Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Effet de la forme de l'inclusion'
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Radi, Mohamed. "Modélisation de l'effet de la forme de l'inclusion sur le comportement élasto-inélastique des polycristaux hétérogènes." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066230.
Full textBouvet, Christophe. "De l'uniaxial au multiaxial : comportement pseudoélastique des alliages à mémoire de forme." Phd thesis, Besançon, 2001. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/2991/1/Bouvet_2991..pdf.
Full textSalzemann, Caroline. "Nanocristaux de Cuivre de taille et forme variables : étude structurale et propriétés optiques." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066297.
Full textSolignac, Manon. "Véhicule électrique et forme urbaine : une évaluation prospective." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1010/document.
Full textThis thesis brings precisions on the measure of the emissions reduction potential in cities and the cost of electric vehicle by taking into account users driving patterns. Studies on electric vehicles or other solutions belonging to the "technological lever" compute emissions reduction potential and cost without discerning the local specificities of the areas where it would be used and the use that would be done of these vehicles. These studies don't take into account the other policies implemented in the area, including the ones that operate on a different lever such as the "mobility structure lever" : volume of activity and modal shares. Policies for reducing CO$_2$ emissions are often discussed independently and ignore the possible retroactions. To improve the evaluation of the potential of the electric vehicle, it seems essential to take into account the environment in which it would be developed. We use a urban economics model to first look at the spatial features of the city, and so at the use of this vehicle. Then we compute the impacts of the simultaneous introduction of the electric vehicle and a solution belonging to the "mobility structure lever" : the greenbelt. These two last points allow us to highlight the interdependency of the two action levers : technology and mobility structure. Then we take into account the use of the car by the households and the uncertainty around electric vehicle introduction, to improve the evaluation of the cost of this solution
Lamiri, Abdelghâni. "Effet de la température sur les transitions de forme de l’ADN et de polynucléotides." Nancy 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN10158.
Full textAbadie, Joël. "Etude et réalisation de micro-actionneurs intégrés à base d'alliage à mémoire de forme." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007461.
Full textBoissière, Rémi. "Effet de la température sur les capacités de mise en forme d'alliages de magnésium corroyés." Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPG0104.
Full textAeronautic shows a growing interest for magnesium alloys. This thesis, performed in the context of a European pro gram deals with the effect oftemperature on the forming capacities ofvarious magnesium alloys sheets. At room temperature, mechanical properties are strongly influenced by the crystallographic texture. Over a critical temperature which depends on the tested alloy, the forming capacity is enhanced and it has been attributed to the activation of new glide systems possibly associated with dynamic recrystallisation or to a significant contribution of grain boundary sliding. Strain localisation and damage have also been studied thanks to the use of digital images correlation and X-ray microtomogaphy. Finally, forming tests have been carried out thanks to the development of a mini deep-drawing device
Trivero, Florent. "Étude de la tenue en fatigue thermomécanique d'un alliage à mémoire de forme type Cu-Al-Ni." Lyon, INSA, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ISAL0086.
Full textThe thermomechanical fatigue of Cu-Al 13,5wt%-Ni 4wt% shape memory alloy, which transforms close to 70°C, has been studied. A static compression stress has been applied to cylindrical samples during a large number of thermal cycles (about 10 000). A new thermomechanical fatigue machine has been built which is able to realize an automatic thermal cycling of four samples between room temperature and about 150°C. Every cycle induces the martensitic and reverse transformations of the samples. The influence of the applied stress and of the thermal cycle number on high and law temperature strains has been measured as well as the memory effect is almost constant during the fatigue life even for large stresses. However, the high and law temperature shapes of the samples exhibit a continuous drift with the thermal cycle number. It also has been shown that this drift can be highly reduced by the use of a thrust limiting the deformation in the martensitic state. Another way to reduce the drift is the previous thermal cycling with hi her stress than the test stress used for the fatigue. These results have been confirmed by bending tests leaded with the same alloy
Zhang, Hongji. "Matériaux polymères à mémoire de forme et autoréparables contrôlés par la lumière via un effet photothermique." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/5337.
Full textDoussau, de Bazignan Adélaïde. "Essais cliniques de recherche de dose en oncologie : d'un schéma d'essai permettant l'inclusion continue à l’utilisation des données longitudinales de toxicité." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA11T013/document.
