRV were compared in vitro. The baculoviral vector was found to be more efficient. Similarly, two cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) were also compared and PepFect6 (PF6) could deliver siRNA NPPRV1 effectively in vitro resulting in an almost complete inhibition of N gene expression by PPRV. Another CPP, the PF14 though with lower transfection efficiency in vitro, was found to be relatively serum resistant compared to PF6. A small animal model for PPRV infection does not exist. Due to economic, ethical, and biosecurity issues involved with use of small ruminants, a strategy based on the use of a non-infectious mouse model and a dynamic follow up of siRNA treatment by live imaging was developed. We show in this work that it is possible to measure and standardize the expression of a bioluminescent reporter gene containing a PPRV sequence and thus, to quantify a down-regulation of such gene by siRNA against PPRV. After some calibration, siRNA delivery can now be tested in this mouse model for comparing various delivery vectors in vivo
Oladunni, Fatai S. "MECHANISMS OF TYPE-I IFN INHIBITION: EQUINE HERPESVIRUS-1 ESCAPE FROM THE ANTIVIRAL EFFECT OF TYPE-1 INTERFERON RESPONSE IN HOST CELL." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/gluck_etds/43.
Full textVanden, Broecke Catherine G. "Evaluation des effets biologiques de l'interféron dans l'espèce bovine: activité antivirale et induction de la 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213523.
Full textMeunier, Thomas. "Étude des mécanismes d’action de nouveaux inhibiteurs de coronavirus humains." Thesis, Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LILUS057.
Full textCoronaviruses are enveloped RNA viruses infecting mammals and birds. Four coronaviruses causing mild diseases, like common cold, have been described in human, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-HKU1. During the last two decades, three new, highly pathogenic coronaviruses have been identified the SARS-CoV (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrom) in 2003, the MERS-CoV (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) in 2012 and recently the SARS-CoV-2 in December 2019. The COVID-19 global outbreak caused by SARS-CoV-2, highlighted the lack of specific antiviral available against this family of virus. The team of Dr Karin SERON from the Cellular and Molecular Virology laboratory of the Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, is specialized in the identification of antiviral compounds from natural origin. Indeed, plants are a source of natural therapeutic compounds and many plants are still being used in traditional medicine. The aim of my thesis was to identify natural antiviral agents against highly pathogenic human coronaviruses with the help of the knowledge and tools developed by the laboratory. My first project was carried out in collaboration with the group of Dr Simon Bordage from the Pharmacognosy laboratory of the Faculty of Pharmacy of Lille directed by Pr Sevser Sahpaz. Plant extracts from Ivorian plants used it traditional medicine were tested against the coronavirus HCoV-229E and we selected the most active, the Mallotus oppositifollius extract. After bio-guided fractionation, the active compound was isolated and characterized, the pheophorbide a (Pba). Pba is able to inhibit the infection of HCoV-229E and highly pathogenic coronaviruses MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 (IC50 = 0.18 μM) as well as other enveloped viruses using a photo-dynamic inactivation mechanism. Pba targets the viral envelop and inhibits the fusion step. Pba is the first described natural antiviral against SARS-CoV-2 with direct photosensitive virucidal activity. This molecule could potentially be used in therapy or as disinfectant. My second project was about an anthocyanidin, the delphinidin, identified in the laboratory for its antiviral activity against hepatitis C virus. We showed that delphinidin is an entry inhibitor of coronaviruses in a dose-dependent manner for HCoV-229E, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 (IC50 = 16-20 μM). Our results show that delphinidin targets the glycosylation sites on the surface protein S. Thanks to a collaboration with the laboratory of Medicinal and Bioorganic Chemistry of Strasbourg, led by Dr Mourad Elhabiri, delphinidin synthetic derivates were screened in order to identify compounds with higher antiviral capacities. We thereby identify an active compound against HCoV-229E with a lower IC50 than delphinidin (IC50 = 0.06 μM). Surprisingly, its mechanism of action seems to be different than delphinidin with an activity at the replication step.In conclusion, during my thesis I was able to identify new natural antivirals against human coronaviruses, and in particular SARS-CoV-2, with novel mechanisms of action. This work may serve as a basis for obtaining molecules that can be used in the future for the treatment of coronavirus diseases
Bisbal, Catherine. "Synthèse d'analogues du 2'-5' oligoadénylate, étude de leurs effets antiviraux après vectorisation dans les cellules." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375960595.
