Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Effets des innovations sur le'
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Côté, François. "Effet technologique sur les parts relatives de marché d'exportation." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 1998.
Find full textSoil, Christophe. "Essays on organizations and technological progress." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211096.
Full textSaafi, Sami. "Effets des innovations technologiques sur l'emploi industriel : essai d'analyse à partir du cas tunisien." Phd thesis, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00872661.
Full textCappeau, Guy. "Incidence de l'innovation technologique sur la composition des groupes de négociations." Lyon 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO33014.
Full textMusolesi, Antonio. "Innovation, R & D et productivité : Analyse théorique et empirique sur données de panel macroéconomiques dans le cas de seize pays de l'OCDE et sur données d'entreprises dans le cas des activités de service en France." Nice, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NICE0046.
Full textThat innovation and diffusion of technology drives long run productivity growth is by now commonly accepted. The crucial question is how. At the macroeconomic level, following an influential literature, we try to determine if trade promotes knowledge flows and technology transmission between trading partners. We obtain mixed results. At the microeconomic level, we analyse how knowledge diffusion, innovation and productivity are related both in a static, both in a dynamic framework.
Autant-Bernard, Corinne. "Géographie de l'innovation et externalités locales de connaissance : une étude sur données françaises." Saint-Etienne, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STETT059.
Full textBradesi, Sylvie. "Influence des hormones sexuelles sur la réponse neuro-immunitaire impliquée dans les altérations de la sensibilité viscérale liées au stress." Toulouse 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU30130.
Full textLabarthe-Piol, Benjamin. "L'impact d'internet sur l'industrie du disque : vers un nouveau régime de croissance." Paris 9, 2005. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2005PA090029.
Full textThis thesis demonstrates that the Internet is responsible for a new growth cycle, which we define as an industrial reorganization caused by a technological breakthrough. This technological breakthrough being responsible for two simultaneous phenomenons: a breakup in the market growth path and the entry of new firms due to lower barriers to entry. We show that the Internet plays a part in the records sales crisis. It also shows that it allows for a decrease in search costs, which consequently lower promotional barriers to entry. We study that new industry organization by showing the changes in the value chain. The traditional business models are being overturned and the value creation is moving downstream the value chain. This reorganization also breaks the copyright equilibrium between incentives to create and the need to permit diffusion of knowledge. Economic answers to bring back that equilibrium are then discussed
Laval, Sylvie. "Journalisme dans les conflits armés : les incidences de la technologie sur les pratiques professionnelles." Bordeaux 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR30056.
Full textThe study deals about wars in which western countries are involved, from the Vietnam war (1962-1973) to the Afghanistan war (2001). The purpose is to analyse the influence of data keeping up, processing and transmission tools over professional pratices of different type of journalists (television, radio, agency, written press). The tools have been miniaturized and the number of their functions has increased. The way the journalist are connected with physical environment has changed. The relations with the actors of their social environment, population, armed forces, editorial staff have also changed. The production process is now different due to this evolution and to circulation of information speeding up. The profession suffers from structural transformations
Villani, Tiziana. "Corps, territoires et technologies : essai sur le temps des transformations." Paris 12, 2004. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002234970204611&vid=upec.
Full textBody and territory share a common and singular condition; that of becoming suspended between persistance of the past and solicitations from a present-future radically overrun by new technologies. In the present day and age the level of complexity and variation reached by the processes of transformation, engaged above all by new technologies, call for a change in paradigm. Altogether analogously to the government of bodies, the government of territory must also be explored like an environment, a plural and complex tissue crossed by relations that are infinite and changing. This is why the aim of the present project is to deal with only some of the crisis zones. The first chapter essentially refers to the metamorphosis of the urban in relation to the cybernetic revolution and to the new hierarchies engendered by the ongoing contradictory process of dematerialisation. The second chapter is mainly devoted to analysing the mythologeme of technique and the way it tends to modify the styles and practices of everyday life. The third chapter circumscribes analysis to what has been currently defined as new metropolitan fears which set the plan for existence and life in terms of the space of risk. Such risk determines a whole series of considerations connected with it: security systems, systems of assurance, organisation of new control devices. The last chapter brings these various issues together interpreting them in the light of the opposition between geophilosophy and geopolitics, between “other spaces” and the spaces of total control and homologation. To understand territory in its bodily expression enables one to identify central nodes that cannot abstract from the processes of subjectivazation forming the geography of territory and not just a catalogue
Rivière, Arnaud. "Les effets des stratégies d'enrichissement de produits sur la valeur perçue d'un bien complexe : une application au secteur automobile." Thesis, Tours, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOUR1006/document.
