Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Effet non-local'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 28 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Effet non-local.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Flöser, Martina. "Transport local et non-local : Percolation dans les systèmes à effet Hallquantique corrélations croisées dans les structures hybrides supraconductrices." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00866133.
Full textBarbié, Laureline. "Raffinement de maillage multi-grille local en vue de la simulation 3D du combustible nucléaire des Réacteurs à Eau sous Pression." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4742.
Full textThe aim of this study is to improve the performances, in terms of memory space and computational time, of the current modelling of the Pellet-Cladding mechanical Interaction (PCI),complex phenomenon which may occurs during high power rises in pressurised water reactors. Among the mesh refinement methods - methods dedicated to efficiently treat local singularities - a local multi-grid approach was selected because it enables the use of a black-box solver while dealing few degrees of freedom at each level. The Local Defect Correction (LDC) method, well suited to a finite element discretisation, was first analysed and checked in linear elasticity, on configurations resulting from the PCI, since its use in solid mechanics is little widespread. Various strategies concerning the implementation of the multilevel algorithm were also compared. Coupling the LDC method with the Zienkiewicz-Zhu a posteriori error estimator in orderto automatically detect the zones to be refined, was then tested. Performances obtained on two-dimensional and three-dimensional cases are very satisfactory, since the algorithm proposed is more efficient than h-adaptive refinement methods. Lastly, the LDC algorithm was extended to nonlinear mechanics. Space/time refinement as well as transmission of the initial conditions during the remeshing step were looked at. The first results obtained are encouraging and show the interest of using the LDC method for PCI modelling
Rojas, Solano Laura Beatriz. "Endommagement non-local, interactions et effets d’échelle." Thesis, Pau, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PAUU3032/document.
Full textThis work focuses on the description of the process of cracking of concrete subjected to mechanical stresses. The main objective is to improve the understanding of the mechanisms involved using a continuous macroscopic model. A model describing consistently the fracture behavior of concrete should at least represent: (i) the continuous / discrete transition and the shielding effect induced by a macrocrack, (ii) the discontinuity of displacement, (iii) the interaction between the cracking process and a free boundary, (iv) it must also be able to reproduce the mechanical response obtained experimentally. At first, we made a comparative analysis of the classical non-local damage model and others improved continuous models proposed in the literature. Comparison tools have been proposed for this analysis: (i) from a numerical point of view, two examples considering the dynamic rupture of a bar (tensile test and spalling test) and (ii) from an experimental point of view, a database obtained from three-point bending test on notched and unnotched geometrically similar beams made from the same concrete formulation. We found that only a combination of this formulations may account for the different mechanisms involved in the process of cracking. It includes the transmission of the non-local information, the growing of voids and the description of boundary effects. We shown that its implementation in 2D or 3D remains complex and thus comparison with experimental results are impossible. In a second step, we decided to change the scale of analysis to precise the mechanisms which are taking place within the mesostructure of concrete using a mesomodel based on lattice elements. This analysis shown that since the mesomodel intrinsically took into account the interactions evolution within the structure, it is able to provide relevant results when classical macroscopic non-local models failed. It is able to represent both the maximum load (size effect) and the softening regime whatever the beam size or the pre-notch geometry. In addition, we proposed a new non-local framework where the interactions were upscale from the mesoscale to the macroscale through a new weight function. This function is estimated by describing the material as a set of inclusions that interact upon loading. These inclusions are successively elastically dilated to characterize the transfer of information within the material and rebuild the non-local weight function. This new model is able to describe the continuous / discrete transition, the shielding effect and the discontinuity of displacement. The model has been implemented in 2D in a finite element code and first results shown its capabilities to reproduce experimental results in term of maximum loads. In a third step, the richness of the mesoscopic approach has been used to describe precisely the local process of failure in term of fracture process zone evolution
Tyl, Clémence. "Study of the memory effect in atmospheric pressure townsend discharges in nitrogen with addition of oxidizing gas : temporally and spatially resolved electrical and optical characterizations." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30296.
