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Journal articles on the topic 'Effet Zeeman'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

Sakho, Ibrahima. "« Principe 7 » De La Pédagogie, Effet Zeeman-Effet Prérequis, Architecture Pyramidale Du Système Lmd: Mise En Œuvre D’une Pédagogie Discriminatoire Pour Un Enseignement De Qualité." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 24 (August 31, 2018): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n24p159.

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In this work, we demonstrate by analogy with the quantified levels of atomic systems, that the levels of education from elementary to Superior are "quantified". The transition of a learner from one level of instruction to another is analogous to an electronic transition between atomic levels. The notions of ground state, excited states and ionized state of atomic systems have their equivalents in the school and university systems. It is demonstrated in this work that the number 7 is revealed in all countable elements of an educational system. This leads to the statement of the "principle 7 " of pedagogy. Thus, there are 7 levels of instruction or teaching-learning in the elementary, 7 levels at the middle-level and 7 levels of teaching-learning at the higher level. In addition, there are 7 degrees, 7 hours of work of the learner in the school space. The application of "Principle 7 of pedagogy" to the determination of the number of classes per cycle and the number of students per classroom is discussed. Moreover, it is shown in this work, that the Pauli Exclusion Principle allows to account for the correct occupation of the tablesbenches by the learners and that and the indiscernibility principle of the particles accounts for the necessity of the wearing school clothes. By analogy with the Zeeman Effect, it is shown that all levels of teaching-learning are degenerate. The lifting of degeneration by "Prerequisite Effect" highlights the need to put into practice a discriminatory pedagogy for quality education at the elementary level as well as at the higher level. Finally, it is demonstrated by analogy with the tightening of the atomic levels with the increase of the principal quantum number, that the architecture of the LDM must have the appearance of a pyramid, the base being constituted by the level License and the summit by the PhD level. Moreover, the increase in the number of 180/120/180 credits does not follow the pyramidal architecture of the LMD and that it should mathematically decrease according to the ratio L / M = M / D = 3/2; which corresponds to the 180/120/80 pyramidal progression. If a credit corresponds to 20 hours of work in L and M, it should correspond to 45 hours of work in D.

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2

Calderón Chamochumbi, Carlos. "Efecto Zeeman Normal." Campus 20, no. 20 (December 30, 2015): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24265/campus.2016.v20n20.03.

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3

Kanamori, Hideto, Morihisa Momona, and Katsumi Sakurai. "Diode laser spectroscopy of the atmospheric oxygen band." Canadian Journal of Physics 68, no. 3 (March 1, 1990): 313–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p90-049.

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The atmospheric oxygen band due to magnetic dipole transitions was studied by a diode laser absorption spectroscopy combined with a Zeeman modulation technique. The high-resolution spectrum of the 0–0 band was observed with Doppler-limited resolution and compared with a previous spectrograph measurement. The Zeeman effect at low magnetic field was investigated by the Zeeman line profiles. It was found that the second-order Zeeman effect was observable in the F2 transition of the [Formula: see text] state with magnetic field as low as 150 G.

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4

Zhang, Rui, Teng Wu, Jingbiao Chen, Xiang Peng, and Hong Guo. "Frequency Response of Optically Pumped Magnetometer with Nonlinear Zeeman Effect." Applied Sciences 10, no. 20 (October 10, 2020): 7031. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10207031.

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Optically pumped alkali atomic magnetometers based on measuring the Zeeman shifts of the atomic energy levels are widely used in many applications because of their low noise and cryogen-free operation. When alkali atomic magnetometers are operated in an unshielded geomagnetic environment, the nonlinear Zeeman effect may become non-negligible at high latitude and the Zeeman shifts are thus not linear to the strength of the magnetic field. The nonlinear Zeeman effect causes broadening and partial splitting of the magnetic resonant levels, and thus degrades the sensitivity of the alkali atomic magnetometers and causes heading error. In this work, we find that the nonlinear Zeeman effect also influences the frequency response of the alkali atomic magnetometer. We develop a model to quantitatively depict the frequency response of the alkali atomic magnetometer when the nonlinear Zeeman effect is non-negligible and verify the results experimentally in an amplitude-modulated Bell–Bloom cesium magnetometer. The proposed model provides general guidance on analyzing the frequency response of the alkali atomic magnetometer operating in the Earth’s magnetic field. Full and precise knowledge of the frequency response of the atomic magnetometer is important for the optimization of feedback control systems such as the closed-loop magnetometers and the active magnetic field stabilization with magnetometers. This work is thus important for the application of alkali atomic magnetometers in an unshielded geomagnetic environment.

