Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Effets de génération'
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Coelho, Daniel. "Génération, géométrie et propriétés de transport de milieux granulaires." Poitiers, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996POIT2346.
Full textDurand, Capucine. "Stabilité des digues sous chargement sismique : vers une nouvelle génération de méthodes simplifiées." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAU021/document.
Full textEmbankments are strategic facilities that, among other things, protect population from flooding and canalize rivers for energy production or for irrigation concerns. Since their rupture can lead to terrible consequences, they must remain stable, especially in case of earthquake. However, given the very large length of embankments, it is rarely possible to conduct complete investigations and complex numerical models in regions of moderate seismicity. Therefore, simplified tools to estimate the dynamic response of embankments using accessible embankments’ features are necessary to estimate their capacity to resist seismic loadings. Existing simplified methods, generally developed to assess the dynamic response of embankment-dams, turn out to be inappropriate to study the particular case of embankments along rivers – or other types of embankment, with small height and large length. The majority of these simplified methods do not take into account site effects: they assume the presence of rock directly at the base of the embankment, whereas most of large length embankments are located in alluvial valleys. Two methods only - Sarma(1979) and Papadimitriou(2014) - take into account the interaction between the embankment and its soil foundation. However, the first one relies on strong assumptions (among others, that the bedrock is considered rigid and that the viscous damping is supposed to be both spatially uniform and very large) and the second one is limited to tall embankments (higher than 20 si{m}).The method developed in this thesis relies on assumptions that are more realistic: it considers geometries adapted to large length embankments, it accounts for the presence of a soil foundation and includes an energy dissipation process consistent with expected levels of strain. A numerical parametric study is performed based on the computation with the spectral element method of the viscoelastic response of a large set of embankments spanning a wide range of geometrical and mechanical properties. In order to take into account nonlinearity, damping and shear modulus reduction are adapted in each point of the numerical models according to the results of a set of 1D linear equivalent computations. A new simplified method is derived from the obtained numerical results using artificial neural networks. Abacuses are produced from the neural networks so that engineers can have at their disposal a visual tool. This thesis leads to a simplified method that uses some accessible features of embankments as input parameters. The ability of classical geophysical methods to provide those input parameters is further estimated on four sites corresponding to different realistic configurations
Drouin, Vincent. "Les effets de génération dans l'électorat français : tentatives d'analyses par cohortes, 1958-1992." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994IEPP0011.
Full textThe thesis aims to study the effects of differences between generations on the French electorate during the last three decades, through an analysis by cohorts of opinion polls. In the first part, a simplified model is used to show that the effects of generation are more marked as far as moral values are concerned than for purely political issues. It also shows a clear contrast between the rigidity of the pre-war generation and the liberalism of the post-war generation. The other two parts of the thesis, dealing with politics and moral values respectively, confirm the hypothesis of the model, expanding there notably on two issues : the complex relationship between the effects of generation and the level of education attainment, and the diversity of opinions contained within the concept of liberalism
Ducros, Nicolas. "Génération de supercontinuum dans le moyen infrarouge à l'aide de fibres optiques." Limoges, 2010. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/1ff43c99-e824-4b15-b1cb-5e40b4405d47/blobholder:0/2010LIMO4040.pdf.
Full textThe goal of this PhD thesis is the study and the development of fibre based supercontinuum systems emitting in the mid-infrared. The physical origins of supercontinuum generation are developped in the first part of this work. Then, supercontinuum generation based on a heavy metal oxyde glass fibre is studied. Two pump sources have been tested yielding broad bandwidth radiation from at least 1 µm up to 2. 8 µm. Numerical computations have been carried out showing that the limitation of the supercontinuum generated can be attributed to the strong O-H- absorption band at 2. 8 µm. Finally, high average power supercontinuum generation has been demonstrated in a large mode area fluoride step-index fibre. The average power was 100 mW over the whole spectrum extending from 1 µm up to 4. 2 µm. Numerical computations were used to simplify the pump source architecture
Maridonneau, Parini Isabelle. "Les radicaux libres oxygénés : effets cellulaires et mécanismes de génération par la NADPH oxydase." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066394.
Full textDufour-Delachaux, Sylvie. "De la nouvelle génération des formes cosmétiques ou le défi de la dermocosmétologie moderne." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05P020.
Full textIssaoui, Amal. "Comportement sous irradiation des aciers ODS (Oxide Dispersion Strengthened) pour le gainage combustible des réacteurs de 4ème génération." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1R008.
