Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Effets des agents atmosphériques sur les'
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Riou, Bruno. "Effets des agents anesthésiques intraveineux sur la contractilité myocardique." Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA11T008.
Full textGadilhe, Agnès. "Comportement aéraulique des enveloppes de bâtiment : détermination numérique des pressions en façade : Modélisation de la perméabilité à l'air." Lyon, INSA, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ISAL0023.
Full text[Pressure models provide an attractive tool for the evaluation of the building ventilation. However, further development and validation of these models requires a better understanding of two critical issues : the pressure distribution around the building and the hydrodynamic behaviour of the envelope. The objectives of this thesis are to present a feasibility study of the k-e model for the evaluation of the pressure distribution and to better understand the flow characteristics through the envelope. First, we compare the pressure coefficients on a seven story building obtained by three existing methods : wind tunnel analysis, on site measurements, numerical approach. The comparison of the results of the numerical simulation with the wind tunnel test on two buildings demonstrates the limits and the difficulties of this promising numerical technique. Then we focus on the behaviour of the envelope - interface between inside and outside. A bibliography review and an on site experiment allow us to identify the type, the location and the flow equation of the various air paths. In order to improve our understanding of the flow through every specific building component, we test in our laboratory apparatus the behaviour of cracks and slots. The limits of the pressurization technique and its associated logarithmic law are clarified. ]
Chiodini, Florence. "Effets des agents bloquants neuromusculaires sur le système nerveux central." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10218.
Full textMorand, Sébastien. "Étude des effets des neutrons atmosphériques sur les nouveaux systèmes de puissance embarqués en aéronautique." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2591/.
Full textThe natural radiation environment is a source of catastrophic failures for power electronic components. The phenomenon of single event failure, related to the neutron and proton environment in atmosphere, is taken into account in aeronautics mission profile. New technologies are becoming available and new applications are being designed which needs to adapt our existing methodologies and tools. Expected new power electronic developments are taken benefit from high temperature capabilities of new power electronics which shall lead to coupled effect from temperature on radiation sensitivity. Multiple axis of improvement are described in this work. First of all, a detailed methodology to assess the radiation sensitivity is proposed with specific parameters related to power electronic applications. New test protocols are also proposed to study non-destructively power electronic components and to evaluate wide band gap power devices sensitivity. The development of these protocols is based mainly on the use of laser facilities, TCAD simulations tools and test campaign at particle accelerator facilities. The use of such methodology and protocols benefits to the assessment of the radiation failure rate which is described for aircraft mission profile
Renard, Sébastien. "Évaluation des effets des neutrons atmosphériques sur l'électronique embarqué en avionique et recherche de solutions de durcissement." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01015741.
Full textLi, Cavoli Pierre. "Études théoriques et expérimentales des effets singuliers induits par les muons atmosphériques sur les technologies numériques d’échelle nanométrique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4098/document.
Full textThis study concerns the domain of the microelectronics. It consists in the studyof the impact of the 3D morphology of the energy deposit on the Single EventEffect (SEE) modeling, induced by atmospheric muons. Over a first phase, theapproach has consisted in the modeling of the energy deposit induced by protonsin nanometric volumes. For that purpose the use of the Monte Carlo code GEANT4has allowed to simulate and stock in a database the tracks characteristics of theenergy deposit induced by protons. Once the approach validated for the protons,simulations of the energy deposit induced by muons have been realized. A CCDcamera has been used in order to measure the radiative atmospheric environmentand to constrain the modeling of the energy deposit induced by muons. This studyhighlights and quantify the contribution of the radial distribution of the energydeposit incuced by protons in nanometric volumes for the SEE prediction. On theother hand, the study shows that the contribution of the radial distribution of theenergy deposit induced by muons in nanometric volumes has a negligeable impacton the SEE modeling. It will be interesting to realize measurements of the energydeposit induced by muons in nanometric technologies under accelerator. This willallow to bring experimental data still nonexistant necessary to the developpmentof new physical models more accurate on the modelization of the energy depositinduced by muons
Mattei, Coraline. "Réactivité hétérogène de pesticides adsorbés sur des particules atmosphériques : influence des paramètres environnementaux sur les cinétiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0181.
