Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Effets de la pêche'
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Travers, Trolet Morgane. "Couplage de modèles trophiques et effets combinés de la pêche et du climat." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066117.
Full textGuillerault, Nicolas. "Effets des mesures de gestion halieutique sur la conservation d'une espèce vulnérable : le brochet (Esox lucius)." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30358/document.
Full textThe objective of this PhD was to determine the relevance of stocking for pike (Esox lucius) recreational fisheries management. First, we identified benefits (for recreation) and risks (for conservation) of stocking of pike through a bibliographic review. Second, we used a large dataset (96 sites, 6 years) to evaluate the actual and potential effects of stocking on pike populations. We found that pike stocking programs actually positively affect pike occurrences but not pike abundance despite we found that the effect of stocking on pike abundance increases with the size of the stocked pike. Third, we measured the genetic impact of stocking. We found a high rate of hybridization among juveniles but a moderate rate of hybridization among adult pike. Overall, stocking has good potential to enhance fisheries yet it carries conservation risks. We conclude with recommendations for the use of stocking and discussion about alternative management strategies
Jamet, Luc. "Les effets d'une innovation : la pratique de la pêche au collège lasallien de Fougères." Brest, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BRES2050.
Full textThe interactive approach of a school innovation has allowed the identification of its process, the examination of the dynamism of the educational connection, the assessrnent of its initial and aypical effects. Through a participating observation, an analysis bas been made: an institutional analysis of the people involved in this innovation, based on the historical dynamies ofthe school and the anthropological approach of its project which enables us to question about the professional practises and conveys an important heuristic potential at an epistemological level
Dubois, Mélodie. "Effets combinés de la pêche et des perturbations naturelles sur la dynamique des écosystèmes coralliens." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEP021.
Full textCoral reef provides coastal communities with vital and valuable ecosystem services, such as food and coastal protection, sources of income, and contribute to their societal and cultural identity. However, coral reef ecosystems are subjected to a combination of increasing natural disturbance regimes and increasing multiple human stressors. This may cause irreversible shifts in community structure and, thus, in the delivery of ecosystem services. Understanding the dynamics of these state shifts is fundamental to sustainably manage coral reef social-ecological systems. The overarching goal of this PhD thesis is to better develop system modeling methods to better inform sustainability management. We used two main modeling approaches: Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) and Agent Based Modeling. We used the coral reef social-ecological system of Moorea, French Polynesia, as a case study. Firstly, we collected and integrated various ecological and social data to build three food web models of Moorea, before, during and after a natural disturbance-driven coral mortality. Then, we used an ecosystem network approach to assess recovery pathways of that coral reef ecosystem. We showed that, while benthic communities recovered in a decade after the disturbance, the ecosystem as a whole presented a recovery debt. To investigate how fisheries dynamics interact with this ecosystem dynamic, we developed a dynamic food web model that revisits a natural disturbance regime under different fishing scenarios. We showed that indirect effect of fisheries can maintain intermediate level of fished populations, thus buffering the impact of the disturbance regime on local society. Finally, to better predict local fisheries management initiatives, we developed an agent-based model that accounts for more realist fisheries dynamics. We showed that a network of Marine Protected Areas (MPA) could in the long-term benefit both marine resources and fisheries production, but under a scenario without disturbance regime. Some of our results give new insights on how both natural disturbances and fisheries activities interact to shape coral reef ecosystems
Reecht, Yves. "Effets directs et indirects de la pêche sur des groupes trophiques de poissons démersaux, définis par une approche écomorphologique." Brest, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BRES2035.
Full textFunctional groups dynamics in marine communities may help to understand how perturbations impact the functioning of an ecosystem. It is notably expected that functional groups respond differently to fishing pressure owing to their direct exposure to fishing and interactions between groups (indirect effects). A method was developed, based on an ecomorphological approach focusing on predation functions, to define size- and taxonomy-driven functional groups in demersal fish communities from Celtic and North seas. Eleven functional traits were used to define 12 functional groups in Celtic sea (based on measurements on 930 individuals from 33 species) and seven groups in North sea (710 individual from 22 species). In Celtic sea, the functional groups better explained diet than size groups whereas diet in North sea appeared rather size-driven. Functional groups biomass time-series were assessed using ground-fish surveys data. Fishing seems to unequally affect different ecological functions in both communities. It was furthermore shown that (i) fishing effects propagate from high to low trophic levels (top-down effects) in North sea and (ii) ecological compensation may occur within functional groups in Celtic sea. The functioning of both communities appeared impacted by fishing pressure. Nevertheless, the Celtic sea fish community appeared more resilient to perturbation than the one from North sea
Véran, Sophie. "Quantifier l'impact des activités humaines à partir de données incomplètes : effets de la pêche palangrière sur l'albatros à pieds noirs." Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20185.
Full textSfair, Sunyé Patricia. "Effet de la variabilité climatique régionale sur la pêche de la sardinelle le long de la côte sud-est du Brésil (1964-1993)." Brest, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BRES2007.
Full textTorres, Edgar. "Effects of the fishing strategies developed by purse seine fleets on tropical tunas and on associated fauna in the eastern Atlantic and eastern Pacific oceans." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20029/document.
