Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Effet pression'
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ENGUEHARD, FRANCOIS. "Pyrolyse haute pression du dibutylether : etude cinetique experimentale, effet des parametres pression et temperature, modelisation numerique." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066110.
Full textGauthier, Didier. "Magnetotransport sous pression hydrostatique dans le systeme gainas/inp." Toulouse, INSA, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ISAT0016.
Full textDELAGE, YVES. "Effet anti-hypertenseur d'un traitement et niveau de pression arterielle ambulatoire." Aix-Marseille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX20317.
Full textGuérin, Sébastien. "Réduction de sons auto-entretenus par effet Coanda sur des jets auxilliaires." La Rochelle, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LAROS070.
Full textThe present study deals with the reduction of the self-sustained tones (the whistling) produced by a low Mach number air flow crossing two rigid baffles in tandem inside a duct. These tones have a single well defined frequency matching the longitudinal acoustic resonance of the pipe and have a high amplitude. Typically, their sound pressure level attains 130 to 140 dB (re 20 mPa) when the ratio between the baffle spacing and the diameter of their aperture belongs to the range [0. 4; 3] and the Reynolds number varies between 104 and 105
Oulé, Kégnon Mathias. "Effet microbicide du CO¦2 sous pression, nouveau procédé de conservation d'aliments." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0031/NQ65425.pdf.
Full textDion, Eloi. "Effet de la pression sur le phénomène de cloquage des films minces." Poitiers, 2011. http://nuxeo.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/b9c0ec2e-6a06-4e0e-bd11-e388fe8754fd.
Full textThis Thesis is dedicated to the study of the effect of pressure on the buckling phenomenon of thin films. Atomic force Microscopy (AFM) experiments have been first realised to charaterize buckled structures of film/substrate composites. The measurements of the maximal deflection of these structures by AFM before and after focus ion beam (FIB) cuts have evidenced a signicant increase of a few tens of nanometers. The determination of the equilibrium solutions under the action of a pressure mismatch and a residual stress, in the framework of the Föppl-von Karman’s (FvK) theory of thin plates, and the comparison of these solutions with the experimental profiles, have allowed to justify the presence of vacuum below the buckles. The combined effect of the pressure and the "rigid" aspect of the substrate have been also explorated. This effect has been used to explain the limitation of buckle’s lateral size. The second chapter, dedicated to the mechanical testing by bulging of membranes (bulge test), has allowed to evidence the limitations of the classical models used for describing their mechanical evolution. A critical pressure beyond which these models are no more valid has been determined, as a function of the differents parameters of the problem. Finally, in the last chapter, the combined effect of the internal pressure and stress on circular buckles, induced under specific conditions of irradiations, have been also studied in the framewok of the FvK’s theory of thin plates. A new method allowing the estimation of the pressure level inside the cavities from the morphology of the buckles has been developed
Alame, Mohamad. "Tentative de corrélation structure-énantiosélectivité et effet de pression en hydrogénation asymétrique." Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10016.
Full textThe enantioselectivity of catalytic asymmetric hydrogenations can be largely influenced by the hydrogen concentration in the catalytic liquid phase, with generally, a negative impact on enantiomeric excess (ee). In this thesis, we showed, on a large number of chiral diphosphine (56) and three prochiral substrates of acylaminoacrylate ester, that the conclusion of a negative effect of the hydrogen pressure generally admitted in the bibliography is wrong. Indeed, on the basis of 168 studied catalytic systems (diphosphine/substrate), an equivalent distribution of negative effects (28%) and beneficial effects (29%) is observed. In addition, the electronic effects were also studied on a restricted family of diphosphines of the BINAP type by substitution on the binaphtyl group in 5,5' and 4,4' position or para of the phenyls groups carried by phosphorus. The majority of these derivatives of the BINAP had to be synthesized. In particular a new method for the synthesis of derived 5,5' (Me, COOH, Ph) was developed and a new strategy of synthesis in ionic liquid medium was designed for the preparation of the 4,4'derivatives. In the case of para derivatives position, a clear correlation between enantiomeric excess and the HAMMETT constant for all the substituents (Me, H, NH2, +NMe3, OMe, OH, O-) is obtained. The enantioselectivity can thus be tuned, from +57 to -34 %
Pelourson, André. "Etude thermodynamique des transitions de phase sous pression hydrostatique effet de la division /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376087080.