Full textIn order to increase the perceived value of their offerings, companies can implement product enhancement strategies, consisting in adding new attributes to existing products. However, a literature review and an exploratory qualitative survey highlight that these marketing strategies are not always effective to improve the attractiveness of a complex product. To clarify the consequences of these innovation policies on perceived value of a product, an experiment has been carried out in the car industry. According to the results, a new attribute can only generate an additional emotional value. In contrast to this value creation, it may cause, in some cases, a decrease of the social or economic product value. Some of these effects can be explained by the perceived price and the perceived functional advantage of the added attribute. However, the perceived learning costs of the new feature don’t seem to be able to act, on the whole, on the process of enhanced complex product valuation
Gérard-Prenveille, Laura. "Dynamiques de l'investissement et du chômage dans un modèle de négociations salariales : une étude sur données françaises (1975-1997)." Rennes 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REN10006.
Full textSabbado, da Rosa Laura. "Le pôle de compétitivité Arve Industries : les effets sur la dynamique partenariale des PME locales." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENG018/document.
Full textCompetitiveness clusters have been established since 2006 and represent a political initiative by the French government to aid businesses and regions and thus improve France’s position in the realm of international economic competition. The goal is to reinforce the industrial fabric in certain regions via a substantial injection of public funds invested in projects linked with innovation and internationalization of enterprises. This dissertation studies the impact of the creation of the “Arve Industries” competitiveness cluster and in particular, the degree of implication of local SMEs in this collective, innovating activity. From a theoretical stand point, we call upon approaches addressing territorial economies due to the intrinsically territorial nature of competitiveness clusters, as well as studies focusing on strategic networks. Harnessing these two perspectives, proximity is presented as an important factor at the root of cooperative interactions between the involved actors (businesses, laboratories and universities) in the technological field. From a technological stand point, this work combines a qualitative exploratory approach based on semi-directive interviews with 22 SME owners and 6 organizations that support local industry, and a quantitative approach based on 68 usable questionnaires. The nature of relationships between SMEs in competitiveness clusters are also studied in terms of cooperation, competition and knowledge sharing
Lourimi, Sofiène. "Les intéractions stratégiques des entreprises et leurs effets sur la construction d'avantages compétitifs : les enseignements tirés du cluster francilien de l'optique-photonique." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA111027.
Full textLe, Capitaine Catherine. "L'impact des nouvelles identités professionnelles des femmes sur les identités syndicales : le cas du Mouvement Desjardins au Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26058/26058_1.pdf.
Full textMendome, Ntoma Max. "Transformations des pratiques d’information des jeunes français de 15-25 ans à l’ère numérique : impact des innovations technologiques sur les jeunes." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0331/document.
Full textThis thesis on the analysis of information practices among the young population in France aims to show how their habits in research and information consumption (Journalistic) have evolved, have been transformed and modified with digital means. This is also a comparative study of the uses of means of access to information, establishing a contrast between so-called traditional media (television, radio and the printed press) and Internet. In this sense, much of our thinking is to try to know and understand how young people take ownership of the web as a communicative tool in a global comparison with other media. Does Digital information has caused a change in the information practices in everyday life? Our research has identified some changes in youth information practices: most of the information consumption is through Internet; they tend to neglect reading the newspapers in favour of online media because the information is there massively Free; Research and consumption of alternative news sites remain an extremely minority practice; The information practices of young people tend to mix entertainment and humorous topical information. Ultimately, this thesis has clarified the relation of youth to information, the way they inform online through digital media. It also helped to refute the idea that young people are no longer interested in news and politics. On the contrary, free information on the web, the ease and new ways of presenting information (entertainment news) have greatly expanded the ability of young people to know how the world around them
Rekik, Sabrine. "Innovation technologique : mesure, valorisation et effets sur les performances financières et opérationnelles des entreprises." Thesis, Paris 9, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA090067.