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5

Khvingia, N. L., and A. V. Turbiner. "The Zeeman effect revisited." Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 25, no. 2 (January 28, 1992): 343–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/25/2/004.

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6

LIU, C. P. "ZEEMAN EFFECT ON THE ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF CARBON NANOTORI IN A STRONG MAGNETIC FIELD." International Journal of Modern Physics B 22, no. 27 (October 30, 2008): 4845–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979208049030.

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We mainly study the Zeeman effect on electronic structure of carbon nanotori in the presence of magnetic field (B) perpendicular to the tori's plane. As a function of magnetic flux (ϕ), the energy gap (Eg) and density of states (DOS) near the Fermi level are obtained in the case of with and without considering the Zeeman effect. Without spin-B interaction, the ϕ-dependent electronic structure would exhibit the periodical Aharonov–Bohm (AB) oscillation. A magnetic-field-induced semiconductor-metal transition is indicated in the variation of energy gap and DOS of armchair tori. The Zeeman effect on electronic structure is notable at relatively large ϕ (~100ϕ0, with ϕ0 = h/e), e.g., more phase transition points may appear in the Eg - B dependence for armchair tori, and the destruction of periodical AB oscillation is distinct due to the Zeeman effect. These results may be observed by scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurement.

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7

Kozhevnikov, Sergey, Frédéric Ott, and Florin Radu. "Data representations of Zeeman spatial beam splitting in polarized neutron reflectometry." Journal of Applied Crystallography 45, no. 4 (July 14, 2012): 814–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889812018043.

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The different Zeeman beam-splitting effects in neutron reflectivity experiments in reflection and refraction are discussed. Different possible representations of the experimental Zeeman splitting data in various coordinate systems are investigated. Some of these representations are useful to unambiguously identify the off-specular splitting arising from Zeeman energy and discriminate it from the usual diffuse scattering. Some representations are more suited for the direct extraction of quantitative information about the systems by using the Zeeman splitting effect. The Zeeman splitting can thus be used as a tool rather than being treated as a parasitic effect. Parameters such as the optical and magnetic potentials of buried layers can be directly extracted. The magnetic induction in demagnetized samples can also be probed. These representative characteristics are illustrated by experimental data measured on different systems. In thick AlSiFe films (20 µm), the magnetic induction is determined at the top and bottom interfaces. In thin Co layers (250 nm), the magnetic induction of ferromagnetic domains in the demagnetized state is evaluated.

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8

Zhao, Jingxiang, Xu Yan, and Qiang Gu. "The Zeeman-split superconductivity with Rashba and Dresselhaus spin–orbit coupling." International Journal of Modern Physics B 31, no. 25 (October 10, 2017): 1745011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979217450114.

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The superconductivity with Rashba and Dressehlaus spin–orbit coupling and Zeeman effect is investigated. The energy gaps of quasi-particles are carefully calculated. It is shown that the coexistence of two spin–orbit coupling might suppress superconductivity. Moreover, the Zeeman effect favors spin-triplet Cooper pairs.

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9

Robishaw, Timothy, Carl Heiles, and Eliot Quataert. "Zeeman splitting in OH megamasers." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 3, S242 (March 2007): 467–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921307013610.

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AbstractWe detected significant Zeeman splitting in the 1667 MHz OH megamaser emission from four ultraluminous galaxies. These detections, in addition to being the first extragalactic detection of the Zeeman effect in an emission line, suggest that OH megamasers are excellent extragalactic magnetometers.

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10

Tan, C. Z. "Zeeman effect in α-quartz." Physica B: Condensed Matter 404, no. 16 (August 2009): 2229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2009.04.014.

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11

Ezawa, Motohiko. "Intrinsic Zeeman Effect in Graphene." Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 76, no. 9 (September 15, 2007): 094701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.76.094701.