Full textPlasma processes at atmospheric pressure using Dielectric Barrier Discharges (DBD) are a good alternative to low pressure non-thermal plasma processes for various applications such as surface treatment, thin-film coating, sterilization etc. Indeed, they can be operated without complex vacuum facilities and allow the treatment of large surfaces that can be implemented directly into assembly lines. However, DBDs are usually filamentary, leading to non-homogeneous depositions on the treated surfaces. In certain condition depending on the experimental parameters (geometry, gas nature, power supply, etc.), a homogeneous discharge can be obtained leading to a uniform surface treatment. Nevertheless, even in the homogeneous mode, the DBDs properties are not necessarily the same at any point on the discharge surface, because of the gas flow circulation in particular, but also in case of materials with a properties gradient, or in case of self-organization phenomena. In order to better characterize the spatial distribution of the discharge, a new local electrical diagnostic tool to measure the local current densities has been developed during this thesis. Indeed, electrical measurements are widely used to characterize the DBDs as they give access to various parameters such as the gas voltage, discharge current, dissipated power etc. However, the measured current is integrated on all the surface of the electrodes. To be able to measure the local currents, the 3×3 cm2 ground electrode from the discharge cell has been divided into 64 segments, and a data acquisition system has been developed in order to simultaneously acquire the 64 measured currents with a high enough sampling rate for the data processing. This new electrical diagnostic tool can be correlated in time and space with optical measurements with an intensified iCCD camera, coupled with optical filters, to obtain information on the densities of some species in the plasma. The aim of this thesis is to better understand to local power dissipation, and to refine the characterization of the involved species in the different discharge regimes, especially to obtain a homogeneous regime. Homogeneous DBDs are ignited by a Townsend breakdown. For a Townsend breakdown to occur, a production source of seed electrons is necessary between two discharges, when the electric field is lower than the breakdown voltage. This breakdown is related to a memory effect from one discharge to the following one, that is visible on the electrical measurements with a discharge current jump. The hypotheses on the memory effect origin can be separated into two categories.[...]
Counts, William A. "Predicting the Hall-Petch Effect in FCC Metals Using Non-Local Crystal Plasticity." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14479.
Full textBarbié, Lauréline. "Raffinement de maillage multi-grille local en vue de la simulation 3D du combustible nucléaire des Réacteurs à Eau sous Pression." Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille Université, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00926550.
Full textEhtasham, Billah Mohammad. "Non-parametric Estimation of the Effect of Financial Crisis on Swedish Local Governments Debt Maturity Structures." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro Universitet, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-72916.
Full textPinel, Lucas. "Probing the magnetic exchange interaction in agraphene-ferromagnetic insulator system usingQuantum Hall Effect and non-local resistancemeasurements." Thesis, KTH, Tillämpad fysik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-162232.
Full textMasselon, Chloé. "Effets non locaux dans un écoulement microfluidique de micelles géantes." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13635/document.
Full textThe study of complex fluids flows is of great interest according to the diversity of phenomenon it involves. A study of the local rheology of wormlike micelles flowing in a simple straight microchannel is proposed. Experiments show that the properties of such a fluid undergoing a strong shear stress gradient can only be described by an equation including non local terms. We thereafter show the influence of the wormlike micelles system, of the confinement and of the nature of the microchannel walls on those non local effects. A study of the temporal phenomenon occurring in microfluidic flows of wormlike micelles is then proposed, as well as a preliminary study concerning flows in porous media
Fadai-Ghotbi, Atabak. "Modélisation de la turbulence en situation instationnaire par approches URANS et hybride RANS-LES : prise en compte des effets de paroi par pondération elliptique." Phd thesis, Université de Poitiers, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00163592.
Full textConstantin, Doru-Cosmin. "Défauts d'équilibrage des phases ordonnées et structure du liquide isotrope d'un mélange lyotrope de surfactant non-ionique." Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENSL0222.
Full textYudiarsah, Efta. "Charge Transport through Molecules: Structural and Dynamical Effects." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1219343872.
Full textAmzil, Aboubakr. "Compréhension et modélisation des mécanismes et des effets de géométrie dans la partie basse de la transition ductile-fragile." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPSLM002.
