Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Effets de contexte (Psychologie)'
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Rainis, Natascha. "Psychologie expérimentale et psychologie légale : de nouveaux effets de contexte afin d'améliorer la mémoire des témoins oculaires." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997CLF20004.
Full textSince the beginning of the 20 th century, researches applied to eyewitness testimony allowed to show the fallibility of eyewitnesses memory. Concerning some of the factors that could reduce the quality of the recollection of a criminal event, we have chosen to study two factors which are often linked to the fact of being an eyewitness to such an event. The first factor is the negative emotions felt by the witness. The second factor is the fact to be confronted to people others than the protagonist of the criminal scene; these people can constitute an interference at the moment of the suspect identification. In this vein, our aim was to find a technique which allowed to counterbalance the deleterious influence of these two factors on the eyewitnesses memory. According to us, the technique which appeared the most efficient or the most promising was a particular context reinstatement procedure. In fact, we obtained important mnesic benefits in using, at test, a contextual scene different but semantically associated to the encoding context
Lannegrand-Willems, Lyda Roely-Ida. "Identité scolaire et effets de contexte chez l'adolescent." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR21004.
Full textPichot, Nathalie. "La Connaissance normative en matière d'internalité : stratégies d'autoprésentation et effets de contexte." Rennes 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997REN20044.
Full textThis piece of research fits in with sociocognitive theory which assumes the existence of social general norm : the norm of internality (Beauvois, 1984), and its knowledge : the normative clear-sightedness (Py et somat, 1991). The norm of internality is defined as a social valuation of explanations of behaviours and outcomes which emphasize the causal role of the actor. The normative clear-sightedness corresponds to the knowlegde of social valuation of internal explanations. This normative learning is activated regardless of personal beliefs in evaluative contexts. First studies on normative clear-sightedness validate this meaning, but some questions remain as to general nature of this concept and its determiners. To solve these problems, an experimental program was elaborated. It takes self-presentation's experimental data into consideration and includes three trends. The first aims at understanding people's perception of evaluative situations and specifying the distinctive nature of the normative clear-sightedness. The second sets out to show that the normative clear-sightedness is expressed in the presence of a judge and is based on products in accordance with the last one's ideas. The third intends to establish the general nature of the normative clear-sightedness. The results of these three orientations of research tend to prove that the normative clear-sightedness is a general knowledge. These experimental data demonstrate equally that an activation of this normative learning is conditionned by situational components as other and leads to make use of suited self-presentation's strategy
Stewart, Isobel. "Effets de contexte dans l'activation des représentations sociales : schéma de genre et professions." Paris 8, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA081744.
Full textGuillaume, Fabrice. "Étude comportementale et électrophysiologique des effets de contexte en reconnaissance des visages : implications théoriques pour les modèles à deux processus (familiarité et récollection)." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10040.
Full textGuegan, Jérôme. "Effets de contexte et modulation des processus sociocognitifs via Internet." Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00807819.
Full textBonin, Delphine. "Variabilité évaluative et effets de contexte : contribution à l'étude des limites de l'influence contextuelle implicite sur les réponses évaluatives et perspectives pour l'optimisation des situations de test de consommation." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF20007.
Full textKnap, Florence Marie. "Mémoire et contexte : étude de l'effet de fausse familiarité dans le cadre du veillissement." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR21002.
Full textRobin, Tiphaine. "Engagement comportemental et personnalité : etudes de l'influence modulatrice des cinq facteurs sur les effets de l'engagement dans le contexte des changements liés à l'alimentation." Nantes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NANT3031.
Full textThis thesis intends to evaluate the influence exerted by the five personality dimensions of the five factors model (McCrae et Costa, 1985; 1987) on the attitudinal and behavioral consequences of a behavioral commitment, in the context of student nutrition. A first study has been conducted with 167 students with a view to evaluate the efficacy of a commitment procedure, and notably by the public pattern of this technique, as a function of these five dimensions. This study highlight a weak and limited impact of the five dimensions of personality on the studied changes: notably, it appears that extraversion influences the efficacy of private commitment to induce attitudinal changes in the long term. The second and third studies have been conducted with a population of 186 and 268 students, with a view to put to the test the influence exerted by extraversion in relation to the effects of public commitment procedure. If the second study fails to highlight such an influence, it emerges from the third study that the modulation exerted by extraversion is only found on a behavioral dimension annex to the eating changes. These three studies reveal besides that behavioral commitment fails to induce eating and attitudinal changes upper to those aroused by a non-commitment procedure. These results are discussed from the angle of the difficulty of the eating change and of the possible moderation, due to this difficulty, of the effects exerted by personality on the commitment efficiency
Gaulejac, Fabienne de. "Effet du contexte sur la réaction comportementale à la nouveauté chez l'animal. D'un système cognitif à un autre ?" Toulouse 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU30210.