Full textTuna and tuna-like fisheries represent 7.9% of the global production of marine capture fisheries. Most tuna stocks are fully exploited and some overexploited, facing growing fishing pressures. Due to the extent of fishing grounds, stock assessments depend largely in commercial data, which vary over time because fishermen may invest in fishing technology, expand offshore, or start fishing in different areas. However, little attention has received the responses of fishermen facing management regulations or the effects resulting from technological investment. For these reasons the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of fishing strategies developed by purse seine fleets on tropical tunas and on associated fauna in the eastern Atlantic and eastern Pacific oceans. The continuous introduction of new fishing technology in the French fleet in the 1980s and the 1990s evidenced a direct increase in fishing power when large yellowfin in free-swimming school is targeted and likely an indirect effect by modifying the fishing grounds characterizing FAD-fishing on small size categories. The consequences of the two time-area closures on the spatio-temporal dynamics of the European Union fleet were investigated. The regulation on FADs resulted in a decrease in the days with catch and successful squares inside the restricted area, reallocating FAD-fishing outside the area while no change in free-swimming school fishing was observed. The no-take time-area increased all fishing activities outside the restricted area with apparently no gain in terms of protection of juveniles. In the eastern Pacific as a response to a closed season the Mexican fleet reduced days in port and consequently the number of sets on dolphin-associated schools increased, maintaining the catch levels observed before the regulation. The study of the effects of the EU fleet fishing strategies on bycatch over two time periods showed that the species composition of sharks caught on FADs and may be for rays caught on free-swimming schools changed over time. We also estimated the total number of species that can be potentially be caught by fishing mode
Robin, Jean-Paul. "Effets de la pêche et des prises d'eau de la centrale de Cordemais sur les juvéniles de flet (Platichthys flesus L. ) et d'éperlan (Osmerus eperlanus L. ) dans l'estuaire de la Loire." Brest, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BRES2005.
Full textMediene, Safia. "Intéractions entre les processus de gestion du carbone et de l'azote lors du développement végetatif du pêcher (Prunus persica (L. ) Batsch)." Aix-Marseille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX30077.
Full textEfficient fertiliser use is a particular issue for sustainable agriculture. A mechanistic assesment of N requirements during tree development is skill lacking in order to improve N fertilisation of orchards. This relies on an enhanced understanding of the main interactions occuring between carbon and nitrogen acquisition, distribution and utilisation during tree development. In this context, our objective was to study the influence of carbon and nitrogen availability on tree functioning. Therefore, we worked at the whole tree level and we used a particular experimental set-up in which nitrate uptake and photosynthesis of young peach trees were measured concurrently. First , we characterised the influence of nitrogen availability on the growth components. Subsequently, we evaluated the effects of pruning on carbon and nitrogen acquisition, distribution and utilisation for tree development
Kifani, Souad. "Approche spatio-temporelle des relations hydroclimat-dynamique des espèces pélagiques en région d'upwelling : cas de la sardine du stock central marocain." Brest, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BRES2005.
Full textBlanchard, Fabian. "Effets de l'exploitation par pêche sur la dynamique de diversité des peuplements de poissons démersaux : analyse comparée du rôle des interactions entre espèces dans le golfe de Gascogne et dans le golfe du Lion." Brest, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BRES2027.
Full textGhosn, Micheline. "Chemical contamination in different marine organisms along the Lebanese coast : Environmental implications and health risks." Thesis, Littoral, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019DUNK0552.
Full textGlobal food fish consumption has been in continuous increase and fishery products have become some of the most traded items in the world. However, the quality of these products is becoming an issue of concern to human health with the increase of anthropogenic activities threatening marine coastal ecosystems. Therefore, despite the well-known health benefits of fishery products, their consumption may be a route of human exposure to different kinds of chemical contaminants including trace elements. In this context, evaluating the contamination levels in these products and the risks they may engender to human health proves to be a necessity in the absence of local guidelines and monitoring programs. Thus, the thesis has 2 main objectives: i) the evaluation of environmental quality through marine organisms and, ii) the assessment of health risks related to the consumption of a selection of fishery products.The first objective was to study the levels of metallic contaminants (20 trace elements) in six marine species from different trophic levels of a food web (algae, mussel, shrimp and fish), representative of Lebanese coastal waters. The results showed that species accumulated metals differently underlining the importance of a multi-specific approach to reflect the contamination level of a certain site. Inter-site variations have been found mainly during the rainy period of the year while they were less prominent during the dry season, highlighting the effect of land-based sources and riverine effluents on the marine coastal area. Levels of trace elements in the muscles and edible tissues in species from our study, were similar to the ones reported in the Eastern Mediterranean (Levantine Basin) whereas livers showed higher levels compared to other studies suggesting that the Lebanese coast is exposed to strong environmental pressure. The second objective was to evaluate the health risks related to the consumption of different fishery products sampled along the Lebanese coast. In this prospect, five commonly consumed local species belonging to different compartments of the food chain, (1 bivalve, 1 crustacean and 3 fish species) sampled from three sites with different levels of anthropogenic pressures were selected. The samples were all analyzed for their content of trace elements. Metals such as mercury (Hg) are found in several chemical forms, the most toxic form being methylmercury (MeHg). The main route of human exposure to MeHg is the consumption of fishery products. That’s why, a method for the speciation of mercury in fishery products by HPLC-ICP-MS was optimized and validated based on an accuracy profile. The results showed that the levels of trace elements and MeHg in the selected species were all below the allowed maximum levels set by the European commission and so their consumption is not likely to cause any adverse effects to human health
De, Oliveira Lino Leandro. "Etude de la variabilité génétique de la sensibilité à la pourriture brune au cours du développement du fruit chez la pêche en lien avec l’évolution des caractéristiques physiques et biochimiques du fruit." Thesis, Avignon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AVIG0677/document.