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12

Kauffmann, Christiaan. "On the acoustic Zeeman effect." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 105, no. 2 (February 1999): 1087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.425092.

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13

Paiva, R. A. S., R. G. G. Amorim, S. C. Ulhoa, A. E. Santana, and F. C. Khanna. "Zeeman Effect in Phase Space." Advances in High Energy Physics 2020 (January 8, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4269246.

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The two-dimensional hydrogen atom in an external magnetic field is considered in the context of phase space. Using the solution of the Schrödinger equation in phase space, the Wigner function related to the Zeeman effect is calculated. For this purpose, the Bohlin mapping is used to transform the Coulomb potential into a harmonic oscillator problem. Then, it is possible to solve the Schrödinger equation easier by using the perturbation theory. The negativity parameter for this system is realised.

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14

Feinberg, G., A. Rich, and J. Sucher. "Quadratic Zeeman effect in positronium." Physical Review A 41, no. 7 (April 1, 1990): 3478–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.41.3478.

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15

Bleaney, B. "Centenary of the Zeeman effect." Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London 52, no. 1 (January 22, 1998): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.1998.0040.

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The years 1994–97 are marked by a plethora of anniversaries. In 1845 Michael Faraday discovered rotation of the plane of polarization of light in a magnetic field, now known as the ‘Faraday effect’. The first wireless communication was transmitted on 14 August 1894 by Oliver Lodge at a meeting of the British Association in Oxford. This message, sent from the old Clarendon Laboratory to the University Museum, was the first demonstration of the transmission of information by radio using the Morse code, well before the work of Marconi. The centenary was marked by a lecture in Oxford by Peter Rowlands, the author (with J. Patrick Wilson) of Oliver Lodge and the invention of radio .

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16

Cazzoli, Gabriele, Valerio Lattanzi, Sonia Coriani, Jürgen Gauss, Claudio Codella, Andrés Asensio Ramos, José Cernicharo, and Cristina Puzzarini. "Zeeman effect in sulfur monoxide." Astronomy & Astrophysics 605 (September 2017): A20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201730858.

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17

Takagi, Kojiro, Shozo Tsunekawa, Kaori Kobayashi, Tomoya Hirota, and Fusakazu Matsushima. "Microwave Zeeman effect of methanol." Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy 377 (March 2021): 111420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jms.2021.111420.

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18

Lankhaar, Boy, Wouter Vlemmings, Gabriele Surcis, Huib Jan van Langevelde, Gerrit C. Groenenboom, and Ad van der Avoird. "Quantum-Chemical calculations revealing the effects of magnetic fields on methanol masers." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 13, S336 (September 2017): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921318000686.

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AbstractMaser observations of both linearly and circularly polarized emission have provided unique information on the magnetic field in the densest parts of star forming regions, where non-maser magnetic field tracers are scarce. While linear polarization observations provide morphological constraints, magnetic field strengths are determined by measuring the Zeeman splitting in circularly polarized emission. Methanol is of special interest as it is one of the most abundant maser species and its different transitions probe unique areas around the protostar. However, its precise Zeeman-parameters are unknown. Experimental efforts to determine these Zeeman-parameters have failed. Here we present quantum-chemical calculations of the Zeeman-parameters of methanol, along with calculations of the hyperfine structure that are necessary to interpret the Zeeman effect in methanol. We use this model in re-analyzing methanol maser polarization observations. We discuss different mechanisms for hyperfine-state preference in the pumping of torsion-rotation transitions involved in the maser-action.

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19

Deguchi, S., G. Nedoluha, and W. D. Watson. "Circular Polarization of Astrophysical Masers." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 129 (1988): 237–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900134564.

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Results of further calculations are presented to explore the non-linear, Zeeman overlap effect as the cause for the circular polarization of astrophysical masers. Emphasis is placed on the regime in which the Zeeman splitting is small and on the variation of the polarization with maser saturation.

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20

Sharma, Preet. "𝒫𝒯-Symmetric Quantum Mechanics Basics & Zeeman Effect." Reports in Advances of Physical Sciences 04, no. 03 (September 2020): 2050006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2424942420500061.