Full textEnvironmental contamination by pesticides is ubiquitous and induces health and environmental impacts. Once applied, some of the pesticides reach the atmosphere, where they distribute between the aqueous, gaseous and particle phases. Most of the currently used pesticides are semi-volatiles and are therefore partially adsorbed on the atmospheric particle surfaces and undergo heterogeneous degradation reactions. If their reactivity in the gaseous phase is often known, their reactivity in the particle phase remains poorly described. This experimental work allowed studying the influence of environmental parameters (relative humidity, type of particles, pesticides surface concentration) on the reactivity of eight pesticides (cyprodinil, deltamethrin, difenoconazole, fipronil, oxadiazon, pendimethalin, permethrin, tetraconazole). They were adsorbed on mineral surfaces mimicking mineral aerosol particles (hydrophobic and hydrophilic silica, Arizona sand) to simulate atmospheric degradation by the mains atmospheric oxidants (ozone, hydroxyl radicals (OH) and nitrate radicals (NO3)). Results showed that relative humidity, particle type, and pesticide concentration can influence the heterogeneous degradation of pesticides with ozone and OH radicals. They also showed the efficiency of NO3 radicals for the atmospheric heterogeneous degradation of pesticides (half-lives in the particle phase from 2 to 16 d with NO3 compared to 0.4 to > 800 d with ozone and to 3 to > 100 d with OH). Results obtained allow a better understanding of the atmospheric fate of pesticides and will contribute to predict of atmospheric contamination
Dahmani, Souhayl. "Effets des agents anesthésiques sur la phosphorylation de FAK et ERK 1 & 2 : mécanismes et implications de ces protéines dans les effets de ces agents." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066411.
Full textMechaymech, Ahmad. "Effets des viscosants sur la rhéologie et la stabilité des systèmes cimentaires fluides." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1953.
Full textAlbanèse, Jacques. "Effets sur l'hémodynamique cérébrale des agents sédatifs lors de l'hypertension intracrânienne post-traumatique humaine." Aix-Marseille 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX20681.
Full textOpioids serve as a basis for sedation of head trauma patients with intracranial hypertension. Nevertheless, our first two studies showed sufentanil, but also fentanyl and alfentanil at equialagesic dosages, increases intracranial pressure, after a drop in blood pressure. In a third study, we showed remifentanil has similar effects. Because of these adverse effects, an alternative consists on the use an agents without deleterious effect on systemic hemodynamics. Ketamine has interesting properties regarding these effects. However, prior studies suggested that ketamine might increase intracranial pressure. In a fourth study done on mechanically ventilated patients, we demonstrated a decrease in intracranial pressure during ketamine bolus. In addition, we showed that, in fifth study, ketamine could be safely used like sufentanil. Finally, our last study confirmed the feasibility of ketamine and sufentanil for sedation of head trauma patient in target controlled infusion
Roche, Yvon. "Agents antibacteriens et cellules eucaryotes : effets des antibiotiques sur les reponses immunes specifiques cellulaires." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA071133.
Full textVandesteene, Arlette. "Analyse des effets des agents anesthésiques halogènes sur les potentiels somesthésiques de courte latence." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212644.
Full textGuetarni, Karima. "Etude et modélisation des effets du rayonnement atmosphérique sur les composants de puissance." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20181.
Full textThe influence of natural radiation on electronic devices is a topic that is well-known in the space and aeronautics areas. This is not true for the transportation industries (automotive, rail) while the vulnerability of components in "ground" is real.With the massive development of hybrid/electric vehicles, power components such as semiconductor IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) and power MOS (Metal Oxide Semiconductor) will be used in large numbers in the power converters used in critical functions. The reliability of these components, based on recent technology, contrary to what is used for space applications must be assured.This work is aimed to assess the sensitivity of the investigated power devices considered as the core of the systems on energy conversion and identify physical phenomena inducing failure triggering and understand the different failure mechanisms of power components toward single event effects using TCAD simulation tool. The long term objective is to simplify these complex physical processes in order to develop prediction compact models. Such a development could be useful to achieve prediction tools dedicated to power components at the same maturity levels as those developed for digital electronics
Bensoussan, Hélène. "Effets d'une contamination à l'uranium sur le système cholinergique : approches in vivo et in vitro." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA11T073.
Full textAya, Antoine Guy-Marin. "Effets des agents anesthésiques sur les paramètres électrophysiologiques impliqués dans la genèse des réentrées ventriculaires." Montpellier 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON1T023.
Full textVelly, Lionel. "Effets neuroprotecteurs des agents anesthésiques sur des modèles in vitro et in vivo d'ischémie cérébrale." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX22957/document.