Full textThe extreme operating conditions envisaged for the fuel cladding of generation IV reactors (high temperature: 400°C-700°C, and high dose of irradiation: up to 150 dpa) require the development of new materials. Ferritic/martensitic steels reinforced by a dispersion of nanometric oxides (ODS: Oxide Dispersion Strengthened) are now one of the options for fissile cladding materials dedicated to the high combustion rates of a SFR. In fact, these steels exhibit a good resistance to swelling for high doses, up to 150 dpa, and a good resistance to creep deformation at high temperature thanks to the presence of nanometric oxides. However, neutron irradiation induces microchemical changes in the structure of these materials such as the separation of α-α ’phases and Cr depletion at the grain boundaries. These microstructural modifications can considerably affect the mechanical properties of these steels and could notably degrade the resistance to creep deformation and the resistance to swelling. These phenomena have been relatively little studied in ODS steels, in particular the precipitation of the ’ phase and its impact on the hardening of materials. Thus, the objective of the thesis work is to study the phenomenon of separation of the α-α ’phases as well as the behavior of grain boundaries under thermal aging, under ion irradiation and also under neutron irradiation. Excluding irradiation, the results obtained show that the precipitate ’ is formed by a non classical mechanism in ODS steels after thermal aging. It has been found that the oxide nanoreinforcements serve as a heterogeneous germination site for ’phases, thus accelerating the latter’s growth kinetics. If these phases initially harden the material significantly, their hardening effect is dependent on their kinetics of precipitation. In addition to the formation of these Cr-rich phases, Cr segregation at the grain boundaries has been demonstrated. It has been shown that enrichment in Cr is strongly dependent on the disorientation of the grain boundary and could, in the case of highly disoriented joints, cause a spinodal decomposition localized at the grain boundary. Under ion irradiation, it has been shown that the defects generate an induced Cr segregation depleting the grain boundaries, in particular in the case of an ODS Fe-14Cr alloy. ’-isolated droplets are 6 observed in the case of Fe-18Cr ODS while a mechanism of spinodal decomposition induced under irradiation has been observed in the case of Fe-14Cr ODS. The mechanisms highlighted in thermal ageing and under ion irradiation made it possible to understand the microstructures observed after neutron irradiation
Roy, Geneviève. "Étude comparant les effets secondaires métaboliques des antipsychotiques de seconde génération chez les enfants et les adolescents à ceux chez les adultes." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27396/27396.pdf.
Full textVallières, Maggie. "Profil hormonal, dysfonctions sexuelles et facteurs de risque de maladie cardiovasculaire chez des patients traités par des antipsychotiques de seconde génération." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25108/25108.pdf.
Full textGuerret-Piecourt, Christelle. "Effets de la génération, de l'injection et du piégeage des charges électriques sur les propriétés des isolants." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00128125.
Full textKaassamani, Shatha. "Polarization Spectroscopy of High Order Harmonic Generation in Semiconductors Orbital angular momentum from semiconductor high-order harmonics All semiconductor enhanced highharmonic generation from a single nanostructured cone." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASP091.
Full textSince its first observation, a decade ago, high harmonic generation (HHG) in crystals has proved to be an efficient, controllable and compact source of coherent XUV radiation. In this thesis, we investigate HHG in 2D materials, particularly graphene, and in different semiconductor crystals mainly zinc oxide, silicon, gallium arsenide and magnesium oxide. We find that the laser properties, such as its intensity, polarization and ellipticity, and the crystal properties are interrelated. Moreover, we shed the light on the role of the linear and nonlinear propagation effects mainly the Kerr effect, upon laser interaction with the crystal, which can significantly influence the high harmonic generation efficiency. Although this presents major limitations, we show that in some cases it turns out to be an advantage. Finally, we demonstrate the manipulation of the harmonic radiation at the source of the emission by patterning nanostructures to confine and enhance nanojoule laser pulses, and generate harmonic beams carrying orbital angular momentum. Lastly, we successfully image a micrometer-sized sample by the coherent diffractive imaging (CDI) technique based on solid-state harmonics
Abdi, Abyaneh Mohammad. "Génération des signaux agrégés en fréquences dans le contexte de LTE-A." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2016. https://pastel.hal.science/tel-03689710.
Full textIn this dissertation, a signal generation structure is proposed using which a multitone Local Oscillator (LO) signal is created by a single I/Q modulator. These LOs can be used in the CA receivers to down-convert the transmitted component carriers simultaneously. The multi-tone LO signal structure is further developed to be used at the transmitter as a CA generation solution. Using the proposed structure n-component carriers can be generated in parallel. This structures requires lower sampling rates with respect to the case where RF signals are synthesized directly by digital-to- analog converters. Moreover, less circuitry is required, because one single I/Q modulator is used to generate n component carriers, instead of n I/Q modulators. This work follows on investigating the origin of impairments and mild nonlinearities in our I/Q modulator. To overcome these problems, we focus on the functionality of the overall system rather than each component of the I/Q modulator. This method is called behavioral modeling. Once the nonlinear model is obtained, if its inverse function is applied to the input, a linearized output is expected. The generation of the inverse function is called Digital Pre-Distortion (DPD). We propose a tri-band behavioral model for nonlinearities and impairments in tri-band CA using our I/Q modulator. Furthermore, the DPD of the model is evaluated in simulations and experiments
Cheviré, François. "Nouvelle génération d'absorbeurs UV inorganiques. Etude des solutions solides oxydes et oxynitrures. Application à la protection du bois." Rennes 1, 2004. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01202991.
Full textRhéaume-Gonzalez, Félix-Antoine. "Effets de systèmes agroforestiers intercalaires de deuxième génération sur l'humidité du sol et les rendements des cultures annuelles." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34499.
Full textNicolas-Chanoine, Marie-Hélène. "Étude génétique de la résistance aux céphalosporines de troisième génération chez "Enterobacter cloacae" et "Klebsiella pneumoniae"." Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA114818.
Full textCasteau, Soazig. "Etude des mécanismes de génération des mouvements saccadiques chez l'homme : effets des propriétés de la configuration visuelle sur la latence et la métrique des saccades." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00705074.
Full textBlouin, Mélissa. "Gain pondéral et antipsychotiques de seconde génération : comportements alimentaires et risque cardiovasculaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25285/25285.pdf.
Full textRémy, Benjamin. "Développement d'une nouvelle génération de pansements antimicrobiens à base d'enzyme à activité lactonase." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0391.