Full textThe main goal of this thesis is to study the effect of temperature and geometry on the toughness of a ferritic steel in the lower part of the brittle to ductile transition zone. This work proposes to model the failure mechanisms observed in this zone using a local approach to failure. Although, according to experimental evidences, fracture in the transition zone results from a coupling between brittle and ductile fracture, the present thesis is mainly focused on the study of the lower part of the transition zone in which the fracture mechanism is mainly brittle. An experimental study of the material, a ferritic 18MND5 steel, is first proposed. An experimental database, consisting partially of existing tests was carried in order to have, at different temperatures, tests on uncracked specimens (TC and AE) mainly used for the study of elasto-plastic behaviour and tests on cracked specimens (CT and SENT) to study the fracture behaviour. A fractographic SEM study of the fracture surfaces allows, firstly, to describe the fracture mechanisms as a function of geometry and temperature and, secondly, to distinguish purely brittle specimens from specimens with ductile crack advance. Based on the results of the previous observations, plasticity and brittle fracture of the material are modelled. A new methodology for Weibull stress computation is proposed so as to ensure that it is correctly evaluated. Particularly, it is verified that Weibull computation is converged with respect to the mesh size. A procedure is proposed to filter out strong stress fluctuations. Cleavage is described using a modified version of Beremin's model which takes into account the effect of plastic strains on the Weibull stress. This formulation allows fitting, at a given temperature, of a unique set of parameters to model the fracture probabilities on different geometries (CT of different thicknesses and SENT). The fitted parameters are temperature dependent. In addition, the thesis also provided the opportunity to initiate the modeling of ductile failure in the transition. This includes the construction of a relevant experimental database which now covers the entire transition zone and the use of a non-local GTN type model which is fitted on axisymmetric notched bars. This work could constitute a starting point for future modelling of the coupling between ductile and brittle fracture in the transition
Krayani, Abbas. "Approche non locale d'un modèle élasto-plastique endommagable pour le calcul des structures en béton précontraint." Phd thesis, Ecole centrale de nantes - ECN, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00334001.
Full textGéraud, Baudouin. "Mouillage et dynamique confinée de fluides complexes." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10170.
Full textComplex fluids such as gels, pastes or emulsions have a wide range of applications, both in everyday life and in the industry. Among them, Yield Stress Fluids (YSF) behave either as solids or as non-Newtonian fluids depending on the shear stress applied. These features are modeled by phenomenological laws ( such as the Herschel-Bulkley one ) although their origins are still poorly understood. In this thesis, we focus on the issue of small lengthscales where the structure and interfacial phenomena play predominant roles in the flows. This experimental work was essentially carried out on carbopol, a polymer microgel and a model YSF. The study mainly focuses on three points : – The rheological and structural characterization of the samples. The emphasis is put on the influence of the preparation protocol on the microgel properties. – The case of confined flows of complex fluids. This work highlights the existence of nonlocal effects at the micrometer scales, involving a characteristic length, interpreted in the frame of the fluidity model. – Capillary ascents of complex fluids, involving millimeter scales. This work suggests an extension of Jurin’s law to the case of YSFs. It is shown that this simple experiment allows to measure the surface tension and some rheological parameters of complex fluids such as the yield stress and the Herschel-Bulkley exponent
El, Hajj Diab Mohammad. "Analyse de la robustesse structurale : caractérisation des actions accidentelles et/ou exceptionnelles et de leurs effets sur les structures." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC2079.
Full textSeveral examples of structures have been severely damaged, or even reached the total collapse, after the propagation of some local failure, resulting from an accidental or exceptional event. These catastrophic events highlight the importance of the structural design not to be limited to safety under normal conditions, but also to preserve structural integrity under an exceptional event not identified at the design stage. Modern design codes recommend ensuring an appropriate level of robustness to prevent from disproportionate collapse under an exceptional event. One of the major difficulties is to quantify the concept of structural robustness when checking the structural safety under exceptional situations. In this respect, the Eurocodes define the structural robustness as “the ability of a structure to withstand events like fire, explosions, impact or the consequences of human error, without being damaged to an extent disproportionate to the original cause”. To meet such requirements, robustness indicators are essential to assess the capacity of the structure to withstand events, estimate the safety against disproportionate collapse, and finally be used as a decision support for design choices. Several robustness metrics have been recently proposed in the literature. However, despite developments in this field, these methods are still not fully used in engineering practice to effectively assess structural robustness. The main objective of this PhD is to propose an approach to quantify the structural robustness. Progressive collapse is modelled based on an iterative coupling between the yield design approach and a non-linear analysis. Some indices are introduced to measure the structural robustness and be used as a decision support tool. Case studies are considered to illustrate the proposed concepts (study of a large number of scenarios, identification of the most critical ones, and evaluation of the structural capacity to prevent failure propagation)
Constantin, Doru. "Défauts d'équilibre des phases ordonnées et structure du liquide isotrope d'un mélange lyotrope de surfactant non-ionique." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010863.