Full textMax, Sylvain. "Les effets des réputations d'infériorité intellectuelle sur les performances académiques : une menace de l'identité." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00473478.
Full textBerda, Nathalie. "Effets de l'engagement dans différents contextes organisationnels et modes de communication." Montpellier 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON30066.
Full textCompliance techniques which are freely consented, such as the foot-in-the-door, the two-feet-in-the-door and the “you are free to…” can lead a person to behave in a way that he would not have done spontaneously. The aim of this study is to test some of these commitment techniques in different organizational contexts while using different types of communication. The thesis focuses on free consenting submission techniques and analyses them with regard to other forms of influence. This analysis leads to the development of five experiments which were applied to the associative, commercial and managerial domains. We obtained three important results. First, we showed that the double foot-in-the-door can be efficient on internet. Second, we noticed that the “you are free to…” is a relevant method to use on the phone. Finally, we provided evidence of the effects of commitment training on employee involvement
Crouzat, Pauline. "Collectifs de travail en ingénierie aéronautique : comment soutenir et développer l’activité collective en contexte de transformation organisationnelle et digitale ?" Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2131.
Full textEngineering knows an evolution of its organizational environment and of its tools (digitalisation). The development of collective activity is a valuable resource for health at work and for organisational performance (Caroly, 2010; Clot, 2010). That’s why it is necessary to preserve and protect it. Here, the objective is to determine conditions of activity that can participate to collective dynamics in engineering. Professionals involved are the key stone of this thesis.With our intervention research, we tried to identify the resources and the constraints of an efficient and significant collective activity for actors of engineering. Our working analysis combines two processes: understand to transform (interventional aim) and change to understand (epistemic and scientific aim).From a macro-organisational point of view, the first point is to identify socio-technical resources and constraints of collective activity. Then, we address personal experience, needs and expectations of actors in terms of collective dynamics (micro-organisational level); before designing and deploying interventions with them (meso-organisational level). Finally, we will see how it is possible to (re)-introduce a dialogical activity in the global work. This way permits to (re)-create opportunities for people to spot themselves in the ecosystem (team level) and to have a better understanding of shared practices and mutual expectations. To (re)-open the debate, focusing on the expression of people (rather than the information, only) can help actors to locate them in their work ecosystem and to fall within a matrix this system of work, over-equipped in terms of socio-technical tools
Hamdi, Hinda. "Les stratégies de coping en contexte de violences conjugales : étude de leurs effets sur la souffrance psychique et la qualité de vie des femmes victimes de violences conjugales." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100107/document.
Full textIntroduction : Domestic violence constitutes an important source of stress for women who are victims. To face the stress felt, the latter tend to set up strategies of adaptation to this stress called coping strategies. If these are dysfunctional, they can threaten mental health. In this perspective, the main objective of the present thesis is to measure the potential efficiency of several coping strategies on the intensity of diverse psychological dimensions (anxiety-state-trait, depression, post-traumatic stress, dissociation and perception of life quality) in a specific context of domestic violence. And thus, to bring out psychotherapeutic applications centered on the learning of coping strategies which would play a beneficial role on the mental health of women victims of domestic violence. The secondary objective of this thesis is to propose a comparative study between a group of women victims of domestic violence and a control group of women who have not been victims of violence, stemming from the general population, according to the measured variables.Method : The data were collected, according to a quantitative approach (questionnaires of self-assessment scientifically valid) and qualitative (semi-structured interview guide), amongst 78 women victims of domestic violence and 99 women stemming from the general population. Bivariate, multivariate analyses and comparative tests were carried out to test, at a statistical level, our hypotheses of research.Results : The main results indicate that concerning women victims of domestic violence, the coping strategies centered on the problem, centered on the resolution of the problem, and centered on personal evolution are particularly effective for the level of anxiety-depression and to allow a satisfactory perception of life quality. The coping strategies centered on the autocontrol play a beneficial role on the perception of life quality. However, coping strategies such as those centered on escaping, appear as detrimental for all the psychological variables studied. The coping strategies centered on emotion and centered on acceptance play a noxious role on the level of post-traumatic stress. Finally, none of, the coping strategies measured had favorable links on the level of dissociation. Women victims of domestic violence suffering from dissociation at a pathological degree constitute a population strongly at risk. Concerning the comparative study, our results reveal that women victims of domestic violence are more anxious, more depressive, more pathologically traumatized, more dissociated and have a poorer perception of life quality than women stemming from a control group. They use more coping strategies centered on the problem, centered on acceptance and centered on escaping, and fewer coping strategies centered on research for social support than those stemming from the control group.Conclusion : Lines of thought integrating the topic of coping strategies were proposed to improve the psychotherapeutic care of women victims of domestic violence. New strategies of coping, more specific and adapted to a context of domestic violence, have also been suggested, and proposals were made
Thérouanne, Pierre. "Effet du contexte lexical sur l'accès à la signification des homographes polarisés." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010189.