Full textBacteria use a communication system, or quorum sensing (QS), to synchronize group behaviors according to population density. Some pathogens use QS to coordinate virulence and biofilm formation. Interfering with QS, or quorum quenching, represents a target to extent antibacterial drug resources. Along this PhD project, SsoPox, a hyperstable lactonase, hydrolyzing acyl homoserine lactones (AHL) involved in the QS of Gram-negative pathogen bacteria like Pseudomonas aeruginosa was studied. SsoPox was studied and characterized for its use in wound dressing against P. aeruginosa infection. The enzyme resistance to industrial constraints encountered during wound dressings manufacturing processes was estimated. SsoPox demonstrated a high tolerance to heat, organic solvents, ambient temperature storage and to sterilization processes. The enzyme efficiency was shown on 2 model strains and 51 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa. SsoPox was also more efficient than 2 well characterized QS inhibitors. The enzyme kept its efficiency even when immobilized. A last part was dedicated to phenotypical and molecular study of enzymatic QQ of P. aeruginosa. SsoPox and another lactonase GcL, having distinct AHL specificities, were compared. In vitro experiments highlighted different impacts between the enzymes on virulence factors and biofilm. An in vivo study showed that SsoPox, unlike GcL, was able to reduce P. aeruginosa virulence. QS gene expression and proteome study confirmed distinct impacts between each enzyme treatment s. Thus, SsoPox seems to be a prime candidate for development of innovative medical devices
Mao, Xianqing. "Effets des contraintes mécaniques cycliques sur la génération de thrombine à la surface des cellules musculaires lisses de rat." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0003/document.
Full textVascular smooth muscle cells (SMC), the main cellular components of the arterial wall, are constantly exposed to mechanical stretch. Cyclic mechanical stress regulates many functions of vascular SMC via integrins. Among the integrins, [alpha]v[gamma]3 is not only a mechanotransducer but also the receptor of prothrombin in the vascular SMC. Activation of integrin [alpha]v[gamma]3 by mechanical stretch may promote SMC adhesion to prothrombin and also accelerate thrombin generation on the surface of SMC. To test this hypothesis, we have studied the effect of mechanical stretch on the generation of thrombin by SMC and identified possible signaling pathway involved. We used a Flexcell model using rat aortic SMC subjected to cyclic stretch (10%, 1Hz). Exposure to cyclic stretch for 1h and 6h induced a phenotype of differentiation and non-apoptosis of SMC and an increased expression of integrin [alpha]v[gamma]3. There was also an increase in phosphorylation of Src, FAK, and AKT in a time dependent manner, increased phosphorylation of ILK at 15min and the cleavage of talin from 5 to 60min. Cyclic stretch increased the adhesion of prothrombin to the SMC, and thrombin generation with a maximum effect of 67% and 30% respectively. A peptide mimetic of integrin [alpha]v[gamma]3 (cRGDPV) and [alpha]v siRNA both blocked all the effects of cyclic stretch on SMC. A talin siRNA inhibited the expression of [alpha]v and the phosphorylation of Src, AKT and ILK. An ILK siRNA has no effect on the expression of [alpha]v but inhibited the phosphorylation of AKT and the cleavage of talin at 6h of stretch. Thus, cyclic stretch induced a higher thrombin generation by vascular SMC via activation of signaling pathways dependant on [alpha]v[gamma]3. This study suggests that intravascular thrombin generation can be regulated by antagonists of integrin [alpha]v[gamma]3 and can become a new therapeutic target for the patients with a high pulse pressure
Honoré-Foundotos, Laëtitia. "Génération d'accélérogrammes synthétiques large-bande : contribution à l’estimation de l’aléa sismique par validation d’approches en aveugle." Thesis, Nice, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NICE4054/document.
Full textOne of the major scientific problems in seismology is to estimate the ground motions expected at a given site from a future earthquake. The aim of this thesis is to test and validate two different methods of ground motions simulation based on the empirical Green’s function approach and to provide elements that can help to develop a blind simulation methodology. In a first part, a simulation method based on a stochastic point source approach is validated on the real data of recent earthquakes well instrumented : the Les Saintes earthquake Mw6.4 and the L’Aquila earthquake Mw6.3. We have developed a blind simulation approach by taking into account an uncertainty on the parameter of stress drop ratio C. This approach allows to generate a set of synthetic accelerograms of a target earthquake varied enough to be representative of a large number of possible source scenario and taking into account in a statistical sense potential directivity effects. This approach is also applied to the simulation of an historical Pyrenean earthquake Mw6.1. In a second part, we use a more complex extended source model, combining kinematic models of fractal composite sources with EGF approach. The potential of the method is tested on an application to L’Aquila earthquake. This has produced very satisfying results on all ground motion parameters analyzed. This simulation method appears to be very promising for the implementation of a blind simulation methodology, even if the main difficulty lies in the need to define the variability of many poorly known input parameters in the simulation of a future earthquake
Bost, Marion. "Altération par le gel des massifs rocheux : étude expérimentale et modélisation des mécanismes de génération des contraintes dans les fissures." Phd thesis, Paris Est, 2008. http://pastel.paristech.org/4575/01/th%C3%A8sepdf2.pdf.