Full textEloy, Ygor Raphael Gomes. "CaracterizaÃÃo fÃsico-quÃmica e estrutural de polissacarÃdeos obtidos de folhas da planta Aloe barbadensis Miller e avaliaÃÃo de suas atividades antiviral e anti-hemorrÃgica." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8537.
Full textFundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico
Este trabalho teve como objetivos caracterizar fÃsico-quÃmica e estruturalmente polissacarÃdeos obtidos de folhas de Aloe barbadensis e avaliar suas atividades antiviral, anti-hemorrÃgica e prÃ-coagulante e possÃveis sinais de toxicidade. Foi realizada extraÃÃo aquosa de polissacarÃdeos totais (PT) de A. barbadensis, seguido de precipitaÃÃo por etanol e remoÃÃo dos contaminantes proteicos com TCA. A cromatografia em DEAE-celulose foi eficiente no fracionamento dos PT, onde foram obtidas as fraÃÃes PI e PII. A caracterizaÃÃo fÃsico-quÃmica mostrou que a fraÃÃo PI à composta por manose (78,4%), glucose (7,3%), galactose (2,1%), fucose (2,8%) e Ãcidos urÃnicos (10,0%), e isenta de grupos Ãster sulfato. Enquanto, a fraÃÃo PII à constituÃda por manose (39,2%), glucose (22,2%), galactose (26,3%), arabinose (3,8%), xilose (1,1%), Ãcidos urÃnicos (8,0%) e grupos Ãster sulfato (12,0%). Na revelaÃÃo das bandas polissacarÃdicas da fraÃÃo PII, obtidas por PAGE e gel de agarose corados com stainsall foi constatado a presenÃa de duas bandas que apresentaram diferentes coloraÃÃes, roxa e ciana, correspondentes a presenÃa de grupos sulfato e carboxilados, respectivamente. Na anÃlise estrutural das fraÃÃes PI e PII, por espectroscopia no IR, foi demonstrado que a fraÃÃo PI apresenta unidades monossacarÃdicas de Ã-manose O-acetiladas (812,2 e 960 onda.cm-1) e Ãcidos urÃnicos neutros (1738 onda.cm-1) em sua estrutura. Diferentemente, a fraÃÃo PII, mostrou-se ser constituÃda por unidades monossacarÃdicas de manose (1014,7 onda.cm-1), galactose (1078,2 onda.cm-1), Ãcidos urÃnicos carregados negativamente (1635 onda.cm-1) e Ãster sulfato (1329,5 e 1260,9 onda.cm-1). Na avaliaÃÃo estrutural da fraÃÃo PII por RMN foi comprovado à presenÃa do grupo Ãster sulfato. Em relaÃÃo Ãs atividades biolÃgicas, o teste de citotoxicidade mostrou que os PT e as fraÃÃes PI e PII nÃo apresentaram toxicidade para a maioria das cÃlulas testadas e nÃo foram eficientes na inibiÃÃo de vÃrus nÃo envelopados Ad-19 e Ad-41. No entanto, os PT e a fraÃÃo PI foram capazes de inibir a infecÃÃo causada por HSV-1 e HSV-2. Em ensaios com metapneumovÃrus (HMPV), a fraÃÃo PII apresentou atividade antiviral superior à ribavirina. Embora os PT e as fraÃÃes PI e PII nÃo terem apresentado atividade contra dengue vÃrus sorotipo 1 (DENV-1), os PT puderam inibir a hemorragia em ratos, diminuindo o tempo de sangramento e o tempo de protrombina. Os PT nÃo apresentaram toxicidade em camundongos, mas aumentaram o tamanho do baÃo e o nÃmero de plaquetas sanguÃneas. Pode ser concluÃdo que extratos foliares de A. barbadensis podem apresentar polissacarÃdeos neutros ou carregados negativamente por grupos carboxilados/sulfatados. Em adiÃÃo, alÃm de apresentar atividade inibitÃria contra os vÃrus HSV-1, HSV-2 e HMPV, podem tambÃm apresentar efeito anti-hemorrÃgico e prÃcoagulante, propriedades essas, importantes, visto que a complicaÃÃo de muitas viroses leva a quadros hemorrÃgicos. AlÃm disso, os PT de A. barbadensis nÃo apresentaram toxicidade expressiva, podendo ser utilizada como agente terapÃutico seguro e eficaz.
