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Journal articles on the topic 'Effet Liest'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Buratto, Luciano G., and Koen Lamberts. "List Strength Effect without List Length Effect in Recognition Memory." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 61, no. 2 (February 2008): 218–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470210701566713.

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2

Cubelli, Roberto, Angela Bartolo, Paolo Nichelli, and Sergio Della Sala. "List effect in apraxia assessment." Neuroscience Letters 407, no. 2 (October 2006): 118–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2006.08.019.

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3

Marques, Eduardo Marks de. "Children of Oryx, Children of Crake, Children of Men: Redefining the Post/Transhuman in Margaret Atwood’s “ustopian” MaddAddam Trilogy." Aletria: Revista de Estudos de Literatura 25, no. 3 (April 28, 2016): 133–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/2317-2096.25.3.133-146.

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One of the main pillars of posthuman and transhuman thought is the use of technology as a means to ameliorate human life by helping overcome the flaws and limitations of the biological body. The effect of such trends has been central to the development of contemporary, third-turn dystopian novels in English, published in the past thirty or so years. However, one important aspect of such narratives is also their list of transgressive characteristics, distancing them from their modern, second-turn counterparts. The following article aims to discuss how transgressive the ideas of dystopia and transhumanism that form Margaret Atwood’s MaddAddam trilogy are, essentially discussing whatever lies at the core of the human condition.

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4

Tomkin, Jocelyn. "What Gas Lies Behind GreenH2Ouse Effect?" Physics Today 45, no. 12 (December 1992): 13–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2809904.

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5

Shiffrin, Richard M., Roger Ratcliff, and Steven E. Clark. "List-strength effect: II. Theoretical mechanisms." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 16, no. 2 (1990): 179–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.16.2.179.

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6

Murdock, Bennet B., and Michael J. Kahana. "Analysis of the list-strength effect." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 19, no. 3 (May 1993): 689–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.19.3.689.

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7

Pycha, Anne. "False memories for morphologically simple versus complex words in English." Mental Lexicon 12, no. 1 (June 18, 2017): 71–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ml.12.1.04pyc.

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Abstract In tasks such as lexical decision, people respond differently to morphologically complex words compared to morphologically simple ones (e.g. in English, lies vs. rise). These divergent responses could conceivably arise from differences in activation levels, or alternatively, from the additional steps required to decompose complex words. To investigate this issue, we used the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) false memory paradigm, which probes activation of lexical representations by measuring the probability of recalling or recognizing a word (such as lies) after listening to a list of its phonological neighbors (such as wise, lose, lime, etc.). Our results showed a significant false memory effect for complex words, which demonstrates that similar-sounding words can activate representations for stem-plus-affix combinations. Our results also showed no significant difference between false memory rates for complex versus simple words, which suggests that complex stem-plus-affix representations activate at levels equivalent to those of simple stem representations. These findings indicate that differences in activation level probably do not lie at the source of divergent responses to complex and simple words, and that decomposition is the more likely origin.

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8

Garcia, Yann, Franz Renz, and Philipp Gütlich. "LIESST Effect in Fe(II) 1,2,4-Triazole Chains." Current Inorganic Chemistry 6, no. 1 (February 16, 2016): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1877944105666150910195707.

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9

Wilson, Jack H., and Amy H. Criss. "The list strength effect in cued recall." Journal of Memory and Language 95 (August 2017): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2017.01.006.

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10

Rose, Robert J., and Lavinia T. Sutton. "Encoding conditions and the list-strength effect." Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology/Revue canadienne de psychologie expérimentale 50, no. 3 (1996): 261–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1196-1961.50.3.261.

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11

OGAWA, Tokuko, and Kayoko KIHARA. "Serial position effect on category word list." Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 77 (September 19, 2013): 3AM—089–3AM—089. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.77.0_3am-089.

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12

Ratcliff, Roger, Steven E. Clark, and Richard M. Shiffrin. "List-strength effect: I. Data and discussion." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 16, no. 2 (1990): 163–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.16.2.163.

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13

FOLKE, OLLE, TORSTEN PERSSON, and JOHANNA RICKNE. "The Primary Effect: Preference Votes and Political Promotions." American Political Science Review 110, no. 3 (July 15, 2016): 559–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055416000241.