Full textThe neuroprotective effect of anesthetic agents is now established for over 30 years.However, the mechanisms involved remains to be fully explored. This work focuses on twoneuroprotective strategies:The first part is on the involvement of glutamatergic transmission in their directneuroprotective effects. We studied the effect of two separate classes of anesthetic agents:propofol and sevoflurane on co-cultures of cortical neurons and astrocytes from rats subjectedto a transient oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) mimicking cerebral ischemia. Weobserved that the presence of propofol or sevoflurane during OGD prevented neuronal death,accumulation of extracellular glutamate and decreased uptake of glutamate induced byischemia. We also demonstrated that this partial restoration of glutamate uptake mediated bypropofol and sevoflurane involved differential transporters.The second part deals with the neuroprotection achieved by pharmacologicalpreconditioning with regard to the use of volatile anesthetic agents before ischemia. We firstconfirmed in vitro the existence of such protection with sevoflurane. We also highlighted therole of ATP-dependent potassium channels and reactive oxygen species in sevofluranepreconditioning-induced neuroprotection. Then, using an in vivo model of focal transientischemia, we showed that sevoflurane preconditioning significantly improved functionaloutcome and reduced infarct volume. However, this protection was transient. Sevofluraneonly delayed the neuronal death associated with apoptosis but offers an interesting therapeuticwindow
Leblond, Sébastien. "Etude pluridisciplinaire du transfert des métaux de l'atmosphère vers les mousses (Scleropodium purum (Hedw. ) Limpr. ) : suivi sur un site rural (Vouzon, France)." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA077216.
Full textPérez, Becerra Liliana. "Les effets des politiques des ressources humaines sur le contrat psychologique : les cas des agents municipaux." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05H125.
Full textThe workplace relationship consists of an agreement for the exchange of services between the employee and the employer. The terms and conditions of the pact are interpreted differently by each part. Each individual develops a "psychological contract" based on his perception of reciprocal promises and obligations. Studies show that the evaluation and implementation of this agreement has significant repercussions on the attitudes and behaviors of employees. In France, the concept of the "psychological contract" has not been deeply studied. International literature on the subject has mainly focused on the private sector. Our works aims to discover the particularities of this contract in the public sector, for local civil servants, a group which has not been analyzed but which has a very important position in the French employment market. Our research wants to contribute to debate both on a theoretical and in and operational basis: on one hand, we analyse the employee's perceptions of wage policies as one of the factors influencing the psychological contract; on the other hand, we explore the links between the perception of the breach of contract and how the employee places himself in terms of salary with regards to others. We find one of the first indicators of the existent reciprocity between organisational justice and psychological contract. Our work confirms in this way the existence of a link between procedural justice (perception of equality and transparency in wage policies) and the perception of a breach in the psychological contract. We also confirm the link between the perception of this breach and salary comparisons (distributive justice)
Sztark, François. "La mitochondrie : une cible pour les agents anesthésiques. Effets des anesthésiques locaux sur les oxydations phosphorylantes." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR28522.
Full textRoumeau, Stéphane. "Les réactions hétérogènes dans la troposphère tropicale : effets des aérosols carbonés et des cirrus sur l'ozone." La Réunion, 2001. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/01_21_Roumeau.pdf.
Full textNadeau, Christian. "Analyse des effets atmosphériques dans les données en télédétection du moyen infrarouge sur la classification des minéraux de surface en milieu aride." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ61813.pdf.
Full textClément, Maxime. "Collaboration et automatisation dans le transfert de connaissances : perception des agents logiciels par les contributeurs de Wikipédia." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26399.
Full textRamgolam, Kiran. "Effet des particules atmosphériques fines (PM2. 5, PM1) et ultrafines (PMO. 1) provenant de la région parisienne sur lépithélium respiratoire humain in vitro." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077040.