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The non-Hermitian aspect of Quantum Mechanics has been of great interest recently. There have been numerous studies on non-Hermitian Hamiltonians written for natural processes. Some studies have even expressed the hydrogen atom in a non-Hermitian basis. In this paper, the principles of non-Hermitian quantum mechanics are applied to the time independent perturbation theory and compared with the Zeeman effect. Here, we have also shown the condition under which the Zeeman Effect results will still be true even though the Hamiltonian taken into consideration is non-Hermitian.

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21

Reiners, Ansgar. "Magnetic Fields in Low-Mass Stars: An Overview of Observational Biases." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 9, S302 (August 2013): 156–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921314001963.

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AbstractStellar magnetic dynamos are driven by rotation, rapidly rotating stars produce stronger magnetic fields than slowly rotating stars do. The Zeeman effect is the most important indicator of magnetic fields, but Zeeman broadening must be disentangled from other broadening mechanisms, mainly rotation. The relations between rotation and magnetic field generation, between Doppler and Zeeman line broadening, and between rotation, stellar radius, and angular momentum evolution introduce several observational biases that affect our picture of stellar magnetism. In this overview, a few of these relations are explicitly shown, and the currently known distribution of field measurements is presented.

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22

Robishaw, Timothy, and Carl Heiles. "The magnetic field in luminous star-forming galaxies." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 4, S259 (November 2008): 493–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921309031160.

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AbstractAn ongoing search for Zeeman splitting in the 1667 MHz OH megamaser emission from luminous star-forming galaxies has yielded numerous detections. These results, in addition to being the first extragalactic measurement of the Zeeman effect in an emission line, suggest that OH megamasers are excellent extragalactic magnetometers. We review the progress of our survey and discuss future observations.

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23

戚, 丽丽. "Study on the Zeeman Effect Experimental Method Based on the Digital Zeeman Effect Experimental System." Optoelectronics 07, no. 01 (2017): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/oe.2017.71004.

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24

Song, Zhigang, Xiaotian Sun, Jiaxin Zheng, Feng Pan, Yanglong Hou, Man-Hong Yung, Jinbo Yang, and Jing Lu. "Spontaneous valley splitting and valley pseudospin field effect transistors of monolayer VAgP2Se6." Nanoscale 10, no. 29 (2018): 13986–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nr04253e.

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25

Borovkova, Olga V., Felix Spitzer, Vladimir I. Belotelov, Ilya A. Akimov, Alexander N. Poddubny, Grzegorz Karczewski, Maciej Wiater, et al. "Transverse magneto-optical Kerr effect at narrow optical resonances." Nanophotonics 8, no. 2 (January 26, 2019): 287–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2018-0187.

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AbstractMagneto-optical spectroscopy based on the transverse magneto-optical Kerr effect (TMOKE) is a sensitive method for investigating magnetically-ordered media. Previous studies were limited to the weak coupling regime where the spectral width of optical transitions considerably exceeded the Zeeman splitting in magnetic field. Here, we investigate experimentally and theoretically the transverse Kerr effect in the vicinity of comparatively narrow optical resonances in confined quantum systems. For experimental demonstration we studied the ground-state exciton resonance in a (Cd,Mn)Te diluted magnetic semiconductor quantum well, for which the strong exchange interaction with magnetic ions leads to giant Zeeman splitting of exciton spin states. For low magnetic fields in the weak coupling regime, the Kerr effect magnitude grows linearly with increasing Zeeman splitting showing a dispersive S-shaped spectrum, which remains almost unchanged in this range. For large magnetic fields in the strong coupling regime, the magnitude saturates, whereas the spectrum becomes strongly modified by the appearance of two separate peaks. TMOKE is sensitive not only to the sample surface but can also be used to probe in detail the confined electronic states in buried nanostructures if their capping layer is sufficiently transparent.

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26

Ovsiannikov, V. D., and E. V. Tchaplyguine. "The PaschenBack effect in helium spectra revisited." Canadian Journal of Physics 80, no. 11 (November 1, 2002): 1383–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p02-102.