Full textPhase I dose-finding trials aim at identifying the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). The “3+3” design requires an interruption of enrolment while the evaluation of the previous three patients is pending. In pediatric oncology, investigators proposed the Rolling 6 design to allow for a more continuous enrollment. In a simulation study, we showed that an adaptive dose-finding design, with dose allocation guided by a statistical model not only minimizes accrual suspension as with the rolling 6, and but also led to identify more frequently the MTD. However, the performance of these designs in terms of correct identification of the MTD is limited by the binomial variability of the main outcome: the occurrence of dose-limiting toxicity over the first cycle of treatment. We have then proposed a new adaptive design using repeated ordinal data of toxicities experienced during all the cycles of treatment. We aim at identifying the dose associated with a specified tolerable probability of severe toxicity per cycle. The outcome was expressed as the worst toxicity experienced, in three categories (severe / moderate / no toxicity), repeated at each treatment cycle. It was modeled through a proportional odds mixed model. This model enables to seek for cumulated toxicity with time, and to increase the ability to identify the targeted dose, with no increased risk of toxicity, and without delaying study completion. We also compared this ordinal model to a more parsimonious logistic mixed model.Because of their applicability and efficiency, those models for longitudinal data should be more often used in phase I dose-finding trials
Renault, Cécile. "Recherche de matiere noire galactique par effet de microlentille gravitationnelle sous forme d'objets compacts de faible masse." Paris 7, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA077330.
Full textMoutoussamy, Joël. "Nouvelles solutions de capteurs à effet de magnétoimpédance géante : principe, modélisation et performances." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00505744/fr/.
Full textAmong the high sensitivity magnetic field measurements principles that are eligible for terrestrial and planetary plasmas wave investigations, Giant MagnetoImpedance (GMI) sensors arouse interest even beyond space applications. Known as the variation of micro-wire, ribbon and sandwich impedance provoked by the magnetic field amplitude, GMI are excited with a high frequency current directly flowing through the ferromagnetic conductor element. It is known that the skin depth is the main responsible phenomenon that involves the giant impedance collapse through the variation of the differential magnetic permeability. Inheriting from the latter principle, new GMI transducers use either one ferromagnetic ribbon with a coil wounded around like planar inductor or either two ribbons gripping the N turns as wounded sandwich. The insulated coil is used both for magnetic excitation and for the measurement, and its inductive behaviour shifts at very low frequency excitation (5kHz- 1MHz), the detection of the static magnetic field or slowly dynamic magnetic field (F<1kHz). Coiled GMI pattern simplify the process of transducer design and improve the magnetic excitation which can be apply in the two ribbon axis direction allowing to access to all component of the anisotropic magnetic permeability tensor corresponding to the relative directions between the static magnetic field and the magnetic anisotropy in a favourable demagnetizing field configuration. The beginning of the present study concerns an experimental investigation of the classical GMI and the coiled GMI using different magnetic material such nanocristallin ribbon annealed under transverse or longitudinal magnetic field, mumetal ribbon and ferrite core. Results have also concerned the main influence of the demagnetizing field occurred in sample with different geometry. Performances criteria are defined by the impedance and the intrinsic sensitivity which replaced the MI ratio. Concluding on the major role of the differential permeability, the work concerns the modeling of the permeability tensor from the Landau-Lisfhitz-Gilbert dynamic magnetization equation combined with monotonous decreasing permeability which has been correlated with the experiment. The model that is proposed consists in a combination between the transverse and longitudinal permeability related to the magnetization rotation mechanism and the longitudinal permeability related to the wall displacement phenomenon. From the electromagnetic model based on the skin effect and the intrinsic parity of the magnetic excitation field appearing in coil, the coiled GMI concept is generalized with the two positions of the coil and both the diagonal component and crossed component of the permeability tensor can be exploited. In order to valid the complete model, the calculated impedance and intrinsic sensitivity are compared to the experimental results in the case of the transverse anisotropy and longitudinal and transverse coil
Goo, Byeong-Choon. "Modélisation micromécanique du comportement thermomécanique d'alliages à mémoire de forme monocristallins et polycristallins." Besançon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BESA2057.
Full textCallies, Sophie. "Analyse pharmacocinétique de population d'une forme à libération prolongée d'un hypertenseur, la moxonidine." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05P211.
Full textMoutoussamy, Joel. "Nouvelles solutions de capteurs à effet de magnétoimpédance géante : principe, modélisation et performances." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00505744.
Full textRafanomezantsoa, Solofonirina. "Modélisation par éléments finis du comportement des alliages à mémoire de forme." Lille 1, 2001. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2001/50376-2001-347.pdf.