The aim of this study was to investigate the physicochemical and structural parameters of polysaccharides obtained from Aloe barbadensis leaves and to evaluate the antiviral and cytotoxic activities and procoagulant, anti-bleeding effects. In addition, toxicological analysis was carried out. The pulp was submitted to aqueous extraction (70 ÂC) and the total polysaccharides (PT) obtained by ethanol precipitation, TCA was used to remove the protein contamination. The fractionation of PT with DEAE-celulose resulted in two fractions (PI and PII). The physicochemical characterization showed that PI fraction presents mannose (78,4%), glucose (7,3%), galactose (2,1%), fucose (2,8%) and uronic acid (10,0%). Sulfate esters were not detected in PI fraction. On the other hand, PII fraction presents the monosaccharides mannose (39,2%), glucose (22,2%), galactose (26,3%), arabinose (3,8%), xylose (1,1%), uronic acids (8,0%) and sulfate esters groups (12,0%). The polysaccharidics of PII obtained by PAGE and agarose gel electrophoresis were revealed with toluidine blue and stainsall dye showing the presence of two different bands, one purple (indicative of sulfate) and another cyan (indicative of carboxilated groups). Structural analysis of PI and PII fractions by IR spectroscopy demonstrated that PI fraction is composed of residues of Ã-mannose O-acetylated (812.2 and 960 cm-1) and uronic acids (1738 cm-1). In contrast, the PII fraction is composed of mannose (1014.7 cm-1), galactose (1078.2 cm-1), negatively charged uronic acids (1635 cm-1) and sulfate ester (1329.5 and 1260.9 cm-1). These results corroborate with NMR analyses that suggest the presence of sulfate groups in PII structure. The cytotoxicity evaluation showed that PT and the fractions PI and PII did not show toxicity against most of tested cells and the same fractions were not effective against non-enveloped virus (Ad 19 and Ad 41) inhibition. However, the PT and PI fraction were able to inhibit the infection caused by HSV-1 and HSV-2. In addition, PII fraction presents antiviral activity against metapneumovirus. Although the PT and the fractions PI and PII did not show activity against dengue virus serotype 1 (DENV-1), PT could inhibit the bleeding effects in rats, reducing the bleeding and prothrombin time. The PT showed no toxicity in mice, but increased spleen size and number of blood platelets. In conclusion, A. barbadensis leaves contain neutral or negatively charged carboxylated/sulfated polysaccharides. In addition, besides having inhibitory activity against HSV-1, HSV-2 and HMPV, they can also anti-bleeding and procoagulant effect. Moreover, the PT of A. barbadensis showed no significant toxicity and can be used as a safe and effective therapeutic agent.
Madelain, Vincent. "Modélisation de l’effet du favipiravir sur la dynamique viro-immunologique de la maladie à virus Ebola et implications pour son évaluation clinique." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC049.