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The complete information for the intensities of the Zeeman components in the helium triplet lines corresponding to the radiation transitions n3 PJM [Formula: see text] n' 3S1M ' is analyzed in the field-strength region from anomalous Zeeman effects to complete PaschenBack effects. The diagonalization of the paramagnetic interaction for n3PJM was carried out for the states with magnetic quantum number M = 0 in the Hilbert space of dimension 3, taking account of all three fine-structure sublevels, J = 0,1,2. The results of the numerical calculations for line positions and intensities are presented in a table and figures. The departure from the previously known data is discussed. PACS Nos.: 32.60+i, 32.70Fw, 32.30-r

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27

Ramaprabhu, S., and K. V. S. Rama Rao. "Powder Zeeman Study of the Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance Lower Transition Spectrum for I = 5/2; Application to Orthoperiodic Acid." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 40, no. 2 (February 1, 1985): 112–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1985-0202.

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The Zeeman effect of the nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) lower transition (± 3/2 ↔ 1/2) spectrum for I=5/2 in crystalline powder has been studied and the frequency splittings of the ±3/2 ↔ ± 1/2 transition line have been plotted as a function of the asymmetry parameter η and the external magnetic field H. The experimental Zeeman frequency splittings of the 127I lower transition line in crystalline powder of H5IO6 have been compared with the theoretical values in order to evaluate η. The present value of η agrees with the earlier values reported from the two transition frequencies and also from a single crystal Zeeman study on the ± 3/2 ↔ ± 1/2 transition line.

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28

Cupała, Wiesław. "Some estimates concerning the Zeeman effect." Studia Mathematica 105, no. 1 (1993): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4064/sm-105-1-13-23.

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29

Altorra, Ayman H. "Relativistic Pauli equation and Zeeman effect." Physics Essays 22, no. 2 (June 1, 2009): 160–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4006/1.3105922.

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30

Raspini, A. "Relativistic Zeeman effect hydrogen and positronium." Journal of Physics B: Atomic and Molecular Physics 18, no. 19 (October 14, 1985): 3859–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3700/18/19/009.

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31

Agababaev, V. A., A. M. Volchkova, A. S. Varentsova, D. A. Glazov, A. V. Volotka, V. M. Shabaev, and G. Plunien. "Quadratic Zeeman effect in boronlike argon." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 408 (October 2017): 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2017.03.130.

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32

Kondratyev, V. N. "Zeeman Effect at Explosive Nuclide Formation." Physics of Atomic Nuclei 81, no. 6 (November 2018): 890–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063778818060224.

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33

Chéron, B., H. Gilles, J. Hamel, O. Moreau, and H. Sorel. "Laser frequency stabilization using Zeeman effect." Journal de Physique III 4, no. 2 (February 1994): 401–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp3:1994136.

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34

Uzer, T. "Zeeman effect as an asymmetric top." Physical Review A 42, no. 9 (November 1, 1990): 5787–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.42.5787.

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35

Krems, R. V., D. Egorov, J. S. Helton, K. Maussang, S. V. Nguyen, and J. M. Doyle. "Zeeman effect in CaF(2Π3/2)." Journal of Chemical Physics 121, no. 23 (December 15, 2004): 11639–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1814097.

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36

Rinaldi, R., P. V. Giugno, R. Cingolani, H. Lipsanen, M. Sopanen, J. Tulkki, and J. Ahopelto. "Zeeman Effect in Parabolic Quantum Dots." Physical Review Letters 77, no. 2 (July 8, 1996): 342–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.77.342.

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37

Bauer, M., and L. Kador. "Zeeman effect of single-molecule lines." Chemical Physics Letters 407, no. 4-6 (May 2005): 450–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2005.03.131.

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38

Khalack, Viktor, and John Landstreet. "Partial Paschen-Back splitting of Si ii and Si iii lines in magnetic CP stars." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 9, S302 (August 2013): 284–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921314002294.

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AbstractA number of prominent spectral lines in the spectra of magnetic A and B main sequence stars are produced by closely spaced doublets or triplets. Depending on the strength and orientation of magnetic field, the PPB magnetic splitting can result in the Stokes I profiles of a spectral line that differ significantly from those predicted by the theory of Zeeman effect. Such lines should be treated using the theory of the partial Paschen-Back (PPB) effect. To estimate the error introduced by the use of the Zeeman approximation, numerical simulations have been performed for Si ii and Si iii lines assuming an oblique rotator model. The analysis indicates that for high precision studies of some spectral lines the PPB approach should be used if the field strength at the magnetic poles is Bp > 6-10 kG and V sin i < 15 km s−1. In the case of the Si ii line 5041 Å, the difference between the simulated PPB and Zeeman profiles is caused by a significant contribution from a so called “ghost” line. The Stokes I and V profiles of this particular line simulated in the PPB regime provide a significantly better fit to the observed profiles in the spectrum of the magnetic Ap star HD 318107 than the profiles calculated assuming the Zeeman effect.

