Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Effet catalytique'
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Macedo, Lucélia Alves de. "Torréfaction de biomasse lignocellulosique : effet catalytique du potassium sur les espèces condensables." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0299/document.
Full textThe chemical valorization of condensable species from biomass torrefaction as well as the use of a low-cost carrier gas such as flue gas may be important steps for industrial-scale implementation of torrefaction. The condensable species yield varies according to the biomass composition, in particular by the presence of certain minerals, and also changes according to the operating conditions such as the gas atmosphere. In this context, to investigate the effect of potassium on mass loss of biomass during torrefaction and in the yield of condensable species, three demineralized biomasses were impregnated with different concentrations of K2CO3 and then torrefied at 275°C up to a target mass loss (25 or 30%). Torrefaction was carried out in both a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) instrument and a laboratory fixed-bed reactor under nitrogen and flue gas atmospheres. TGA of raw and K-impregnated biopolymers (cellulose, xylan and lignin) were performed to facilitate interpretation of the results. When K content increased in the biomass, shorter torrefaction times were sufficient to obtain the targeted mass loss. This behavior seems to be a result of shifting the cellulose decomposition to lower temperatures. The maximum reaction rates are much higher under flue gas because the biomass undergoes oxidation reactions in addition to the ordinary decomposition. Regardless of the gas atmosphere employed, K inhibits the production of anhydrosugars (levoglucosan, LAC and DGP) and furans (except 2-furanmethanol). This suppression is accompanied by a substantial increase in acetol yield. The cleavage of pyranose rings in cellulose which results in the formation of low molecular weight compounds is favored in the presence of K to the detriment of the depolymerization which delivers levoglucosan. K promotes the production of 2- furanmethanol, syringol and guaiacol especially under flue gas atmosphere. However, the yields of vanillin and syringaldehyde decreased in the presence of K whereas they are strongly favored under flue gas atmosphere when the biomass does not contain K. The effect of K on the yields of condensable species from biomass torrefaction is demonstrated whatever the gas atmosphere. Moreover, under the conditions tested, the oxygen present in the atmosphere intensifies, to a greater or lesser extent, the tendency imposed by the K
Portha, Jean-François Pons Marie-Noëlle. "Méthodologie pour tenir compte de l'impact environnemental d'un procédé lors de sa conception." S. l. : INPL, 2008. http://www.scd.inpl-nancy.fr/theses/2008_PORTHA_J_F.pdf.
Full textFeron, Béatrice. "Effet du vanadium sur le vieillissement structural des catalyseurs de craquage à base de zéolithes ultrastabilisées : passivation du vanadium." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO10022.
Full textNadjar, Ibticem. "Effet de la présence d'hydrocarbures et de vapeur d'eau sur l'oxydation catalytique du monoxyde de carbone." Mulhouse, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MULH0733.
Full textCatalytic tests were carried out in a fixed bed reactor considering Diesel start-up conditions to study the effect of unreacted hydrocarbons and water vapour on the CO oxidation on platinum-containing catalysts at low temperature (<200ʿC). A promotion of the CO oxidation by water vapour is observed when CO, O2 and water are present in the inlet gas : the light-off temperature of CO decreases by a value superior to 20ʿC. This result suggests that two mechanisms are concomitant : oxidation between CO and O2, and another one with a catalytic effect of water. In opposite, hydrocarbons inhibit the CO oxidation, and this effect increases in presence of water. Hence, hydrocarbons interfere in the CO oxidation reaction and also in the one catalysed by water. The computation of the kinetic parameters based on a modified Langmuir-Hinshelwood equation provides a consistent representation of the hydrocarbons and water effects on the CO oxidation
Bellenoue, Marc. "Etude expérimentale de la combustion initiée par effet catalytique d'un mélange hydrogène-air en écoulement supersonique." Poitiers, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997POIT2251.
Full textAyala, Villagomez Enrique. "Réduction catalytique sélective de NO par NH3 sur Cu-faujasite : effet de l'acidité et approche mécanistique." Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20089.
Full textBokova, Maria. "Combustion catalytique du noir de carbone en présence de Cu-Ce-Al-O : effet de l'ozone." Littoral, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004DUNK0113.