Full textIn spite of recurrent outbreaks, no therapeutics with demonstrated clinical efficacy are available in Ebola virus disease. Based on experimentations performed by Reaction! Consortium in mice and macaques, this thesis aimed to characterize the effect of an antiviral drug, favipiravir, using mechanistic mathematical models of the infection and associated immune response. The approach to build models and estimate parameters relied on nonlinear mixed effect models. The first project of this thesis explored the concentration-effect relationship on the viremia in mice. Then, a second project allowed to characterize the pharmacokinetics of favipiravir in macaques, underlying dose and time non linearity, and to identify relevant dosing regimen for efficacy experiments in infected animals. Once these experiments completed, the integration of the virological and immunological data into a mechanistic joint model shed light on the effect of favipiravir. The moderate inhibition of the viral replication resulting from the favipiravir plasma concentrations was enough to limit the development of a deleterious inflammatory response, and thus improve the survival rate of treated macaques. Simulations performed with this model underlined the crucial impact of the treatment initiation delay on survival. These results encourage the pursuit of the clinical evaluation of favipiravir in prophylaxis or post exposure trials. Finally, a last project demonstrated the lack of benefit of ribavirin addition to favipiravir in Ebola virus disease
Biziagos, Evangélos. "Virus de l'hépatite A, méthodes d'étude dans les milieux hydriques : effet de substances antivirales sur la multiplication in vitro." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO10192.
Full textBiziagos, Evangélos. "Virus de l'hépatite A méthodes d'étude dans les milieux hydriques : effet de substances antivirales sur la multiplication in vitro /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37611956x.
Full textBenedetti, Natália Augusto [UNESP]. "Avaliação da atividade antiviral dos compostos do esmalte de unha (acetato de etila e acetato de butila) no herpesvírus bovino tipo 5." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/137910.
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O Sistema de Vigilância Sanitária da Itália detectou 445 casos de hepatite B e 69 de hepatite C, relacionados aos tratamentos de beleza. Fato esse alarmante, pois, os cuidados com a aparência, têm levado a população a buscar os padrões de beleza estabelecidos pela mídia. Destacando-se que os salões de beleza no Brasil estão cada vez mais comuns com a atuação dos profissionais de manicure e pedicure. Entretanto, os produtos cosméticos necessitam de uma avaliação da qualidade sanitária, ou seja, testes que indicam a quantidade de micro-organismos viáveis em cada amostra. Pois, evidências mostram a sobrevivência dos Trichophytonrubrum, Trichopyton mentagrophytes, Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis no esmalte de unha. Todavia, a composição e a fabricação do esmalte são pouco conhecidas, devido várias etapas estarem envolvidas na produção dos esmaltes de unhas comuns. Objetivo: Avaliar a ação dos solventes presentes no esmalte de unha, o acetato de etila e o acetato de butila, sobre o herpes vírus bovino tipo 5. Método: Realizou ensaios da atividade antiviral nas diferentes fases do ciclo replicativo com os solventes, acetato de etila e o acetato de butila. Resultados: No pré-tratamento, não houve replicação viral no acetato de etila a partir da diluição 10-6 e no acetato de butila 10-5 . No póstratamento não houve replicação viral no acetato de etila a partir da diluição 10-7 e no acetato de butila 10-5 e na inativação viral, tanto o acetato de etila como o butila, após 48 e 72 horas, todas as diluições apresentaram replicação viral, 10-1 a 10-10 . Discussão: Apesar de não identificar na literatura relatos específicos sobre solventes acetato de etila e acetato de butila na atividade antiviral, o presente estudo evidenciou que apesar de pouca diferença entre as diluições sequenciais desses solventes, houve replicação viral em diluições mais concentradas de vírus e de solventes. A limitação do estudo, com o uso do esmalte de unha, se deu pelo fato deste produto não ser diluído em meio de cultura para células em sua totalidade, além de conter substâncias muito voláteis que secam o produto rapidamente. Conclusão: Concluiu-se que houve replicação viral nas diferentes diluições, em maior concentração de solvente e maior número de vírus. Para diminuir o risco de contaminação cruzada da população pela disseminação de micro-organismos, mostra a necessidade dos órgãos fiscalizadores atuarem mais nesses estabelecimentos, educando e verificando a rotina do trabalho desses profissionais.