Full textLe, FLoch Sébastien. "Étude de la diffusion Brillouin stimulée dans les fibres optiques monomodes standard : application aux capteurs de température et de pression." Brest, 2001. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008526.
Full textBourgeois, Lydie. "Etudes structurales et dynamiques d'un composite d'inclusion incommensurable sous pression hydrostatique." Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN10055.
Full textKang, Woun. "Étude de supraconducteurs organiques sous pression et sous champ magnétique." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112173.
Full textWe have studied several organic superconductors under pressure in a magnetic field. We have established the phase diagram between two superconducting phases of (ET)2I3 by DTA. We have found that there is a triangular region to be avoided so as to stabilize the high Tc phase and that it is metastable below this triangle. Low Tc phase, which is stable at low temperature, becomes also metastable in applying the pressure and undergoes a first order phase transition when heated under pressure. This phenomenon could be explained with the Ginzberg-Landau theory of phase transition. We have performed the Shubnikov-de Haas effect measurement and found a very large magnetoresistance oscillation whose amplitude reaches 10 times of its residual resistance at 12T and 380mK. We derived a cylindrical Fermi surface with small warping from the observed frequency and beating. The comparison was done with neighbor compound, (ET)2IBr2. Then, the pressure dependence of the resistance behavior in two compounds using helium gas pressure technique has been studied, especially the evolution of the resistance maximum in (ET)2Cu(SCN)2 and that of the metal-insulator transition in (ET)2ReO4. Finally, we present the thermoelectric power study of TTF[Ni(dmit)2]2
Rahlfs, Stephan. "Validation physique du nouveau code de cellule européen ECCO pour le calcul des coefficients de réactivité des réacteurs REP et RNR." Aix-Marseille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX11018.
Full textPayen, de La Garanderie Didier. "Consequences circulatoires de la ventilation artificielle en pression positive." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05S007.
Full textLaliberté, France. "Effet de la pression temporelle sur la cognition dans une tâche de jeu informatisé." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ38128.pdf.
Full textBavouzet, Jean-Michel. "Effet des variations de pression sur l'intégrité et sur la viabilité des micro-organismes." Toulouse, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAT0004.
Full textIdiri, Monique. "Effet de la pression sur les structures des métaux d'actinides et de quelques composés." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE10055.
Full textMarques, Leonel Vitorino Joaquim. "Transformations de phases du C60 sous pression." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10188.
Full textPerrois, Frédéric. "Réactivité de segments artériels humains "in vitro" : effet des lipoprotéines de basse densité." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05P182.
Full textDjerbi, Ridha. "Effet Hall anormal du composé à fermions lourds CeRu2Si2 sous pression : résistivité, effet Hall et magnétorésistance de ses alliages avec le lanthane." Grenoble 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989GRE10016.
Full textRicci, Catherine. "Effet du traitement sur la pression artérielle et la fonction rénale dans la maladie rénovasculaire." Montpellier 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON11040.
Full textSpendeler, Liliane. "Propriétés de transport d'YbCu4,5 et d'Yb à haute pression." Grenoble 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE10175.
Full textNOEL, JOUAVILLE FLORENCE. "Effet d'une contre-pression des membres inferieurs sur le seuil d'accumulation des lactates sanguins chez le paraplegique." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994CLF1M017.
Full textSchmidt, Ludwig. "Etude sous pression du fermion lourd URu2Si2." Grenoble 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE10197.
Full textArcizet, Olivier. "Mesure optique ultrasensible et refroidissement par pression de radiation d'un micro-résonateur mécanique." Paris 6, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00175959.