Full textTechnological innovation is considered as a key element in the knowledge-based economies, where the share of intangible assets continues to grow significantly. The development of innovation is enhanced mainly in the purpose of value creation and the obtaining of a competitive advantage. Nevertheless, innovating is a long process where the lag between the investments in Research and Development (R&D) activities, considered as its input, and the obtaining of a valuable output, often estimated by the patent application, is large. The long character is emphasized by the uncertainty and the riskiness of the process which are at the root of important problems of information asymmetry between investors and the insiders. This dissertation studies the impact of intangible investments on the financial performance of companies in Europe. Therefore, we use a unique database of European patents and suggest a set of qualitative measures to innovation, based on the patents’ attributes. Moreover, this thesis estimates the market value of intangibles as measured by the R&D expenses, the patent applications but also the qualitative attributes. In this framework, we construct a composite quality index of innovation in order to better estimate its private economic value. The increasing lag between financial and book values in the presence of R&D investments leads us to undertake a causal study of innovation on the financial performance of companies. We suggest our composite index as non-financial metric to predict the future earnings and examine the effect of R&D on the growth and volatility of future operating incomes
Heckel, Thomas. "Effets de l'informatisation sur la productivité et la demande de capital humain." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00139396.
Full textLe premier article montre de façon comptable que l'utilisation et la production des TIC ont fortement contribué à la croissance dans les années 90 en France.
Le deuxième article propose une nouvelle méthode pour évaluer l'effet de l'informatisation sur la demande de capital humain. Celle ci est fondée sur l'estimation de la fonction de production et permet de traiter plus facilement les problèmes d'endogénéité. Elle conduit néanmoins à des résultats très imprécis.
Le troisième article examine l'effet des TIC sur la productivité. Les résultats suggèrent que l'adoption d'Internet affecterait la croissance de la productivité globale des facteurs dans les années 90 en France, via un effet sur l'efficacité des femmes et des employés qualifiés.
Le dernier article évalue l'effet de l'adoption des TIC sur la demande de capital humain. Il indique que les entreprises qui ont adopté ces technologies n'ont pas déplacé leur demande de travail en faveur des jeunes ou des qualifiés. Selon ces deux articles, l'impact des TIC ne dépendrait pas de l'utilisation ou de l'adoption de nouvelles pratiques organisationnelles.
Montmartin, Benjamin. "Essais sur la rationalité, les effets et l'efficacité des aides publiques à la R&D privée." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00935645.
Full textFotso, Ruben. "Evaluation quantitative des politiques d'innovation fondées sur les relations science-industrie : cas des instituts de recherche technologique rhônalpins." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSES037.
Full textThis thesis aims to evaluate and analyse the direct and indirect effects of the Rhône-Alpes Technological Research Institutes (IRTs), which are one of the innovation policy devices based on science-industry transfers, created in France as pait of the Future Investment Programme. By applying a difference-in-difference model combined with matching methods, the results show a direct positive effect on turnover and financial autonomy and indicate that this effect varies according to the duration of participation and the type of assistance received. In addition, the type of assistance would play a more important role than the duration of treatment in the effectiveness of TRis. The results also indicate that the TRI had positive indirect effects on turnover, financial autonomy and the share of executives of non-directly beneficiary SMEs but located in the treated area and that these effects do not appear immediately after the treatment but a few years later. In addition, this research work assesses and analyses the direct effects of TRis by focusing on the R&D performance of large companies. Using the random trend model and the synthetic control model, the results of the first model indicate that participation in TRis has had an additional direct effect on total net R&D expenditures and that these expenditures are largely self-financed and used outside the company through collaborations and outsourcing. The results of the second model show that a single company has almost systematic effects on all R&D performance indicators
Bibalou-Bagere, Bertille. "Effets des nouvelles technologies de l'information et de la communication sur la transformation des activités, missions et fonctions des cadres." Amiens, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AMIE0005.
Full textLossio-Baudin, de la Valette Claudia. "L'investissement direct étranger à Cuba : dynamiques de développement dans un système socialiste contraint de s'appuyer sur les lois du marché." Paris 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA020002.
Full textLakssissar, Ahmed. "Les effets de la proximité sur les relations technologiques : une identification empirique à l'aide de l'économétrie des données de panel, le cas des entreprises françaises." Aix-Marseille 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX32047.
Full textOttaviano, Nancy. "Architectes-urbanistes 2.0 : enquête ethnographique sur une pratique de concepteurs de la ville à venir : des promesses du numérique à une innovation en situation." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100019.