The Health Surveillance System in Italy detected 445 cases of hepatitis B and 69 hepatitis C related to beauty treatments. These alarming facts, for care of the appearance have led people to look for the beauty standards set by the media. If highlighting the beauty salons in Brazil is becoming more common with the activities of manicure and pedicure professionals. However, cosmetic products require a quality assessment of the health, is tests which indicate the amount of viable microorganisms in each sample. For evidence shows the survival of Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis in nail polish. However, the enamel composition and manufacturing are little known due several steps are involved in the production of common nail enamels. Objective: To evaluate the action of solvents present in nail enamel, ethyl acetate and butyl acetate, about herpesvirus bovine type 5. Method: The antiviral activity test performed at different stages of the replicative cycle of the solvents, ethyl acetate and butyl acetate. Results: In the pre-treatment, there was no viral replication in the ethyl acetate dilution from 10-6 to 10-5 in butyl acetate. In the post-treatment there was no viral replication in ethyl acetate from the dilution 10-7 and 10-5 butyl acetate and viral inactivation, both the ethyl acetate and the butyl after 48 and 72 hours, all dilutions they showed viral replication, 10-1 to 10-10 . Discussion: Although not identify the specific reports literature solvents ethyl acetate and butyl acetate in antiviral activity, this study showed that despite little difference between serial dilutions of these solvents, there viral replication in more concentrated dilutions of virus and solvents. A limitation of the study, using the nail polish, was due to the fact that this product is not be diluted in culture medium to cells in its entirety, and contain highly volatile substances that dry the product quickly. Conclusion: We conclude that there was viral replication in the different dilutions, higher solvent concentration and a higher number of viruses. To reduce the risk of cross-contamination of the population by the spread of micro-organisms, it shows the need for regulatory agencies act more in these establishments, educating and checking the routine work of these professionals.
Benedetti, Natália Augusto. "Avaliação da atividade antiviral dos compostos do esmalte de unha (acetato de etila e acetato de butila) no herpesvírus bovino tipo 5." Botucatu, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/137910.
Full textResumo: O Sistema de Vigilância Sanitária da Itália detectou 445 casos de hepatite B e 69 de hepatite C, relacionados aos tratamentos de beleza. Fato esse alarmante, pois, os cuidados com a aparência, têm levado a população a buscar os padrões de beleza estabelecidos pela mídia. Destacando-se que os salões de beleza no Brasil estão cada vez mais comuns com a atuação dos profissionais de manicure e pedicure. Entretanto, os produtos cosméticos necessitam de uma avaliação da qualidade sanitária, ou seja, testes que indicam a quantidade de micro-organismos viáveis em cada amostra. Pois, evidências mostram a sobrevivência dos Trichophytonrubrum, Trichopyton mentagrophytes, Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis no esmalte de unha. Todavia, a composição e a fabricação do esmalte são pouco conhecidas, devido várias etapas estarem envolvidas na produção dos esmaltes de unhas comuns. Objetivo: Avaliar a ação dos solventes presentes no esmalte de unha, o acetato de etila e o acetato de butila, sobre o herpes vírus bovino tipo 5. Método: Realizou ensaios da atividade antiviral nas diferentes fases do ciclo replicativo com os solventes, acetato de etila e o acetato de butila. Resultados: No pré-tratamento, não houve replicação viral no acetato de etila a partir da diluição 10-6 e no acetato de butila 10-5 . No póstratamento não houve replicação viral no acetato de etila a partir da diluição 10-7 e no acetato de butila 10-5 e na inativação viral, tanto o acetato de etila como o butila, após 48 e ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The Health Surveillance System in Italy detected 445 cases of hepatitis B and 69 hepatitis C related to beauty treatments. These alarming facts, for care of the appearance have led people to look for the beauty standards set by the media. If highlighting the beauty salons in Brazil is becoming more common with the activities of manicure and pedicure professionals. However, cosmetic products require a quality assessment of the health, is tests which indicate the amount of viable microorganisms in each sample. For evidence shows the survival of Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis in nail polish. However, the enamel composition and manufacturing are little known due several steps are involved in the production of common nail enamels. Objective: To evaluate the action of solvents present in nail enamel, ethyl acetate and butyl acetate, about herpesvirus bovine type 5. Method: The antiviral activity test performed at different stages of the replicative cycle of the solvents, ethyl acetate and butyl acetate. Results: In the pre-treatment, there was no viral replication in the ethyl acetate dilution from 10-6 to 10-5 in butyl acetate. In the post-treatment there was no viral replication in ethyl acetate from the dilution 10-7 and 10-5 butyl acetate and viral inactivation, both the ethyl acetate and the butyl after 48 and 72 hours, all dilutions they showed viral replication, 10-1 to 10-10 . Discussion: Although not identify the sp... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Duraffour, Sophie. "Utilisation de différents orthopoxvirus pour le développement de modèles substitutifs du virus de la variole afin d'évaluer l'activité antivirale." Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX20663.