Full textIn this study, the influence of ozonation on the catalytic combustion of carbon black in the presence of Cu-Ce-Al oxides has been investigated. The physico-chemical properties of Cu-Ce-Al-oxides and carbon black before and after ozonation were studied. A convenient method for the calculation of the kinetic parameters from non-isothermal experiences was proposed. The values for activation energies and for the pre-exponential factor of carbon black catalytic combustion in the presence of Ce-Al oxides were calculated using this method. EPR analysis revealed the appearance of O2[moins] species bounded to Ce4+ ions for CeO2 and Ce-Al-O catalysts after ozone treatment. These species are not stable after the temperature increase and don't influence the catalytic reactivity of solids in the reaction of carbon black combustion. Ozone pre-treatment of carbon black favors its combustion. Physico-chemico characterization shows that ozonation influences the nature of carbon black increasing the concentration and the stability of free radicals interacting with carbon particulate and favors the formation of oxygenated species on the surface of CB which, according to our DTA data, decrease the temperature of its combustion. This phenomenon is observed for all samples but the most important decrease of temperature is evidenced for copper based catalysts with alumina support. Thus, the oxygenated species take part in the mechanism of black carbon combustion catalysed by the copper
Zhao, Shuhai. "Oxydation asymétrique de sulfures par voie catalytique ou stoechiométrique : synthèse de sulfoxydes chiraux." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112247.
Full textThis thesis develops asymmetric oxidation of prochiral sulfides into sulfoxides by hydroperoxides in the presence of a hydrated titanium complex bearing tartrate ligands. Influences of different parameters such as solvant; concentration, on enantioselectivity of the oxidation are studied. The use of cumene hydroperoxide instead of TBHP allows to enhance the enantioselectivity. Many sulfoxides are obtained with ee's 90 96 %. Acetylenic sulfides can also be oxidized with ee 75%. The discovery of a new reaction, the stereospecific substitution of an alkynyl group bound to a sulfinyl function by alkyllithiums, allows to determine the ee and the configuration of acetylenic sulfoxides. Approaches to catalytic oxidations are described. The best result dealing with catalytic asymmetric oxidation of sulfides is obtained with use of that titanium complex in the presence of molecular sieves (ee 77% for a molar ratio ([Ti]/sulfide) = 0. 14. Non-linear effects in asymmetric synthesis as well as the mechanism of the oxidation are discussed. Theoritical simplified models to explain non-linear effects in various situations are proposed and discussed in detail. Some essays of using chiral sulfoxides as ligands of rhodium complexes are also described
Mauvezin, Mathias. "Réduction catalytique de N2O par NH3 sur catalyseurs à base de zéolithe bêta contenant du fer." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20098.
Full textPIEPLU, HERAMBOURG ANNE. "Elimination catalytique de polluants sulfures (h#2s, cos, cs#2) des effluents gazeux. Effet et modelisation de la sulfatation." Caen, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994CAEN2051.
Full textAuber, Maud. "Effet catalytique de certains inorganiques sur la sélectivité des réactions de pyrolyse rapide de biomasses et de leurs constituants." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPL041N/document.
Full textThe fast primary pyrolysis of cellulose, lignin, xylan and birch wood (natural, reconstituted, washed or not) impregnated by different types of catalysts (KCl, MgCl2, NiCl2 and ZnCl2) is experimentally studied in an image furnace. The effect of a catalyst addition differs according to the type of biopolymer. However, the decrease of the liquids and the increase of the char production rates are always observed (the effects are more or less stressed according to the nature of the catalyst). The composition of the gaseous phase is also modified with an increase of the H2 volume fraction. The nature and morphology of chars depend on the type of catalyst. The quantity and composition of the intermediate liquid compound formed during the pyrolysis of cellulose are also modified. It’s difficult to establish linear laws describing the pyrolytic behavior of biomasses from the simple overlapping of the observations made with basic biopolymers, implying the need of a modelling study. The model is based on mass and energy balances written at the level of biomasses pellets subjected to a given heat flux density. The agreement with the experimental results is quite good but suffers from a bad knowledge of the physicochemical properties of the biomasses. It is anticipated that the model could give better results if the influence of the interactions between basic biopolymers within the natural biomasses could be estimated and taken into account. Some researches in these domains could be recommended
Abassi, Ahmed. "Effet de la morphologie des nanoparticules de CeO2 et ZrxCe (1-x)O2 sur l’activité catalytique dans l’oxydation du CO." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26604.