Full textWe present a very sensitive optical measurement of the mechanical vibrations of a micro-mirror inserted in a high finesse Fabry-Perot cavity, made of a low-loss dielectric coating deposited on a sub-millimetric silicon etched resonator. We have measured the thermal noise of the resonator over a wide frequency range and characterized its eigenmodes which have high frequency resonances (1 MHz) and low effective masses (100 µg). With an electrostatic force, we have tested its mechanical response and cooled it with a cold damping technique. We have also demonstrated a new cooling mechanism, induced by radiation pressure in a detuned cavity, and even observed an optomechanical instability at large intracavity power. These cooling mechanisms, combined with passive cryogenic techniques, may lead to the observation of the quantum ground state of the mechanical oscillator. An experimental study of the photothermal effect follows
Morin, François. "Effet de la pression et de l'addition de fer sur la désorption du système LIBH4 + MgH2." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2012. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/4464/1/030300172.pdf.
Full textBérard, Philippe. "Etude du vent ionique produit par décharge couronne à pression atmosphérique pour le contrôle d'écoulement aérodynamique." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ECAP1085.
Full textThe studydeals with ionic wind produced by a corona discharge created by two electrodes connected to a high voltage power supply, in the aim to understand the phenomenaof the ionic wind and the parameters that control its velocity in air at amopsheric pressure. A parametric study is realized on the gas distance, the diameter and the material of the electrodes, the voltage, its polarity, the current and the gas nature. In parallel, a 2D steady-state numerical model of the discharge and of the ionic wind is developped, solving simultaneously the Poisson equation, the continuity equations for electrons, positive ions, negative ions and the Naviers-Stokes equations. The system is closed with expressions modelling the kinetics chemistry of the discharge and the transport of charges. The simulations have been done with FLUENT and complementar modules. The measurements show that the velocity of the ionic wind depends directly of the square root of the current. The geometrical parameters modify the current-voltage characterics. The material has no influence while the gas nature modifies the evolution of the velocity vs the current. Theses results are also fund with simulations which show that the secondary electron emission is neglectable in the studied configuration and that the ion mobility is important. The comparison between the measurements in differents gases helps to estimate the predominant ions in the ionic wind phenomenon. Simulations are in good agreement with experiments
LECOURT, STEPHANE. "Etude retrospective de 524 mesures ambulatoires de la pression arterielle : analyse globale et notion d'effet blouse blanche." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU31042.
Full textSimonet, Laurence Fouquet Francis Kléber Xavier. "Effet des hétérogénéités sur le Pouvoir Thermoélectrique de l'acier de cuve." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2007. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=simonet.
Full textBilodeau, Pierrick. "Modélisation et caractérisation à pression atmosphérique de lentilles électrostatiques à focalisation forte de type quadripolaire." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26103.
Full textThe purpose of this project was to test the possibility of incorporating a system of quadrupole lenses into the ion source LDTD with the aim of focusing the ion beam created by the source. Since this kind of ion source operates under atmospheric pressure and the space in which the electrostatic lenses would be incorporated is fairly small, it was necessary to test if this type of lenses would be able to properly work with these restrictions. The first step was to obtain a proof of concept by simulating the lenses with the program SIMION and the user program SDS which allow us to simulate ions moving through a gas and different electric fields. We then created and characterized them by trying different configurations. All configurations succeeded in focusing the ion beam, but at the expense of an increase in the voltage needed to create the corona discharge.
Simonet, Laurence. "Effet des hétérogénéités sur le Pouvoir Thermoélectrique de l'acier de cuve." Lyon, INSA, 2006. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2006ISAL0123/these.pdf.