Full textJund, Robin. "Les apprentissages des enfants français d'origine nord africaine d'âge scolaire sont-ils soumis aux effets de menace du stéréotype en contexte réel de classe ?" Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CLF20023/document.
Full textRecent studies emphasize that young French North-Africans are less likely than others to havea baccalauréat. We argue that this lower success can be due, at least in part, to a lower qualityof school learning. According to Steele and Aronson (1995) and the stereotype threathypothesis, the principal aim of this work was to examine in which extent negativestereotypes about learning abilities of French North African children can decrease quality oflearning. In a developmental perspective, our second goal was to better know when stereotypethreat effect begins to impact children’s learning and performance. Finally, in an ecologicalperspective, our third aim was to test if stereotype threat occurs in real academic setting. Fiveexperiments were conducted in real academic setting among nearly 1 000 students in primaryschool level. As expected, the results showed that stereotype threat affects negatively learningof French North-African children in primary school. In addition, the results highlighted theinfluence of children’s social identity. Ethnic and gender identities effects also appearedshowing a favourable effect for French North-African girls but an unfavourable one for theirmale peers. Overall, these findings support a sociocognitive explanation of French North-Africans inferiority in baccalauréat access, rather than a sociobiological one. Furthermore,these findings support a new understanding of processes implicated in stereotype threat
Bonnet, Lise. "Orientation professionnelle des personnes placées sous main de justice : analyse sur les effets psychologiques d’une intervention à l’accompagnement au projet en contexte carcéral." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022REN20011.
Full textThis study examines the impact of a vocational guidance program on incarcerated individuals. Access to employment is recognized as a lever in the desistance process. However, people leaving detention have difficulty finding employment. Guidance programs are deployed in detention centers in order to define and implement professional projects. Beyond the search for concrete solutions, current guidance practices aim to develop autonomy, self-construction and the ability to rebuild one's life. Ambition is used to help shift the incarcerated people’s trajectory. A study was conducted with 32 men who were enrolled in a guidance program during their incarceration. The findings are evaluated on the basis of two types of data: first, background and knowledge related to the goals of the project, and second, the pre- and post-test results that measured psychological dimensions related to self-perceptions, i.e., the feeling of self-efficacy, self-determination, causal attributions, self-esteem and self-image. Before the program, participants' self-presentations did not appear to be functional for accessing employment or training. The results suggest that the intervention leads to a more realistic and adaptive self-presentation for future reintegration. Prospects are put forward to more effectively support the professional integration of the prison population
Duvelson, Emilien. "Etude des effets de la relecture sur la compréhension de textes explicatifs par des enfants de cycle 3 dans le contexte diglossique d'Haïti, conception et validation d'aides et de remédiations aux difficultés de compréhension." Paris 8, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA083364.
Full textThis research on the understanding and the production of explanatory text describing the causes and the consequences of the climate change, in French (L2), studies the effects of the second reading / hearing in Native language L1 on the understanding at learners of cycle 3 in the diglossia context of Haiti. These learners, particularly those stemming from discriminated circles, meet some difficulties to understand and produce texts, especially when missing linguistic resources and knowledge on the world evoked in texts. Following the reading of the text in L2 and her second reading / hearing in L1, the pupils of discriminated circles manage to activate the knowledge built in their language and their culture and also to remind the most important propositions of the text and to help them have a better understanding of it. Within the framework of a collaborative Face-to-face work and remote, textual helps in native language rewriting allowed an improvement of the quality of texts produced at the discriminated pupils. The answers to an initial and final questionnaire of knowledge which framed the tasks of writing and rewriting showed that the native language was used as help to activate knowledge during the understanding or the production of L2; which contributed to activate the knowledge built in this language and to help build new knowledge in the furure at the circles of discriminated pupils. The data of this research allows to contribute to the revival of learning / education in L2 in diglossia context, more particularly at the Haitian learners of circles sociocultural discriminated
Licata, Laurent. "Identités représentées et représentations identitaires: effets des contextes comparatif et sociopolitique sur la signification psychologique des appartenances géopolitiques." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211740.
Full textDoctorat en sciences psychologiques
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Rull, Marion. "La dimension sociale de la menace : effets ambivalents des contextes menaçants sur les attitudes intergroupes." Caen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CAEN2043.