Full textThe presented works involve the study and the elaboration of the synthesis of cerium oxide CeO2 and oxide mixed CexZr(1-x)O2 nanoparticles with a controlled morphology. Various morphologies including nanocube, nanobar and nanopolyhedron have been obtained depending on the synthesis conditions. A deposit of gold on the surface of synthesized nanoparticles has been carried out. The choice of gold nanoparticles as active phase is due to their high catalytic activity at low temperatures. These catalysts had been characterized by various techniques (TEM, BET) and subjected to catalytic tests for CO oxidation. The results show that the cubic form of nanocatalysts give a better result compared to nanobars and nanopolyhedron. This is explained by the fact that their specific surface is greater and preferably gold nanoclusters to be deposited on the face (100) nanocubes. The obtained result is supported by the activation energy calculation. In order to improve the catalytic activity and stability of this type of Nanocatalyst, a portion of the cerium zirconium has been substituted. The catalytic test results show that the substitution limit shall not exceed 10% zirconium. Beyond this level, the complete conversion of CO to CO2 is significantly smaller than the nanocatalysts based on simple nanocubes CeO2.
Depussay, Eric. "Developpement d'une technique de mesure de concentration en carburant par fil chaud a effet catalytique : applications aux moteurs a allumage commande." Orléans, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ORLE2035.
Full textGennequin, Cédric. "Etude catalytique d'oxydes mixtes à base de cobalt, magnésium et aluminium dérivés de précurseurs de type hydrotalcite pour l'oxydation totale des composés organiques volatils." Littoral, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DUNK0217.
Full textBulk Co, Mg and Al catalysts were synthesised via hydrotalcite precursors for total oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOC). Upon calcination, hydrotalcite can be transformed into mixtures of metal oxides with desirable properties such as high specific area, good thermal stability. The characterizations have shown that, whatever the Co/Mg ratio, Co6-xMgxAl2 hydrotalcite type has been synthesised. After calcination at 500°C, the Co6Al2 sample prepared via hydrotalcite route produces the best results in the toluene exidation. Meanwhile, a study of supported catalyst using MgAl hydrotalcite precursor was conducted. After calcination of hydrotalcite precursor, results showed the formation of Mg(Al)O oxides for the low calcination temperatures and a Mg(Al)O and MgAl2O4 mixture for the high calcination temperatures. These solids can be reconstructed by “memory effect” into hydrotalcite form after Co impregnation. This reconstruction leads to a different dispersion and Co species on the support. The calcination of these impregnated solids leads to catalysts which performances depend on the calcination temperatures of hydrotalcite support. Thus, the cobalt deposition on previously calcined hydrotalcite at 700°C shows the highest activity in the toluene oxidation
Abou, Rached Jihane. "Production d'hydrogène par reformage catalytique du toluène sur des oxydes mixtes Ni-Mg-Al : Effet de l'ajout de cérium ou de lanthane." Thesis, Littoral, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017DUNK0442/document.
Full textThis thesis was carried out in the context of the valorization of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as toluene. This study aimed to optimize efficient catalysts for the elimination of toluene by dry and steam reforming of toluene. Hydrotalcite solids were chosen because of the interesting properties of the oxides obtained by their calcination. The Ni, Mg and Al-based catalysts were prepared via hydrotalcite road. In order to improve the catalytic activity, the elements Ce and La were incorporated into the solids to substitute a part of the element A1 and the effects were studied. Initially, the mixed oxides were characterized by different physico-chemical techniques including X-Ray Diffraction, Thermal Analysis (TG/DTA), Temperature Programmed Reduction (TPR),... In a second step, the mixed oxides were tested in the dry reforming of toluene reaction. The progressive substitution of Mg²⁺ ions by Ni²⁺ ions improves the activity of the catalysts. Cerium or lanthanum played a role in the reaction mechanism, to improve selectivity and reduce carbon deposition. The catalytic performances of the oxydes are tested in the steam reforming of toluene reaction, showing that the reactivity improves with the increase in the magnesium content. The promoters have enhanced the toluene conversion and hydrogen selectivity. According to the physico-chemical characterizations after the catalytic test, the catalysts showed no coke formation. A comparison between the best catalyst of this study and an industrial catalyst is performed
Montalvo, Acosta Joel José. "Computational approaches to molecular recognition : from host-guest to protein-ligand binding." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAF051/document.