Full textBrown rot (BR) in peach fruit caused by the fungus Monilinia spp. is a common disease that can provoke as much as 30 to 40% losses of crop. Currently, all cultivated peaches are more or less sensitive to BR. No other alternative than chemical treatment is available, hence fungicide applications are required until pre-harvest. Such applications are damaging the environment and may let residues in fruits. A review of literature was accomplished to compile the knowledge scattered in the literature from many years. The aim of this study is to investigate the factors of resistance of the fruit to M. laxa at different stages of fruit growth and their genetic control by studying contrasted genotypes and an interspecific peach progeny. The first focus was made on few cultivars to study the evolution of sensibility of fruits to M. laxa during their development in relation with structural and biochemical characteristics of the fruit, e.g. cuticular conductance, micro-cracks and fruit surface compounds. Some compounds were detected for the first time on peach fruit. The results confirmed that during the stage I immature fruits are susceptible to BR. Fruit cuticular conductance was high probably due to high density of stomata and thin cuticule in formation. In contrary, at pit hardening stage fruits were resistant, cuticular conductance was low and the levels of surface compounds exhibit a peak. When maturity approaches, fruit become susceptible again. With rapid development of the fruit during this stage, the surface compounds were diluted and micro-cracks often appear which resulted in high cuticular conductance. At stage I we explored the different physical characteristics of the immature fruit in relation with susceptibility to M. laxa. A hundred of individuals of an interspecific peach progeny called BC2 were characterized through laboratory infection, monitoring of fruit transpiratory losses and estimating stomata density (only for nectarines). Unexpected symptoms (not progressing ‘clear spot’) were observed. The cuticular conductance was significantly linked to the likelihood of infection, but the stomata number had no effect on the likelihood of infection. QTL controlling fruit resistance to BR, cuticular conductance and stomata number have been identified and some co-locations observed. At maturity stage we investigated the genetic control of BR resistance together with biochemical compounds of fruit epidermis. For three years, mature fruits from the BC2 progeny were infected with two modalities of infection: spray until runoff in the orchard to measure infection probability and drop in the laboratory conditions in order to observe the characters of beginning, progression and speed of infection. The BC2 progeny displayed high variability for BR resistance. Despite low stability between years, genotypes with high level of resistance were identified. In addition in 2015, we explored the variation in epidermis compounds of fruit within the BC2 progeny. Phenolic compounds, terpenoids and derivatives were quantified by HPLC. The relationship between BR resistance and presence and/or levels of certain epidermis compounds and the genetic control of these compounds were investigated. BR of peach fruit is a complex problem which is still far from resolved. Progress has been made in the knowledge of structural and biochemical characteristics involved in BR resistance and regions of the genome that could confer certain disease tolerance have been detected. Further work is needed to develop molecular markers for marker assisted selection. The results obtained suggest that solutions for the future lie in associations of tolerant cultivars _ less susceptible to micro-cracks and with high content of epidermis compounds potential inhibitor of the fungus development _ with cultural practices reducing both risks of fruit cracking and occurrence of micro-climatic conditions favorable to BR spread and sporulation
Escobar-Gutiérrez, Abraham. "Photosynthèse, partition du carbone et métabolisme du sorbitol dans les feuilles adultes de pêcher (Prunus persica (L. ) Batsch)." Poitiers, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995POIT2273.
Full textPlichard, Laura. "Modélisation multi-échelles de la sélection de l’habitat hydraulique des poissons de rivière." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1284/document.
Full textThe habitat concept, which defines the place where organisms live, is composed by abiotic and biotic conditions and differs for examples between species or activities. The habitat selection is the process where organisms choose the habitat to live in function of all habitats available around them. This habitat selection depends on an individual choice related to the organism, for example its behavior and a common choice related to organisms sharing common traits as individuals from the same species. Specific habitat selection models are developed to understand and represent this common choice and used to build ecological flow tools. For freshwater fish, most of specific habitat selection models have low transferability between reaches and rivers. Indeed, they are built from abundance data and sampled in the same study reach during few numbers of surveys. In order to improve predictive quality of models, I developed an attractive modelling approach, both multi-reach and multi-survey, involving the non-linear response of habitat selection and abundance data overdispersion. Then, despite the high individual variability of habitat selection, I showed, from telemetry data, the relevance of developing specific habitat selection models. Finally, as the habitat selection is also depending on processes which influence community structures at the landscape scale (e.g. dispersal), I demonstrate the benefits of sampling methods such as snorkeling to characterize community structures and their longitudinal distributions at a large spatial scale. These techniques will allow studying the influence of landscape processes on habitat selection models
Fugère, Martine. "Étude du patron d'invasion des vers de terre exotiques dans le parc national du Mont-Tremblant et de leurs impacts sur le milieu forestier." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8059.
Full textBellanger, Manuel. "Modélisation de mécanismes institutionnels et impacts bio-économiques de systèmes de gestion de quotas : application à la pêcherie de sole du golfe de Gascogne." Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0037/document.
Full textIn France, where fishing rights are non-transferable, the management of fishing quotas is essentially delegated to producer organizations (POs). POs are granted collective allocations based on the aggregate fishing rights of their members and are then responsible for managing their fishing opportunities. The goal of this research, which contains theoretical developments as well as empirical analyses applied to the Bay of Biscay sole fishery, is to determine how outcomes of fisheries management are altered by the presence of POs within institutions as compared to alternative governance systems such as individual transferable quotas (ITQs). This dissertation notably brings together bio-economic approaches and institutional analyses to better anticipate the ecological, economic and social impacts of potential governance options. The research questions are the following: (1) What mechanisms could ensure a high level of compliance and what are the potential gains of placing the POs between the regulator and the fishermen? (2) What are the distributional effects of catch share management by POs? (3) What is the added value of integrating institutional arrangements involving POs into bio-economic modelling for the impact assessment of catch share management options? The analyses that were developed establish the ability of institutional design to influence outcomes in catch share systems in terms of compliance, distribution, and ecological-socioeconomic trade-offs achieved by alternative management options
Drouot, Bruno. "Effets d’une mesure de gestion sur les résultats économiques des exploitants d’une ressource naturelle : Le cas de la pêcherie de bar commun (Dicentrarchus labrax) en France." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2011NSARC102.