Full textThe intentional release of smallpox by bioterrorists is considered to be a significant threat. Although effective smallpox vaccines are available, adverse events to vaccination particularly in immunosupressed individuals can be life threatening. Thus, researches in the field of highly potent antiviral against poxviruses have been intensified. Here we report the use and the development of surrogate models of variola virus, using several related Orthopoxviruses, to study anti-poxviral compounds. We (i) characterized the DNA repair protein uracil-DNA glycosylase of monkeypox virus, which is essential for orthopoxvirus replication and thus its inhibition is a rational therapeutic strategy, (ii) developed in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo surrogate model of variola virus by using its closest known related virus, camelpox virus; and (iii) investigated the mode of action of a novel anti-orthopoxvirus molecule, ST-246, against three Orthopoxviruses, vaccinia, cowpox and camelpox viruses
Riegger, David Martin [Verfasser], and Georg [Akademischer Betreuer] Kochs. "Die Plastizität des Nukleoproteins von Influenza-A-Virus erlaubt unterschiedliche Strategien dem antiviralen Effekt der Mx- Proteine auszuweichen." Freiburg : Universität, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1166053458/34.
Full textGrifon, Jean-François. "Analogues nucléosidiques inédits d'anomérie Bêta et d'énantiomérie non naturelle L : synthèse, propriétés antitumorales et antivirales de dérivés de la 5-fluorouracile et de la 5-fluorocytosine." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20011.
Full textFlusin, Olivier. "Stratégies de lutte contre des virus du risque infectieux : perspectives thérapeutiques contre les nairovirus et les orthopoxvirus." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077054.
Full textCrimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) and smallpox virus (VARV) infections, for which there are no licensed antiviral therapeutics, represent a significant threat to the strategic and operational missions of the French armed forces. Here, we reported two strategies used to identity novel antiviral compounds that are specifically effective in inhibiting proteins and molecular complexes involved in genome replication of Hazara nairovirus (HAZV) and vaccinia orthopoxvirus (VACV), respective surrogate models of CCHFV and VARV. In a first study, the activity of small interfering RNA (siRNAs) targeting the HAZV mRNA was evaluated in cell culture. We were able to identify two siRNAs directed against the transcripts encoding the nucleoprotein that reduced the production of infectious HAZV particles by over 90%. The combination of ribavirin with siRNAs induced an additive, or synergistic, effect on HAZV replication inhibition. In a second study, we adapted the yeast two-hybrid technique in order to perform a high throughput screening for the selection of protein-protein interaction modulators within the VACV replication complex. We identified two molecules that specifically inhibit orthopoxvirus (OPV) replication in vitro. Furthermore, we showed that both compounds interfere with the VACV genome synthesis. The initial results of this work indicate the potential of these two strategies to be applied for the development of future treatments against nairovirus and OPV infections
Kim, Dong Hyun. "Investigation of HIV anti-viral drug effect on HPV16 E6 expressing cervical carcinoma cells using advanced metabolomics methods." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/investigation-of-hiv-antiviral-drug-effect-on-hpv16-e6-expressing-cervical-carcinoma-cells-using-advanced-metabolomics-methods(d52b3b66-2a7b-4577-a334-b74bc12b27cc).html.
Full textMamode, Habib Karim. "Interactions médicamenteuses avec les médicaments antirétroviraux." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05P013.
Full textNguyen, Thi Huyen Tram. "Handling data below the quantification limit in viral kinetic modeling for model evaluation and prediction of treatment outcome." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077224.