Full textMolecular recognition is a very interesting problem, and foremost, a current challenge for biophysical chemistry. Having reliable predictions on the specific recognition between molecules is highly priority as it will provide an insight of fundamental problems and will raise relevant technological applications. The dissertation presented here is centered on a quantitative analysis of molecular recognition in solution for host-guest, protein-ligand binding and catalysis. The statistical mechanics framework used to describe the state-of-the-art for receptor-ligand binding is an inflection point for the developing of new improved and methods. In fact, a highly performanced and accurate model was obtained for the analysis of host-guest binding. Finally, the presented models were used as a reliable predictive tools for discovering new chemical entities for enhance catalysis in solution
Delattre, Cyril. "Contribution à l'étude de l'encrassement des catalyseurs de craquage catalytique pendant leur fonctionnement : rôle des conditions de réaction et de la composition des charges, effet sur les vitesses de réaction." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10312.
Full textCharmot, Alexandre. "Nouvelles stratégies d'insertion de particules d'oxyde de fer dans des mésostructures organisées, caractérisation et activité catalytique." Phd thesis, Université de Poitiers, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00169531.
Full textMiquel, Pierre. "Réduction catalytique de NOx par les hydrocarbures sur des catalyseurs à base de perovskite : application à la dépollution de moteurs Diesel." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10162/document.
Full textThis study aims to develop a catalyst able to reduce nitrous oxides (NOx) pollutants in Diesel-engine conditions by hydrocarbons and/or hydrogen. The first goal was to eliminate rhodium and platinum based catalysts, which were replaced by palladium deposited on perovskite supports. The major drawback of deposited noble metals is the low N2 selectivity in lean –burn conditions. From a practical point of view, adding reducing agents enhancing NOx conversion, especially at low temperature, is a distinct possibility. Moreover, N2 selective conversion needs promotion. Indeed, N2O formation is often observed at low temperature and low NOx conversion. This phenomenon must be avoided due to the high greenhouse power of N2O. This reaction was carried out on palladium impregnated LaFeO3 perovskite with high oxygen, carbon dioxide and water content. Results were highly dependent of support preparation method or modifications as well as of impregnation precursor. Interactions between noble metal and perovskite support seem to play a key role in NOx conversion preservation after ageing under reactive conditions. This effect is attributed to better stabilization of palladium dispersion on perovskite surface compared to conventional supports like alumina
Lucas, Steve. "Utilisation de réactifs siliciés (acétals de cétène silylés, diènoxysilanes) dans des réactions d'aldolisation croisée. Application à la synthèse de β-lactames." Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUES076.
Full textBignon, Quentin. "Oxydation et prise d’hydrogène d’alliages de titane en milieu primaire de réacteur à eau pressurisée : mécanismes, cinétiques et effet sur le comportement mécanique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAI079/document.
Full textTitanium alloys have a low neutron activation, good mechanical properties and good corrosion resistance in common environment. They could be good candidates for nuclear Pressurised Water Reactor (PWR) primary circuit structure components. This study deal with their durability in primary water.Samples of three titanium alloys alpha (Ti CP), alpha + beta (Ti 64) and metastable beta (Ti1023) were exposed to primary water at 300 °C and 350 °C for maximum durations of 11000 h and 1750 h, respectively. Based on SEM observations as well as XPS, GD-OES, MET-ASTAR and photoelectrochemistry analysis, a corrosion mechanism was proposed. It involves the inward growth of a dense TiO2 layer and its simultaneous dissolution into primary water as well as TiO2 and FeTiO3 oxide crystallites precipitation. Image analysis and mass uptake modelling indicated a maximum resulting metal matrix corrosion rate of 2.9 µm.year-1 at 300 °C and of 18 µm.year-1 at 350 °C. An abrupt decrease of the corrosion rate was noticed as FeTiO3 oxide crystallites surface covering fraction reached 100 %. Materials exposure to primary water also led to a hydrogen uptake which increased with both temperature and beta phase ratio. Room temperature tensile tests were performed on primary water exposed specimens, hydrogen charged specimens and heat treated specimens. These tests highlighted a loss of ductility of Ti1023 samples linked to their exposure to primary water. It could be due to the combined effects of both thermal ageing and hydride presence at alpha/beta interfaces. Primary water exposure performed in laboratory had little effect on T40 and TA6V mechanical properties because hydrogen uptake is low in comparison with hydrogen concentration leading to ductile/brittle transition.Long duration use of titanium alloys in primary water seems reasonable, provided that beta phase is stable and that the surface/volume ratio of the considered component is low enough
Xu, Bo. "Le protéasome 20S humain, une nouvelle cible en thérapie anticancéreuse : effet de l'ajoene, molécule naturelle anti-tumorale et impact de modifications post-traductionnelles sur son activité catalytique." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30124.