Full textThe fishery for common sea bass (Dicentrachus labraxà is the fourth most important franch metropolitan fishery in value terms. Given its high market value sea bass is targeted by a range of metiers, resulting in interactions between a large number of fleets. The annual contribution to catches and landings of each of these fleets are highly variable, as are their level of economic dependence towards the species. Sea bass is also and emblematic species for recreational fishermen. The aim of this thesis is to simulate the response of the French fishing fleets to introduction of alternative management scenarios for the sea bass fishery. Simulation results emphasize the diversity of anticipated impacts of alternative management scenarios from both a short-term and a long-term perspective, and the associated heterogeneity of economic incentives for different fleets to support these management scenarios
Vallée, Vincent. "Changements à long terme de la structure et de la diversité des peuplements de poissons de fond du plateau continental de Guyane Functional richness and turnover patterns reveal assembly rules structuring marine fish communities on the continental shelf of French Guiana Diversity recovery and temperature induced species shift in tropical marine fish communities after a trawling fishery collapse Local and regional assembly rules on a long time period in marine fish communities on the continental shelf of French Guiana." Thesis, Guyane, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020YANE0004.
Full textIn the actual context of overfishing and climate change we need to develop an ecosystem-based management of fisheries. This thesis work will try to bring answers to this issue by analyzing community assembly and the impact of French Guiana’s fishery on fish communities. As most of tropical regions, coastal waters in French Guiana have been subjected to an increase in temperature around 1°C between 1990 and 2017. However, as for only a few regions in the world, fishing pressure has collapsed in French Guiana during the same period. This case study is therefore a good opportunity to understand how tropical fish communities have responded to a progressive decreasing fishing pressure on a large scale and under climate change constraints. The aim of this work is to provide useful information for tropical fisheries with similar characteristics which tend to a more efficient ecosystem-based management with lower fishing pressure. The study showed that the environment plays a dominant role in community structure and that it has become more important over time. Results showed also significant increases in several diversity indices and an increase in theoretical maximum size spectra of surveyed fish which indicates a restructuring of communities. This recovery is associated with an increase of functional redundancy which is a key factor for the stability of ecosystems. Global results showed a great recovery capacity towards a richer and more stable state of communities in a relatively short period of time around 10 years
Adra, Fatima. "Etude des effets d’une élévation de température sur la croissance et le développement du pêcher : conséquences sur la qualité des fruits." Thesis, Avignon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AVIG0689.
Full textThe latest IPCC report clearly confirms the climate projections for increasing temperaturesand their variability at the end of the 21st century. The effects of climate changes in fruit yield andquality have been studied in a project funded by INRA (project CAQ40, Metaprogramme ACCAF).Experiments carried out on potted peaches placed in different climates (control, +2 ° C and + 5 ° C),allowed the identification of the processes (phenology, development, growth, photosynthesis,metabolism) most sensitive to rising temperatures and their consequences on the development andcomposition of fruits and the sustainability of production.Higher temperature has increased the demand for water, leading to a decrease in the waterpotential of the trees, which may have led to a concentration of the compounds of interest in thefruit. The reduction of leaf photosynthesis under high temperature conditions was related to theinhibition of photosynthesis by high temperatures and stomatal control related to water status.After flowering, the rise in temperature accelerates the vegetative growth, triggering a more rapidestablishment of leaf area. This early vegetative growth resulted in: (i) very rapid dynamics ofelongation of the axes in long shoot (ii) a more pronounced apical dominance, (iii) a decrease in theaxillary axial branching. In contrast the later heat treatment had an adverse effect on the initiationand differentiation of floral buds reducing the production potential in the following year.In addition, the increase in temperature after flowering resulted in a marked shortening ofthe fruit growth period, with an expected harvest date almost 3 weeks earlier. This shortening offruit growth duration has led to a decrease in the flow of carbon entering the fruit, penalizing itsgrowth and quality. The very different climates between the two experimental years resulted in ahigh variability in fruit composition between the two years of experimentation. In 2014, increasedtemperature during the early stage of fruit development or continuously led to the harvest ofsmaller fruit with higher concentrations and higher sucrose content. In 2015, the time durationbetween flowering and maturity was even shorter than in 2014, which could be linked to thewarmer climate of 2015. In 2015 fruits were less sweet and acidic than those of 2014. However, therise of temperatures at the end of fruit development in 2015 increased the levels andconcentrations of hexoses and sorbitol; this increase was partially due to a concentration effect butalso to an effect on fruit metabolism. Increased temperatures in the middle and at the end of fruitdevelopment also favoured the accumulation of malic and citric acid. The high temperatures did nothave much effect on vitamin C and either increased or decreased the levels of phenolic compounds.The effects of an increase in temperature on the metabolism are therefore very dependent on thestage of fruit development.The use of a Fruit‐scale model and a tree‐level (QualiTree) model could simulate both the effect ofthe environment and cultural practices on the growth and quality of the fruit, and give a moreintegrated view of the plant's functioning under environmental constraints
Samba, Alassane, and Francis Laloë. "La pêche artisanale au Sénégal : ressource et stratégie de pêche." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112153.