Full textStone and rock falls bring about problems related to land management in mountainous areas. Yet, the temporal assessment of the risk of rupture in blocks requires a kinetic description of weathering phenomenon. In the case of limestone cliffs in mountainous areas, it can be estimated that the dominant weathering process lies in cracks propagation due to freezingthawing cycles. This freezing-thawing mechanism within a rock matrix was reproduced in laboratory experiments with notched specimens. Experimental results allowed us to establish a model for the stresses due to frost. This stress model, along a crack inner wall, exhibits a maximum, which spreads more and more deeply along with spending time, until a limit, which is intrinsic to the material. Actually, the generated stress results as a balance between the confining pressure induced by the ice front spreading deeply in the crack and the water leakage in the porosity network in the vicinity of the crack. It is thus strongly dependent on the crack geometry and on the porous network features of the rock. An analytical assessment of the stress intensity factor at the crack bottom, by using the model established for the stress, was carried out. It matches the possibility to initiate a rupture according to linear failure mechanics laws. Microscopic observations of the crack evolution throughout the freezingthawing cycles show a progressive and heterogeneous rupture of the limestone. The crack propagation was simulated numerically. This simulation gave encouraging results, as it brought up to light key-elements which could be used to establish a predictive model for the failure of a rock mass subject to freezing-thawing cycles
Bourgarel, Marie-Madeleine. "Les céphalosporines de troisième génération : généralités, rappel des mécanismes de résistance : étude de l'évolution de la résistance parrallèlement à la consommation de ces antibiotiques." Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05P009.
Full textMénoret, Carole. "Ordre et désordre polaire dans le titanate de strontium : effets du champ électrique et des substitutions chimique et isotopique." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ECAP0886.
Full textGuérin-Plantin, Chantal. "Le sort tomba sur le plus jeune : recherche qualitative sur quelques effets de la crise de l'emploi dans la jeune génération." Paris 5, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA05H061.
Full textLaroche, Thierry. "Génération de second harmonique pour la nano-optique et la microscopie optique en champ proche." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008888.
Full textThiessard, Frantz. "Détection des effets indésirables des médicaments par un système de génération automatisée du signal adapté à la base nationale française de pharmacovigilance." Bordeaux 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR21184.
Full textEvaluation and improvement of drugs risk/benefit ratio in population implies their adverse reactions surveillance after marketing. Pharmacovigilance main objective is to detect drugs adverse reactions relied mainly on spontaneous notifications. The French pharmacovigilance is faced to a very large data flow while no automatic method is available to edit a list of potentially suspected drug/adverse drug reaction associations. Eight methods were studied : Proportional Reporting Ratio (PRR), Reporting Odds Ratio (ROR), Uule's Q, Sequential Probability Ratio Test (SPRT2), Poisson's probabilities, X2, Information Component (IC), and Empirical Baye's Method (EBAM). Signals obtained with each method were compared through simulated data, then through real data from the French pharmacovigilance database
Fakih, Mariam. "Réactivité atmosphérique des principaux produits d'oxydation de première génération des monoterpènes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Reims, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024REIMS010.
Full textMonoterpenes are biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) widely emitted into the atmosphere by forests and plant crops, thus representing significant players in atmospheric chemistry. Their high reactivity towards atmospheric oxidants has been the subject of several studies in the literature. However, their first-generation oxidation products are less evaluated, and could partly explain the missing reactivity and the underestimation of AOS formation by models. In this context, this study aims to understand the atmospheric reactivity of five VOCBs (nopinone, myrtenal, ketolimonene, caronaldehyde, and limononaldehyde) that are first-generation oxidation products of α- and β-pinene and limonene. This work focuses on the study of degradation processes by determining the kinetics and mechanism of oxidation reactions of the targeted BVOCs by the OH radical, chlorine and ozone, as well as their potential photolysis through the study of their UV-Vis absorption spectra. To this end, the oxidation reactions of five first-generation monoterpene oxidation products were studied in an atmospheric simulation chamber coupled with various analytical techniques (FTIR, SPME-GC/MS, PTR-MS-ToF).The spectroscopic study focused on determining the UV-visible absorption spectra of the five compounds in the 200-400 nm range at a temperature of 353 ± 2 K, and at a pressure below the saturation vapor pressure of COVB. The spectra show a broad absorption band between 240 and 370 nm, corresponding to the n-π* band of the carbonyl group. The significant absorption of these compounds above 290 nm suggests that they are likely to be removed by photolysis in at least a few hours.The temperature kinetic studies carried out in this thesis concern the (VOC+ OH) reaction for nopinone, myrtenal, ketolimonene and limononaldehdye, the (VOC + Cl) reaction for nopinone, myrtenal and ketolimonene and the ozonolysis reaction for ketolimonene, myrtenal and limononaldehyde. Experiments were carried out using either the relative or the absolute kinetic method in the temperature range 298 - 353 K and at atmospheric pressure. The kinetic results obtained made it possible to calculate the atmospheric lifetimes of these compounds. Their atmospheric persistence does not exceed one day. Overall, these lifetimes show that the main route of elimination for the compounds studied is through their reaction with OH radicals, with significant competition in coastal regions from Cl radicals. The study also revealed a generally positive trend for OH radicals and ozone with increasing temperature, and a negative trend for chlorine.Finally, mechanistic ozonolysis studies of ketolimonene, myrtenal and limononaldehyde were carried out. These studies consist of monitoring the temporal evolution of the reagents as well as the reaction product. These data allowed us to extract the formation rate of the products formed during ozonolysis processes. Based on these results, reaction mechanisms of ozonolysis of ketolimonene, myrtenal and limononaldehyde are proposed
Abdelaziz, Fadila. "Contribution à l'étude de la convection dans les faisceaux tubulaires : effets de l'orientation des tubes et de la génération de bulles en paroi." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10459.
Full textHonoré-Foundotos, Laëtitia. "Génération d'accélérogrammes synthétiques large-bande : contribution à l'estimation de l'aléa sismique par validation d'approches en aveugle." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00920208.
Full textSopena, Moros Arturo. "Etude des effets relativistes en régime d’interaction non-linéaire entre les molécules et les impulsions laser brèves dans les domaines de fréquences XUV et X mous." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021BORD0131.