Full textTo identify the effects of threatening context (e. G. , climate change threat) on intergroup relations is important in our multicultural societies. To understand this social dimension of threat is also essential to position the special role of physical activities and sport, and the body involvement associated to educational and social integration policies. We argue that these threats active the security system that induces the research of affiliation toward groups providing a sense of security (and inversely). These groups are perceived warmer, which improves intentional behavior. Whereas individual context threats damage outgroup warmth, an outgroup who which shares the threat, even an uncontrollable threat, is a source of social support, and therefore security and perceived as warmer. Our nine studies support this process via artificial and natural induction of shared threats in which classic processes associated to superordinate goal and common fate are controlled. The expected results are observed on attitudinal and behavioral measures concerning various intergroup relations (e. G. , ethnics, special classes). The moderation of these effects by the shared threat and by the threatening nature of outgroup, and the mediation of these effects by intergroup connectedness supports the proposed process. This work also shows the importance of the emotions induced by context in intergroup relations whereas theories are mainly focused on the role of intergroup emotions
Cadiou, Clarisse. "L’influence du bilinguisme précoce sur le développement et le fonctionnement cognitif de l’enfant." Brest, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BRES1017.
Full textThe main objective was to evaluate the influence of bilinguism on children’s cognitive functioning and development. We wondered if precocious bilingualism constitutes for the child a complimentary variable of his/her environment, likely to influence his/her cognitive development and to contribute to his/her leaming profile, and if the precocious introduction of a second language influences the acquisition of the maternal language. We studied the parents’ reasons for placing their child in a Diwan school (French-Breton) and those of the child to continue in this circuit of schools. We led a longitudinal and comparative study. The main results gathered at the primary school show bilingualism contributes to defining an apprenticeship profile in which simultaneous information processing prevails and at the secondary school, we haven’t, however, been able to confirm this, but we have highlighted some characteristics which seem to translate subtle outward signs of differential functioning
Beck, Marie. "Les effets des nouvelles aides à la vente et à l’achat sur l’attitude et la prise de décision du consommateur : le cas d’une cabine d’essayage virtuelle dans un contexte cross-canal." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL12008.
Full textIn this dissertation, we study the effects of Interactive Consumer Decision Aids (ICDA) on consumer attitudes and behavior. Through the analysis of the literature on the effects of ICDA, we highlight priority research areas. From the review, we make three research propositions concerning the effects of ICDA on the affective, motivational and cognitive dimensions of consumer attitudes. Three exploratory qualitative studies strengthen and clarify these research propositions. Two further exploratory studies lead to the proposal of a taxonomy, based on the intrinsic characteristics of ICDA. Two sets of research hypotheses are then offered. The first set of hypotheses concerns the direct effect of the presence of a recreational ICDA on attitudes and behavior, while the second set concerns the mechanism activated in the presence of such a tool. The confirmatory steps, including three empirical quantitative studies (of which two were pre-tests) allow us to test these hypotheses. The results show that the presence (vs. absence) of an ICDA generates (1) more positive and less negative affective reactions, (2) more specific curiosity about the product, (3) higher trust in the website, less perceived risk and (4) more intent to patronize and purchase. Some of the effects are found to be moderated by the consumer’s expertise about new technologies and by the need to touch. The results also show that the specific curiosity about the product and about the ICDA mediate the effects of positive affective reactions, trust and perceived risk on the behavioral intention variables. The discussion of these results and of their implications is outlined in the last chapter. Finally, the limits of the work and suggestions for further research are presented
Rousseau, Julie. "Relations interethniques et identité à l'école primaire : effet du groupe ethnique, de l’âge et du contexte scolaire." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR21666/document.
Full textInterethnic relationships, whether they are intergroups as interethnic attitudes or interpersonal as affiliative choices, take a major role in the construction of child's identity, due to their influence on self-esteem and ethnic identification. French children grow in an environment offering a diversity of several cultural groups coming from immigration or not. Through the study of certain aspects of French children’s identity and interethnic relationships, the purpose of this research is to confirm several theoretical models upon criteria such as ethnic membership, school context and age. Indeed, for each child we scaled his level of self-esteem and ethnic identification, the biases he could show in his affiliative choices and his explicit and implicit attitudes towards the various ethnic groups around him. The sample is composed of 447 children in second and fourth grades, coming from three different ethnic groups: French, Maghrebian and African; schooled in three different contexts: French-monocultural classes, 50% French classes, and multicultural classes. The link between ethnic identification, interethnic attitudes and self-esteem differ according to ethnic groups and school context. Self-esteem is mainly linked with age. The two groups coming from immigration don’t show the same interethnic attitudes. Children’s interethnic attitudes partially match the stereotypes about groups coming from immigration. The children share a common positive vision towards French and African groups and a negative one towards Maghrebians. A multicultural school context doesn’t mean more interethnic biases in affiliative choices neither positive attitudes towards Maghrebians, but foster a strong ethnic identification. Affiliative choices biases are not linked with interethnic attitudes, children don’t show endo or exo-group biases in their choices
Benmarhnia, Tarik. "Vulnérabilité à la chaleur dans le contexte des changements climatiques." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA11T003/document.