Full textEpidemiological studies have highlighted the health impacts of ambient particulate matter (PM), and especially on cardio-respiratory diseases. Inhaled PM induces an inflammatory response in the respiratory tract that results from an increased release of inflammatory mediators such as the pro-inflammatory cytokine GM-CSF. The aim of this work was to characterize in vitro the pro-inflammatory response induced by fine (PM2. 5 and PM1 : particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter les than 2. 5 and 1 um) and ultrafine (PM0. 1) particulate matter in human respiratory epithelial cells. The comparison of the size fractions of Paris aerosol (PMO. 03-0. 1, PMO. 1-1, PM1-2. 5 and PM2. 5-10) showed that fine PMO. 1-1 and ultrafine PMO. 03-0. 1 systematically induced the highest release of the pro-inflammatory biomarker GM-CSF. This pro-inflammatory effect was correlated to particle organic carbon content. The study of the mechanisms of the pro-inflammatory response induced by Paris PM2. 5 revealed that (1) the expression and release of the growth factor amphiregulin (AR) which is an EGF receptor (EGFR) ligand, were increased through EGFR and MAP Kinases activation and (2) AR participates in PM2. 5-induced GM-CSF release. These results strengthened the hypothesis of a higher reactivity of fine and ultrafine urban PM and highlighted for the first time the involvement of EGFR and its ligands in PM-induced pro-inflammatory response of respiratory epithelial cells
Dutay, Catherine. "Effet du chaps sur la réponse des microvaisseaux du crémaster de rat aux agents vasodilatateurs." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05P206.
Full textMortier, Augustin. "Tendances et variabilités de l’aérosol atmosphérique à l’aide du couplage Lidar/Photomètre sur les sites de Lille et Dakar." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10164/document.
Full textBeyond their impact on air quality affecting health, atmospheric aerosols are a key parameter of the climate. Large uncertainties remain (IPCC, 2013) due to their type versatility, radiative and clouds interactions and their strong variability in space and time. In light of this, a long-term observation is highly required. In 2006, the LOA reinforced sunphotometer observations with two micro-lidars in two contrasted sites : Lille and Dakar. In this work, we analyse these complementary observations at multiple time scale in order to highlight trends and provide a variability estimation. These observations include detection of extreme events (volcanic ash from Eyjafjöll, 2010). The analysis of the unique and large database is based on the development of an automatic algorithm (BASIC) combining vertical profiles and sunphotometer measurements. This work is particularly relevant and of interest in the current and future context of observation systems (ORAURE, Météo France). Our results are used to provide a better determination of aerosols radiative effect. Our whole database has been used faced to vertical profiles from the CALIOP spaceborne lidar and for a first evaluation of the NMMB/BSC-Dust model in Africa during one year. Finally, we present first results of a mobile ground-based remote sensing system, providing high space resolution capability to monitor aerosol properties, deployed during DRAGON campaign (USA, 2011)
Goulaouic, Stéphane. "Effets des particules fines atmosphériques sur la sécrétion des cytokines pro-inflammatoires par les cellules THP-1 et mesures de marqueurs du stress oxydant." Thesis, Metz, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009METZ018S/document.
Full textParticles are concerning constituent of the atmospheric pollution, in particular the PM2,5 fraction (aerodynamic diameter lower than 2,5 µm) which is capable of penetrating into lungs up to alveoli. It can be the cause of inflammation processes leading to respiratory diseases. Studies have shown that alveolar macrophages exposed to PM2,5 secrete inflammatory cytokines. Identification of PM2,5 compounds responsible for observed effects, is not clarified yet. Factors such as the composition in metals and organic compounds, as well as the physical characteristics of particles have all been proposed as being involved in the induction of the inflammatory response. The aim of this thesis is to study in vitro effects of particles on the immune response of macrophages, specifically of the cell line THP-1. The parameters measured are the secretion of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, in order to give a mechanistic explanation of observed phenomena. It was shown that PM2,5 induce in a significant way the secretion of cytokines IL-1[bêta] and IL-8. Black carbon particles (fine and ultrafine) coated with metals do not (or very slightly induce) a secretion of cytokines superior to that induced by uncoated particles. On the contrary, effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) adsorbed on particles surface depends on its size. Comparison between the effects of PAHs alone and those adsorbed on particles, showed that ultrafine particles potentiate PAH effects. Particle size appears to be the most determining parameter in the modulation of cytokines secretion. Ultrafine particles, characterized by a strong oxidizing potential, also induce an oxidative stress in vitro. They lead to the formation of a lipid peroxidation product, the HNE which is a mediator of the oxidative stress. However, HNE does not mime the oxidative stress induced by ultrafine particles
Piriou, Vincent. "Interactions entre l'isoflurane et un activateur des canaux Katp (le nicorandil) : effets sur l'hémodynamique et sur la cardioprotection." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO1T088.
Full textBENKRIMA, LAILA. "Agents chimiques d'hybridation chez le ble tendre (triticum aestivum. L. ) : relations structure-fonctions, effets cytologiques sur la microsporogenese, influences sur l'androgenese in vitro." Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA112267.