Full textNous avons ensuite exploré les propriétés dynamiques de la phase isotrope à haute concentration en combinant la diffusion dynamique de la lumière avec des expériences de rhéologie à haute fréquence. Nous avons mis en évidence un temps de relaxation terminale extrêmement court (de l'ordre de la microseconde) et avons expliqué ce comportement dans le cadre de théories déjà existantes sur la rhéologie des micelles connectées en incluant l'effet de l'ordre local.
Papafitsoros, Konstantinos. "Novel higher order regularisation methods for image reconstruction." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/246692.
Full textLiang, Xiaoyu. "Comportement en fatigue à grand nombre de cycle d’un acier inoxydable 316L obtenu par fabrication additive : effets de la microstructure, de la rugosité et des défauts." Thesis, Paris, HESAM, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020HESAE017.
Full textThis study aims to investigate the influence of both the microstructure and surface defects on the high cycle fatigue (HCF) behavior of a 316L stainless steel obtained by additive manufacturing (AM). Surface defects and microstructure are dominant factors of fatigue behavior, while the AM materials often exhibit distinguished surface state and microstructure compared to conventional materials. The current study begins with an investigation of the material properties that are related to fatigue behavior. Microstructure observations of the powder and fabricated specimens are undertaken. Profilometry and tomography analyses make the inherent defects visible. The hardness, elastic behavior and elastic-plastic behavior are studied via mechanical tests. Then, load-controlled fatigue tests concerning different surface-treated specimens under different loading types are conducted. To reveal the mechanism of fatigue failure in the studied specimens, a comprehensive fractography analysis is carried out. Experimental research reveals the weakening of fatigue strength due to lack-of-fusion defects. Yet, the effect of the microstructural attributes is difficult to evaluate without numerical tools. A preliminary numerical study about the application of the non-local method in an explicit microstructure sensitive model is undertaken to complement the microstructure-sensitive modeling framework. Based on the data collected in the experimental campaign, a finite element model that can take into consideration of the defects and the microstructure of the SLM SS 316L is built up. Finite element analyses are performed with both cubic elasticity and polycrystal plasticity constitutive laws. With the help of the statistical method, the results from the FE model are used to quantitatively assess the influence of surface roughness and microstructural attributes on the fatigue performance of SLM SS 316L
Prévost, Aurélie. "Inférence(s) des documents d'urbanisme sur le territoire : modélisation multicritère et évaluation durable : application à la ville de Toulouse." Thesis, Compiègne, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013COMP2104/document.
Full textUrban planning includes the institutional means used to control urban development. Over the years, the French urban plans saw their goals modified towards a more controlled urban space management (SRU and Grenelle laws). Besides, environmental and spatial protection issues were reinforced by European legislation, which made the environmental assessment compulsory for some plans (in 2001 for Europe, applied in France in 2005). This PhD research aims to propose a complementary assessment approach to the current indicators contained in the local plan’s assessments, and, more broadly, to question the impacts of the local plans on urban areas. In fact, the local plan indicators seem to be more adapted for a city sustainability performance analysis than for an analysis of the quality of the regulations contained in the plans. This approach starts with the creation of a set of indicators, which are expected to show the effects of the local plan, focusing on “regulatory planning criteria” (zoning, constraints for a building shape and parcel layout, public facilities and amenities) and “sustainable planning” (based on the SRU and Grenelle laws definitions). Finally, the aggregation of the indicators, by the use of multicriteria and statistical analysis, will supply regulatory planners not only with a tool for better understanding of the complex regulations but also a decision aiding tool, whose purpose is to facilitate the choices planners have to make for the evolution of the zoning and the regulation. The local plan of the city of Toulouse will be used as a case study to show the application of the approach
Abuaisha, Murad S. "Géothermie profonde : stimulation de la perméabilité par fracturation hydraulique dans un cadre thermo-poroélastique." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENI016/document.