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In this analysis of how electoral rules and outcomes shape the internal organization of political parties, we make an analogy to primary elections to argue that parties use preference-vote tallies to identify popular politicians and promote them to positions of power. We document this behavior among parties in Sweden's semi-open-list system and in Brazil's open-list system. To identify a causal impact of preference votes, we exploit a regression discontinuity design around the threshold of winning the most preference votes on a party list. In our main case, Sweden, these narrow “primary winners” are at least 50% more likely to become local party leaders than their runners-up. Across individual politicians, the primary effect is present only for politicians who hold the first few positions on the list and when the preference-vote winner and runner-up have similar competence levels. Across party groups, the primary effect is the strongest in unthreatened governing parties.

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14

Wright, Anthony A. "Auditory List Memory in Rhesus Monkeys." Psychological Science 9, no. 2 (March 1998): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00017.

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Auditory memory of 2 rhesus monkeys was tested in a serial probe recognition task. Lists of four environmental or natural sounds were followed by a retention interval and a test. The test matched one of the list items on half of the trials. The retention interval was varied across sessions. Six experiments showed similar results and changes in the serial position function. At short retention intervals, there was good memory for first list items (primacy effect) and poor memory for last list items. At intermediate retention intervals, memory improved for last list items (recency effect). At long retention intervals (20 s and 30 s), the recency effect was strong, and the primacy effect had dissipated. These auditory primacy and recency effects and their changes with retention interval were opposite to those for visual memory. Implications for processes and mechanisms of memory are discussed.

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15

Diana, Rachel A., and Lynne M. Reder. "The list strength effect: A contextual competition account." Memory & Cognition 33, no. 7 (October 2005): 1289–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03193229.

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16

Nguyen, Khuyen, and Mark A. McDaniel. "The picture complexity effect: Another list composition paradox." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 41, no. 4 (July 2015): 1026–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/xlm0000071.

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17

Ballington, Julie. "Women's parliamentary representation: the effect of list PR." Politikon 25, no. 2 (December 1998): 77–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02589349808705065.

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18

García-López, Víctor, Mario Palacios-Corella, Salvador Cardona-Serra, Miguel Clemente-León, and Eugenio Coronado. "Spin-crossover iron(ii) complex showing thermal hysteresis around room temperature with symmetry breaking and an unusually high T(LIESST) of 120 K." Chemical Communications 55, no. 81 (2019): 12227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cc05988a.

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19

Sanz, Carlos. "The Effect of Electoral Systems on Voter Turnout: Evidence from a Natural Experiment." Political Science Research and Methods 5, no. 4 (October 12, 2015): 689–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/psrm.2015.54.

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I exploit the unique institutional framework of Spanish local elections, where municipalities follow different electoral systems depending on their population size, as mandated by a national law. Using a regression discontinuity design, I compare turnout under closed list proportional representation and under an open list, plurality-at-large system where voters can vote for individual candidates from the same or different party-lists. I find that the open list system increases turnout by between 1 and 2 percentage points. The results suggest that open list systems, which introduce competition both across and within parties, are conducive to more voter turnout.

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20

Marmurek, Harvey H. C., and Peter J. Kwantes. "Reading Words and Wirds: Phonology and Lexical Access." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 49, no. 3 (August 1996): 696–714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713755634.

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Naming latency for printed words is inversely related to their frequency. Four experiments were run to test whether the naming of non-words that are homophones of words (pseudohomophones) is similarly influenced by the frequency of those words. McCann and Besner (1987) failed to find such a frequency effect for pseudohomophones when they were presented in a list of non-words. The present studies show that list structure is critical: A frequency effect occurs for pseudohomophones in a list only of homophones and in a list containing words. The list structure effect was found for three different stimulus lists and suggests that lexical access is strategic. If none of the items in a list has a lexical entry, then pronunciation may be the product of a non-lexical process. If all items have a lexical entry that may be accessed orthographically or phonologically, then pronunciation will be the product of a lexical process.

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21

Raspa, Venanzio. "The reality of lies." Filozofija i drustvo 24, no. 2 (2013): 105–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid1302105r.

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A lie is neither a false proposition, nor a mistake, nor a mere fiction; it is a type of fiction, an act, and precisely an intentional act. An act calls for a subject, and therefore a lie is inseparable from its subject. Together, they make up a real object: it has to be real, since a lie produces effects, and the cause-effect relationship only holds between real beings. Like every real object, a lie unfolds in a (phenomenological) context. But there is more: it identifies a (dialectical) context.