Full textMorin-Phelippeau, Brigitte. "Réactions de double carbonylation de dérivés organiques halogènes catalysées par les complexes du palladium." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066539.
Full textChaieb, Tesnim. "Vers une meilleure compréhension de la réduction sélective des oxydes d'azote par les hydrocarbures sur les catalyseurs à base d'argent et d'or supportés sur alumine." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066431/document.
Full textThis work provides further insights into C3H6-SCR on alumina supported silver and gold catalysts. The origin of the optimum loading of 2 wt% of Ag on Al2O3 in the C3H6-SCR of NOx was elucidated with the help of an original characterization method (NOx-TPD). The optimum loading was attributed to the maximum loading of silver on Al2O3 for which highly dispersed Ag species are preserved. Our study highlights for the first time that the H2-C3H6-SCR catalytic performance of Ag/Al2O3 samples improved in the 150-550 °C temperature domain as the Ag loading decreased well below 2 wt%. A detailed kinetic study of H2-C3H6-SCR was performed and led us to conclude that the unexpected higher catalytic performance of the Ag samples with the lower Ag surface densities was attributed to the higher concentration of active sites on the Al2O3 supporting oxide able to chemisorb NOx species. Regarding Au/Al2O3 catalysts, our work provides the first experimental evidence of an H2 effect in C3H6-SCR over Au/Al2O3 catalysts. This effect could only be observed when the number of Au catalytic sites in the reactor was decreased. The influence of the Au loading on the H2-C3H6-SCR was investigated. Au/CeO2-Al2O3 system was optimized with addition of ceria. Among the Au/CeO2-Al2O3 catalysts evaluated, the sample containing 0.5 wt% Au and 1 wt% CeO2 exhibited the best NOx conversion in C3H6-SCR at low temperature (from 150 °C). The catalytic activity of bimetallic Au-Ag /Al2O3 catalysts was investigated in C3H6-SCR and H2-C3H6-SCR. Finally, NOx conversion to N2 on Ag/Al2O3 in H2-C3H6-SCR could be improved substantially by nearly 30 % when silver is added on hydrothermally pretreated Al2O3 support
Portha, Jean-François. "Méthodologie pour tenir compte de l'impact environnemental d'un procédé lors de sa conception." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPL055N/document.
Full textThe environmental impact of a process is assessed by evaluation methods such as life cycle assessment (LCA). A complementary method has been developed in order to characterize the environmental impact at the preliminary design stage by application of a thermodynamic balance on the process boundaries. The chosen thermodynamic function is exergy which takes into account irreversibilities and is linked to the mean environment temperature, pressure and composition. Existence of irreversibility in a process means that a part of the provided energy is wasted increasing simultaneously pollutant emissions. Exergy is also a tool for co-products allocation. The study focuses on climate change that implies greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. To illustrate the potential of coupling LCA and exergy analysis in the petroleum industry, a naphtha catalytic reforming process has been selected and evaluated in terms of climate change. In this process, GHG emissions have two origins: direct (due to catalyst regeneration) and indirect (due to utilities) emissions. The process and the reactors have been respectively modelled with the process simulator ProII and with a Fortran subroutine to take into account chemical transformations. The method, which cannot avoid LCA data, has underlined, for the process, a positive relationship between GHG emissions and respectively a thermodynamic parameter Ip and the variation of chemical exergy. The method has been extended to compare two processes having the same function and to take into account co-products quality and resource depletion
Boudouvas, Denis. "Effet du potassium sur un catalyseur composite Fe-Co-C en synthèse d'hydrocarbures." Grenoble INPG, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPG0092.
Full textBenhaddou, Rachida. "Arylation de doubles liaisons catalyses par le palladium : influence de differents facteurs sur la cinetique de la reaction, etude de nouvelles syntheses d'aryl-c-glycosides." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066065.