Full textBourgarel-Rey, Véronique. "Microtubules et transduction du signal : étude des effets des agents anti-microtubules sur la régulation de l'oncogène c-myc." Aix-Marseille 2, 2000. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/PHA_2000_1538.pdf.
Full textPedeboscq, Stéphane. "Etude in vitro des effets cytotoxiques et apoptotiques induits par divers agents anticancéreux sur cultures cellulaires de glioblastomes humains." Bordeaux 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR21493.
Full textGlioblastoma multiforme is a malignant astrocytic tumor with median survival of about 12 months. Despite advances in surgical techniques and in the development of new protocols in radio- and chemotherapy, the prognosis remains poor and new therapeutic strategies are required. Therefore, we developed an in vitro model able to evaluate anticancer drug toxicity on cells obtained from individual glioblastoma patients. Anticancer agents tested were from different pharmacological classes alkylating agents (temozolomide, carboplatin and BCNU), tyrosine kinase inhibitor of EGFR (geftinib) and proteasome inhibitor (bortezomib). A cytotoxicity test using MTT was used to evaluate in vitro drug efficacy. Apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry using a fluorescent probe TMRM. EGFR and bcl-2 expressions were determined by a western blotting technique. On glioblastoma DBTRG05-MG cell line expressing high levels of EGFR, our results show a potentiation of temozolomide and carboplatin cytotoxity by the anti-EGFR grftinib. This is not observed on U87-MG cell line which do not express EGFR. Bortezomib shows a great toxicity on the two cell lines, at very low concentrations. The primary culture model permits to determine individual response for each patient, shows interindividual differences between patients and allow us to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of new molecules. Then, we could establish a correlation between the in vitro data determined with our study model and the clinical efficacy evaluated in the patient file. EGFR and bcl-2 status were assessed on each primoculture leading us to determinz a good and bad responder profile
Beraud, Valérie. "Influence des agents tensioactifs sur les réactions de nitration anodique et d'hydrogénation électrocatalytique de composés organiques en phase aqueuse." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10166.
Full textLequy, Emeline. "Dépôts atmosphériques particulaires sur les écosystèmes forestiers de la moitié Nord de la France : influence sur les cycles biogéochimiques." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0277/document.
Full textQuantifying the little-known inputs of atmospheric particulate deposition (APD) is critically important for a sustainable management of forest ecosystems. Indeed, harvesting and subsequent nutrient losses are going to increase so as to meet the demand in renewable energy, including fuel-wood. This work aims at filling this gap by (i) describing the deposition rate, mineralogical and chemical compositions of APD and (ii) evaluating the influence of APD nutrient inputs on forest biogeochemical cycles. To do so, 4 beech stands in North French forests were equipped for a 4-week sampling. After a metrological development, samplers out of and below canopy were used for a 2-year sampling, as well as methods to separate APD from atmospheric dissolved deposition. These methods were conceived to separate the organic and mineral fractions of APD according to the conceptual model designed in this work. My results validated this model and indicated (i) a quite constant deposition rate of 19±3 kg.ha-1.year-1 of hardly soluble minerals over the North of France, made of various minerals suggesting heterogeneous sources of particles, (ii) nutrient inputs inferior to those of atmospheric dissolved deposition and soil weathering, but improving ecosystem fertility, (iii) an interception effect of the canopy, and (iv) the dissolution of mineral particles in the atmosphere which enriched atmospheric dissolved deposition in nutrients. Extending and optimizing the sampling would allow confirming and clarifying these results, especially concerning high atmospheric load periods and APD below canopy
Fernandes, de Medeiros Indira Aritana. "Nanostructuration de ferrites de cobalt CoxFe3-xO4 : Effets sur la catalyse et la détection de gaz polluants." Thesis, Toulon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUL0007/document.