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22

Gadassi, Reuma, and Itamar Gati. "The Effect of Gender Stereotypes on Explicit and Implicit Career Preferences." Counseling Psychologist 37, no. 6 (April 6, 2009): 902–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011000009334093.

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The present study compared gender differences in directly reported and indirectly derived career preferences and tested the hypothesis that individuals' implicit preferences would show less gender-biased occupational choices than their directly elicited ones. Two hundred sixty-six visitors to a career-related Internet site were asked to (a) list 5 to 10 suitable occupations (the directly reported list) and (b) report their preferences in terms of 31 career-related aspects. The latter were used to produce a short list of promising occupational alternatives (the indirectly derived list), using the occupational database of an Internet-based career planning system. Each occupation in the database rated for sex dominance. The findings indicated that the sex dominance ratings of the occupations on the directly reported list accorded with the participants' gender for both men and women: Men's lists included mostly “masculine” occupations, whereas women's lists included mostly “feminine” occupations. This gender bias was significantly lower for the implicit lists. The difference between the directly reported and the indirectly derived lists was larger for women than for men, suggesting that the impact of stereotypes is more pronounced in women's than in men's directly reported career preferences.

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23

Klauer, Karl Christoph, Jan Mierke, and Jochen Musch. "The positivity proportion effect: A list context effect in masked affective priming." Memory & Cognition 31, no. 6 (September 2003): 953–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03196448.

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24

Korsnes, Maria Stylianou. "Retention Intervals and Serial List Memory." Perceptual and Motor Skills 80, no. 3 (June 1995): 723–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1995.80.3.723.

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Pictorial stimuli were presented in serial lists and tested for recognition. 11 men and 9 women participated at retention intervals of 5, 15, and 25 sec. The length of retention interval interacted with primacy and recency effects as observed in earlier studies of abstract stimuli, indicating similar basic memory functions for different types of visual stimuli. A shift from recency to primacy dominance remained despite the likelihood of verbal rehearsal. At short retention intervals a recency effect predominated and with longer delays a primacy effect predominated recognition.

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25

Khalaf, Kinda, Shadi Balawi, George W. Hitt, and Mohammad A. M. Siddiqi. "Engineering Design Education: Effect of Mode of Delivery." International Journal of Engineering Pedagogy (iJEP) 3, S2 (February 27, 2013): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijep.v3is2.2447.

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<p class="Abstract">This work reports on the gradual transformation from traditional teaching to student-centered, pure problem-based-learning (PBL) in engineering design education. Three different PBL-based modes of delivery with various degrees of modulation or freedom were used in conjunction with the prescriptive design cycle. The aim is to study the effect of the mode of delivery (PBL at various degrees of integration) on engineering design education and design thinking skills, specifically on the development of expert-like attitudes toward design problem solving.</p>

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26

Ambrose, Paul G., Jeffrey P. Hammel, Sujata M. Bhavnani, Christopher M. Rubino, Evelyn J. Ellis-Grosse, and George L. Drusano. "Frequentist and Bayesian Pharmacometric-Based Approaches To Facilitate Critically Needed New Antibiotic Development: Overcoming Lies, Damn Lies, and Statistics." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 56, no. 3 (December 12, 2011): 1466–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01743-10.

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ABSTRACTAntimicrobial drug development has greatly diminished due to regulatory uncertainty about the magnitude of the antibiotic treatment effect. Herein we evaluate the utility of pharmacometric-based analyses for determining the magnitude of the treatment effect. Frequentist and Bayesian pharmacometric-based logistic regression analyses were conducted by using data from a phase 3 clinical trial of tigecycline-treated patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) to evaluate relationships between the probability of microbiological or clinical success and the free-drug area under the concentration-time curve from time zero to 24 h (AUC0-24)/MIC ratio. By using both the frequentist and Bayesian approaches, the magnitude of the treatment effect was determined using three different methods based on the probability of success at free-drug AUC0-24/MIC ratios of 0.01 and 25. Differences in point estimates of the treatment effect for microbiological response (method 1) were larger using the frequentist approach than using the Bayesian approach (Bayesian estimate, 0.395; frequentist estimate, 0.637). However, the Bayesian credible intervals were tighter than the frequentist confidence intervals, demonstrating increased certainty with the former approach. The treatment effect determined by taking the difference in the probabilities of success between the upper limit of a 95% interval for the minimal exposure and the lower limit of a 95% interval at the maximal exposure (method 2) was greater for the Bayesian analysis (Bayesian estimate, 0.074; frequentist estimate, 0.004). After utilizing bootstrapping to determine the lower 95% bounds for the treatment effect (method 3), treatment effect estimates were still higher for the Bayesian analysis (Bayesian estimate, 0.301; frequentist estimate, 0.166). These results demonstrate the utility of frequentist and Bayesian pharmacometric-based analyses for the determination of the treatment effect using contemporary trial endpoints. Additionally, as demonstrated by using pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic data, the magnitude of the treatment effect for patients with HAP is large.