Full textFlores, Zuniga Horacio. "Etude du vieillissement de la phase β (beta) et de l'effet mémoire double sens dans un alliage du type Cu-Al-Be." Lyon, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAL0107.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is the study of beta phase resistance to ageing of a Cu-11. 9 wt. % Al-0. 5wt. % Be. This metastable phase suffers a martensitic transformation at law temperature (223 K), which is responsible of shape memory properties. The beta ageing produces a different phases precipitation depending on temperature. Precipitates were identified by optic and electron microscopies. The beta phase stability is studied by differential scanning calorimetry, and thermo-electrical power, from these results a curve was deduced. It is also studied the two way memory effect of this alloy, after a thermo-mechanical treatment called training. The thermal degradation kinetics was studied. From the results of transmission electron microscopy it is concluded that this degradation depends on two phenomena, dislocation annealing and precipitation
Chastaing, Karine. "Etude d'alliages à mémoire de forme base Ru pour applications hautes températures." Paris 6, 2007. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005013.
Full textShape memory alloys (SMAs) have the ability to perform both sensing and actuating functions. The operating temperatures of most SMAs depend on their martensitic transformation (MT) temperature. Ru-based alloys demonstrate both shape memory effect and high MT temperatures, which makes them a very promising option for high temperature SMAs. The determination of the crystallographic structures and the MT temperatures, which demonstrate both high stability and low hysteresis, enabled to clarify the literature phase diagram and to separate Ru-based alloys into two categories: • Alloys undergoing a single MT which takes place on cooling from the cubic B2 beta-phase to a body centered tetragonal beta’-phase. This MT gives rise to a highly twinned microstructure with a (101) compound twinning mode • Alloys undergoing two displacive transformations on cooling as follows: beta beta’ beta’’. The second transformation gives rise to a monoclinic beta’’ phase, which formation involves translation variants. The maximal shape recovery associated to each transformation was quantitatively studied and related to in situ TEM observations of the mechanisms involved during deformation. It was shown that the beta/beta’ MT is mainly responsible for the SME. Thermomechanical cycling was undertaken to perform the beta/beta’ MT under constant load and was able to induce two-way shape memory effect
DA, ROCHA BERTRAND. "Torsades de pointe sous astemizole : revelation d'une forme fruste du syndrome du qt long familial : a propos de deux observations." Lille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL2M300.
Full textPiat, Jean Philippe. "Fabrication des minigranules à libération prolongée : essais en granulateur à rotor et en système Wurster." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05P251.
Full textLaverhne-Taillard, Karine. "Etude du comportement thermomécanique des alliages à mémoire de forme sous sollicitations multiaxiales complexes." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DENSA001.
Full textThe specific behaviour of Shape Memory Alloys (SMA) is due to a solid-solid transformation called martensitic transformation. This reversible transformation consists mainly in a shear without volume change and is activated either by stress or temperature. Despite all the properties of SMA are well known for one-dimensional mechanical loadings, the modelling of the 3D behaviour remains difficult. In a first step, we consider the experimental validation of a conjecture concerning the proportionality of the equivalent transformation strain with the martensite volume fraction. Therefore we perform tension-compression-torsion tests coupled with electrical resistance measurements on a Cu-Al-Be SMA. The behaviour of this alloy is sharply influenced by its crystallographic texture. Otherwise, numerical simulations on different textures and for several multiaxial loadings are performed. The experimental database is so completed in order to validate the choices made for the modelling. Finally, we perform several tension-torsion proportional and non-proportional, non-isothermal tests on a Ni-Ti SMA. The existence of an equivalent stress, able to describe the yield stress for phase-R reorientation is so highlighted
Lombard, Laurent. "Méthodes non linéaires de remise en forme de faisceau pour amplificateur de puissance à fibre multimode." Paris 11, 2005. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00160884.
Full textThe recent development of quasi-singlemode large mode area fibers has led to a quick rise in fiber laser power. Indeed, the large core prevents nonlinear effects and increases damage threshold. In order to further increase the core diameter, we propose an alternative approach using a very large core multimode fiber amplifier followed by a nonlinear beam cleanup interaction to restore a diffraction limited beam profile. Two concepts have been studied:- in the first one the beam quality is restored by two-wave mixing in a Rh:BaTiO3 photorefractive crystal. An original scheme has been proposed and experimentally validated. This mode converter can change any depolarized, aberrated and coherent laser beam into a diffraction-limited beam,- the second one is a result of a detailed theoretical and experimental study of stimulated Brillouin backscattering (SBS) in multimode fibers. It is well known that both phase conjugation and beam cleanup behavior are observed by SBS in multimode fibers, but the reasons why each effect occur are not clear. The study defines the conditions in which phase conjugation (short step index fibers) or beam cleanup (gradient index fibers) are more likely to occur. An original geometry has been proposed and experimentally demonstrated. We obtain efficient and highly stable beam cleanup in a multimode gradient index fiber by using a self-aligned loop geometry. Beam cleanup is achieved by efficient reflection of the multimode beam to the fundamental gradient index fiber mode
Martin, Isabelle. "Prescription, efficacité et tolérance des comprimés de sulfate de morphine à libération prolongée : synthèse de deux études." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05P029.