Full textIn service working conditions, the vessel of the Pressurized Water Reactors (PWR) undergoes an ageing due to irradiation. In order to follow the evolution of the mechanical characteristics of the steel in service, EDF launched a surveillance program which consists to carry out mechanical tests on samples aged in reactor. However, the results of these tests have the disadvantage to be affected by the presence of heterogeneities within the steel. Indeed, because of its manufacturing process, the steel contains segregated areas. Thus, EDF launched Thermoelectric Power Measurements (TEP) on the resilience samples of the surveillance program, to complete the mechanical tests and to help with their interpretation. However, these measurements are today difficult to analyse because they include at the same time the effect of the irradiation and the effect of the metallurgical heterogeneities. The aim of this work consisted in evaluating the effect of the heterogeneities on the TEP of the non-irradiated vessel steel. For that, a numerical model was developed which allows to calculate the TEP of a composite structure. We have shown that the model is pertinent to highlight the effect of the heterogeneities on the TEP of the vessel steel, which is considered like a “matrix”/“segregation” composite. The model allowed us to put emphasis on the influence of different parameters on the TEP measurement. We have thus showed that the measurements conditions have an important effect on the obtained TEP value (influence of the applied pressure, the position of the sample on the device, the site of the metallurgical heterogeneities,…)
Hayani, Rachid el. "Effet de la pression hydrostatique sur la conductivite electrique et la rigidite dielectrique du polyethylene et du polyamide-imide." Toulouse, INSA, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ISAT0024.
Full textCaupin, Frédéric. "Cavitation dans l'hélium 3 : un liquide de Fermi à pression négative." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00000905.
Full textSerrari, Allal. "Etude de la nitruration thermique, à pression atmosphérique, de l'oxyde de silicium et du silicium." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112404.
Full textThermal nitridation of silicon and oxidized silicon provides best dielectric properties than thin silicon dioxide used in M. O. S. Technology, that is the interest to study them. The nitridation was performed at atmospheric pressure in a furnace under NH3 at high temperature (900°C-1100°C) for various times between 5 secondes and 2 heures. In order to understand the mechanism of nitridation, the influence of several parameters on the chemical composition of the resulting layers has been studied. The physico-chemical characterization was carried-out throught complementary analysis technics such as: nuclear reaction analysis, Auger electron and Xray spectrometries, secondary ion mass spectrometry and ellipsometry. It has been shown that the nitridation of silicon gives layers containing oxygen. Their thickness increases with time and temperature but saturates after one hour (80 A at 1100°C). Nitrided silicon dioxide (oxinitride) is inhomogenous with a nitrogen-rich surface layer and a pile-up of nitrogen at the interface oxinitride/silicon. This pile-up was observed for a 30 secondes nitridation of a 450 A oxide/ that mean a diffusion coefficient of 3. 10-13 cm2/s. The diffusion coefficient decreases rapidly with nitridation time, reach 10-15cm2 /s for 10 minutes. The nitrogen incorporation in the oxide film is accompagned with a de- crease of the oxygen amount. The atomic transport mecanism of oxygen during the nitridation was studied by using isotopique oxides. A model for the nitridation mechanism has been proposed. High frequency (1 MHZ) capacitance-voltage measurements were used in order to determine the flatband voltage and fixed charges in the formed layers. The properties of oxidation-resistance revealed by the layer have been pointed-out
Skrabal, Katharina. "Evolution du tropisme cellulaire du VIH-1 in vivo : effet de la pression de sélection pharmacologique et immunologique." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077183.
Full textBosc, Fabien. "Centre DX et mobilité électronique dans les superréseaux GaAs/AlAs-application capteur de pression." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20169.
Full textNajib, Abdelkrim. "Etude de quelques composés de cérium du type fermions lourds : corrélations, cohérence, diagrammes de phases sous pression." Grenoble 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE10064.
Full textZemirli, Saliha. "Etude sous haute pression de quelques fermions lourds : effets de cohérence et ordre magnétique." Grenoble 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986GRE10148.
Full textCury, Luiz Alberto. "Propriétés électroniques de structures semiconductrices III-V à effet tunnel résonnant sous pression hydrostatique et sous fort champ magnétique." Toulouse, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAT0004.
Full textBellil, Hédi. "Méthodes et systèmes de décorrélation de température et de pression pour capteurs à fibres optiques monomodes à effet intrinsèque." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37611714f.
Full textHayani, Rachid el. "Effet de la pression hydrostatique sur la conductivité électrique et la rigidité diélectrique du polyéthylène et du polyamide-imide." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37605847f.