Full textThe development of intense XUV sources through free-electron lasers (FELs) and high-order harmonic generation (HHG) in the femtosecond (fs) and sub-fs domains provides a unique tool to investigate non-linear ultrafast laser-matter interaction. In the study of the dynamics of molecular photoionization at ultrashort timescales, the Time-Dependent Schrödinger Equation (TDSE) has been crucial for the interpretation of experimental observations. In this thesis, we present results for ab initio calculations of H2 photoionization with UV/X-ray ultrashort laser pulses. We focus on the study of non-linear processes involving two photons and their role in the coupled electron-nuclear dynamics they induce and their study beyond the dipole approximation (DA). Our theoretical approach is based on a spectral method, which requires determining the quantum states of the field-free molecule. These states are calculated in the Born-Oppenheimer approximation employing a configuration interaction scheme together with multichannel scattering theory to determine for the treatment of continuum states, and the Feshbach partitioning formalism to account for autoionization. We resort to a multipolar expansion of the vector potential in the Coulomb gauge, from which we keep the terms corresponding to DA and retardation effects up to O(1/c), to account for the interaction with radiation. Finally, we make use of perturbative and non-perturbative propagation schemes to obtain transition amplitudes from which we can extract cross-sections, photoelectron spectra (PES), and molecular frame angular distributions (MFPADs).In the first part of the results, we demonstrate the coherent control of ionization and dissociation achieved by filtering the higher harmonics in an attosecond pulse train (APT) in an XUV pump-UV probe scheme. By solving the TDSE in DA including electronic and nuclear motion, we are able to extract nuclear and electronic kinetic energy release (KER) spectra to analyze the main ionization pathways as afunction of the delay between pump and probe. We then discuss the effect of harmonic filtering in manipulating one-photon against two-photon ionization yields, dissociative ionization channels, and asymmetries in the MFPADs. In the second part of the results of the thesis, we report the first calculations of Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) and Stimulated Compton Scattering (SCS) in H2 with intense X-ray laser fields. These non-linear phenomena consist in the absorption of a photon and the subsequent stimulated emission of a less energetic one leaving the molecule in an excited state (SRS) or effectively ionizing it (SCS). Theoretically, the inclusion of effects beyond DA becomes mandatory. We begin by investigating the relative role of the dipole (A.P) and non-dipole (A2) interaction terms through a perturbative study of the Raman cross-section. The role of the high energy electronic continuum in the partial cancellation of the dipole contribution is also analyzed. We then present results from SRS and SCS calculations using ultra-short pulses in which we compare the relative contribution of the dipole and non-dipole routes as a function of the photon energy. We assert the validity of perturbation theory by directly comparing SRS calculations with results obtained by solving the TDSE. In SCS, the interference between dipole and non-dipole routesproduces asymmetries in the MFPADs, which we analyze. Special attention is givento the effect of molecular orientation.Finally, we study SCS with two colors, focusing on the effect of the angle between the pulse propagation directions. As seen in atoms, non-dipole effects are enhanced for counter-propagating pulses. We also investigate the effect of color separation in energy
Jacob, Florence. "Génération contrôlée et détermination de l'impact toxicologique des aérosols organiques secondaires." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILS078.
Full textChronic exposure to atmospheric particles with a diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) at concentrations exceeding the levels recommended by the World Health Organization is responsible for the onset and/or exacerbation of respiratory, cardiovascular, neurological, and even cancer-related diseases. Regulatory threshold values have been defined regarding the ambient mass concentration of PM2.5, but these values do not take into account the impact of variations in the chemical composition of particles on induced biological effects. Special attention has been given in the literature to certain recognized harmful compounds such as metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, some of which have been regulated. Nevertheless, other compounds are still poorly studied to date, even though they could also play an important role in particulate toxicity. This includes secondary organic aerosols (SOA), which constitute a major chemical fraction of PM2.5 and can represent up to 90% of their organic matter mass. They are formed through the reaction/oxidation/condensation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the atmosphere. A rise in ambient SOA concentration is expected in the future due to the simultaneous increase in VOC precursor emissions and the oxidizing capacity of the atmosphere related to climate change. In this context, the present project first consisted in generating model SOA resulting from the oxidation of two VOCs that are widely present in the atmosphere, one of biogenic origin, limonene, and the other of anthropogenic origin, m-xylene. Limonene ozonolysis and m-xylene photooxidation were respectively carried out in a flow reactor and a simulation chamber. Two types of oxidations were tested for biogenic SOA synthesis: one with low ozone concentration and the other with high ozone concentration. The particulate phases were then characterized in terms of size (few hundred nm), mass, and chemical composition (hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxylic acid functions, oligomers for limonene; nitrophenols, dimers for xylene). In a second step, the intrinsic oxidative potential (OP) of the generated biogenic and anthropogenic SOA was evaluated, as well as their toxicological impact in terms of oxidative stress and inflammatory effects on a model of immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B). The results obtained showed that among the biogenic SOA, those produced with low ozone concentration exhibit a more pronounced OP and antioxidant response. Furthermore, our results also indicate that, compared to these biogenic SOA, SOA resulting from m-xylene photooxidation have a higher OP and display greater cytotoxicity and activation of antioxidant defenses. In addition, oxidative damage to proteins and DNA was also detected in cells exposed to these SOA. Overall, the results from this project contribute to improving our knowledge on the chemical composition of SOA particulate phase and provide new insights into the mechanisms involved in their pulmonary toxicity
Barrière, Cédric. "Effets de la perte combinée de Cdk4, Cdk2 et Cdk6 sur la régulation du cycle cellulaire : génération et caractérisation de modèles murins knock-out inductibles." Bordeaux 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR21353.