Full textBoscher, David. "Modélisation mécanique et simulation numérique de la mise en forme de bimatériaux métal-élastomère utilisés dans la fabrication des coulisses de vitre pour automobile : analyse des risques de striction." Paris 13, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA132027.
Full textJulienne, Fanon. "Fragmentation des plastiques : effet de l’environnement et de la nature du polymère sur la taille et la forme des fragments générés." Thesis, Le Mans, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LEMA1033.
Full textPlastic wastes have been accumulating for several decades in the oceans where they break up into particles called microplastics when their size is less than 5 mm. These microplastics are found in all earth’s waters, in sediments and in many marine organisms. Their long-term physico-chemical fate and their possible fragmentation into nanoplastics are complex, still poorly documented and require laboratory studies.In order to understand the processes related to photodegradation and fragmentation of polymers, but also in order to understand the evolution of these fragments during irradiation, an accelerated aging protocol in abiotic conditions has been set up. The oxidation and fragmentation of two model polymers, low density polyethylene and polypropylene, were monitored using spectroscopic techniques (InfraRed, Raman), DSC, contact angles and microscopic technics (light microscopy, polarized light, SEM, AFM ...).This work has demonstrated a significant influence of the environment and the initial morphology of the polymers on their kinetics of aging and cracking mechanisms. This lead to significantly different distributions in numbers, sizes and shapes of the generated fragments. Moreover, after a long time of irradiaiton, other degradation products could be detected but the significant production of nanoplastics has not been demonstrated. The possibility of a size limit below which the fragmentation rate of plastics would strongly decrease should be considered
Lavernhe, Taillard Karine. "Etude du comportement thermomécanique des Alliages à Mémoire de Forme sous sollicitations multiaxiales complexes." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00200906.
Full textDans un premier temps, nous nous intéressons à la validation expérimentale directe d'une relation entre la fraction volumique de martensite et la déformation de transformation qui est utilisée dans de nombreux modèles. Pour cela des essais en traction-compression-torsion avec suivi de résistance électrique sur un AMF de type Cu-Al-Be sont réalisés. Ces essais mettent en évidence les effets de la texture de ces alliages sur leur comportement.
Par ailleurs, des simulations numériques de type micro-macro sont réalisées, pour différentes textures et pour différents trajets multiaxiaux proportionnels. Ces simulations complètent, d'une part, la base de données expérimentale, et permettent, d'autre part, de valider les hypothèses retenues pour la modélisation.
Enfin, des essais anisothermes de traction compression torsion proportionnels et non proportionnels sont réalisés sur un AMF de type Ni-Ti. Une surface de début de réorientation de phase R est ainsi mise en évidence.
Demare, Sandrine. "Comprimés flottants de théophylline et d'aminophylline : utilisation de polymères hydrophyles." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05P229.
Full textCoër, Jérémy. "Mise en forme par emboutissage en température d’un alliage d’aluminium Aa5754-o." Lorient, 2013. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01010290.
Full textThe studied material is an Al-Mg alloy (AA5754 -O) used in the automotive industry for the fabrication of inner body panels. At room temperature this material is subject to the Portevin-Le Chatelier ( PLC ) phenomenon that result in stretcher lines on the surface of the deep drawn parts, preventing its use for appearance parts. To improve the understanding of the material behavior, tensile and simple shear tests were carried out at temperatures ranging from 20 to 200°C. These two loading paths allowed to define the domain of existence of the PLC effect as a function of temperature and strain rate, by mean of an optical measurement of the deformation. In parallel, the formability of the material was evaluated from the deep drawing of cylindrical cups (Swift test). To investigate the influence of temperatures on the formability and the springback (through the Demeri test), a device was developed to draw cylindrical cups at temperatures up to 200 °C. This device allows, through interchangeable inserts coated (or not) by thin film W-Ti-N, to change the properties of the contact between the sheet and the tool in order to analyze the influence of friction on the process and consequences on the springback, depending on temperatures and the type of insert used. Numerical simulations of this process at room temperature were performed with the Finite Element code Abaqus®, using the coefficients of the material behavior laws identified via the experimental database. Numerical simulations are then compared with experimental results
Ribière, Philippe. "Étude de la compaction des milieux granulaires : de l'échelle locale à l'échelle globale." Rennes 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN1S109.