Full textBretonneau, Quentin. "Effet d'une pression expiratoire positive au repos et à l'exercice sur l'oxygénation des muscles intercostaux chez des sujets sains." Thesis, Poitiers, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020POIT2259.
Full textIn patients with obstructive pulmonary disease, airway narrowing can induce ventilatory disturbances such as expiratory flow limitation (EFL) and/or pulmonary hyperinflation (PH). In such a context, the metabolic balance could be disturbed within the intercostal muscle tissue, especially during exercise, which could promote the onset or worsening of dyspnea.To simulate ventilatory disturbances that may be encountered by patients with obstructive pulmonary diseases (e.g. abnormally high resistance of the airways to expiration, EFL and PH), a positive expiratory pressure (PEP) of 20 cmH2O was imposed at rest and during exercise in healthy subjects. Oxygenation of the intercostal muscles was measured by near-infrared spectroscopy at the 7th intercostal space.At rest, a decrease in oxyhemoglobin concentration ([O2Hb]) probably linked to a decrease in total hemoglobin concentration ([tHb], i.e. local blood volume) was observed in response to PEP (Study 1). However, no reduction in tissue oxygen saturation index (TSI) was reported (Studies 1 to 3), even in a context of PEP-induced PH (Study 2). During exercise, a lower increase in [O2Hb] and [tHb] was observed when PEP was imposed (vs. control). A decrease in TSI and inspiratory capacity was also reported between rest and exercise in this condition (Study 3).According to the results of our studies, when a PEP of 20 cmH2O is imposed at rest in young healthy subjects, no metabolic imbalance seems to occur in the intercostal muscles. However, when this PEP is imposed during exercise, a disturbance of the metabolic balance seems to happen. This could be partly explained by local hemodynamic alterations induced by PH. However, further studies are needed to clarify this aspect.Finally, no relationship between dyspnea and the metabolic condition of the intercostal muscles was observed during our studies. However, correlations between respiratory discomfort and instantaneous ventilatory flows were highlighted at rest and during exercise with PEP (Studies 1 and 3). A relationship between dyspnea and PH was also observed at rest (Study 2).Future research will aim to verify, at rest and during exercise, whether the oxygenation of the intercostal muscles is influenced by PH in patients with obstructive pulmonary pathologies
Belaradh, Nabil. "Modélisation et simulation numérique d'une flamme turbulente non-prémélangée : effet de la pression et de la composition du mélange." Orléans, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ORLE2029.
Full textBellil, Hédi. "Methodes et systemes de decorrelation de temperature et de pression pour capteurs a fibres optiques monomodes a effet intrinseque." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR13155.
Full textCantin, Danny. "Effet inhibiteur de la ventilation nasale à pression positive intermittente sur les reflux gastro-oesophagiens chez l'agneau nouveau-né." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6719.
Full textPreterre, Christophe. "Etude d'un arc transféré dans le méthane en atmosphère non oxydante et à pression normale." Rouen, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ROUES044.
Full textPouliot-Mathieu, Kat. "Effet antihypertension d'un fromage contenant un composé bioactif : l'acide gamma-aminobutyrique (GABA)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23238.
Full textFiorini, Sarah. "Effet de l'augmentation de la pression partielle du dioxyde de carbone et de la température sur le phytoplancton calcifiant (coccolithophoridés)." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066586.
Full textSalem, Mehdi. "Étude de l'endommagement par fatigue thermique des moules de fonderie sous pression d'aluminium : effet de l'interaction avec l'aluminisation et l'oxydation." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1266/.