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27

Beaman, C. Philip. "Inverting the modality effect in serial recall." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 55, no. 2 (April 2002): 371–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724980143000307.

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Differences in recall ability between immediate serial recall of auditorily and visually presented verbal material have traditionally been considered restricted to the end of to-be-recalled lists, the recency section of the serial position curve (e.g., Crowder & Morton, 1969). Later studies showed that—under certain circumstances–differences in recall between the two modalities can be observed across the whole of the list (Frankish, 1985). However in all these studies the advantage observed is for recall of material presented in the auditorily modality. Six separate conditions across four experiments demonstrate that a visual advantage can be obtained with serial recall if participants are required to recall the list in two distinct sections using serial recall. Judged on a list-wide basis, the visual advantage is of equivalent size to the auditory advantage of the classical modality effect. The results demonstrate that differences in representation of auditory and visual verbal material in short-term memory persist beyond lexical and phonological categorization and are problematic for current theories of the modality effect.

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28

Criss, Amy H., Mark E. Wheeler, and James L. McClelland. "A Differentiation Account of Recognition Memory: Evidence from fMRI." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 25, no. 3 (March 2013): 421–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00292.

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Differentiation models of recognition memory predict a strength-based mirror effect in the distributions of subjective memory strength. Subjective memory strength should increase for targets and simultaneously decrease for foils following a strongly encoded list compared with a weakly encoded list. An alternative explanation for the strength-based mirror effect is that participants adopt a stricter criterion following a strong list than a weak list. Behavioral experiments support the differentiation account. The purpose of this study was to identify the neural bases for these differences. Encoding strength was manipulated (strong, weak) in a rapid event-related fMRI paradigm. To investigate the effect of retrieval context on foils, foils were presented in test blocks containing strong or weak targets. Imaging analyses identified regions in which activity increased faster for foils tested after a strong list than a weak list. The results are interpreted in support of a differentiation account of memory and are suggestive that the angular gyrus plays a role in evaluating evidence related to the memory decision, even for new items.

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29

KISSLER, JOHANNA, and KARL-HEINZ BÄUML. "Memory retrieval in schizophrenia: Evidence from part-list cuing." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 11, no. 3 (May 2005): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617705050320.

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Schizophrenia patients are known to exhibit episodic verbal memory deficits. Although their neural origin is debated, they have often been compared to the memory problems found in temporal lobe amnesia or frontal lobe dysfunction. Furthermore, it is unclear to what extent such deficits arise at either memory encoding or retrieval. We addressed the issue of retrieval deficits in schizophrenia in a part-list cuing experiment, testing the effect of the presentation of a subset of previously learned material on the retrieval of the remaining items. The part-list cuing procedure generally impairs retrieval but previous work showed that the detrimental effects are more pronounced in amnesic participants than in healthy people, indicating a retrieval deficit under part-list cuing conditions in amnesia. In the present study, schizophrenia patients did not exhibit increased susceptibility to part-list cuing effects and thus showed no increased retrieval inhibition from part-list cuing. Moreover, in part-list cuing, schizophrenia patients did not mirror the pattern found in amnesia, demonstrating a dissociation between amnesia and schizophrenia patients with respect to this particular memory effect. Implications for the neural basis of the part-list cuing effect and of memory disturbances in schizophrenia are discussed. (JINS, 2005, 11, 273–280.)

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30

Schmidt, James R. "List-level transfer effects in temporal learning: Further complications for the list-level proportion congruent effect." Journal of Cognitive Psychology 26, no. 4 (March 14, 2014): 373–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20445911.2014.896367.