Full textBriffaud, Thierry. "Synthèse et caractérisation de polyoxadiazoles-1,3,4." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10017.
Full textLambert, Mathieu. "Etude expérimentale de la sensibilité mécanique d'alliages d'aluminium à des chargements cumulés de fatigue et de choc." Bordeaux 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR13047.
Full textTian, Wei. "Développement d'un banc de mesure de la forme d'onde de signaux dynamiques complexes par échantillonnage électro-optique." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00841606.
Full textAndrianatrehina, Ndriamihaja Livah. "Etude du comportement triaxial non drainé de matériaux granulaires ; effet de la teneur en fines et de la forme des courbes granulométriques." Ecole nationale d'ingénieurs (Saint-Etienne), 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENISE017.
Full textInteraction of water with dams and dikes makes them vulnerable to erosion phenomena and can, in some cases, result in their failure. In this thesis, a large number of granular materials was made, with different shapes of the grain size distribution curves and different percentages of fines (<0. 315 mm), and a maximum size of grains equal to 16 mm. The aim is to study the influence of the grain size distribution, on the behavior of the soils on undrained triaxial paths on one hand, on the internal stability of these materials on the other hand. The material stability, according to Kenney and Lau criterium (1985, 1986), was confronted with the results of other criteria. The criteria diverge on the classification of the stability of the materials and it seems better to associate two criteria to estimate it. Undrained triaxial tests were carried out on samples at different relative densities under 3 confining stresses of 50, 100 and 200 kPa. The tests showed that the percentage of fines influences the behavior of materials. For low fines contents, it is the intergranular void ratio which plays the major part in the bahavior of the materials whereas, for higher fines contents, it is rather the inter-fines void ratio which permits to describe the behaviour of the granular materials. For materials with continuous grain size distribution under given test conditions, the increase in pore-watr pressure and the corresponding deviatoric stress remain constant up to a fines content of 30%; beyond this percentage, these values decrease. In the case of discontinuous grain size distribution, no clear logic is highlighted. During some triaxial tests, grain migration is observed in the specimens with discontinuous distribution, which results in a change in the mechanical properties of these soils. The tests provide a clearer view of the relations between these two aspects
Coativy, Gildas. "Optimisation des propriétés de mémoire de forme de l’amidon : rôle des procédés thermomécaniques et apport de l’introduction de nanocharges." Nantes, 2013. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=dd59b6e5-214f-4120-a9fc-fc73e3210d86.
Full textStarch has shape memory properties: after hot forming and quenching, it is able to recover its initial shape by crossing the glass transition, by heating and/or by moisture uptake. The target of the present work is to improve the material’s thermomechanical performances during shape recovery. Two approaches were studied: the optimization of the hot forming process and the introduction of lamellar nanofillers (montmorillonites) in the matrix by twin screw extrusion. Model processes and specific structural and thermomechanical characterization methods allowed optimizing the elaboration process and allowed a better understanding of the shape memory and stress relaxation mechanisms. Composites containing 1 to 10% of nanofillers have been processed using a twin screw microcompounder allowing simulating the extrusion process. The best dispersion states were obtained without addition of a surfactant. Indeed, an aggregation of the nanoparticles was induced by the cationic starch used. The obtained bionanocomposites showed a significant increase of mechanical performances, without decrease of the shape memory properties and with an improvement of the relaxation stress. However, the shape relaxation kinetics appears to be slowed down. This could be related to a modification of the macromolecular dynamics observed in presence of the nanofiller by calorimetry and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis
Gleize, Béatrice. "Effets de l'apport en acides gras polyinsaturés Oméga 3 sous forme de phospholipides : étude chez le rat et sur modèle cellulaire." Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX20662.