Full textClimate change is one of the biggest public health threats in the 21th century. An increase in temperatures will lead to an increase in mortality attributable to temperature. In addition, some populations and territories are particularly vulnerable to the impact of increases in heat. It is thus necessary to identify these populations and territories as well as examine future heat-Related health impacts in order to recommend equity-Oriented policies today and in the future. The general objective of this thesis is to document current and future heat-Related vulnerability factors in the context of climate change. In order to address this general objective, the thesis involved four components: a) to conduct a systematic review and a meta-Analysis to assess the heterogeneity in the heat-Mortality associations with respect to individual and contextual population characteristics; b) to identify whether and how the magnitude of mean temperature effects on all-Cause mortality were modified by chronic air pollution exposure, social deprivation, and a combination of these two dimensions; c) to develop a method to quantify the climate change impacts on heat-Related mortality using climate modeling; d) to assess historical and future social disparities in years of life lost caused by ambient temperature in Montreal and Paris, and compare these estimates as well as the impact of climate change on social disparities between the two cities. This thesis highlights which populations are more vulnerable to heat and shows that several differences exist with regard to guidelines from international public health institutions for the identification of vulnerable populations. This thesis also identified chronic air pollution exposure as a new vulnerability factor in heat-Related mortality and that it has a double interaction with social deprivation. Furthermore, in this thesis a novel method to quantify future heat-Related mortality was developed which emphasized the strong evidence of an increase in heat-Related mortality under climate change. This method was then applied to estimate the increase in daily years of life lost social disparities in both Montreal and Paris under climate change which showed that this increase would be greater in Montreal compared to Paris in the future. Thus, this thesis which used a variety of epidemiologic methods has clarified which populations are particularly vulnerable to heat impacts and challenges guidelines for the identification of vulnerable populations from international public health institutions. It has also highlighted the climate change impacts on health inequalities and aims to reorient equity-Focused policies
Richard, Vincent. "La signification linguistique entre effets de structures et effets de contexte." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010583/document.
Full textThe goal of this dissertation is to introduce generative grammar into the philosophical study of linguistic meaning in natural languages, while articulating it with a contextualist theory of meaning. First, we will show that syntactic procedures are autonomous from any external semantic constraints (autonomy of syntax thesis) while constraining the construction of linguistic meaning (syntactocentrism thesis). We will also show that the results of syntactic derivations that are grammatical but not usable are contextually filtered out at a post-syntactic stage. In a second part, we will show that syntax determines the structure of meaning. We will start by criticizing the lexicalist conceptions accordinf to which the structure of meaning derives from data included in lexical items. Then we will show that the semantic forms of expressions are event structures of which each element strictly corresponds to an element in syntactic structure. In a third part, we will show that while interpretive structure is rigidly determined by syntactic structure, the content of terms used in expressions is the result of an interaction involving conceptual content, syntactic structure and contextual filtering. This entails a conception of concepts as encyclopedic entries made up of a multiplicity of data on which a local selection of contextually relevant information operates
DUFOUR, ANDRE. "Perception visuelle de l'orientation effets de contexte." Strasbourg 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR13004.
Full textMartin, Stéphanie. "Valeur et contexte : influence de la valeur et du contexte sur le jugement personnologique." Rennes 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REN20006.
Full text@This thesis deals with the way evaluative activity of personology. It aims more particularly at distinguishing social utility value and desirability value, in the personological vocabulary. Utility notion is varied interpret. For some (pragmatics), utility is determned by the accurate context of individual insertion and for others (normatives), it is a value that has to be understood by the stakes and the social environmental requirements. The results of five researches will agree with Beauvoir's conceptions (1976, 1982, 1984, 1994, 1995) and Beauvois et Dubois (1991a, 1991b). Those results will bring us 4 to ask ourselves about the ways social relations. A group of criteria will enable us to distinguish social relations in two categories. Power relations that take place among the different partners seem to determinate the organization of various criteria. Different conceptions about power will then be approached. Weber's approach (1922) will hold our attention. By analysis power relations with the domination and law concepts, this orientation brings us to put together the social functioning and the power relations
Banna, Kelly Marie Newland M. Christopher. "Drug effects on behavior in transition does context matter? /." Auburn, Ala., 2007. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2007/FALL/Psychology/Dissertation/BANNA_KELLY_36.pdf.