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31

Bäuml, Karl-heinz. "The list-strength effect: Strength-dependent competition or suppression?" Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 4, no. 2 (June 1997): 260–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03209403.

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32

BEDNALL, ELIZABETH S. "The effect of screen format on visual list search." Ergonomics 35, no. 4 (April 1992): 369–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00140139208967819.

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33

Kemmer, N., R. Syed, C. Albers, E. Franco, H. Osman-Mohamed, J. Horkan, E. Cece, E. Parkinson, and A. Alsina. "Evolving Trends in Wait List Registrations: The NAFLD Effect." Transplantation 98 (July 2014): 834–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007890-201407151-02849.

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34

Yonelinas, Andrew P., William E. Hockley, and Bennet B. Murdock. "Tests of the list-strength effect in recognition memory." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 18, no. 2 (March 1992): 345–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.18.2.345.

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35

Gatti, Lucia, Marta Pizzetti, and Peter Seele. "Green lies and their effect on intention to invest." Journal of Business Research 127 (April 2021): 228–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.01.028.

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36

Polage, Danielle. "The effect of telling lies on belief in the truth." Europe’s Journal of Psychology 13, no. 4 (November 30, 2017): 633–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v13i4.1422.

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The current study looks at the effect of telling lies, in contrast to simply planning lies, on participants’ belief in the truth. Participants planned and told a lie, planned to tell a lie but didn’t tell it, told an unplanned lie, or neither planned nor told a lie (control) about events that did not actually happen to them. Participants attempted to convince researchers that all of the stories told were true. Results show that telling a lie plays a more important role in inflating belief scores than simply preparing the script of a lie. Cognitive dissonance may lead to motivated forgetting of information that does not align with the lie. This research suggests that telling lies may lead to confusion as to the veracity of the lie leading to inflated belief scores.

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37

Toglia, Michael P., Philip J. Hinman, Bradley S. Dayton, and John F. Catalano. "The Blocked-Random Effect in Pictures and Words." Perceptual and Motor Skills 84, no. 3 (June 1997): 976–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1997.84.3.976.

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Picture and word recall was examined in conjunction with list organization. 60 subjects studied a list of 30 items, either words or their pictorial equivalents. The 30 words/pictures, members of five conceptual categories, each represented by six exemplars, were presented either blocked by category or in a random order. While pictures were recalled better than words and a standard blocked-random effect was observed, the interaction indicated that the recall advantage of a blocked presentation was restricted to the word lists. A similar pattern emerged for clustering. These findings are discussed in terms of limitations upon the pictorial superiority effect.

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38

Peters, Kim, and Miguel A. Fonseca. "Truth, Lies, and Gossip." Psychological Science 31, no. 6 (May 26, 2020): 702–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797620916708.

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It is widely assumed that people will share inaccurate gossip for their own selfish purposes. This assumption, if true, presents a challenge to the growing body of work positing that gossip is a ready source of accurate reputational information and therefore is welfare improving. We tested this inaccuracy assumption by examining the frequency and form of spontaneous lies shared between gossiping members of networks playing a series of one-shot trust games ( N = 320). We manipulated whether gossipers were or were not competing with each other. We showed that lies make up a sizeable minority of messages and are twice as frequent under gossiper competition. However, this had no discernible effect on trust levels. We attribute this to the findings that (a) gossip targets are insensitive to lies and (b) some lies are welfare enhancing. These findings suggest that lies need not prevent—and may help—gossip to serve reputational functions.

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39

SMITS, ERICA, DOMINIEK SANDRA, HEIKE MARTENSEN, and TON DIJKSTRA. "Phonological inconsistency in word naming: Determinants of the interference effect between languages." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 12, no. 1 (January 2009): 23–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728908003465.

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Dutch–English participants named words and nonwords with a between-language phonologically inconsistent rime, e.g., GREED and PREED, and control words with a language-typical rime, e.g., GROAN, in a monolingual stimulus list or in a mixed list containing Dutch words. Inconsistent items had longer latencies and more errors than typical items in the mixed lists but not in the pure list. The consistency effect depended on word frequency, but not on language membership, lexicality, or instruction. Instruction did affect the relative speed and number of errors in the two languages. The consistency effect is the consequence of the simultaneous activation of two sublexical codes in the bilinguals' two languages and its size depends on the activation rate of the associated lexical representations (high-frequency words versus low-frequency words and nonwords) and on the decision criteria that monitor the response conflict at the decision level: the timing for responding (time criterion) in each language depends on the composition of the stimulus list and the likelihood of responses in either language.