Full textIn Senegal, waters of the continental shelf are very productive, due to a seasonal upwelling responsible of fish stocks migrations. The progressive setting up of a stratified sampling system (with subsampling in each stratum) for collecting a great number of parameters takes into account the main artisanal fishery characteristics. Data processing gives up results on fishing effort, catch per unit of effort and total landings. Methodological tests are periodically conducted to improve sampling design. The main source of bias is discussed. This enhances the fact that increasing the strata number would lead to a variability of their size, due to the capacity of fishing units to alter their tactics according to circumstances. We deeply study fishing outings and results in Saint-Louis and Kayar by using statistical analysis and considering 3 periods between 1975 and 1987. We notice an important interannual variability in fishing effort characteristics and levels, and in catch per outing. We also show seasonal and annual variations in resource availability and landings related to upwelling dynamics. We then study population dynamics models through their ability to account for the main changes that have been noticed. We pay particular attention to the potential impact of a restricted access to the resource and to the models applying to the dynamics of the fishing fleet. We then suggest a simulation showing the evolution of a fishery similar to the artisanal fishery in Senegal, the fishing units of which have a strategy with a range of available tactics and a selection rule. We then study a fishery that would differ by its lesser adaptability. This finally allows us to deal with the analysis of artisanal fisheries planning problems
Laloë, Francis, and Alassane Samba. "La pêche artisanale au Sénégal : ressource et stratégie de pêche." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112154.
Full textIn Senegal, waters of the continental shelf are very productive, due to a seasonal upwelling responsible of fish stocks migrations. The progressive setting up of a stratified sampling system (with subsampling in each stratum) for collecting a great number of parameters takes into account the main artisanal fishery characteristics. Data processing gives up results on fishing effort, catch per unit of effort and total landings. Methodological tests are periodically conducted to improve sampling design. The main source of bias is discussed. This enhances the fact that increasing the strata number would lead to a variability of their size, due to the capacity of fishing units to alter their tactics according to circumstances. We deeply study fishing outings and results in Saint-Louis and Kayar by using statistical analysis and considering 3 periods between 1975 and 1987. We notice an important interanual variability in fishing effort characteristics and levels, and in catch per outing. We also show seasonal and annual variations in resource availability and landings related to upwelling dynamics. We then study population dynamics models through their ability to account for the main changes that have been noticed. We pay particular attention to the potential impact of a restricted access to the resource and to the models applying to the dynamics of the fishing fleet. We then suggest a simulation showing the evolution of a fishery similar to the artisanal fishery in Senegal, the fishing units of which have a strategy with a range of available tactics and a selection rule. We then study a fishery that would differ by its lesser adaptability. This finally allows us to deal with that analysis of artisanal fisheries planning problems
Bernard, Maud. "Les habitats rocheux intertidaux sous l'influence d'activités anthropiques : structure, dynamique et enjeux de conservation." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00720611.
Full textLE, ROUX Sylvain. "Pêche et territoires au Sénégal." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010547.
Full textLe, Roux Sylvain. "Pêche et territoires au Sénégal." Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT3004.
Full textThe strong socialization of the Senegalese coast can be explained, among others, by the dynamism of dugout-fishing which has evolved from a traditional activity to an artisanal fishing in less than about fifty years. The territorial approach applied to three levels of spatial scale (fishing territories, halieutic poles and coastal territories) offers a better understanding of the relationship between the halieutic societies and the coastal zone. Based on a participative field approach, this work contributes to the thought on the integrated coastal zone management and the identity of the halieutic societies. It brings to the fore the discrepancy between the endogenous dynamics and the exogenous factors and so it raises the issue of the North-South relationship and proves the need for renewing the scientific and political approaches in the field of development
Huot, Michel. "Les "mordus de la pêche"; l'univers des amateurs de pêche à la ligne du Québec." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/294936.
Full textKazour, Maria. "Active and passive biomonitoring tools for microplastics assessment in two highly polluted aquatic environments : case study of the Seine estuary and the Lebanese coast SOURCES OF MICROPLASTICS POLLUTION IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT: IMPORTANCE OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT AND COASTAL LANDFILL MICROPLASTICS POLLUTION ALONG THE LEBANESE COAST (EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN BASIN): OCCURRENCE IN SURFACE WATER, SEDIMENTS AND BIOTA SAMPLES JUVENILE FISH CAGING AS A TOOL FOR ASSESSING MICROPLASTICS CONTAMINATION IN ESTUARINE FISH NURSERY GROUNDS IS BLUE MUSSEL CAGING AN EFFICIENT METHOD FOR MONITORING ENVIRONMENTAL MICROPLASTICS POLLUTION?" Thesis, Littoral, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019DUNK0544.
Full textPlastic fabrication is increasing worldwide in response to daily human demands. This mass production is linked to the immense plastic marine litter found all around the world: each synthetic material is meant to find its way back into the aquatic systems. Anthropogenic pressure and the immense human population, the lack of appropriate plastic treatment process and the growing industrial activities advocate their presence in the aquatic environments. These plastics are then found in the form of microplastics (microscopic particle with a size < 5 mm) observed in the water, in the sediments and are prone to be ingested by various marine organisms along the trophic chain. This thesis focuses on (1) assessing microplastics sources and input into the aquatic environment and their occurrence in biota, and (2) to test the feasibility of using transplanted organisms (caging) for monitoring microplastics pollution in the marine coastal environment. Two coastal areas highly impacted by anthropogenic pressures were studied: Le Havre in France and the Lebanese coast. For the former, the role of a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent and an abandoned coastal landfill as pathways for microplastics (MPs) input into the marine environment was assessed. MPs were first analyzed in raw sewage influent, sludge and effluent samples, and their fate was studied along a distance gradient from the WWTP in three matrices: surface water, sediments and wild mussels (Mytilus spp). MPs were found in all matrices with a decreasing abundance from the effluent. Strong MPs abundances (higher than those found near the WWTP effluent) were observed in the vicinity of the coastal landfill suggesting its importance as a MPs entry route into the marine coastal environment. Whereas for the Lebanese coast, we evaluated for the first time the MPs pollution in the seawater, sediments and two important seafood species (one pelagic fish: Engraulis encrasicolus and one bivalve: Spondylus spinosus). Results showed different patterns of MPs concentration in the analyzed matrices. The occurrence of MPs in the biota was high (83.4% and 86.3% in anchovies and spiny oysters, respectively). These results highlighted the high MPs pollution found in the Levantine Basin in comparison to other Western Mediterranean regions. In addition, the obtained results indicate the potential contribution of coastal landfills to this pollution. Most often microplastics studies involve collection of organisms’ samples from natural populations. In this thesis, we tested the feasibility of using transplanted organisms (caging) for monitoring microplastics’ pollution in the marine coastal environment. We developed caging experiments with juvenile European Flounder, Platichthys flesus, in estuarine nursery grounds and blue mussels, Mytilus edulis, in coastal marine environment. For each species, the abundance and characteristics (shape, size, color and type of polymers) of MPs ingested by caged individuals are compared with those ingested by wild individuals collected at the same site and with those found in their surrounding environment (surface water and sediments). Our results suggest that transplanted organisms (caging) may be a promising tool for MPs biomonitoring making monitoring more reliable with an accurate assessment of the biological effects of MPs over a predetermined exposure period
Folly, Ameganvi Marc. "La pêche dans la Bas-Togo." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040007.