Full textMany studies have shown that the increase of omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids intake induces beneficial effects on various diseases such as cardiac, neurological and inflammatory diseases. Our work aims to better understand the effects of omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supplementation and in particular docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6 ω3) rich phospholipids supplementation on both fatty acid metabolism and cellular functionality. We showed by an in vivo study in rats that diet supplementation with DHA enriched phospholipids at various amounts results in a modification of the fatty acid composition of blood lipids with, in particular, an accretion of the arachidonic acid level (C20:4 ω6). This increase is correlated negatively with the omega 6 PUFA intake but positively with the DHA intake. The effect of the DHA supplementation on fatty acid metabolism seems to be dose dependent with a bell-shaped curve and probably liked to the PUFA vectorization form. The in vitro study on a cellular model showed that the addition of various amount of PUFA under the form of phospholipids modifies the biophysical properties of the membranes by modulating the fatty acid composition of the phospholipid and thereby influenced the efficiency of membrane proteins. In this study, we also showed that addition of a too high amount of omega 3 PUFA under the form of phospholipid become letal for the cells thus highlighting the critical importance of the ω6/ω3 fatty acids ratio in phospholipids. In conclusion, these two studies allowed us to show that omega 3 PUFA supplementation has an effect which can be either beneficial or detrimental depending on the dose of omega 3 PUFA supplied, the vectorization form and the ω6/ω3 ratio of the supplement
Baron, Marie-Pierre Morin Michel. "Etude du comportement des interfaces austenite/martensite et martensite/martensite de deux alliages à effet mémoire de forme le CuZnAl et le CuAlBe /." Villeurbanne : Institut national des sciences appliquées de Lyon, 1998. http://csidoc.insa-lyon.fr/these/1998/baron/index.html.
Full textBaron, Marie-Pierre. "Etude du comportement des interfaces austénite/martensite et martensite/martensite de deux alliages à effet mémoire de forme : le CuZnAl et le CuAlBe." Lyon, INSA, 1998. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/1998ISAL0082/these.pdf.
Full textShape memory alloys undergo a thermoelastic martensitic transformation. This transformation is responsible for the shape memory effect. Superelastic effect appears when a shape memory alloy is deformed at a temperature upper to Aftemperature, when sample is in an high temperature phase (austenitic phase). The application of a stress leads to the apparition of martensite variants. So, the sample is deformed (until 10% for a single crystal). When stress decreased, martensite retransforms to the high temperature state. Sample recovers its original shape. The aim of our work deals with the study of the shape memory alloy behaviour (CuZnAl and CuAlBe) during a superelastic cycle mesured by a tensile machine. A second part of our work has consisted of the study of the martensitic phase during internal friction measurements (in a torsion pendulum), at a constant temperature and as a function of time. Our results can be explained by a pinning of the interfaces by quenched-in vacancies and by a short range reordering of martensite atom pairs
Boué, Christine. "Micromatrices : application aux microsphères d'acétobutyrate de cellulose chargées en carbamazépine à libération prolongée par voie orale." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05P168.
Full textGennequin, Cédric. "Etude catalytique d'oxydes mixtes à base de cobalt, magnésium et aluminium dérivés de précurseurs de type hydrotalcite pour l'oxydation totale des composés organiques volatils." Littoral, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DUNK0217.
Full textBulk Co, Mg and Al catalysts were synthesised via hydrotalcite precursors for total oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOC). Upon calcination, hydrotalcite can be transformed into mixtures of metal oxides with desirable properties such as high specific area, good thermal stability. The characterizations have shown that, whatever the Co/Mg ratio, Co6-xMgxAl2 hydrotalcite type has been synthesised. After calcination at 500°C, the Co6Al2 sample prepared via hydrotalcite route produces the best results in the toluene exidation. Meanwhile, a study of supported catalyst using MgAl hydrotalcite precursor was conducted. After calcination of hydrotalcite precursor, results showed the formation of Mg(Al)O oxides for the low calcination temperatures and a Mg(Al)O and MgAl2O4 mixture for the high calcination temperatures. These solids can be reconstructed by “memory effect” into hydrotalcite form after Co impregnation. This reconstruction leads to a different dispersion and Co species on the support. The calcination of these impregnated solids leads to catalysts which performances depend on the calcination temperatures of hydrotalcite support. Thus, the cobalt deposition on previously calcined hydrotalcite at 700°C shows the highest activity in the toluene oxidation
Naceur, Hakim. "Contribution à l'optimisation de forme de structures minces en présence de non linéarités géométriques et matérielles." Compiègne, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1999COMP1137.
Full textCardin, Nicolas. "Effet de la contrainte normale électrique sur la forme d'une interface liquide-vapeur dans une rainure carrée : amélioration des performances hydrodynamiques d'un caloduc capillaire." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02612823.