Full textThe application of the Hydraulic Fracturing (HF) technology to exploit geothermal energy from Hot Dry Rocks (HDR) reservoirs is addressed. HF is achieved by extensively pumping geothermal fluids to already existing fractured HDR reservoirs of low permeability. High fluid pressures are expected to drive cracks to evolve and connect. The newly created burgeoning hydraulic conduits should supposedly enhance the permeability of the existing HDR reservoirs. The flow rate/pressure values at which geothermal fluids should be pumped, as well as the pumping schedule to initiate HF, depend primarily on the existing geostatic conditions (geostatic stresses, initial HDR pressure and temperature) as well as on HDR fracture properties (initial mean fracture length, mean fracture aperture, density and orientational distribution of fractures). While these components, in addition to their effects on borehole stability, are scrutinized in this research, focus is on the evolution during circulation processes of the fracture properties. A fracturing model that is capable of tracking fracture evolution in all possible spatial orientations is used to obtain the time course of the anisotropic permeability tensor. This evolving property is integrated into a domestic finite element code which is developed to solve thermo–poroelastic BVPs: emphasis is laid on the efficiency of the doublet flow technique where a fluid gains thermal energy by circulating through the HDR reservoir from the injection well to the production well. The spurious oscillations in the hyperbolic solutions of the approximated finite element approach that are commensal with the phenomenon of forced heat convection are healed/mitigated through several stabilization approaches
Xiang-FengSun and 孫祥峰. "Non-local control of Kondo effect." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/56299994660471684065.
Full text國立成功大學
物理學系碩博士班
101
Abstract The project of this thesis is to develop a non-local control of Kondo effect. The Kondo effect and zero basis anomaly (ZBA) are important phenomen in the quantum dot (QD), which is a closed system and can trap spin. According to the research of double QDs system performed by N. J. Craig et al[1], the ZBA of a dot in Kondo regime can be remotely controlled and split by tuning the number of electrons and coupling of an adjacent QD. The phenomenon is due to the competition between Kondo effect and Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) interaction[2]. In addition to QD, quantum point contact (QPC), an open system wherein in principle no localized state should occur, were recently linked to Kondo physics by Cronenwett et al[3]. We are inspired by these researches and conceive an integrated quantum device, wherein a QD is coupled with a QPC. To understand of the number of electrons inside the dot, we measure the Coulomb blockade spectrum. Then, we apply a source-drain bias to measure the ZBA in the QPC at various states when QD contains odd or even number of electrons. Furthermore, we apply an external magnetic field to measure the ZBA variation in QPC. Our experimental data demonstrates encouraging results that we can successfully and accurately control the Kondo feature, ZBA, in QPC by tuning the number of electrons in the QD. However, by applying an external magnetic field parallel to the channel, the zero bias peak is not split. The result presented in this thesis facilitate us to understand the cause of zero bias peak in QPC and develop a method for remote spin control.
Lai, Jian-Jhong, and 賴建仲. "Exploration of Non-local Effect and Metal-Insulator Transition in Two-Dimensional System." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/s59p4y.