Full textAnoh, Kouassi Paul. "Pêche, aquaculture et développement en Côte d'Ivoire." Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT3001.
Full textPichon, Jacques. "Les zones de pêche des chalutiers bigoudens." Brest, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BRES1001.
Full textThe Bigouden region of Britany has about three hundred and twenty trawlers of which one hundred anf fifty deep-sea trawlers whose fishing areas range from off the west coast of eire down to the south of the bay of biscay. The other one hundred and seventy trawlers are bounding their fisheries to the north of the bay of Biscay. The choice of fishing grounds is determined by the nature of the sea-bed, the desired species of fish, the technical and human means available and the expected results. This choice is the first step in developping a fishing strategy. The location and mapping of the fishing area of each trawler allow different strategies to be described and compared
Thomas, Olivier. "De la pêche-chasse à la pêche-élevage : approches anthropologiques du changement technico-culturel dans le golfe de Gascogne-Biscaye." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR21019.
Full textTitle of the thesis : from fishing-hunting to fishing-breeding : anthropological approaches to technical and cultural change in the gulf of Gascoigne Biscay. This study does not analyze the growth of aquaculture but rather aims to grasp the basis of technical and cultural changes in coastal fishing. In parallel with the phenomenon of internal change, the emergence of a scientific community studying fishing is also observed. Paradoxically, the maritime community, which sees itself as an active counter-power, has gained in strength in this complex context
Moudilou, Herménégilde. "Les potentialités de la pêche artisanale au Congo." Toulouse 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU10018.
Full textThere exist branches, sectors, or activities where traditional artisanal techniques can be "under-developing", this cannot be generalized to include the whole of the economy. Though a certain number of technical improvements, traditional artiesan can become efficient, from both an economic and financial point of view. This is especially true for fisching in the Congo (as well as for all the results of the west African coast). Improved artisan fishing surpasses those of traditional artisan fishing, and moreover, on the seeds where such improved artisan techniques are used, they obtain better results than industrial fishing techniques. Through adjustments at the level of artisanal transformation techniques and commercialisation, the development of a network of fish products can be based on this traditional artisan industry. With regards to this, a metaphore could be created with certain results from the study of complex forms, industrial fishing techniques would have a ro-nucleation threshold superior to the fish product network's ray, when the traditional artisan fishing information is not an organizational force
Guchan, Anne. "Le droit de la pêche en eau douce." Bordeaux 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR1D009.
Full textFishing law in france has been modified by the law of june 29th 1984. The previous rules formed the subject of numerous criticals : maladjustement to the fishes biology, multiplicity of derogations and initial text has no more general statement the administrative management is complicated because it's dispersed between several authorities ; lack of interest from riverside residents and fishers in front of patrimony protection, hegemony from fishing associations. Fluvial fishing law tries to remedy theses problems and endeavours to elaborates not only fishing regulation but also aquatic environnemental protection
Oukhadou, Ali Ait. "Pêche, industrie et vie ouvrière à Agadir (Maroc)." Poitiers, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991POIT5010.
Full textBased on a little portuguese trading post of the 16th century- founty- built during the first years of the frensh protectorate, agadir is to-day a town knowing a developpement economic growth. Its harbour can claim to be the most important fishing-harbour in morocco. The south coast of morocco is famous for having plenty of fish, industrial fishing being the main activity, but the increase of fishing being contemplated, it should promof more distant fishing. The traditional very active industrial kind of fishing has very early involved plants for the conservation of fish. Thirty years after it has been destroyed- an earthquake- agadir has multiplied its activities: tourisme, industries, fishing, agriculture. Its urban landscape reveals an extraordinary diversity, wich leads the population from rural origin to settle on the outskvits of the town, where people can live as they have always donne and keeps in touch with their tradiitonal background
Mavoungou, Valentin. "Le contentieux de la pêche en droit communautaire." Orléans, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ORLE0009.
Full textThe fishing policy is one of the new policies drawn up by the community authorities with a view to reaching an essential objective of the treaty of rome, viz, to organize and develop all the economic sectors of the member-states of the e. E. C. Undeniably there lies behind this new policy a whole new set of problems which are particularly difficult to resolve coherently within the community, due to biological factors, difficulties arising from conflicting national interests and various international concerns. The basic community regulations, 2141 70 and 2142 70, of 20th october 1970, and even more so those of 3rd november 1976 recommended following the extension of com munity waters to 200 miles, have not been sufficient to change the customary behaviour of the member-states with regard to the fisheries. The degree of importance which member-states, being essentially coastal states attach to their national regulations regarding conservation and access to halieutic stocks makes the community "norm" difficult. This obviously creates a conflict of rules on the one hand, and divides the jurisdiction between the member-states and the community, on the other hand. The problem of the validity of conventional agreements made by member-states with third parties, with waters coming under the jurisdiction of such agreements be coming community waters, also poses itself, as does that of the integration and adaptation of the common fishing policy to international maritime law. It is within this legal maze that the problem of fishing disputes is raised in e. E. C law; a problem which the european community court of justice is striving to resolve, with the competence attributed to it by e. E. C treaty
Corlay, Jean-Pierre. "La pêche au Danemark : essai de géographie halieutique." Brest, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BRES1001.