Full textTo deeper understand the compensatory mechanisms existing between G1 Cdks, we have generated a double knock-out mouse for Cdk4 and Cdk2. 36 % of these mice successfully colmplete embryonic development. All double mutant mice, however, die soon after birth due to cardiac failure, likely due to a reduced cardiomyocyte number. In culture, Cdk4 and Cdk2 deficient embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) become immortal upon continuous passage, display robust pRb phosphorylation as well as normal S phase kinetics and proliferation rates. Then, we have generated a triple deficient mouse strain for Cdk4, Cdk6 and Cdk2. The combined absence of all the G1 Cdks results in embryonic lethality after E12. 5 due to severe anemia while most of the embryonic cell types, including MEFs can still proliferate. In this context, we propose that Cdk1 could compensate for the absence of all G1 Cdks and is sufficient to drive the basic mammalian cell cycle allowing proliferation of most cell types
Foundotos, Laetitia. "Génération d'accélérogrammes synthétiques large-bande. Contribution à l'estimation de l'aléa sismique par validation d'approches en aveugle." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00918349.
Full textDridi, Imen. "Étude des effets neurotoxiques induits par l'exposition gestationnelle et lactationnelle des souris « SWISS» de génération F1 aux anguilles (Anguilla anguilla L.) contaminées aux POP dont les polychlorobiphényles." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0269/document.
Full textThe objective of the present study is the evaluation of gestational and lactational exposure to contaminated eels, containing Σ6 NDL-PCBs, on learning, memory, motor activity, resignation behavior, oxidative status and acetylcholinesterase activity of the offspring mice. For this purpose female mice were orally exposed during gestational and breast feeding period (from JG6 to JPN 21), through standard diet containing contaminated eel with Σ6 NDL-PCBs or no. Three doses of Σ 6 NDL-PCBs were chosen: 85ng / kg / day, 216 ng / kg / day and 400ng / kg / day. A control group of female mice, receiving the standard diet without fish, was used. Results showed that gestational and lactational exposure to contaminated eels, containing Σ6 NDL-PCBs, did not affect the memory and learning capacities. However the early-life exposure to polluted eels containing Σ6 NDL-PCBs caused late, persistent and gender dependent neurobehavioral hyperactive effects in offspring mice that affects only offspring females. Furthermore our results suggest that the consumption of polluted fish by pregnant and lactating dams might cause neurobehavioral depression only in their male offspring, at progressive life stage. Moreover the study of oxidative status on the three brain areas (prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum), revealed that the treatment had affected the activity of antioxidant enzymes (Cat, SOD) only in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus of male mice. The consequences of oxidative stress in this study were revealed by an increase of protein carbonyl levels in the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex of offspring male mice, exposed to chemically contaminated fish containing Σ6 NDL-PCBs at the dose of 85 and 216 ng / kg / day, respectively. However the treatment had no effect on the lipids. Indeed there were no significant differences in the MDA rate, in the three studied regions of the brain, between treated and control mice. Moreover, gestational and lactational exposure to contaminated eels, containing Σ6NDL-PCB at the dose of 85 and 400 ng / kg / day, had inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity, in the prefrontal cortex, only of female mice. However, in the hippocampus, the enzyme activity was inhibited of male mice, exposed to contaminated eels, containing Σ6NDL-PCB at the dose of 85 ng/ kg / day and in all the treated female offspring mice
Sánchez, Romero Andrea Milena. "Les antécédents et les effets de l’ambivalence sur les intentions d’acheter des produits de luxe : le cas des millennials français." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1A005/document.
Full textLuxury has an ambivalent nature: it is associated with excess and waste and also with beauty and pleasure. It elicits both favorable and unfavorable reactions among Millennials. They are attracted to luxury brands and products because they consider them as a means to reinforce their multiple identities (personal, social and digital) and to influence others. They access to luxury through unusual means such as promotional offers on the perfume, cosmetics and luxury ready-to-wear markets and websites where luxury products are discounted, rented or shared. Despite their attraction to luxury, Millennials try to limit the influence of money in their life, prefer alternative modes of consumption (renting, leasing or sharing, etc.) and are sensitive to prices and promotions. Millennials is a generational cohort that managers do not know well, hence the importance of studying the antecedents and consequences of its ambivalence towards luxury goods. In order to address this research topic, a survey was conducted among young adults aged from 18 to 25 years. The results show that the ambivalence towards luxury goods among young consumers is explained by the negative attitude towards money, by consumer's self-control and by the interaction of perceived expensiveness and deal proneness. Ambivalence affects attitudes towards products and is resolved through information seeking on brands and products
Lefevre, Jérémie. "Etude des effets d'irradiation dans le polytype cubique du carbure de silicium par les techniques spectroscopiques de photoluminescence et de résonance paramagnétique électronique." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003496.
Full textFragner, Romain. "Caractérisation expérimentale des plissements à petite échelle dans une flamme turbulente prémélangée : effets de la pression." Thesis, Orléans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ORLE2072/document.