Full textHot work tool steels damage results of a combination of Thermal Fatigue (TF) and various environmental mechanisms, especially in the case of Aluminium Die Casting. This complex damage mechanism has been observed in real life conditions as well as in laboratory tests. Beyond 500 °C, a duplex oxide layer grows on the surface of H11-13 steels exposed to ambient air. The inner layer is rich in chromium whereas the outer layer is poor. Otherwise, during contact with molten aluminium alloy, the iron from the steel interacts with aluminium atoms and forms a multiphase intermetallic layer at their interface. An experimental approach based on the decoupling of loading was designed to study damage mechanisms individually and under complex conditions. In a first step, a immersion test is carried out to examine the interaction between X38CrMoV5 tool steel and a molten AlSi9Cu3 alloy under static and isothermal conditions. The growth of the intermetallic layer is governed by diffusion and is largely dependent on a dissolution phenomenon which accelerates beyond 650 °C. In the second step, a new induction thermal fatigue rig used in air and/or inert atmospheres with reduced PO2, has been set up to study the combined effects of thermal fatigue and oxidation. Disk shaped axi-symmetric test specimens made from pre-aluminised or virgin X38CrMoV5 steel were used. Thermal fatigue experiments are performed with different thermal cycle at the edge, where Tmin = 100 °C and Tmax = 550 to 650 °C with heating rates of 420 °C. S-1. At 550 °C, damage in the case of virgin steel is due to cyclic scaling of the oxide layer and no macro-cracking is observed until 400,000 cycles. Beyond 550 °C, when the superficial layer (oxide or intermetallic) is compact and has strong adhesion to the base metal, it first undergoes regular and parallel micro-cracking. From these "un-iaxial heat checking", several macroscopic cracks propagate in the steel. However, in the absence of a compact outer layer, macro-cracks appear simultaneously as soon as the steel reaches a critical cyclic softening. At macroscopic scale, the macro-cracks propagate in mode I perpendicularly to the ortho-radial axis. The depth of these macro-cracks depends on their number. A finite element thermo-mechanical analysis was performed. The material models used in this analyses were based on "thermo elastic-plastic" (EP) and "thermo-elasto-visco plastic" (EVP) behaviour. It is shown that the behaviour model selection is not significant if the stress life approach of prediction is used. However, the EVP model is found to be better adapted if other parameters (such as the maximum stress at crack initiation) is considered, because it takes into account time-related effects (e. G. Loading rate and microstructure evolution). The concept of linear fracture mechanics was used as the crack propagation criterion. The Stress Intensity Factor (SIF) was calculated using the weight function of Bueckner and was validated through measurement of residual crack opening distance at ambient temperature
Flotat, Jean-Christophe. "Perception visuelle et mouvement de frappe au tennis : effet de la pression temporelle, de l'incertitude spatiale et du niveau d'expertise." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR20029.
Full textThe aim of this thesis was to identify all visuomotor adjustments that expert and non-expert tennis players might implement under various temporal and spatial constraints. Our core assumption applied to the existing relationship between visual perception of the ball trajectory and behavioral adjustment to. The experimental tennis court we had elaborated enabled us to watch the subjects in most reality-like game situations and to realize synchronized records of central vision and spatio-temporal parameters of movement. We noticed that ocular pursuit of the ball trajectory generally ceases 150 ms prior to the precise moment of racket-ball contact. Increased temporal pressure made this cessation occur even earlier. The resulting delay was of 300 ms for non-expert players, 200 ms for expert players, the latter demonstrating their ability to have ocular pursuit near more closely the moment of racket-ball contact. By simulating an opponent, we could observe the mode of information pick-up in central vision diversify toward: continuous ocular pursuit of the ball trajectory, disrupted pursuit accompanied by temporary focus on the opponent, and visual "focusing" on a theoretical middle-point between the opponent and the probable stroke-execution point. The discussion treatised the role of the information pick-up time and angular ball velocity as well as the role of the visuomotor delay upon central vision. In terms of spatio-temporal parameters of movement, the higher the temporal pressure, the shorter the time window allocated to preparing for hitting the ball, the duration of the proper stroke remaining rather unchanged. We also could evidence temporal adjustments within the overall movement, overwhelmingly during the final preparation phase. The debate was to consider process-related aspects of how tennis players make a link between perception and action. The results of our study might be of great interest to those who may want to reconsider didactics in tennis
Braithwaite, Daniel. "Etude des supraconducteurs à haut-Tc par effet Raman et sous très haute pression : exemple de YBa2Cu3O7-x et YBa2Cu4O8." Grenoble 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990GRE10103.
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