Full textAs contemporary architects and urbanists embrasse a large variety of practices, how does the rise of digital technologies in the civilian society affects their field ? Based on an ethnographic inquiry, this research questions the role of technics and technologies within the conception process of the city of tomorrow. Office of architecture and urbanism, digital start-up, independent research laboratory and a non-profit organisation frame the actions of a small team of designers. Following their paths, an analytical description reveals the impact of the linear innovation process scheme. Starting with theoretical works the interlocutors move to a collaborative R&D intended to be operational through visualizations tests and prototype and then to the realization of an innovative product : a digital application based on the principles of « open innovation » and designed to be used in the city making process. The analysis shows how the designers make sense of what they do on a daily basis and across the years, how they recurrently question their practice to legitimate their work. Going from the idea of producing a universal index score of the urban quality of life later, they actively promote what they call « collaborative urbanism » which is to be fulfilled using the tool they designed. The text shows how designers poach on various fields of knowledge and use « intellectual technologies » to manipulate numbers, datas, informations, models and pictures. The status and roles given to theses non-human things variate to follow the developments of their practice as a whole. From being scientific and objective to the use of metaphors, the interlocutors go from a virtual view of the city to a re-localized point of view. Keeping their favorite domain of scrutiny, they operate a conceptual U-turn: from datas to project on the model of a city to a city made of datas awaiting to be unveiled, thus going from prediction to innovation. Observed in context, the role of technology, its way of dealing with time and space, meet the various actors of city making processes, unveiling the fragile assemblage to be made between a simulated and stimulated future to a shared and concrete one
Yasenzia, Yangunyo Chantal Princesse. "Structural transformation out of manufacturing : evidence of push and pull effects." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26344.
Full textThis paper examines the factors driving structural transformation, or worker reallocation, from manufacturing to services using a sample of 45 countries. As suggested by the general equilibrium model developed in this work, examining the trends in the relative price of services to manufacturing goods allows us to identify two main engines of structural transformation: a labor pull and a labor push effect. In the case of the United States, for example, the “pull” channel dominates before 1953, meaning that it is higher technological growth in services which is “pulling” workers to move out of manufacturing and into services. The “push” channel is the main engine at work since 1953, suggesting that it is instead higher technological growth in manufacturing which is “pushing” workers towards the services sector. A cross-country analysis over the 1970-2011 period also suggests periods of dominance of both channels for a handful of other countries analyzed.
Ghazali, Monia. "Impact de l'ouverture commerciale dans les pays en développement sur les inégalités de salaires entre travailleurs qualifiés et non qualifiés : cas de la Tunisie." Paris 9, 2009. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2009PA090066.
Full textThis work aims to explore the mechanisms linking the Tunisian trade liberalization process to wage inequality between skilled and unskilled workers. The first study performs a preliminary descriptive analysis. Stylised facts on trade liberalization process and skilled-unskilled wage differentials are presented. The analysis reveals a widening of the wage gap after the implementation of trade liberalization reforms in 1986. This trend is particularly noticeable over the second half of the 1980s as well as after 2000, periods exhibiting a significant decline of the rate of trade protection. The second study attempts to identify, using panel data, the nature of the relationship between trade liberalization and wage inequality over the period 1975-2002. Regression results confirm the positive and statistically significant impact of trade openness on relative wages. The third study confirms the existence of a trade-induced technological change that contributes to increase the relative demand for skilled workers, over the period 1998-2002. The fourth study attempts to empirically explore the effects of trade liberalization process in Tunisia on average real wages and wage inequality, via industry rents. Results point out that skilled labour was more able than unskilled labour to capture rents before trade reforms. Therefore, the reduction of rents appears to have reduced wage inequality between skilled and unskilled labour, over the period 1998-2002 in Tunisia
Berthélemy, Michel. "L'économie de l'énergie nucléaire : quatre essais sur le rôle de l'innovation et de l'organisation industrielle." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00875147.
Full textSchrepel, Thibault. "L’innovation prédatrice sur les marchés des nouvelles technologies : analyses croisées en droit européen et nord-américain de la concurrence." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV123.