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39

Augustovičová, Lucie D., and Vladimír Špirko. "Zeeman molecular probe for tests of fundamental physical constants." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 494, no. 2 (April 2, 2020): 1675–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa792.

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ABSTRACT The impact of the Zeeman effect on the Λ-doublet spectra of diatomic radicals is analysed from the point of view of a possible cosmological variation of the proton-to-electron mass ratio, μ. The actual model calculations performed for the 2Π3/2 and 2Π1/2 states of 16OH reveal that the Λ-doublet energy levels of diatomic radicals can be tuned to degeneracy by means of the Zeeman effect using realistic magnetic fields. Tuning this degeneracy allows for a dramatic enhancement of the relative mass sensitivity coefficients of the corresponding transitions and for a substantial reduction of their Doppler broadening. Moreover, unlike their field-free counterparts associated with the degeneracies arising due to the A ∼ 4B situations (A and B being the spin–orbit and rotation constant, respectively), the electric dipole allowed e ↔f Zeeman-tuned transitions exhibit favourable intensities, thus evidencing their promising potential.

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40

Momjian, Emmanuel, and Anuj P. Sarma. "Zeeman Effect Observations in Class I Methanol Masers." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 14, A30 (August 2018): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921319003910.

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AbstractWe report the detection of the Zeeman effect in the 44 GHz Class I methanol maser line toward the star forming region DR21W. The 44 GHz methanol masers in this source occur in a ∼3” linear structure that runs from northwest to southeast, with the two dominant components at each end, and several weaker maser components in between. Toward a 93 Jy maser in the dominant northwestern component, we find a significant Zeeman detection of −23.4 ± 3.2 Hz. If we use the recently published result of Lankhaar et al. (2018) that the F=5-4 hyperfine transition is responsible for the 44 GHz methanol maser line, then their value of z = −0.92 Hz mG−1 yields a line-of-sight magnetic field of Blos =25.4 ± 3.5 mG. If Class I methanol masers are pumped in high density regions with n∼107–8 cm−3, then magnetic fields in these maser regions should be a few to several tens of mG. Therefore, our result in DR21W is certainly consistent with the expected values.Using the above noted splitting factor in past Zeeman effect detections in Class I methanol masers reported by Sarma & Momjian (2011) and Momjian & Sarma (2017) in the star forming regions OMC-2 and DR21(OH) result in Blos values of 20.0 ± 1.2 mG and 58.2 ± 2.9 mG, respectively. These are also consistent with the expected values.

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41

MUKHOPADHYAY, SOMA, and ASHOK CHATTERJEE. "PHONON INDUCED SUPPRESSION OF THE ZEEMAN SPLITTING IN POLAR SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM DOTS: A QUANTUM SIZE EFFECT." International Journal of Modern Physics B 14, no. 32 (December 30, 2000): 3897–909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979200002533.

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The effect of the electron–phonon interaction on the Zeeman splitting of the first excited level of a two-dimensional parabolic quantum dot is studied using the nondiagonal Hartree–Fock variational approximation within the framework of Green's function formalism for the entire range of the electron–phonon interaction strength and arbitrary confinement length. The results are applied to GaAs and CdS quantum dots and it is shown that polaronic interaction can cause a strong size-dependent suppression of the Zeeman splitting in these dots if their sizes are made sufficiently small.

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42

Stolze, W. H., and D. H. Sutter. "The Rotational Zeeman Effect of 1,2,4-Trifluorobenzene." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 44, no. 7 (July 1, 1989): 687–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1989-0715.