Full textTeo, Hong-Siang. "An activity-driven model for an interactional notion of context." Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/dissert/2009/Jun/09Jun%5FTeo_PhD.pdf.
Full textDissertation supervisor: Singh, Gurminder. "June 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on July 14, 2009. Author(s) subject terms: mobile computing, context awareness, activities as context. Includes bibliographical references (p. 113-117). Also available in print.
Knox, Joshua Adam. "Context effects examined imagination, sleep experiences, dissociation, and schizotypy /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2007.
Find full textSloat, Vanessa Calabrese. "Context processing in psychometrically defined schizotypes." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2007.
Find full textMemon, A. "Context effects in face recognition." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355418.
Full textPujol-Coumariau, Alain. "Les effets psycho-sociaux de l'informatique." Paris, EHESS, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986EHESA006.
Full textThis research study the cognitive specificity of computer scientists and further, the cognitive impacts of computer uses. Four main topics are investigated: - the relationships between, ecology, technology, culture and ways of thinking; - a theory of human cognitive functionning; - the cognitive impacts of computer uses; - how a new way of thinking is getting introduced in everyday life (c. A. I, meta- cognition, video-games, computerized workstation, etc. . ) this research shows that computer science is not only a more efficient way of processing information, but also a medium, an ideology and a specific way of thinking. The theoretical analysisis as well as the experimental results indicates that the computerization of society build the conditions of a mutation which could be necessary to the cognitive requirements of the information societies
Noguchi, Takao. "Choice evaluation and context effects." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2014. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/63781/.
Full textThompson, Linda Jean Margaret. "Effects of context on face recognition." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271805.
Full textBoillaud, Eric. "Modélisation de l'effet du contexte dans la perception : le cas de l'évaluation par catégories." Aix-Marseille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX10098.
Full textIn the experimental literature on context effects with rating scales, relative judgements are known to be dependent on variations in the distribution of the stimuli. The range-frequency model describes some properties of the responses at an algebraic level. The purpose of the study is to formalise the cognitive processes which underlie the theoretical principles of the range-frequency model. Two models are presented. The centre-based model accounts for context effects in the case of stimuli presented all at a glance (simultaneous presentation). I assume that ratings minimise the sum of squared deviations from the means of the stimuli in the respective categories. The model is based on an algorithm used for the automatic classification of numerical data, in which a new specification is introduced which concerns the constraint of consistent assignment. The model accounts for the results of previous research, and for the results of an experiment which are consistent with classical data (experiment 1). The prototype-based model accounts for context effects in the case of stimuli presented one after the other (successive presentation). I assume that the various response categories are represented in working memory by a series of prototypes. Several rules describe how prototypes are evoked, retrieved and corrected during the task. Quantitative simulations with the model generate good fits to data of previous research, and correct predictions for new results of three experiments. The sensitivity to the context is affected by the order of the stimuli (experiment 2), by the perceptive-mnemonic ambiguity upon the stimuli (experiment 3), and by the instructions of comparison (experiment 4). The results of experiment 4 seem to be inconsistent with two alternative models. The prototype-based model also supports a new qualitative classification of the context effects, which are assumed to be induced by both a dispersion bias and an evocation bias
Molet, Mikaël. "Temps, saillance et contexte : une approche cognitive de l'apprentissage." Lille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL30023.
Full textSix articles on time, salience and context are presented in this present work. The four of the most popular models in cognitive behaviourism are used. The scalar expectancy theory (Gibbon, 1977) accounted for time effect. Three experimental articles explored the inhibition of delay and superposition result in human conditioned avoidance. Rescorla-Wagner (1972) and Makintosch (1975) learning models accounted for salience effect. A critical paper reviewed the powerful heuristic of the Rescorla-Wagner model. Additionally, an experimental paper explored the salience effect in human predictive learning. The theory of Bouton (1993) accounted for context effect. A second critical paper reviewed the literature in causal/predictive learning on context effect of extinction
Becker, Theresa M. "Differential effects of negative and positive affect on context processing." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5086.
Full textDonnadieu, Sophie. "Représentation mentale du timbre des sons complexes et effets de contexte." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05H036.