Full textThe force of Danish fishery (1,8 mt, the 3rd world fish products exporter) results from the setting up, during the 50s of a development strategy which aims at meeting the strong worldly demand for marine proteins. The production contrasts two channels : fishing for reduction, mainly catching sand-eel, norway pout and sprat from the north sea, and fishing for human consumption, where cod, plaice, norway lobster and herring are the predominant species. The success of Danish fishery relies on the nearby and abundant biological resources, a powerful halio-industrial complex, the valorization of the fish products, the efficiency of the professional organizations, an incentive aid from the state and synergy between public and private partners. The take-off during the 50s and the 60s has overbalanced the centre of gravity of the halieutic space from east to west, and has been a factor for the expansion of the peripheral areas in jutland. In the face of the difficulties caused by the establisment of the new international halieutic order (EEZ, common European fishery policy), new strategies are beeing tested
Boushaba, Abdelmadjid. "La pêche maritime dans les pays du Maghreb." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR30011.
Full textMaritime fishing is an ancient activity which has experienced a prodigious expansion due to technical progress. However, the three Maghreb countries striving to develop sea fishing do not attach to it the same importance. The ticklish question of maritime law and the establishment of boundaries have been previously disputed; these encounters have somewhat governed its evolution. The classical notions of territorial sea (zone of the national souverainity) and of open sea (free zone) quickly become obsolete. In particular, freedom in open sea allonwing an anarchical and abusive exploitation of the biological resources, is calling into the question "de facto", from the increas in the coast countries and unilateral extensions of sovereignty which appear like an unorganized "sanction" against the situation; however their validity in international law is contestable, the 1982 Convention will sacrifficed the notion of an exclusive economic zone (e. E. Z. ) in which the borderer has an extended sphere regarding biological resources. Use of these resources is regulated by internal and international law provisions. The 1982 Convention laid down the general principles and attenmpted to institute a rational and equitable policy. The Maghreb countries are triying to protect these resources and promot the undher the national development interests. They adhere to the 1976 Convention of Barcelona relative to the war against pollution of the mediterranean sea, and are taking mesures to encourage the practice of fishing. International organization such as the f. A. O. And its committees are organizing a communal arrangment of these resources. On a limited level, the joint ventures society offer views to the Maghreb countries and are a privileged instrument in bilateral cooperation. On a governmental level, specific structures are created, aimed al stimulating the fishing industry
Delaire, Étienne. "Le rôle structurant du froid dans le milieu de la pêche en France 1850-1960." Nantes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NANT2059.
Full textThis thesis describes the cold structuring role in fisheries, primarily in France, for the period between 1900 to 1960 and leads us to study the chain of the processing industries of the fishes products, in all aspects. In all the activities of fishing, catching, transformation and marketing, the product conservation and/or transformation and their properties maintenance like food or as raw material for industry are of primary importance. The fishery products must thus receive the same attentions and precautions as of their capture that if they were intended to be consumed as fresh. The fishing industry uses throughout the studied period the cold to develop the study course, making it possible to reduce the losses after capture and the energy consumption by privileging the catching function compared to the transporting function, imposed by the distance of fishing places in the halieutic system. In the second part, the study of a particular technical course , the tuna fisheries, will show how the cold, by its capacity to abolish the distances concerning the conservation of the catches, was structuring. The specific techniques used in these types of transformation is related within food technology domain, and we will study which incidences had, for fisheries, the industrial cold development in the networks of production, storage, transformation and distribution of fish
Le, Floc'H Pascal. "La mesure des performances économiques des entreprises de pêche." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00440969.
Full textNadraoui, Mustapha. "La pêche maritime sur la façade atlantique du Maroc." Nancy 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NAN21019.
Full textConsidering the world's increase in population, at the present day maritime resources are just as important as agricultural ones. Halieutic resources are becoming essential for countries with a maritime coastline to secure their future and to guarantee their need for food. Morocco benefits by an important strategic position. It opens out into the Atlantic Ocean as well as the Mediterranean and possesses 3000 km of coastline. Because of its position, Morocco must safeguard its halieutic richness and take all necessary measures to present maritime piracy by foreign fishing ships which are not authorized by the Moroccan government. The aim of our present study is to help develop the economical structure of maritime fishing, the technique of industrial changes, the marketing of fishing instruments and to make this sector more profitable for the country
David, Gilbert. "Pêche villageoise et alimentation au Vanuatu : exploration d'un système." Brest, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BRES1002.
Full textThis thesis deals with the relationships between fisheries and food supply studied as a system. A first book deals with the regional, human and physical environnement of the system. The books 2 and 3 deals with an input and output flux analysis on the system's border. The fisheries food supply on 1984 is appraised to 4,322-4,885 t giving 415 t of proteins for the ni-Vanuata population whose yearly proteic needs are 2,332 t. The book 4 deals with the structural and fonctionnal causes of the fisheries product under-consumption. It is divided in three chapters. The first one deals with the distribution and conservation network whose problems are discussed. The second chapter deals with the demand including the family income and expeditures, the food evolution, the competition between the fresh fish and the tinned fish and the prospects for the demand increase. The last chapter deals with the scarcity of the fish supply. The prospects for the supply increase and the constraints on this development are discussed as the problems relative to the fisheries policy. The emphasis is put on the flexibility and the adaptability which should show every fisheries policy
Engouma, Georgette. "La pêche dans la région de l'estuaire (Libreville-Gabon)." Montpellier 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON30043.