Full textPrat, Denis. "Epoxydations stereoselectives d'alcools olefiniques par l'eau oxygene a 30% catalysees par l'acide tungstique en milieu tamponne." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066493.
Full textMartin, Marie-Pascale. "Contribution à l'étude des élévateurs de craquage catalytique : effets liés à l'injection de charge." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPL105N.
Full textAzzouzi-Zriba, Kaouther. "Alcools fluorés : étude des effets promoteur et catalytique en synthèse." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA114806.
Full textMohammed, Saad Abdul Basset. "Caracterisation par spectroscopie ft-ir de l'adsorption et de la reactivite de composes sulfures sur alumine : effet de l'ajout de sodium." Caen, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986CAEN2030.
Full textBardash, Liubov. "Synthesis and investigation of nanostructured polymer composites based on heterocyclic esters and carbon nanotubes." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10174/document.
Full textThe thesis relates to synthesis and investigation of nanostructured polymer composites based on oligomers of cyanate esters of bisphenol a (DCBA) or cyclic butylene terephthalate (CBT) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTS). Catalytic effect of mwcnts in process of DCBA polycyclotrimerization as well as in cbt polymerization has been observed. Significant increase in crystallization temperature of nanocomposites based on polybutylene terephthalate (cPBT) with adding of MWCNTS is observed. The effect of processing method of cpbt/mwcnts nanocomposites on its electrical properties has been found. It has been established that the additional heating of the samples (annealing) at temperatures above melting of cPBT leads to reagglomeration of MWCNTS in the system. It is established that reagglomeration of MWCNTS results in increase of conductivity values of nanocomposites due to formation of percolation pathways of MWCNTS through polymer matrix. In the case of polycyanurate matrix (PCN), it is found that addition of small mwcnts contents (0.03-0.06 weight percents) provides increasing tensile strength by 62-94 percents. It has been found that addition of even 0.01 weight percents of MWCNTS provides significant increase in storage modulus of cPBT matrix. This is explained by effective dispersing of small amount of the nanofiller during in situ synthesis of pcn or cpbt matrix that is confirmed by microscopy techniques. It has been established that the properties of the nanocomposites based on heterocyclic esters and MWCNTS can be varied from isolator to conductor and has low percolation thresholds (0.22 and 0.38 weight percents for cPBT and PCN nanocomposites respectively). The conductivity of samples is particularly stable on a very large range of temperature from 300 to 10 degrees Kelvin that make these materials perspective for practical applications in microelectronics, as parts of aircraft and space constructions
Oviawe, Amowie Philip. "Modélisation de l'hydroliquéfaction du charbon : Influence des catalyseurs sur la décomposition du benzylphénylether en présence de solvants hydroaromatiques." Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10078.
Full textFouche, Valérie. "Hydroïsomérisation du N-Hexane : activité et stabilité des catalyseurs platine mordénite." Poitiers, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989POIT2293.
Full textNevicato, David. "Modélisation de la cinétique du craquage catalytique : influence de la température de réaction." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10192.
Full textBratko, Ielyzaveta. "Nouveaux ligands bifonctionnels : chimie de coordination et applications catalytiques." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2060/.
Full textIn an eco-friendly development, catalysis represents the key approach to convert raw materials into valuable products, particularly convenient for multi-step transformations where several bonds are "one-pot" formed. This solution becomes particularly attractive due to the atom economy and decreasing the energy required in harmony with the green chemistry principles. Mimicking Nature seems the smartest way to design poly-functional assemblies leading to the design of "synergic" catalysts. Imitating biocatalysts (metalloenzymes, for example), several research groups have developed polymetallic catalytic systems, in particular those where only one ligand frame coordinates several metallic fragments, finding synergy and cooperative effects between the different metal centres for the activation of reagents. During this PhD thesis, a new family of polyfunctional ligands derived from 9,10-dihydroanthracene was synthesized. These compounds represent original and versatile scaffolds for coordination chemistry purposes. They contain the aromatic groups coming from the anthracene skeleton, which can lead to the formation of p metal interactions. In addition, their straightforward functionalization introducing donor groups favours the dative interactions with metal moieties. With the aim to study these different types of coordination, we could prove the possibility of formation of mono-, bi- and trimetallic complexes by p metal-ligand interactions. As well, complexes exhibiting simultaneously both p and s coordination modes of coordination were isolated and fully characterized. DFT modelling studies permitted us to demonstrate the stability of experimentally observed isomers and coordination types. We have also synthesized hetero-Pd(II)/Ru(II)-polymetallic complexes showing electronic communication between the two metals. This last part opens new possibilities in the study of cooperative effects in catalysis
Rifai, Charaf Eddine. "Effets électroniques et stériques des ligands dans la chimie du zirconocène : influence sur l'activité catalytique." Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU30211.