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40

Pace, Mary Elizabeth, and Paul D. Loprinzi. "High-Intensity Acute Exercise and Directed Forgetting on Memory Function." Medicina 55, no. 8 (August 7, 2019): 446. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina55080446.

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Background and Objectives: Despite accumulating research demonstrating that acute exercise may enhance memory function, very little research has evaluated whether acute exercise can effectuate intentional directed forgetting (DF), an adaptative strategy to facilitate subsequent memory performance. Materials and Methods: A three-arm parallel-group randomized controlled intervention was employed. Participants were randomized into one of three groups, including: (1) exercise plus DF (Ex + DF), (2) DF (directed forgetting) only (DF) and (3) R (remember) only (R). The acute bout of exercise included 15 min of high-intensity treadmill exercise. The memory assessment involved the presentation of two-word lists. After encoding the first word list, participants were either instructed to forget all of those words (DF) or to remember them. Following this, participants encoded the second word list. Results: We observed a statistically significant main effect for list F(1, 57) = 12.27, p < 0.001, η2p = 0.18, but no main effect for group F(2, 57) = 1.32, p = 0.27, η2p = 0.04, or list by group interaction, F(2, 57) = 2.89, p = 0.06, η2p = 0.09. Conclusion: This study demonstrates a directed forgetting effect in that cueing an individual to forget a previously encoded list of items facilitates memory performance on a subsequent list of items. However, we failed to demonstrate any beneficial effect of acute exercise in facilitating directed forgetting. These findings are discussed in the context of directed forgetting theories, particularly the attention inhibition mechanism, as well as the timing of the acute bout of exercise.

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41

Lundgreen-Nielsen, Flemming. "Naar Skyggen er ligest..." Grundtvig-Studier 52, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 58–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/grs.v52i1.16396.

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»When the Shadow comes nearest..« By Flemming Lundgreen-NielsenThis small contribution deals with two intricate lines from stanza 5 of Grundtvig’s 1824 poem .The Land of the Living.. They are usually taken to mean that when likeness in the shape of shadows comes nearest the real thing, the little ones observing them weep, because in human poetry and arts which strive to reflect eternity similarity is not and can never be identity. Chr. Thodberg has repeatedly since 1971 suggested a different understanding of the lines to the effect that »ligest« (i.e. .most similar to.) may be interpreted as »most vertical«, referring to the shrinkage or entire disappearance of shadows at noon, when the sun reaches zenith. Thodberg departs from an off-hand commentary by Grundtvig about this natural fact in a sermon delivered on 27 March 1823. The author tries to demonstrate that Grundtvig's varying usage of theword shadow (»Skygge«) both before and after 1824 makes it impossible to arrive at an unambiguous determination regarding the word in the said lines. Furthermore, the superlative degree »ligest« meaning »most vertical« neither seems to have been recorded in the language of Grundtvig and his contemporaries nor in older periods.Contrarily, »ligest« meaning »most similar to« can be found in ancient Danish proverbs which Grundtvig studied extensively from 1816 and until he edited and published a collection of them in 1845, and it can also be located in contemporary literature. Returning from there to the meaning of shadow, the author by means of quotes from Grundtvig’s brief but precise historical evaluations of Plato and his philosophy (in 1812 and 1833) is inclined to support the traditional interpretation that the shadows making little ones weep originate in the famous cave metaphor in the fifth book of Plato’s dialogue The Republic. Finally, two other details deriving from Grundtvig’s studies of Danish proverbs in the Peder Syv edition (1688) are mentioned to throw light on a couple of nebulous expressions in two other lyrical poems by him.

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Cimbalo, Richard S., Douglas Clark, and Aleksandr I. Matayev. "Relating Sensation Seeking and the von Restorff Isolation Effect." Psychological Reports 92, no. 3_suppl (June 2003): 1287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2003.92.3c.1287.