Full textThis project aims to demonstrate the feasibility and value of using electrohydrodynamic (EHD) inside flat plate heat pipes (FPHP). FPHPs are passive devices able to transfer high heat fluxes with low temperature differences owing to phase change heat transfer and capillarity. A numerical model, devoted to the study the shape of a meniscus trapped in a square groove in the presence of an electric stress, is developed. Particular attention is paid to the detailed understanding of the linkages between EHD phenomena, wetting or electro-wetting and capillarity. Dimensionless results from the numerical study are provided in order to be used as abacus for the design of EHD FPHP. Two experimental benches, sharing the same capillary structure made of square grooves, are studied. The first experimental bench devoted to study the local effect of the electric field on the interface shape in the absence of heat flux, by means of a confocal microscope. The experimental results are obtained with a DC electric field and with an AC electric field by means of a vobulation methodology. The experimental results are compared to the numerical results for validation purposes. The second experimental bench is devoted to the study of the effect of an electric field on the thermal performances of a FPHP. The temperature profiles along the FPHP are recorded with thermocouples, while the effect of the electric field on the liquid distribution are recorded by means of a camera. The experimental results proves useful to define the prospects for further experimental an numerical studies to expand the knowledge about of the effect on the use of an electric field in a FPHP
Pipard, Jean-Marc. "Modélisation du comportement élasto-viscoplastique des aciers multiphasés pour la simulation de leur mise en forme." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00668551.
Full textFizanne, Cécile. "Evaluation par nanoindentation des propriétés mécaniques locales d’alliages de titane superélastiques et à mémoire de forme." Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAR0005/document.
Full textTitanium and titanium alloys presents remarkable characteristics which can be modulated due to the many different microstructures that is possible to obtain. Thanks to this huge variety, titanium and its alloys can exhibit many properties. Among the most interesting, there may be mentioned their corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, but also their excellent mechanical properties (strength, ductility, toughness, creep…). For all these reasons, interest for of titanium alloys has been growing in many areas. Indeed they are now widely used in the aerospace and chemical industries, but also in architecture, naval, automotive, sports or medicine. Nanoindentation is commonly used nowadays to determine local mechanical properties of materials. For example, this technique allows the characterization of metallic alloys having a polycrystalline microstructure. The size of the indenter in nanoindentation being small (few microns to few tens microns), and consequently this technique is ideal for characterizing the surface mechanical properties of different grains of a material. It allows simultaneous measurement of the hardness and the elastic modulus. If nanoindentation tests are associated with a XY motorized test bed, a wide array of indents can be achieved with a step of few micrometers. Thanks to this technique and as part of this thesis, we have realized at first hardness and elastic modulus mapping (HIPF and EIPF). In a second time, we have evaluated unconventional properties of titanium alloys, such as shape memory effect and superelasticity. In the first part of the study, nanoindentation was correlated with EBSD (Electron backscattered diffraction) to identify the relationship between the crystallographic orientation of a grain and its mechanical properties. The study was conducted on the Ti-30Nb and Ti-27Nb (at.%) alloy compositions having a bodycentered cubic structure ( phase), and the commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) having a hexagonal close packed structure ( phase). In the second part of the study, nanoindentation was used to measure the shape memory effect (SM) and the superelasticity (SE) of various titanium alloys through a range of indentation depth. The measurement of these unconventional properties was performed from the study of load-displacement curves for each indentation test. The magnitude of the SE and SM effect was characterized by depth and work ratios determined from the study of nanoindentation curves and AFM profiles
Kuo, Li-Chen. "Le noir comme invention du cinéma : matière, forme, dispositif." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCA118/document.
Full textEven though black is the antipode of light it is nevertheless inseparable from the world of cinema. What is black in cinema? A figure of shadow or darkness in the image that is also present as such. Black without representation and with its singular physical reality. This blackness is above all a technical condition which is hidden but which plays a decisive role in the production of optical illusions and the creation of fiction. It is also omnipresent in the entire process of making the cinematographic image. Black plays with light and conditions visibility and invisibility. In this sense it invents cinema. Black also offers another way of understanding what cinema is and how it works. This study will first deal with the material aspect of photography: photochemical blackening and the ideas it suggests as a process of image formation and dissolution. I will then portray the different effects produced by black- the black shape a rhetorical and mechanical tool. When it intervenes as a form in the image, of the image, and between the image. Finally, I will discuss how black can be an invading device of the screen and the projection space and reveal its role as a visual spectacle apparatus: the construction of an access to illusion and revelation. Each part of this outline will be dealt with in a historical, technical and aesthetic way. We will see in particular in artistic and experimental attempts that the emphasis on black makes it possible to reveal the characteristics of the cinematographic medium or even to re-invent cinema. This quest for blackness is revealed as a quest for the nature of cinema. A nature that the film industry is trying to erase. Black makes you see but it makes you see differently
Ulldemolins, Michel. "Étude du silicium et du germanium sous forme de couche mince en tant qu’électrode négative de (micro)accumulateur lithium-ion." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14944/document.