Full textClery, Cécile. "Effets de la pression sur les propriétés catalytiques et la stabilité des cholinestérases." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10030.
Full textLiu, Huaqin. "Etude de l'oligomérisation des alpha-oléfines amorcées par des systèmes bimétalliques à base de dérivés d'un métal de transition (groupe IV B) et de composés organoaluminiques." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066087.
Full textBongiovanni, Alessandro. "Etude des effets promoteurs dans les réactions catalytiques de dépollution par l'argent et l'or." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210682.
Full textLors de ce travail nous nous sommes intéressés à ces sujets. Tout d'abord, nous avons étudié l'effet du SO2 sur la réduction catalytique sélective des NOx sur des catalyseurs Ag/Al2O3 dans les conditions des moteurs Diesel. Le dioxyde de soufre est reconnu comme un poison de catalyseurs. Dans cette thèse, nous avons étudié un effet promoteur du SO2. Les catalyseurs qui ont fait l’objet de ce travail ont été préparés au laboratoire. Nous avons fait varier différents paramètres tels que la température, la nature de l'hydrocarbure ou encore la concentration de SO2 afin de mieux cerner cet effet promoteur. Nous avons mis en évidence que cet effet promoteur est observable lorsque le propène est utilisé comme réducteur, alors qu'avec le propane il s'agit plutôt d'un effet négatif du SO2.
Le deuxième sujet étudié dans ce travail est l'oxydation du CO sur des catalyseurs Au/TiO2, soit préparés au laboratoire, soit fournis comme référence du World Gold Council. Ces catalyseurs offrent l’avantage de pouvoir oxyder le CO à basse température, ce qui pourrait résoudre le problème de la pollution liée au démarrage à froid des automobiles. Ces catalyseurs subissent une désactivation que nous avons analysée par spectroscopie infrarouge (DRIFT et FTIR). Une étude XPS-SIMS de catalyseurs ayant des activités différentes nous a permis de mettre en évidence des concentrations de sodium différentes sur ces catalyseurs. Dans cette thèse, nous nous sommes plus particulièrement intéressés à l'influence du potassium. Pour mettre en évidence l'influence de celui-ci sur l'activité catalytique, des catalyseurs Au/TiO2 furent préparés en absence stricte d'alcalins et d'alcalino-terreux pour ajouter par après, de manière contrôlée, les quantités souhaitées de potassium. La composition des catalyseurs préparés fut contrôlée par XPS-SIMS. Il s'avère que la présence de potassium permet d'accroître l'activité catalytique, néanmoins il semble y avoir une concentration optimale de potassium qui varie en fonction de la composition/morphologie du catalyseur Au/TiO2 au départ, c'est-à-dire sans modification par ajout de potassium.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Ben, Ali Abdelouahid. "Contribution à la compréhension des effets de traitements de l'oxydation et de la réduction sur l'activité catalytique du rhodium :étude cinétique par effets transitoires." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212688.
Full textDjebbi, Mohamed Amine. "Les Hydroxydes Doubles Lamellaires au coeur de la biotechnologie : évaluation des applications médicales et environnementales." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1049/document.
Full textDHs are a class of synthetic anionic clays whose structure is based on brucite-like layers Mg(OH)2 inwhich some of the divalent cations have been replaced by trivalent ions giving positively-charged sheets.This charge is balanced by intercalation of anions in the hydrated interlayer regions. The identities andratios of the di- and trivalent cations and the interlayer anion may be varied over a wide range, giving rise toa large class of isostructural materials. The parent material of this class is the naturally occurring mineralhydrotalcite and LDHs are consequently also known as hydrotalcite-like materials. Although the basicfeatures of the structure are well understood, detailed structural aspects have been the subject of somecontroversy in the literature. In this thesis, we have selected two types of LDH, MgAl and ZnAl, which havebeen widely introduced in various applications, such as sorption of molecules of biological interest (enzymeand drug) and the development of electrodes. The specificity of this work lies on the immobilization of amodel enzyme, lactate dehydrogenase in both matrices as well as an anti-bacterial drug, berberine, inorder to study the interactions between these two biomolecules and the introduced LDH phase and tobetter address their challenges of applications in the medical field. Second, we have tried to study the twophases mentioned above more and more accurately in terms of structure, morphology and electrochemicalprofile in order to use them as electrode materials for microbial fuel cell device
Wang, Dan Li. "Reaction des metalloporphyrines reduites avec les monohalogenoalcanes et les dihalogenoalcanes vicinaux." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077166.