Full textThe identity of the objects of our sound quotidian environment would be vehicle by their timbre. The application of spatials models attempt to represent the psychological structure of a set of timbres according a geometric space which the axes are interpreted as the perceptual dimensions. We observe a tridimensional space for a set of musical timbres where the dimensions correspond to the logarithm of the rise time of the temporal envelope (LRT), the spectral center of gravity (SCG) and the spectral flux. The model fitting better if we include specificities and differences between class of listeners in the perceptual salience of the dimensions. Timbre categories, obtained by a non spatial model, are organised according to the physical functioning of the instruments. The study of context effects show that the dissimilarity decrease when the variation along the LRT and SCG dimensions increase but the categorical structure stay stable whatever the context. Moreover, the first dimension is more affected by the context that the second which suggest that some dimensions would presented a categorical structure when others would be continuous in nature. From a perceptual continuum going to a struck vibraphone to a bowed vibraphone, we show that it is possible to classify the stimuli in one or the other two tested categories (struck/bowed) and to discriminate the stimuli belonging to the same category. Musical timbre could so be defined according some physical dimensions along which the tones would varied in a continuous manner. A such space would be divided in different areas representing timbres categories. Categorisation would be the result of decisional boundarie establish in a given place of the continuum. Context does not affect the categories's organisation within such space but rather the perceptual salience of the dimensions
Hoffman, Kimberly Royston. "Influence of context on clinical teaching /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9998484.
Full textRic, François. "Effets sur le jugement social de l'exposition à des situations incontrôlables." Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100199.
Full textThe subjects deprived of control seem to be characterized by an altered psychological state of cognitive exhaustion in which their tendency to engage in constructive information processing is reduced. Instead, they rely on ready-to-use cognitive procedures (heuristic information processing). This could lead the subjects exposed to control deprivation (compared with subjects exposed to control) to search and use information that provide them with relatively valid judgments (based beliefs concerning, for example, the relationship between category membership and the possession of specific attributes) for a cognitively low cost. These processes could be at stake in a variety of contexts of social judgments like intergroup relations (experiments 1, 2, 3), judgments about social objects (experiment 4), judgments about a target (experiment 5), and judgments about the self (experiment 6). When the subjects are exposed to uncontrollability, they seem to use more easily the information about the situation (high- versus low-value) to formulate judgments about their own group (experiments 1, 2, 3) and about themselves (experiment 6), they seem more sensitive to cues that enable the use of categories (experiment 4), and seem less likely to formulate individuating judgments about a target (experiment 5) then the subjects exposed to control. These results couldn't be attributed to some mediation of emotional factors
Etchison, Sara. "Social evaluative context effects on motivational orientations." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=119455.
Full textLa façon dont les gens approchent leurs buts varie grandement et cette diversité a généralement été étudiée sous l'angle de traits de personnalité stables. En contrepartie, la recherche axée sur la poursuite des buts révèle que la présence, réelle ou symbolique, de gens proches peut influencer de façon notable le type de but que les gens se fixent. Mes co-auteurs et moi avons testé et mis en évidence l'influence du contexte social sur l'approche préconisée par les gens dans la poursuite de leurs buts. Plus précisément, nous soutenons que des variations d'approche motivationnelle peuvent être prédits en fonction de la nature particulière de l'évaluation émise par le contexte social. Les résultat documentés dans le premier manuscrit ont été obtenus auprès de golfeurs occasionnels ou en formation lors d'une compétition et suggèrent que leur performance, normalement affectée par une préoccupation excessive d'eux-mêmes, peut être préservée en déconditionnant le réflexe attentionnel porté vers les signaux désapprobateurs. Les résultats présenté au sein du second manuscrit indiquent que les femmes tendent à s'identifier davantage aux mathématiques lorsqu'elles se remémorent préalablement une interaction positive vécue avec une figure masculine, ou si elles sont entraînées à inhiber leur réflexe attentionnel s'il est porté vers les signaux désapprobateurs d'origine masculine. Le troisième manuscrit décrit une relation entre l'approche motivationnelle liée aux croyances sur la la perfectibilité de l'intelligence et le type d'évaluation social le plus fréquemment rencontré. Enfin, les résultats de deux études expérimentales sont présentés afin de montrer que l'activation de la représentation mentale d'un compagnon qui encourage un certain style d'évaluation, ou que l'utilisation d'un environnement virtuel fournissant un certain style évaluatif sont suffisants pour influencer l'approche motivationnelle adoptée par les participants. En somme, les résultats présentés au sein des trois manuscrits soutiennent de façon cohérente l'hypothèse que le contexte évaluatif social d'une personne contribue à façonner son approche motivationnelle.
Molet, Mikaël Leconte-Lambert Claire. "Temps, saillance et contexte une approche cognitive de l'apprentissage /." Lille : A.N.R.T, 2006. http://documents.univ-lille3.fr/files/pub/www/recherche/theses/MOLLET_MICKAEL.pdf.
Full textRamond, Catherine. "Contexte de référence et catégorisation : approches psychophysique et psychosociale de l'influence de croyances stéréotypées." Aix-Marseille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX10082.