Full textViral kinetic (VK) models are useful tools to understand the lifecycle of hepatitis C virus and the mechanisms of action of antiviral agents. The understanding of virologic response can be improved by including pharmacokinetic (PK) information. VK model might also be useful to predict individual treatment outcome and support treatment personalization. One common problem in VK modeling is data below the quantification limit (BQL). However the impact of these data on model evaluation and treatment response prediction and how to properly handle them in these steps are still in question. We extended prediction discrepancies (pd) and normalized prediction distribution errors (npde) to handle BQL data and evaluated them in a simulation study. The extended metrics have better performance with satisfactory type I errors and powers, compared to the methods omitting BQL data. We developed a PK-VK model to characterize the VK to alisporivir, a cyclophillin inhibitor, given in with or without peg-IFN. The model provided good predictions for the virologic responses (BQL data fraction and SVR rate) for different combinations and doses of alisporivir in another study. We also studied by simulation the use of VK model to predict individual treatment outcome and evaluated several factors that can impact this prediction: methods for handling BQL data, design and a priori information on population parameters. We showed that Bayesian estimation of individual parameters can give good predictions for treatment outcome from only few early responses, provided that BQL data are correctly handled and correct a,priori information is available
Yvon, Anne. "Etude des bases moléculaires de la résistance du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine 1 à la stavudine et la lamivudine en combinaison "in vitro"." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05P020.
Full textDioszeghy, Vincent. "Etude des activités antivirales solubles non cytolytiques des lymphocytes CD8+ au cours de l'infection par SIV : Effet d'un traitement par polychimiothérapie post-exposition, effet d'un traitement immuno-modulateur par l'interleukine 2 et mécanismes de reconstitution lymphocytaire T CD4+." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA11T012.
Full textBonnet, Fabrice. "Evolution de la concentration plasmatique des marqueurs lipidiques et des récepteurs solubles du TNF-alpha et de l'interleukine-2 chez des patients infectés par le VIH et traités par antiprotéases." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR23087.
Full textBlanchandin, Laure. "Traitement ambulatoire dans l'infection par le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine : organisation de la prescription, de la dispensation et de l'information d'un malade suivi à l'hôpital X. Bichat-C. Bernard." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05P029.
Full textThöni, Gilles. "Anomalies métaboliques du patient infecté par le Virus de l'immunodéficience humaine (VIH) sous multithérapie antirétrovirale : vers une individualisation de la prise en charge par l'entraînement aérobie." Montpellier 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON14007.
Full textCanini, Laetitia. "Dynamique de l'infection grippale : modélisation et applications." Phd thesis, Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066158.
Full textThe main objective of this PhD was to define a set of methodological tools to describe and study the time course of influenza and its natural history parameters. The principal work was the development of a model to describe influenza infection and illness timeline. Influenza virus kinetics (VK) is used as a surrogate of infectiousness, while the natural history of influenza is described by symptom dynamics (SD). We developped an original virus kinetics/symptom dynamics (VKSD) model based on a population approach. Our approach extends previous works by including the innate response and providing realistic estimates of infection and illness parameters, taking into account the strong interindividual variability. The choice of the study design is crucial to accurately estimate the model parameters. For this purpose we performed an optimal design analysis to propose cost-effective and practical designs. A set of designs adapted to study influenza VK, innate immune response and/or SD was elaborated and could help design further studies on influenza viral kinetics with decreased discomfort and cost. Finally, we realised an in silico analysis studying the effect of neuraminidase inhibitors on influenza infection and illness and on resistance emergence. We explored oseltamivir efficacy through simulated pharmacokinetics for differents regimens, in immunocompetent or immunodeficient subjects. We identified the situations leading to a balance between efficacy and resistance emergence. This work point out the importance of learning as much as we can about dealing with influenza infection and mitigating its impact
Canini, Laetitia. "Dynamique de l'infection grippale : modélisation et applications." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00827770.
Full textKourjian, Georgio. "Effect of HIV antiretroviral drugs on antigen processing and epitope presentation by MHC-I to cytotoxic T cells." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAJ027/document.