Full textThe present work is an experimental study on the interactions between flame and turbulence. The pressure effect on the flame front wrinkling is characterised using laser diagnostics and hot wire anemometry. To begin with, the turbulence generated by a multi-grid system is characterised. It is shown that the present system produces a higher turbulence rate by 40% than for an equivalent mesh single-grid system. Moreover, the small turbulence scales sizes are experimentally found smaller with the multi-grid system. From those results, the interactions between premixed flames and turbulence were studied. By using the laser tomography diagnostic, the flame front of several gases premixes was observed. By changing the mixing conditions, the effect of parameters such as the Lewis number, the turbulence conditions and the small scale was observed. The low impact of the thermodiffusives instabilities in our conditions was demonstrated. However, the important effect of the turbulence conditions on the flame front characteristics was observed. Moreover, the present results showed the major impact of the Taylor micro scale on the flame front wrinkling for these study experimental conditions
Brun-Picard, Jérémy. "Une nouvelle génération d'étalons quantiques fondée sur l'effet Hall quantique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS549/document.
Full textThe future International System of Units, based on fundamental constants, will allow to take full advantage of the quantum standards of resistance, current and voltage that are linked to the planck constant and the elementary charge only.In this thesis, we have developed and studied a resistance standard based on the quantum Hall effect in graphene obtained by chemical vapor deposition (propane/hydrogen) on silicon carbide substrate. For the first time we were able to show that a graphene resistance standard could operate at more practical experimental conditions than its counterpart in GaAs/AlGaAs, ie at higher temperatures (T⋍10 K), weaker magnetics fields (B ⋍ 3,5 T) and larger measurement currents (I⋍500 μA). From an understanding and improvement perspective, we have analyzed the fabrication process of the Hall bar and its reproducibility, tested a method to modify the electronic density, and investigated the quantum Hall effect dissipation mechanisms.In a second part, we have demonstrated that it was possible torealize a programmable and versatile quantum current source from the elementary charge, by combining the two quantum standards of voltage and resistance in a quantum circuit integrating a cryogenic current comparator. Currents were generated in the range from 1 μA to 5 mA, with a relative uncertainty never achieved before of 10⁻⁸. We have also showed that this current standard, realizing the new definition of the ampere, could be used to calibrate an ammeter
Bergmann, Emeric. "Optique non linéaire quadratique et cubique des nanoparticules d'or uniques." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10291/document.
Full textThe manuscript reports a study about the quadratic and cubic nonlinear optical response from gold metallic nanostructures which are deposited onto substrates. The field of this work is more commonly known as nonlinear plasmonics and it consists in trying to understand the interaction between nanostructures and light, in a regime of high incident intensities when the response is no longer linear. The local electromagnetic field enhancement in these structures due to the surface plasmon resonance, the latters being collectives excitations of the conduction band electrons, increase drastically the cross-section for these processes. In the context of a quadratic response, the study has been focused on the Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) process whereby two incident photons at the fundamental wavelength are converted into one photon at twice the harmonic frequency. This process is highly dependent to the metallic nanostructures morphology. For the cubic response, the study has been focused on the optical Kerr effect which describes the optical index variation of nanostructure with the intensity of the incident wave.Specifics considerations have been taken into account about the geometrical illumination conditions which are performed with a large numerical aperture. The electromagnetic incident field cannot be anymore considered within the paraxial approximation
D', Abzac François Xavier. "Effets d'une impulsion laser infra-rouge femtoseconde sur les micro-nanostructures des mineraux implications pour les analyses in-situ pa LA-ICP-MS." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00583820.
Full textPelletier, Stéphane. "Caractérisation des effets de l'adénosine et de la prostaglandine E¦2 sur la génération de 3', 5'-adénosine monophosphate cyclique et sur la production/sécrétion de l'endothéline-1 par les cellules épithéliales de la trachée de cobaye en culture." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0021/MQ56955.pdf.
Full textAbzac, François-Xavier d'. "Effets d'une impulsion laser Infra-rouge femtoseconde sur les micro-nanostructures des minéraux : implications pour les analyses in-situ par LA-ICP-MS." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1119/.
Full textInfra Red femtosecond laser ablation coupled to Mass Spectrometry is a powerful tool for in-situ analysis of geological samples. Nevertheless, implications linked to this type of ablation are still not well defined. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) coupled to Focused Ion Beam milling (FIB) allows direct characterization of ablation damage and particles. Thus, IR-femtosecond laser ablation can be considered as stoechiometric and mainly photo-mechanical. Particles are generated by coalescence and agglomeration of condensates in the laser induced plasma. Chemical segregation of elements noticed on measurements is then confined to these processes, themselves dependant on the target composition. The potential of analytical improvement is substantial, in terms of ablation settings and conception of laser systems dedicated to LA-ICP-MS
Montani, Francesco. "Peuvent-ils les objectifs d'innovation amener le comportement innovatif au travail ? : évaluation d'un modèle motivationnel pour l'innovation." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON30100.
Full textThe present dissertation aims at applying goal regulation theory to the study of innovative work behaviour. After reviewing the state-of-the-art of innovation literature (first chapter), we conducted three empirical studies on distinct samples. In the first study (second chapter), we hypothesized and found that proactive goal generation – which includes envisioning and planning processes – was positively related to innovative behaviour, and that affective commitment, interacting with production ownership or, alternatively, with leader support for innovation, strengthened this relationship. In the second study (third chapter), we proposed and showed that planning mediated the link between envisioning and innovation, and that psychological empowerment and team support for innovation positively moderated the relationship between envisioning and planning. Finally, in the third study (fourth chapter), we theorized and demonstrated that learning goal orientation, psychological climate for innovation, and task variety enhanced innovative performance indirectly through the mediation of envisioning and planning, and that learning goal orientation amplified the relationship between planning and innovation. Theoretical and practical implications of our works are addressed in the general discussion
Poirier, Michel. "Ionisation multiphotonique résonnante et génération d'harmonique trois." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066538.
Full textAbbouab, Clara. "Étude et conception de sources laser fibrées monomodes en régime continu multi-kW." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Limoges, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LIMO0088.