Full text國立交通大學
電子物理系所
106
Two-dimensional layered materials such as semi-metal of graphene and semiconductor of MoS2 have attracted attention in recent years. Both of them show the exclusive physical characteristics and the interesting electron transport behaviors that will cause high impact to the academic research and the industry application in the future. In this study, the mechanical exfoliation of graphene and few-layer MoS2 were used to fabricate field effect transistor devices and explore long-range electron-electron Coulomb interaction and electrical transport properties. The first part, the graphene devices with four electrodes were used to investigate the non-local effect, which is attributed to the long-range electron-electron Coulomb interaction. The non-local effect represents that the transverse voltage can be measured while applying a constant horizontal current without applying an external magnetic field. We observed that the non-local effect induced by not only long-range electron-electron Coulomb interaction but also geometry effect. In addition, we also observed that the non-local effect exists at minimum conductivity of 7-11 e2/h. Theoretically, the non-local effect only exists near the charge-neutral Dirac point, the high carrier concentration and impurity carrier will eliminate the non-local effect. However, we observed that the appropriate disorder (impurity carrier) can prevent the non-local effect screened by high carrier concentration. Additionally, the relation between position of voltage-probe electrodes and the non-local effect was also discussed, the result indicates that the non-local effect disappears while the voltage-probe electrodes close to the source-drain electrodes. Finally, the temperature dependence of non-local effect was also carried out and the result shows that the non-local effect at low temperature is stronger than room temperature. The second part, we studied the electrical transport properties of few-layer MoS2 in the temperature range between 80 and 600 K and divided the temperature behavior of conductance into three different temperature regimes to discuss. At temperatures below 240 K, the electrical properties of MoS2 show the insulating behavior which can be descried by two-dimensional variable range hopping transport (2D-VRH). When the carrier concentration and source-drain electric field are higher than critical values, the electron transport behavior changes from insulating to metallic phase and the transition occurs at conductivity of 〖1 e〗^2⁄h. In addition, we also observed that metal-insulator transition which is associated with carrier concentration, source-drain electric field and characteristic temperature (T0). In the temperature range from 300 to 410 K, the electrical transport changes from 2D-VRH to thermal activated transport. At temperatures above 430 K, the electron transport behavior changes from insulating to metallic phase again and the temperature behavior of resistance can be described by the equation of R∝T. Moreover, the layered-dependent and carrier-dependent temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) have been also investigated.
Chang, Chun-Chia, and 張竣嘉. "Inverse spin Hall effect on spin-polarized Py/β-Ta devices using non-local measurement." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/a3577p.
Full textChen, Yong-jin, and 陳泳錦. "The Effect of Flow Depth on Local Scour around Non-uniform Circular Piers under Steady Flows." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48668561493107767383.
Full text逢甲大學
水利工程與資源保育研究所
96
This research uses hydraulic models to measure the variation of local scour depth in order to clarify the scour mechanisms (V/Vc=0.95) for non-uniform pier diameter ratio of D/D*=0.4 and 0.7, and different initial bed levels under steady flow with various flow depths (0.2D*�� 2.5D*). The research results show that the scour depth for the case with D/D*=0.4 is less than that with D/D*=0.7. Because the downflow effect decreases with a decrease of D/D* ratio, and the higher scouring retardation caused by the top of foundation when D/D* is equal to 0.4. When the initial bed level relative to the foundation top elevation remains the same, local scour depth for a D/D* ratio of 0.4 is less than that for a ratio of 0.7 when the bridge foundation is unexposed. When y/D*=0.2, the scour depth is very small for a pier diameter ratio of 0.4 or 0.7. Therefore, the scour depth is dominated by the flow depth. The potential energy of flow and scour depth increases with an increase of y/D* for y/D* varying from 0.6D* to 2.2D*. The scour depth remains a constant when y/D* is greater than 2.2, indicating that the scour depth is unaffected by the flow depth. Therefore, the scour depth is affected by the projected pier width and the flow depth for a flow depth varying from 0.6 D* to 2.2 D*.
Roath, Kit Serey, and 洛琳. "The Study of Country of Origin Effect Cambodia Consumer Perception on Local and Non Local Brand Preference, Perceive Quality, Price and Purchase Intention." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/17496993183995577286.
Full text南台科技大學
企業管理系
98
In the international competitive market, producer, company, country meet a lot more challenge of finding market for their product as well as making high profit. Some country, producer, and company have gain competitive advantage from the good reputation of their country such as the high developed country like US, high technology reputation like Japan, or famous for cheapest price like China. This research aims to investigate the Cambodia consumer perception of country of origin, brand preference, perceive product quality, and purchase intention on fast food product from four country image: Cambodia, Thailand, Korean, and Malaysia and compare to their brand name: Lucky7, Pizza Company, Pizza World and KFC (franchise from Malaysia). This study also examines phenomenon of consumers of local and non local brand preference that influence from country of origin and the differences between the two. As the result country of origin have strong influence on nonlocal brand preference, but less influence on local brand preference. Moreover, the comparisons among nonlocal brand to Cambodia brand also do not have significant especially Korean (Pizza World), brand and Malaysia (KFC). However, Thailand brand (Pizza Company) has strongly significant difference compare to Cambodia brand. In addition, the research also finds out that consumer perceives country of origin and perceptions of price to inference perceive product quality. Also, the consumer use country of origin as information that influence purchase intention.