Full textDifferent synthesis methods such as hydrothermal, solvothermal and thermal decomposition were developed to control nanoparticles shape and composition. The influence of synthesis parameters such as the nature of surfactants, the solvents, temperature and time of synthesis were also investigated. The powders were characterized by X-ray Diffraction and Transmission Electron Microscopy coupled with Dispersive Energy Spectroscopy. The catalytic and detection properties were evaluated in presence of CO and NO2 in synthetic air. CoxFe3-xO4 (x = 1, 1.5 ) nanooctahedra with 15-20 nm were produced by hydrothermal synthesis using different surfactants (CTAB, SDS and PVP). Nanocubes of CoFe2O4 were successfully obtained by solvothermal synthesis using oleylamine as surfactant. Nanooctahedra of CoxFe3-xO4 with x = 1.5 have higher activity for the CO conversion than those with x=1, and the conversion starts at lower temperature for the nanocubes. The nanocubes show lower sensitivity for the detection of NO2 than the nanooctahedra which indicates that the {111} faces are more reactive than the {100} ones in cobalt ferrites nanoparticles
Ha, Anh Tung. "Effets des agents interfaciaux copolymères tribloc sur le comportement en rupture et en écoulement du mélange de polystyrène/caoutchouc-éthylène-propylène." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 2000.
Find full textHa, Anh Tung. "Effets des agents interfaciaux copolymères tribloc sur le comportement en rupture et en écoulement du mélange de polystyrène/caoutchouc-éthylène-propylène." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1999. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1094.
Full textRey, Jean-Pierre. "Etude de quelques effets du comportement du manager sur les conduites de jeunes joueurs et joueuses de hand-ball : une approche quasi-expérimentale." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990CLF21508.
Full textGilles, Nicolas. "Effets pharmacologiques des toxines de type alpha de scorpion sur les canaux sodiques de l'insecte et du mammifère." Paris 5, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA05P601.
Full textBieder, A. "Etude des effets de certaines cytokines et de certains agents immunomodulateurs sur la prise de greffes de moelle semiallogeniques dans un modele murin." Lille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL2M331.
Full textAubert, Vivien. "Lésions d'ischémie-reperfusion rénale en transplantation : modélisation par agents des effets de l’oxygénation sur la dynamique cellulaire-tissulaire de l'inflammation et de la fibrose." Thesis, Poitiers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015POIT1405/document.
Full textIn renal preservation-transplantation, ischemia-reperfusion (IR) causes graft inflammation and fibrosis, dysfunction and loss. Events involved in IR injury grow identified, but their intricacy hampers prediction and therapeutics. Based on a detailed bibliographical analysis, we propose an Agent-Based Model of renal response to IR injury at cell and tissue levels, created with the modeling tool NetLogo.First, we develop and validate a dynamic model of the oxygenation of the renal cortex, featuring blood perfusion, oxygen diffusion, and oxygen consumption (driven by sodium filtered load and transport). We then adapt this model to oxygen steady-state, and PO2 level is coupled to energetic status (ATP) in epithelial and endothelial cells (aerobic and anaerobic pathways). Cell viability is coupled to ATP level, leading to a semi-phenomenological representation of repair/survival versus apoptosis/necrosis. Finally, we explore (and verify) cell and tissue fate during simulated IR sequences, with the gradual addition of key elements of inflammation (leukocytes infiltration, injury signals, phagocytosis) and fibrosis (fibroblasts, collagen). Model evolution toward the resolution of inflammation/tissue regeneration or toward tissue fibrosis is observed along imposed conditions (duration/intensity, ischemia vs hypoxemia). Results are compared to experiments from our laboratory.This construction is the first model of the effects of oxygenation on cell-tissue dynamics during renal inflammation-fibrosis response to IR. Ultimately, it will allow to address clinical and therapeutic aspects of renal transplantation and conservation
Guyader, Olivier. "Evaluation economique et simulation des effets des regulations sur le comportement des agents : le cas des pecheries de thon germon de l'atlantique nord est." Rennes 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998REN11015.
Full textBEIGNEUX, ANNE. "Role du tnf dans les reactions inflammatoires en reponse a des agents bacteriens in vivo et in vitro. Effets directs sur la cellule hepatique." Paris 11, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA112389.
Full textCléren, Carine. "Effets de la L-DOPA, du piribédil et de l'inhibition du VMAT2 sur la neurotoxicité induite par le MPP+ ou la 6-OHDA, chez le rongeur." Rouen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ROUES036.
Full text6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)and 1-methyl-4-phenylpiridinium (MPP+) are two neurotoxins which injected in mice, induce marked lesions (>50%)of nigro-striatal dopaminergic neurons, thus constituting murine models of Parkinson's disease. In human, L-DOPA remains the best symptomatic treatment of this disease. We observed that an acute injection of L-DOPA in mice, worsened 6-OHDA induced toxicity while it prevented MPP+ induced toxicity. Contrary to 6-OHDA, MMP+ did not damage hypothalamic noradrenergic neurons
Binter, Anne-Claire. "Effets de l’exposition prénatale aux neurotoxiques sur le fonctionnement du cerveau de l’enfant évalué par imagerie cérébrale." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1B052.