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Sensation seeking was examined in a short-term memory task involving the serial recall of a 10-item list of consonants with (isolated) and without (nonisolated) a distinctively larger item in the fifth position. 126 students were given the Sensation Seeking Scale Form–V and 32 10-item lists to memorize in a 1 by 3 mixed design. Sensation seeking was a between-subject factor and Blocks (Trials 1–16 and 17–32), Isolation (isolated and nonisolated), and Duration (2 sec. and 10 sec.) were within-subject factors. Generally nonisolated lists and the larger letters (the von Restorff Isolation Effect) were better recalled, with the latter being stronger at the shorter duration. Only the high sensation-seeking group showed a Blocks effect for lists with an isolated item such that there was a greater number of items correct per list in Block 1 than in Block 2. This finding is consistent with the argument that higher scores on sensation seeking are associated with greater cortical arousal and better memory for newness and change. Students with high sensation-seeking scores showed superior memory for the isolated list when it contained an isolate if allowed more processing time. It is argued that high sensation-seeking scores were associated with more effective transfer of items from shorter to longer-term memory. A rapid nontime-dependent perceptual process was used to explain the isolation effect. The poorer overall list performance for the lists with the isolate was explained in terms of the intense nature of the isolate.

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Lee, Chung Won, Jin Ho Kim, and In Keuk Hwang. "A Study on the Serial Position Effect of Memory according to Illumination of LED Light." E3S Web of Conferences 120 (2019): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912001002.

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The purpose of this study was to verify the forms of the effect of serial position effects of memory according to the illuminance of light. This study was conducted as an experimental method, and 21 adults without cognitive impairment participated in the study. The illuminance condition was designed with high illuminance condition of 1,000 lx and low illuminance condition of 300 lx. The memory task used word list of 20 items consisting of a series of pointless spellings. After memorizing the word list for 10 minutes, the participant performed a retention task 24 hours later. The memory retention task consisted of filling the empty part of the learned word and completing the word. The analysis was performed by dividing the word items into three conditions: primacy, middle, and recency. Primacy used the first item in the word list, Middle used the 10th item in the middle of the word list, and finally Recency used the last item in the word list for analysis. The result was F = 4.16 (p = .02), and showed that there was a statistically significant difference in memory retention of primacy, middle, and recency at 95% confidence level in dim condition.

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Sato, Koichi. "Effect of Word Familiarity on Long-Term Recency." Psychological Reports 63, no. 3 (December 1988): 955–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1988.63.3.955.

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This experiment examined the effect of word familiarity on recency effects in two paradigms, the immediate recency effect in the immediate free-recall paradigm and the long-term recency effect in the continuous-distractor paradigm. Subjects studied word lists. In the immediate free-recall condition, words were presented continuously, and subjects were asked for free recall immediately after presentation of each list. In the continuous-distractor condition, each word was followed by a summation task of 30 sec. After the last summation task for each list, subjects were asked for free recall. Familiarity influenced immediate recency and long-term recency in the same way. This result suggests that the same mechanisms underlie immediate recency and long-term recency effect

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Rynkiewicz, Agnieszka, Izabela Łucka, and Karol Grabowski. "Letter to Editor. Report „An investigation of the ‘female camouflage effect’ in autism using a new computerized test showing sex/gender differences during ADOS-2”. IMFAR 2016, Baltimore, USA." Psychiatria Polska 50, no. 3 (2016): 663–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.12740/pp/63178.

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Rainey, David W., and Janet D. Larsen. "The Effect of Familiar Melodies on Initial Learning and Long-term Memory for Unconnected Text." Music Perception 20, no. 2 (2002): 173–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2002.20.2.173.

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In two experiments we tested the hypothesis that music, in the form of a familiar melody, can serve as an effective mnemonic device. Prior research has provided very little support for this commonly held belief. In both studies, participants learned a list of names that they heard either spoken or sung to a familiar tune. In Experiment 1, the melody was "Pop Goes the Weasel"; in Experiment 2, the melody was "Yankee Doodle." We measured the number of trials to learn the list initially and the number of trials to relearn the list a week later. In both studies, there was no advantage in initial learning for those who learned the names to the musical accompaniment. However,in both studies, participants who heard the sung version required fewer trials to relearn the list of names a week later than did participants who heard the spoken version.