Full textThis CIFRE thesis is a collaboration between the XLIM research laboratory and the industrial laser company "CILAS". The main objective of this work is to study and design high power fiber laser sources delivering a continuous wave single mode laser beam with an output power of several kW. To this end, the “MOPA” design (consisting a master oscillator stage and a power amplifier stage) was chosen from the literature and then has been built at XLIM. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time in France that 2 kW of continuous wave output power has been achieved at the signal wavelength of 1080 nm. Thanks to the experimental results, a simulation tool was calibrated and used to carry out a theoretical study of the limits of this laser source. This tool has also been used to propose some improvements of this architecture by changing the pump wavelength, the signal wavelength, the doped fiber and the combination of the pump power between the two directions of propagation. The results of the simulations were compared with the experimental results obtained from a new source reaching more than 3 kW of continuous wave power. Finally, another less complex design, called OAIFL, was calibrated using the simulation and then built. A supercontinuum was generated by exploiting the temporally unstable laser cavity, delivering a power of 40.7 W over a spectrum going from 750 nm to 2200 nm at - 30 dB. As a perspective, the simulation showed that the OAIFL source could be further amplified to reach up to 3 kW. Therefore, this laser source could be further developed in the future
Wu, Yi. "Experimental investigation of laminar flame speeds of kerosene fuel and second generation biofuels in elevated conditions of pressure and preheat temperature." Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ISAM0011/document.
Full textLaminar flame speed is one of the key parameters for understanding reactivity, diffusivity and exothermicity of fuels. It is also useful to validate both the kinetic chemical mechanisms as well as turbulent models. Although laminar flame speeds of many types of fuels have been investigated over many decades using various combustion methodologies, accurate measurements of laminar flame speeds of multicomponent liquid fuels in high-pressure and high-temperature conditions similar to the operating conditions encountered in aircraft/automobile combustion engines are still required. In this current study, a high-pressure combustion chamber was specifically developed to measure the laminar flame speed of multicomponent liquid fuels such as kerosene and second generation of biofuels. The architecture of the burner is based on a preheated premixed Bunsen flame burner operated in elevated pressure and temperature conditions. The optical diagnostics used to measure the laminar flame speed are based on the detection of the flame contour by using OH* chemiluminescence, OH- and acetone/aromatic- Planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF). The laminar flame speed of gaseous CH4/air and acetone/air premixed laminar flames were first measured for validating the experimental setup and the measurement methodologies. Then, the laminar flame speeds of kerosene or surrogate fuels (neat kerosene compounds, LUCHE surrogate kerosene and Jet A-1) were investigated and compared with simulation results using detailed kinetic mechanisms over a large range of conditions including pressure, temperature and equivalence ratio. The last part of the thesis was devoted to study the effect of oxygenated compounds contained in the second generation of biofuels on the laminar flame speeds. After measuring the laminar flame speeds of various oxygenated components present in partially hydro-processed lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis oils, the effect of these oxygenates on the flame speeds of these fuels were quantitatively investigated
Hmissi, Mohamed Zied. "Etude et conception d'une nouvelle génération de détecteur Gamma pour les caméras Compton." Thesis, Troyes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TROY0031.
Full textThe Compton camera is a device for imaging gamma radiation sources. It consists of two detectors placed behind each other. Each detector must measure the energy deposited by a gamma photon and its interaction position. Using these collected data, we will try to estimate the direction of the emitting source of these gamma rays. For this purpose, the problem of locating the radioactive source in space will be dealt with by positioning oneself within the Bayesian framework. Several solutions to this problem have been addressed in the scientific literature, using various methodologies such as likelihood maximization algorithms or genetic algorithms to locate the source position from measurements provided by the sensor. The Bayesian method approaches this problem from a probabilistic point of view, seeking to construct the posterior density of the parameter to be found. Such a choice is justified by the uncertainty surrounding the observations provided by the detectors, but is made difficult because of the non-linear aspect of the physical phenomena that come into play. It then becomes necessary to resort to Monte-Carlo methods, based on stochastic analysis, and allowing to approximate numerically the posterior density sought
Banner, Philippe. "Les effets des nouvelles générations d'armes à feu sur l'appareil auditif." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985STR1M300.
Full textWang, Jijin. "Sum frequency generation study of CO adsorbed on palladium single crystal and nanoparticles : adsorption and catalytic oxidation as a function of size." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00933675.
Full textTata, Zafiarifety Christian. "Simulation et traitement des données d’un imageur à rayons Gamma pour une nouvelle génération de caméras Compton." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Troyes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TROY0028.
Full textThe localization of radioactivity is a crucial step in the dismantling of nuclear power plants. For this purpose, several detection systems have been developed, such as the pinhole camera, using lead or tungsten collimators, but having as main disadvantage a low detection efficiency. The Compton camera uses the kinematics of the Compton broadcast. It represents a very promising alternative compared to conventional systems because it has several advantages such as: high detection efficiency, reconstruction of radioactive source images with high spatial resolution and wide field of view, and the ability to perform spectroscopy with good energy resolution. So, in this work we developed a new Compton camera based on the use of two monolithic crystals from Cebr3 equipped with Philips DPC3200 photodetector and assembled with materials and processes developed by Damavan for obtain the detection heads of optimal quality and adapted to the constraints of the Compton camera. We have thus set up a procedure for the calibration of the time and energy of the detection heads. We also implemented a new position calculation algorithm based on the use of a new model simulated by Monte Carlo. Finally, we carried out a global evaluation of the camera’s performance, once the basic concepts in its development were tested: time, energy and position