Full textWhen we judge an object on a physical or social dimension, this one would be compared to other objects more or less similar. The term context refers to a representation of the set of objects. In psychophysical research, context is a block of stimuli presented and manipulated by the researcher. In social studies, contexts are "pre-existing", stored in memory, and activated at the time of judgment. Several contexts are able to be activated : a target object (a man) would be referred to its category (the men), or to its category and an antagonistic category (the women). So, we consider activation of contexts, and we study factors that influence the availability (and activation) of a particular context. We consider influence of stereotyped beliefs on judgments of happiness and sensitiveness, and we manipulate experimental design, perceived variability of the evoked categories, and the nature of the categorical system (dichotomous or not). With psychophysical material, we construct a belief by presenting several blocks of stimuli successively, and we study the influence of this experimental belief in manipulating the three previous factors. Influences of stereotyped beliefs on social or physical judgments are explained like contextual effects. All results are interpreted with several facilitation principles, they are simulated with a model currently being development
Nayigizente, Ildefonse. "Le rôle du contexte dans la résolution des problèmes isomorphes." Paris 8, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA08A011.
Full textChemartin, Laurent. "Modélisation des arcs électriques dans le contexte du foudroiement des aéronefs." Rouen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ROUES055.
Full textThis work concerns the study of electric arcs in the context of lightning strike to aircraft. A three-dimensional modelling of unsteady lightning arc, based on the resistive magneto hydrodynamic equations, is performed assuming Local Thermal Equilibrium, incompressible and expandable flow and static electromagnetic field. This modelling allows to compute two main characteristics of the arc that occur during a lightning strike to aircraft. The first one deals with the tortuosity and the chaotic motions, which are compared to measurements obtained at mean sea level. Simulations at usual aircraft flight altitudes (by changing the air density) do not modify the lightning channel main properties, which validate the mean sea level lightning test device. The second aspect concerns the study of the interaction of the arc with a blasted surface. The goal is to simulate a lightning test device which recreates in a laboratory the lightning damages. The simulations bring to light the fundamental role of the magnetic and the convective forces on the three-dimensional arc displacement, already observed during lightning test. The analysis of the simulations allows to develop an axisymectric modelling of the arc root interaction with the material, which reduces fifty times the calculation cost. Results show that, in agreements with observations, the damages bring on an aluminium panel are more important when this panel is a cathode, and increase with the current for the same charge transfer
Oung, Bouchra. "Contrôle et croyances devant un événement inexplicable : processus généraux et contexte culturel." Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100050.
Full textThe author's work is to establish the cognitive processes from which individuals deal with a message whose aim is to persuade them that an " inexplicable " event happened. In a first experiment, she points out that the individuals put first in a situation of cognitive control and then exposed to a " fantastic " rhetoric message (versus factual) understand it in a " systematic " way rather than in a " heuristic " way. In a second experiment, she shows that, in an attempt to nevertheless explain that event, those same individuals turn to " wild beliefs " (non-socially implemented by institutions nor Schools. . . ). In a third experiment, she focuses on showing that final year students in high schools, identified as "Muslims", not only exposed to a message that places this event in a cultural context from the Maghreb but as well under the effect of those same factors, tend to turn more to data extracted from their own corpus of beliefs
Hodgson, James Marion. "Context effects in lexical access and lexical recognition." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/16494.
Full textMcCaffrey, Tony. "The effect of context on the interpretation of noun-noun combinations eye movement and behavioral evidence /." Connect to this title, 2008. http://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/217/.
Full textVenturini, Adriana Soledad. ""De l'étrangéité, dans ses effets de parole et d'écriture"." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA070117.
Full textAlthough many theories have explored the subjective effects of change in culture and language, they all recognise the idea of trauma as the basic notion that inforras the "psychopathology of the immigrant". However, writers who choose a foreign language as a vehicle of expression question the concept of the alleged trauma of the migrant. From a psychoanalytic point of view, we seek to understand the creation and emergence of subjectivity "outside itself". More precise!y, we aim to explore how the notion of "otherness" unfolds in the subject's psyché. We question the identity of the subject's "original" world as complete, pure and unequivocal, and argue that this is also a space open to interpretation, and therefore implicitly "foreign". Our analysis of authors who choose to write in another language introduces a new way of thinking about identity and subject' s definition. They lead us to reformulate the status of "native" as something beyond "purity" or "completeness" and more like a "space open to interpretation. " Our research also shows that the adopted foreign language allowed writers to further transcend their own creative boundaries. We also explore the idea that even in writers that have a monoliteracy there is a linguistic facet of "foreigness" (the condition of language) that embodies the "untranslatable" part of the subject. We propose that this will to represent the "unknown" is an intrinsic condition in any given language and one that supports the subject's unique and creative dimension