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Nor Suhaira Jamil, Hamizah Hassan, and Imbarine Bujang. "The Effect of Shari’ah Compliance Announcements on Stock Returns in Malaysia." International Journal of Business and Society 21, no. 1 (April 25, 2021): 217–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/ijbs.3248.2020.

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There are increasing demands and interests in Shari’ah compliant stocks in Malaysia. The identification of Shari’ah compliant stocks is known as Shari’ah screening, which is announced to the public twice a year. Hence, the objective of this study is to investigate whether the announcements provide valuable information and the impact of such announcements on stock returns. This study applies market model to estimate the stock returns. Alternative hypotheses that are being tested are the inclusion (removal) of stocks in (from) the Shari’ah Compliant List give a significant effect on the stock Cumulative Average Abnormal Return (CAAR). Employing the event study methodology in years 2007 –2015, this study provides unambiguous evidence that the inclusion of a stock in the Shari’ah Compliant List has increased the price that lead positive stocks returns 1 day within the announcement date. Meanwhile, the removal from the list results a negative stock returns due to the declined of the stock price. As such, the announcements of Shari’ah Compliant List do carry informational value and have significant effect on the stock returns in Malaysian capital market. Shari’ah compliance announcement is significant especially to the Muslim investors to assist them avoiding prohibited investment activities. The present study has significantly contributed to the Malaysian Efficient Market Hypothesis as well as to the practical implication for the companies in avoiding with haram activities.

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Huang, Martin. "Unpacking Planning Fallacy." International Journal of Psychological Studies 13, no. 2 (May 31, 2021): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijps.v13n2p84.

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This study was conducted to determine whether planning fallacy can be affected through the action of unpacking a to-do list. The study uses two surveys on a specific population of Amazon Turk workers and randomly assigned participants to each of the two surveys. The survey produced discrete responses that can be used to statistically determine the effect of unpacking on the effect of planning fallacy. The data were collected and analyzed through data analysis tools and the statistical concept of T-Test. Although the manipulation of unpacking a to-do list was evidently present in the experimental group, the results failed to prove the initial hypothesis that unpacking a to-do list reduces the effect of planning fallacy. 

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Li, Ron C., Trit Garg, Tony Cun, Lisa Shieh, Gomathi Krishnan, Daniel Fang, and Jonathan H. Chen. "Impact of problem-based charting on the utilization and accuracy of the electronic problem list." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 25, no. 5 (January 18, 2018): 548–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocx154.

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Abstract Objective Problem-based charting (PBC) is a method for clinician documentation in commercially available electronic medical record systems that integrates note writing and problem list management. We report the effect of PBC on problem list utilization and accuracy at an academic intensive care unit (ICU). Materials and Methods An interrupted time series design was used to assess the effect of PBC on problem list utilization, which is defined as the number of new problems added to the problem list by clinicians per patient encounter, and of problem list accuracy, which was determined by calculating the recall and precision of the problem list in capturing 5 common ICU diagnoses. Results In total, 3650 and 4344 patient records were identified before and after PBC implementation at Stanford Hospital. An increase of 2.18 problems (>50% increase) in the mean number of new problems added to the problem list per patient encounter can be attributed to the initiation of PBC. There was a significant increase in recall attributed to the initiation of PBC for sepsis (β = 0.45, P < .001) and acute renal failure (β = 0.2, P = .007), but not for acute respiratory failure, pneumonia, or venous thromboembolism. Discussion The problem list is an underutilized component of the electronic medical record that can be a source of clinician-structured data representing the patient’s clinical condition in real time. PBC is a readily available tool that can integrate problem list management into physician workflow. Conclusion PBC improved problem list utilization and accuracy at an academic ICU.

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Sugrue, Katrina, Deryn Strange, and Harlene Hayne. "False Memories in the DRM Paradigm." Experimental Psychology 56, no. 5 (January 2009): 354–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169.56.5.354.

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Prior research using the Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm has shown that participants are more likely to report the critical lures when long lists are presented. In this experiment, we evaluated two potential explanations for this list-length effect. Ten-year-old children and adults studied 7- or 14-word lists. After recalling each list, participants were then asked to report any other words that they had thought about, but had not reported, during the recall phase. We found that long lists were more likely to activate the critical lure and that short lists did not facilitate source monitoring. On the basis of our findings, we conclude that, for both age groups, the list-length effect was due primarily to list-related differences in activation of the critical lure.

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