Full textAlmanza, Luis Oswaldo. "Etude de propriétés acides et catalytiques de mordénites modifiées par désalumination : effet de la porosité et des espèces aluminiques extra-réseau." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10240.
Full textLavigne, André. "Oxydations cupro-catalysees des amines aliphatiques : etudes mecanistiques et applications synthetiques." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066470.
Full textEl, Jamal Mouhieddine M. "Etude des causes des effets de synergie observés dans l'oxydation catalytique du propène en présence de mélanges de phases de molybdates de bismuth." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37606172z.
Full textEl, Jamal Mouhieddine Mohamad. "Etude des causes des effets de synergies observés dans l'oxydation catalytique du propène en présence de mélanges de phases de molybdates de bismuth." Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO10086.
Full textPeyrovi, Parnian. "Improved resistance to deactivation of coupled NH3-SCR/ DPF catalyst for diesel exhaust emissions control." Thesis, Lille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1R041.
Full textDiesel engines have been extensively implemented because they emit lesser CO2 than gasoline engine of equivalent power, since they work in lean condition, i.e. in excess of oxygen. Recently, Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) catalysts coated on Diesel Particulate Filters (DPF) have been introduced for automotive applications due to capability of reducing NOx and PM simultaneously. However, such implementation requires improved thermal resistance of the SCR catalyst due to the exotherms related to the periodic regeneration of DPF. The point of this manuscript is to propose a catalyst active in NOx reduction by NH3 after aging at high temperature. The first part of this manuscript details the modifications of CeV0.95W0.05O4 catalyst by adding of rare earths elements (Pr3+, Gd3+, Tb3+, and Er3+). The most promising catalyst obtained by the partial substitution of cerium by rare earths was finally Ce0.5Er0.5V0.95W0.05O4 catalyst. A partial substitution of the cerium by the erbium allows obtaining an increase of the activity after an aging at 600°C and 850°C attributed to the ability of erbium to promote thermal stability of the vanadium-containing catalysts. This behaviour might be also correlated with the characteristics of Er3+_O_V5+ bond and to their ability to alter the characteristics of the V_O bond and the acid/base surface properties. Ce0.5Er0.5V0.95W0.05O4 catalyst, an optimized formulation, is able to get a NOx conversion superior to 80% between 250 and 400°C in Fast-SCR condition after an aging at 850°C
Gouerec, Pascal. "Electrocatalyse de la reduction de l'oxygene par des chelates de cobalt con4 : effet du traitement thermique sur l'evolution de la structure macrocyclique et des performances catalytiques." Paris 6, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA066574.
Full textAneflous, Latifa. "Systèmes nano- et micro-structurés à base de dioxyde de cérium et de sesquixyde de néodyme : propriétés électriques et catalytiques des solutions solides Ce1-xNdxO2-delta." Toulon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOUL0004.
Full textTHe dioxide of cerium is used as gas sensor. Twos systems based on oxides of Ce(+IV) and of Nd(+III) are studied : a multiphase and nonostructured system, obtained by soft chemistry, at low temperature, starting from oxalates and of acetates ; a ceramics with micrometric granulometry, obtained after sintering of the nanostructured powders, to 1600°C. The structures are elucidated by DRX. Morphology is chacterized by MET coupled with the EDAX. The electric properties according to the composition in the temperature range 40-700°C are measured by SIE. With the top of 400°C, the contributions of the bulks grain boundaries and electodes are separate. Eponent n of model CPE is related to the microstructure. Conductivity reaches a maximum with neodymium 10%. The catalytic properties are studied for air-methane mixtures by spectroscopy IRTF. Measurements of conversion of methane show that these catalysts are very active at 350°C