Aman, Hagos Amir. "Assessment of the effect of place of selection on performance of health posts and turnover of health extension workers in Jimma Zone, Ethiopia." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3947.
Full textThe Health Extension Program (HEP) was initiated under the Health Sector Development Program (HSDP II) in 2002/03. The central philosophy of these initiatives was based on the belief that if the right knowledge and skill is transferred, each household can take responsibility for producing and maintaining its own health. The HEP is delivered through Health Extension Workers (HEWs), who are local women and have completed grade 10. Recruitment of these workers is conducted by kebele (village) and woreda (district) councils. Following this they are provided with a one year training prior to being employed by the district health office. The HEP guideline states that all HEWs should be assigned to a health post within their own community.The rationale for this requirement is that health policy makers and mangers believe that the deployment of non-local HEWs results in poor performance and turnover. However, there is no evidence to support this assumption. This study was conducted to better understand the effect of place of selection on the performance of health posts and turnover of Health Extension Workers in Jimma Zone, Ethiopia.A cross sectional analytical study design was utilized to assess the effect of place of selection on the performance of health posts and turnover of HEWs in a randomly selected sample of six districts of Jimma Zone. A systematic record review on the activity reports for the Ethiopian Fiscal Year (EFY) 2003 was conducted on all selected health posts in Jimma Zone(239 randomly selected health posts from all functional rural and urban health posts in Jimma Zone) obtained from the district health office. Descriptive statistics was computed to describe the socio demographic characteristics and the level of performance. Chi-square test was performed to test the relationship amongst the variables.The finding from this study showed that HEWs who are assigned outside of their communities performed as well or even better than those recruited from the same communities.The differences between the relationship of staff turnover and retention couldn‟t be estimated due to limited availability of information related to this factor. Overall, despite the widely held opinion among policy makers that recruiting HEWs from the same community enhances their performance; there is little empirical evidence to support this argument based on the findings from this study. Thus, it is essential to explore additional factors and criteria in the selection and recruitment process beyond residence-based measures in the expectation to enhance the performance of the HEWs.
Tivavone, Brilliant. "Implications of municipal service consumer debts on service delivery in rural municipalities: A case study of municipalities in Vhembe District, Limpopo Province South Africa." Diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1173.
Full textDepartment of Urban and Regional Planning
Rural municipalities in South Africa have been grappling with delivering quality services to communities due to shrinking revenue bases over the last ten years. The study explored the relationship between consumer debt recovery and municipal service delivery in three selected municipalities in Vhembe District, Limpopo Province. The implications of revenue collection in rural areas was examined through the computation of the Coefficient Effect Size Model which aimed at proving whether rurality had an effect on payment of rates and taxes. A combination of Goal Achievement Matrix and Correlation Quotient analysis were used to explain the linkage between service delivery and the resource base of rural municipalities. The Rurality Quotient and the Coefficient Effect Size were both developed in the study to link the rurality nature of municipalities to the viability of rural municipalities to provide services. The review of literature incorporated an appraisal of municipal policy documents such as the Integrated Development Plans, Spatial Development Plans, Annual Budget Reports and Service Delivery Budget Implementation Plan. The study findings revealed that consumer debts resulted in rural municipalities failing to generate revenue thus affecting internal revenue pockets. Furthermore it was discovered that rural municipalities were recording a negative effect size as well as a negative Rurality Quotient thus proving that rurality directly affected the level of payment of services. The projection showed a significant probability of a steady increase in consumer debts in rural municipalities in the next ten years if the issues and challenges are not addressed effectively. Therefore a Rural Consumer Debt Recovery Framework tool was proposed to provide clear guidelines on how rural municipalities can deal with non-payment of rates and taxes. In addition to this a review and update of all revenue enhancement policies such as the Credit Control and Debt Collection Policy to match the changes occurring over time in rural municipalities is necessary to change the current status of revenue collection in municipalities.
NRF