Full textAntigen processing by intracellular proteases and peptidases and epitope presentation are critical for recognition of pathogen-infected cells by CD8+ T lymphocytes. Here we show that several HIV protease inhibitors (PIs) prescribed to HIV-infected persons variably modulate proteasome and aminopeptidase activities involved in endogenous antigen presentation and cathepsin activities involved in antigen cross-presentation. Two HIV PIs acted directly on cathepsins and on their regulators by inhibiting kinases, NOX2 and the regulation of phagolysosomal pH, subsequently enhancing cathepsin activities. HIV PIs modified HIV protein degradation and epitope production in a sequence- and cell-dependent manner, altered direct- and cross-presentation and T cell-mediated killing, and partly changed the self-peptidome of primary cells. Drug-induced modulation of antigen processing and peptidome may provide an alternate therapeutic approach to modulate immune recognition
Outlioua, Ahmed. "Exploration des cytokines pro-inflammatoires et de l’inflammasome NLRP3 dans les infections intracellulaires : cas de H. pylori et des virus à ARN Gastric IL-1β, IL-8, and IL-17A expression in Moroccan patients infected with Helicobacter pylori may be a predictive signature of severe pathological stages RNA viruses promote activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome through cytopathogenic effect-induced potassium efflux The heme-regulated inhibitor is a cytosolic sensor of protein misfolding that controls innate immune signaling The Role of Optineurin in Antiviral Type I Interferon Production Possible introduction of Leishmania tropica to urban areas determined by epidemiological and clinical profiles of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis in Casablanca (Morocco)." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASL029.
Full textHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a bacteria that infects the stomach and induces inflammatory gastritis, which can be chronic and progress to gastric cancer. The severity of the infection and its clinical course are associated with various factors including the immune status of the host. The initial inflammatory response to H. pylori infection results in the secretion of a wide range of cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-8 and IL-17A. which appear to play a key role in the initiation and progression of gastric cancer. Among these cytokines, IL-1β is a key cytokine during H. pylori infection whose expression is associated with gastric inflammation and carcinogenesis. The production of this cytokine depends on the activation of the inflammasome, in particular the NLRP3 inflammasome. The latter, responsible of the activation of inflammatory processes, is essential for the maintenance of homeostasis against various pathogenic infections such as bacterial and viral infections.The general objective of this work is i) to study the expression and polymorphism of genes for cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-17 and IL-8 in Moroccan patients infected with H. pylori. ii) explore the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by H. pylori and determine the mechanisms involved in the activation of this complex by RNA viruses; known as defined activators of NLRP3.Our results underlined a high prevalence of H. pylori and demonstrated a cytokine signature: it can predict metaplasia during the progression of H. pylori infection involving a decrease in IL17A expression in the antrum and increased expression of IL-1β in the fundus. In particular, the genetic polymorphisms of IL-1β (IL-1β -31 and -511) do not appear to influence IL-1β expression significantly.In view of the difficulties encountered in isolating and culturing H. pylori, we used LPS from H. pylori to stimulate the inflammasome. Our results show that the transfection of cells in vitro with bacterial LPS induces the production of IL-1β which appears to be modulated by caspase 4, NOD1 and NOD2. Furthermore, while it is clearly established that RNA viruses induce activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, the mechanisms by which these viruses induce IL-1β production are not well understood and remain to be confirmed. The results of this part of the work showed that the replication of cytopathogenic RNA viruses such as vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) or encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) induces lytic cell death leading to an efflux of potassium which triggers activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Thus, viruses with a high replication capacity and which have a cytopathic effect are capable of inducing the activation of caspase-1 leading to the production of IL-1β. Conversely, viruses which induce type I IFN response are very poor inducers of the NLRP3 inflammasome.A better understanding of the activation of the inflammasome could help in the development of targeted therapeutic strategies for use in the fight against bacterial and viral infections.Key words: Helicobacter pylori, inflammation, NLRP3 inflammasome, IL-1β, RNA virus