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Abstract The rotational Zeeman effect of 1,2,4-trifluorobenzene has been studied for 8 low-J rotational transitions in magnetic fields between 1.9 and 2.4 Tesla. The observed susceptibility anisotropics and molecular g-values are: (2χaa−χbb−χcc) = 37.85(69) • 10−6 erg G−2 mole−1, (2χbb−χcc−χaa) = 56.85(54) • 10−6 erg G−2 mole−1, gaa= −0.0393(3), gbb= −0.0277(3), and gcc = 0.0042(2). The Zeeman parameters have been used to derive the molecular electric quadrupole moments and vibronic ground state expectation values for the electronic second moments. The observed out-of-plane quadrupole moment is discussed with reference to an additivity scheme proposed earlier. The observed out-of-plane component of the molecular magnetic susceptibility tensor is in excellent agreement with the value predicted earlier from the CNDO/2-π-electron density alternation at the ring atoms.

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Krtička, J. "Hot-star wind models with magnetically split line blanketing." Astronomy & Astrophysics 620 (December 2018): A176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834097.

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Fraction of hot stars posses strong magnetic fields that channel their radiatively driven outflows. We study the influence of line splitting in the magnetic field (Zeeman effect) on the wind properties. We use our own global wind code with radiative transfer in the comoving frame to understand the influence of the Zeeman splitting on the line force. We show that the Zeeman splitting has a negligible influence on the line force for magnetic fields that are weaker than about 100 kG. This means that the wind mass-loss rates and terminal velocities are not affected by the magnetic line splitting for magnetic fields as are typically found on the surface of nondegenerate stars. Neither have we found any strong flux variability that would be due to the magnetically split line blanketing.

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Bel, N., and B. Leroy. "Observability of the Magnetic Field in Molecular Clouds." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 140 (1990): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s007418090019028x.

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Auzinsh, Marcis. "The evolution and revival structure of angular momentum quantum wave packets." Canadian Journal of Physics 77, no. 7 (November 1, 1999): 491–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p99-050.

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In this paper, a coherent superposition of angular-momentum states created by absorption of polarized light by molecules is analyzed. Attention is paid to the time evolution of wave packets representing the spatial orientation of the internuclear axis of a diatomic molecule. Two examples are considered in detail. Molecules absorbing light in a permanent magnetic field experiencing the Zeeman effect and molecules absorbing light in a permanent electric field experiencing the quadratic Stark effect. In a magnetic field, we have a wave packet that evolves in time exactly as a classical dipole oscillator in a permanent magnetic field (classical-physics picture of the Zeeman effect). In the second case, we have a wave packet that goes through periodical changes of shape of the packet with revivals of the initial shape. This is pure quantum behavior. The classical motion of angular momentum in an electric field in the case of a quadratic Stark effect is known to be a periodic. Solutions obtained for wave packet evolution are briefly compared with Rydberg-state coherent wave packets and harmonic-oscillator wave packets. Zeeman and Stark effects in small molecules continuously attract the attention of researchers, theoreticians, as well as experimentalists. These investigations allow us to obtain a deeper understanding of the interaction of molecules with stationary external fields and also can be used as a practical tool to measure different molecular characteristics, such as permanent electric or magnetic dipole moments, intramolecular perturbations, etc. It is worthwhile analyzing these effects as an evolution of wave packets. All this motivates a comparison of the quantum and classical picture of Zeeman and Stark effects in molecules.PACS No.: 33.55.Be

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CHATTERJEE, PRASANTA, RAJKUMAR ROYCHOUDHURY, and MALAY KUMAR GHORUI. "Phase shifts of magneto-acoustic solitons in spin-1/2 fermionic quantum plasma during head-on collision." Journal of Plasma Physics 79, no. 3 (November 26, 2012): 305–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377812000980.

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AbstractThe head-on collision between two magneto-acoustic solitons in spin-1/2 fermionic quantum plasma is studied in the framework of the model proposed by Marklund et al. (Marklund, M., Eliasson, B. and Shukla, P. K. 2007 Phys. Rev. E. 76, 067401). The extended Poincare–Lighthill–Kuo method is used to obtain the phase shifts and the trajectories during the head-on collision of two solitons. The effect of the Zeeman energy for different speeds of the waves, the effect of the total mass density of the charged plasma particles for different strengths of magnetic field, the effect of the speed of the wave for different values of the Zeeman energy, and that of the ratio of the sound speed to Alfven speed for different values of Zeeman energ on the phase shift are studied. It is observed that the phase shifts are significantly affected in all the cases. The most interesting observation of this paper is that the phase shifts increase as well as decrease, and also they may be positive as well as negative depending upon the domain of the chosen parameters.