Full textIn the context of a certain evolution and some transformations actually occuring in the estuary region, libreville as the capital city of gabon has made fishing a flourishing activity. In the present study we aim at analysing the conditions, the tools and technics involved in fishing, the fishermen as a social group, and the marketing of fishing products in the region and in the whole country as well. Being essentially traditional up to recent years, fishing is actually having a tendancy to modernize itself, managed as it is by associations of some rich natives (mostly members of the ruling power) with some foreign partners. We specially intended to focus on the kind of organization and mechanisms involved, in close keeping with the environment, the local traditions and the mixed population of the country. So the main interest of this study lies in the physical environment, that is, the sea and its management, and in the evolution or the future of the coast as its activities in an underdeveloped country are concerned
Bereau-Duquesne, Martine. "La pêche au sardinal à Collioure : ethnologie d'une disparition." Paris 10, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA100004.
Full textLukomski, Jerzy. "La filière pêche en Pologne : essai de géographie halieutique." Nantes, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NANT3008.
Full textThe main aim of this thesis is to present the current state of the polish fishing industry and its prospects in the new socio-economic conditions in the country and the increasingly restricted access to ocean fishing banks. The author tries to show that under the circumstances the polish fishing industry could gradually lose its oceanic character and become increasingly regional. The fishing industry is a particularly complex and necessarily multidisciplinary domain. Its working mechanisms are subject to the influence, at one and the same time, of many distinct factors. Since it its hardly possible to analyse the fishing industry without first seeing just how it functions, the first part of the study is devoted to the basic bioand socio-economic processes wihich are specific to the field. At the same time, this introduction provides the theoretical basis for reflection on the practical aspects of the polish fishing industry
Nurhakim, Subhat. "Biologie et dynamique du Banyar Rastrelliger kanagurta (téléostéen - Scombridae) dans la pêcherie des grands senneurs en mer de Java." Brest, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BRES2018.
Full textZaffaroni, Marta. "Modélisation des interactions plant-puceron, en considérant explicitement le rôle des pratiques agricoles : Pêche (Prunus persica) - puceron vert (Myzus persicae) comme cas d'étude An ecophysiological model of plant–pest interactions: the role of nutrient and water availability Maximizing plant production and minimizing environmental impact: comparing agricultural management scenarios with multi criteria decision analysis The role of vectors interference in a shared host-multi vector system." Thesis, Avignon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AVIG0723.
Full textAphids alter plant development and can transmit viruses, thus representing a major threat for crops. Aphid pressure on plant can be reduced and crop production can be enhanced by facilitating some ecological processes in addition, or in substitution, to the use of pesticides. Mathematical models can help in predicting the direction and strength of these ecological processes and they can reveal the impact of alternative ways of managing crops. The proposed thesis aims to develop process based mathematical models coupling plant physiology and aphid demography to drive ecological intensification and reduce the use of pesticides. The models consider i) interactions between plant and aphid, while most crop models only consider the effect of the pest on the plant and not vice versa hence impairing insights upon bottom-up pest control via cultural practices; and ii) the effect of cultural practices and the outcome in terms of harvest, issues that are usually absent in ecological models. Therefore, I firstly couple a mechanistic plant growth model with a pest population model, I calibrate it for a peach-green aphid system and I use it to get insights on the mechanisms behind the response of aphids to fertilization and irrigation. Furthermore, I develop an epidemiological model explicitly accounting for the interference between two aphid vectors. I apply the model to explore the effect of inter-specific aphid interference in shaping the spread of plant viruses, considering the effect of agricultural practices
Pointin, Fabien. "Etude spatiale des données collectées à bord des navires de pêche : en quoi est-elle pertinente pour la gestion des rejets de la pêche ?" Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NSARH106/document.
Full textSince 2002, the European Union (EU) Members States collect, manage and supply data forthe management of fisheries and specifically of discards. In this context, at-sea observer programmes collect data on-board fishing vessels on the composition and quantity of catch, including discards. Based on these data, this study aims to analyse the spatio-temporal distribution of landings and discards so as to contribute to their management. In doing so, amapping method based on nested grids has been developed. This method has been designed to produce pluriannual, annual and quarterly maps of landings and discards per species or group of species according to the fishing metier.A platform based on Big Data technologies has then been used with the objectives of refining and automating the mapping method. Using an online storage system and a high-performance computing system, a large number of maps were produced automatically per métier, grouping or not years, quarters and species. Finally, the usefulness of the produced maps for managing discards has been demonstrated, particularly regarding the Landing Obligation (Regulation (UE) n° 1380/2013). Based on fleet cost and revenue data, these maps open up possibilities for identifying fishing zones and/or periods to be avoided (i.e., high bycatch) while minimising the impacts on fleet’s economic performances
Tosello-Bancal, François. "L'évolution de la pêche de la sardine sur le littoral français." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040010.
Full textThe European pilchard (sardina pilchardus walbaum) was plentifully fished, in France, during the past century; mainly along the coasts of south Brittany and Vendée. In 1910, they counted up to 37 maritime quarters with 84 ports, to fish the pilchard. There were also about 188 canning factories to work the pilchard. Today, there are no more than 13 maritime quarters with 25 ports, to fish this species and 25 canning factories working the pilchard. Atlantic production overtook the Mediterranean one before 1960. Since this date, the tendency reversed. The aim of this thesis is the study of different factors (biology, economy, catching techniques, etc. ) Explaining this evolution, or else, the decline of the pilchard-fishing in France. It also wants to show the real situation of this activity, in France, in this end of the twentieth century
Khaled, Ramez. "Optimisation des engins de pêche en terme d'économie de carburant." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00788335.
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