Full textAbstract: The vulnerability of the developing brain to its environment is well known in the literature. Some cognitive and behavioral alterations observed after prenatal exposure to glycol ethers and organophosphate insecticide suggest a possible impairment of executive functions. In particular, we suspected an alteration of the inhibitory control, a predictor of academic performance or tendency to risky behaviors in adulthood. Therefore, better understanding these effects appears as a key issue of public health. We aimed at investigating the effects of prenatal exposure to glycol ethers and organophosphate insecticides on the child’s brain function evaluated by cerebral imaging. This work is based on the data of the mother-child PELAGIE cohort. The longitudinal follow-up allowed to measure with biomarkers the exposure to neurotoxicants during pregnancy. We used a Go/No-Go task and functional MRI to assess the inhibitory control and its neural mechanisms in children aged 10-12 years. Our results suggest that inhibitory control may be altered after prenatal exposure to these contaminants. However, some of our findings about glycol ethers were unexpected regarding existing literature and showed little consistency, preventing us to conclude to a significant effect on the developing brain. Then, we suggested that the frontal cortex, involved in inhibition network, may be a specific target of organophosphates
Mahéo, Karine. "Effets de deux agents chimioprotecteurs, l'oltipraz et le sulforaphane, sur l'expression des cytochromes p-450 et des glutathion transferases hepatiques en situation normale et inflammatoire." Rennes 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998REN10047.
Full textBortolami, Giovanni. "Impact des agents pathogènes sur le bilan hydrique et carboné de la vigne : conséquences pour le dépérissement de la vigne." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021BORD0114.
Full textPerennial plant dieback is an increasing and complex phenomenon. Perennial plants experience many interacting stressing events leading to final plant mortality. These interactions, and how they may change regarding climatic conditions and plant physiological status, are key in understanding the dieback process. Although dieback events are increasing worldwide, the knowledge on the dieback mechanisms are scarce, given the many technical challenges in studying complex interactions. In this thesis, we studied the interaction between two stresses frequently experienced by grapevines, one of the most important perennial crops: drought and esca (a vascular disease). Esca is a disease in which there are many competing hypotheses regarding its pathogenesis. One of the main hypothesis is that leaf symptoms and plant death are caused by hydraulic failure in xylem vessels. For this reason, drought is thought to contribute synergistically with esca to grapevine dieback. In this context, this thesis has primarily explored the hydraulic failure hypothesis during esca pathogenesis. We found that during leaf symptom expression both leaves and stems suffer from hydraulic failure causing (on average) 69% loss of hydraulic conductance in midribs, 55% in petioles, and 30% in stems. Differing from classical air embolism during drought, we observed that hydraulic failure during esca was caused by the presence of plant-derived vascular occlusions (i.e. tyloses and gels) produced at a distance from the pathogen niche in the trunk. After this discovering, we explored the interaction between esca and drought, subjecting naturally infected plants to drought. We found that drought totally inhibits esca leaf symptoms, as none of the plants under water deficit (at ΨPD ≈ -1MPa for three months) expressed leaf symptoms in two consecutive seasons. At the same time, in order to understand the interaction between esca and drought, we recorded the whole-plant water relations and carbon economy of grapevine under both stresses. We highlight the distinct physiology behind these two stresses, indicating that esca and drought present different underlying mechanisms, and induce different plant responses and physiological consequences. Esca (and subsequent stomatal conductance decline) does not result from decreases in water potential, and generates different gas exchange and non-structural carbohydrate seasonal dynamics compared to drought. Finally, we observed that esca affected the recorded plant physiology only seasonally, and not over the long-term. This thesis highlights the importance in finding the physiological thresholds triggering the different interactions during plant dieback. Together, the results open new scientific and agronomical perspectives on plant-pathogen-environment interactions and vineyard sustainability
Ismaeil, Ibrahim. "Effets d’un stress thermique chaud sur les traits de vie et le succès parasitaire du parasitoïde de pucerons Aphidius ervi (Aphidiidae), agent de lutte biologique." Amiens, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AMIE0105.