Full textSilicon which has a theoretical capacity of 3579 mAh.g-1 and low insertion/deinsertion potentials is one of the most promising candidates to replace graphite as a negative electrode in lithium-ion batteries. Moreover, silicon could replace lithium in microbatteries to make them compatible with the solder-reflow. However, this high capacity associated with a dense material leads to high volumetric variations which are a starting point to various issues resulting in poor cycle performances. During this thesis, electrochemical behavior of silicon is evaluated on thin films electrodes. This allows avoiding the use of binder and charges, and it leads to better cycle performances which emphasizes slow phenomenon, not yet measurable on conventional composite electrode
Bazinette, Rémy. "Effet de la forme d'excitation électrique sur une décharge contrôlée par barrière diélectrique (dbd) à la pression atmosphérique et application au dépôt de couche mince." Thesis, Pau, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PAUU3009/document.
Full textThe homogeneous discharge controlled by dielectric barrier at atmospheric pressure and their applications are a promising field of activity because of their advantages in contrast with the low pressure processes, especially for the on line treatment of large surface without pumping system. The physics of these discharges as the thin film properties obtained are well established with low frequency sinusoidal (<200 kHz) and radiofrequency excitation (13.56MHz). This is what is explored in this thesis aimed to find and explore new modes of homogeneous DBD and maximizing the power to optimize the deposition rate while maintaining quality thin layers. To achieve this goal, an original device has been developed varying the excitation frequency from 100 kHz to 18 MHz. The frequency increase on this range have many consequences. In an Ar-NH3 mixture, the discharge regime becomes successively a glow (GDBD) then Townsend (TDBD) around 250 kHz then RF-DBD from 3 MHz. The electrical and optical measurements that have been done show that the average power of the homogeneous discharges increases by a factor of 30 between GDBD regime and RF-DBD regime (up to 35 W/cm3) while the breakdown voltage is reduced by a factor 6. These observations coupled to the discharge emission spectra indicate that the electron density increases by several orders of magnitude while their energy decreases. These results are due to a change of the ionization mechanism with a dominant role of the secondary electron emission at the cathode in low frequency regime (GDBD and TDBD) while the volume ionization is dominate in RF-DBD. Both transitions between GDBD-TDBD regimes and TDBD-RF-DBD are studied. The first is related to the ion transit from the anode to the cathode which becomes longer than the half-period. In consequence, the cathode fall is not formed. The second transition is related to ions and electrons trapping which depends on the applied voltage, the value of the inter-electrode space and frequency.These discharges regime are compared to Nanopulsed repetitively discharge (NPR-DBD). The conditions leading to a homogeneous discharge are found. In homogeneous regime the maximum of the discharge power is 17 W/cm3 which is 17 times higher than for a low sinusoidal voltage for the same frequency. It is obtained for a repetition frequency of 30 kHz with a 10 ns voltage pulse. Hydrogenated silica and silicon nitride thin film obtained from SiH4 with GDBD, RF-DBD and NPR-DBD were studied. In all cases, the deposition rate is defined by the discharge power. The increase of the discharge power with the frequency increases the deposition rate from 30 nm/min to 90 nm/min. However with the use of silane at room temperature, nanoparticles are formed in RF regime when the discharge power is high. The amplitude modulation allows to prevent the formation of powders. AS far as the energy injected during Ton is less than 100 μJ. As the precursors are not consumed by the formation of powders, they are available for the growth of the layer thereby doubling the deposition rate compared to the continuous process for the same average power. Increasing the growth rate without powders with the average power requires an increase in the modulation frequency (> 1 kHz) i.e. a short Ton to limit the injected energy. Thus this work has highlighted a new discharge regime, the TDBD in Ar-NH3 and compared the GDBD, TDBD, RF-DBD and NRP-DBD discharge in the same configuration. For the first time, RF-DBD coating have been made and it has been shown that modulation of plasma, although it decreases the discharge power, can significantly increase the deposition rate
Delanian, Sylvie. "Effet therapeutique de la superoxyde dismutase cu/zn sous forme liposomiale dans la fibrose radio-induite cutaneo-musculaire : de la clinique a la biologie moleculaire." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05S009.
Full textQUEINNEC, FRANCOIS. "Recherche de matiere noire galactique sous forme d'objets compacts de masse comprise entre 10-#7 et 10-#4 masse solaire par effet de microlentille gravitationnelle." Paris 7, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA077181.
Full textThibaud, Sébastien. "Contributions à la modelisation des aciers à effet trip en mise en forme : simulations et influences des procédés de fabrication sur le comportement en service." Besançon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BESA2063.
Full textMekideche, Abdeslam. "Effet mémoire de forme et plasticité de transformation dûs à la transition C. F. C. ↔T. F. C. D'alliages Mn Cu riches en Mn." Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO19016.
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