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Furman, G. B., and I. M. Kadzhaya. "Zeeman Effect of Pure NQR in a Rotating Frame (CW and Pulsed Excitation)." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 47, no. 1-2 (February 1, 1992): 412–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1992-1-269.

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Böttcher, O., V. Meyer, and D. H. Sutter. "On the Validity of Additivity Rules for the Molecular Magnetizability Tensor and the Molecular g-Tensor in van der Waals Complexes. A Rotational Zeeman Effect Study o f 1,1-Dideutero-Cyclopropane." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 49, no. 4-5 (May 1, 1994): 585–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1994-4-510.

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AbstractThe molecular g-tensor and the magnetic susceptibility anisotropy of cyclopropane were deter mined by a microwave Fourier transform study of the rotational Zeeman effect of its 1,1-dideuterated isotopomer. The results g⊥ = 0.02675(23), g∥ = 0.06998(23), and ξ⊥ - ξ ∥ = 8.80(31) · 10-6 erg G-2 mol-2 are in agreement with values determinea indirectly from van der Waals complexes. This finding provides experimental evidence that in van der Waals molecules additivity rules might hold to a high degree of approximation for both types of tensors. Rotational Zeeman effect studies of van der Waals complexes may thus provide valuable extra information on their structures.

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Navas-Guzmán, F., N. Kämpfer, A. Murk, R. Larsson, S. A. Buehler, and P. Eriksson. "Zeeman effect in atmospheric O<sub>2</sub> measured by ground-based microwave radiometry." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 8, no. 4 (April 23, 2015): 1863–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-1863-2015.

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Abstract. In this work we study the Zeeman effect on stratospheric O2 using ground-based microwave radiometer measurements. The interaction of the Earth magnetic field with the oxygen dipole leads to a splitting of O2 energy states, which polarizes the emission spectra. A special campaign was carried out in order to measure this effect in the oxygen emission line centered at 53.07 GHz. Both a fixed and a rotating mirror were incorporated into the TEMPERA (TEMPERature RAdiometer) in order to be able to measure under different observational angles. This new configuration allowed us to change the angle between the observational path and the Earth magnetic field direction. Moreover, a high-resolution spectrometer (1 kHz) was used in order to measure for the first time the polarization state of the radiation due to the Zeeman effect in the main isotopologue of oxygen from ground-based microwave measurements. The measured spectra showed a clear polarized signature when the observational angles were changed, evidencing the Zeeman effect in the oxygen molecule. In addition, simulations carried out with the Atmospheric Radiative Transfer Simulator (ARTS) allowed us to verify the microwave measurements showing a very good agreement between model and measurements. The results suggest some interesting new aspects for research of the upper atmosphere.

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Navas-Guzmán, F., N. Kämpfer, A. Murk, R. Larsson, S. A. Buehler, and P. Eriksson. "Zeeman effect in atmospheric O<sub>2</sub> measured by ground-based microwave radiometry." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 8, no. 1 (January 5, 2015): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-1-2015.

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Abstract. In this work we study the Zeeman effect on stratospheric O2 using ground-based microwave radiometer measurements. The interaction of the Earth magnetic field with the oxygen dipole leads to a splitting of O2 energy states which polarizes the emission spectra. A special campaign was carried out in order to measure this effect in the oxygen emission line centered at 53.07 GHz. Both a fixed and a rotating mirror were incorporated to the TEMPERA (TEMPERature RAdiometer) radiometer in order to be able to measure under different observational angles. This new configuration allowed us to change the angle between the observational path and the Earth magnetic field direction. Moreover, a high resolution spectrometer (1 kHz) was used in order to measure for the first time the Zeeman effect in the main isotopologue of oxygen from ground-based microwave measurements. The measured spectra showed a clear polarized signature when the observational angles were changed evidencing the Zeeman effect in the oxygen molecule. In addition, simulations carried out with the Atmospheric Radiative Transfer Simulator (ARTS) allowed us to verify the microwave measurements showing a very good agreement between model and measurements. The results suggest some interesting new aspects for research of the upper atmosphere.

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