Full textNatural populations are commonly exposed to fluctuations of temperature and poikilothermic organisms such as insects are particularly sensitive to such variations which can represent potential stresses, ultimately affecting their life history traits and their overall fitness. The present study focused on the solitary endoparasitoid Aphidius ervi Haliday (Hymenoptera: Braconidae Aphidiidae), an efficient biological control agent commercially used against aphids such as the potato aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas (Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae). We here evaluated the effects of mild heat stresses (at 25°C or 28°C, applied for either 1h or 48h) on young adults of A. Ervi and on the fitness of their first generation (F1) progeny. Only heat stresses of 48h had a strong impact on the wasps’ mortality while all treatments reduced the male longevity. Heat-stresses applied to A. Ervi parents also had consequences on their F1 progeny whose developmental time, rate of mummification and success of parasitism were negatively affected. Surprisingly, the fecundity of the F1 female progeny was increased when their mother had been submitted to a mild heat stress of 25°C. The increased fecundity of the F1 female progeny is suggested to result from a homeostatic, hormesis-like effect implying trans-generational phenotypic plasticity, thus illustrating the complexity of insect responses, and underlying mechanisms, to fluctuating conditions of their natural environment. Such phenomenon is believed to be adaptive as organisms with the induced phenotype are expected to experience a greater fitness
Le, Pen Gwenaëlle. "Effet de traitements chroniques par des agents toxicomanogènes sur les propriétés appétitives et sur les effets stimulants moteurs de la cocaïne et d'un inhibiteur sélectif de la capture de dopamine, le GBR12783." Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUES021.
Full textFernandez, Maria. "Effets toxiques, génotoxiques et tératogènes engendrés par des agents physiques et des polluants hydriques chez l'amphibien Pleurodeles waltl : [thèse en partie soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux]." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30167.
Full textCzuly, Christophe. "Les effets de la pleine conscience sur la performance, la satisfaction au travail et l’intention de quitter des commerciaux : Une étude empirique." Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTD012.
Full textMindfulness is a meta-skill that can be developed through the practice of meditation. The concept does not appear in the literature on business performance, although some studies are beginning to show its effectiveness on work positives behaviors. In the first part, we propose a conceptual model and assumptions of the effects of mindfulness on certain behaviors of value creation by salespeople. To define these behaviors, we conducted a literature review in management and marketing of customer experience, value co-creation, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. In a second part, we test our model in two quantitative studies. A first study was carried out with a sample of 233 apprentice salespeople. The second study is an experimentation performed with a sample of 123 salespeople practitioners and non- practitioners of mindfulness meditation. Our results show that in a favourable ethical climate, mindfulness has significant positive effects on performance, job satisfaction and a decrease in the intention to leave. Our experimentation shows that mindfulness meditation has an effect on the level of mindfulness, creativity, job satisfaction and intention to leave. The ethical climate also shows a strong moderating effect of the effects of mindfulness on performance in the first study and the experimentation based on a multi-group analysis. Exploratory, and variance analyses were performed using the software SPSS. Confirmatory and multi-group analysis were performed using the software SmartPLS2.0 with the structural equation modeling method
Declerck, Louise. "Influence de forçages anthropiques sur la circulation atmosphérique du niveau géopotentiel 500 hPa et sur la diffusion et les concentrations de polluants sur la région Nord-Pas-de-Calais au XXIème siècle." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10122/document.
Full textThe growth of human activities causes significant emissions of gaseous and particulate species in the atmosphere. Greenhouse gases contribute to increase the average global temperature, it’s called anthropogenic forcing. This temperature increase modifies the various components of the Earth’s climate system. In this thesis, the atmosphere is our topic of interest. The objective of this thesis is to answer two questions on a multidisciplinary basis: (1) can anthropogenic radiative forcing influences atmospheric circulation and more specifically, its variability? (2) And can it affects the spatial distribution of pollutants? This work is based on the comparison of two periods: one from 1960 to 1989 representing the climate without scenarios forcing; the other from 2070 to 2099 considering different scenarios of anthropogenic forcing. The first step is to characterize the atmospheric circulation variability, in wintertime, from the 500 hPa geopotential height at North Atlantic and European scale. The main structures of variability we studied are the so-called modes of variability and weather regimes. In our study, the scenarios do not change their structure in space but rather their frequency of occurrence and mean residence time. The second step concerns modeling of air quality over the French Northern region. Analysis of simulations reveals that actual and future concentrations of particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide increase, but no direct correlation between changes of variability modes and spatial distribution of pollutants is detected