Full textInnovation is often discussed in antitrust law. Predatory innovation is less considered. Perhaps it is because predatory innovation is considered euphemistic: innovation is generally seen as being predatory by nature insofar as its objective is the creation or improvement of an existing product in order to surpass the product -another. Perhaps it is because studying innovation and its mechanisms is often described as a complex exercise. Perhaps it is because the rapid development of high-tech markets, in Europe and in the United States, was accompanied by a doctrinal movement, which preached the need to remove antitrust laws. Perhaps, finally, since court and competition authorities have only minimally termed predatory innovation, this has led the doctrine to devote minimal studies, thus resulting in the limiting of its use by courts and competition authorities.Recognizing the existence of predatory innovation is one of the great necessities of the early 21st century regarding antitrust law. Predatory innovation practices occur regularly and aim at removing the compatibility of third party technologies with those of a dominant firm or at impairing the functioning of competing technologies. As of today, antitrust law provides no answer to these strategies. The stakes are high; the concept of predatory innovation – which we define as the alteration of one or more technical elements of a product to limit or eliminate competition – is currently ignored and/or misunderstood greatly.This thesis focuses on European and North American antitrust laws because their roots are homologous and these countries represent the highest GDP in the world. With predatory innovation practices frequently implemented on several continents at once, overarching rules need to be extended to several legal systems.The regime we exhibit is organized around two main stages:The first implies to reject every related per se rule because they do not meet the new challenges met by antitrust law. Only the diligent implementation of a structured rule of evaluation organized around three filters will ensure appropriate decisions and the elimination of requests for which no antitrust issues are envisaged.Once evaluated by the three filters, an improved test of no economic sense must then be applied to all practices which have theoretical anti-competitive effects and determined fit to be further analyzed. This test, which specifically condemns anti-competitive practices, is a simplification of currently unreadable antitrust law and when applied will lead to the elimination of type I and type II errors. A new study – based on the proposed test – of the most notorious European and North American predatory innovation cases illustrates its effectiveness.The second addresses sanctions – or remedies – to predatory innovation practices. It appears that respecting the strategic choice of companies in terms of interoperability should be recognized as an immutable principle. Also, negotiated procedures shall not be systematized and the development of "soft law" must take a new direction aiming at supporting highly innovative companies
Garnotel, Guillaume. "Causes et conséquences sur la performance de l'entreprise de l'introduction d'incitations financières dans les contrats de rémunération des dirigeants." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32080.
Full textCEO compensation is at the core of the debates on corporate governance. This research has opened two different areas of empirical inquiry to enrich this debate. In our first area of inquiry, we investigate the possibility for CEOs to take advantage of their power on the board to extract economic rents in the form of restricted shares and stock-options. Then, we test the impact of CEO equity incentives on firm performance. On the basis of a sample of 510 SBF120 firm-year, our results reject the rent extraction hypothesis. Then, our results suggest that CEO hold, on average, the optimal level of equity incentives enabling the maximization of performance. In our second area of empirical inquiry, we examine the performance consequences that follow the use of innovation measures in CEO bonus contracts. The results, drawn from a sample of S&P500 high technology firms and low technology firms, support the relevance of this compensation policy. Indeed, we observe that the proportion of firms which CEO bonuses have integrated an innovation measure is higher for high technology firms compared with low technology firms. Moreover, we find that high technology firms whose CEO bonus incorporates R&D measures perform better than firms which rely on other types of financial and non financial measures in defining the CEO bonus
Trépanier, Chantal. "Premiers effets de l'usage de iPad sur les systèmes d'activité d'élèves et de conseillers d'orientation en contexte d'alternance au secondaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30355/30355.pdf.
Full textThe study examines the initial impact of simultaneous integration of a co-op/work experience and the use of the iPad in a secondary regular education program. More specifically, student activity and guidance counsellor activity in this «connected school» are examined. This new learning model highlights the guidance counsellor’s input during the deployment of the FAST project (formation en alternance science-technologie) as well as the transformation of individual and group interventions in class. According to Engeström’s (1987) activity theory, contradictions have arisen during the analysis of student discourse with regard to the use they made of the tool and their perceptions of its affordances for their own learning. Seidel and Perez’s (1994) model has, in turn, help identify the level of exploitation of the iPad that students reached and revealed their sense of confidence towards the tool. Moreover, the presence of the digital tablet in their learning environment has encouraged them to behave in a favourable manner as well as seeded a need to learn differently. Key words: iPad, co-op/work experience (co-op/ internship experience), connected school, students, career (guidance) counsellor, Activity Theory, transformation, career (guidance) counselling practices, learning differently
Imikirene, Kamel. "Médiation et ressources sociales dans la création d’une spin-off universitaire : enquête exploratoire sur le processus d’incubation." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NAN22002/document.
Full textThe valorisation of university research, through the creation of high technology enterprise, is a new mission assigned to universities since the enactment of the 1999 law, known as Allègre law. Technology incubators, which are new hybrid structures, have appeared at the border of three radically different spheres: universities, businesses and governments. Their mission is to support and facilitate the marketing of technological innovations. However, because of the uncertain and hypothetical nature of innovations, they disrupt habits and routines of the industry. Incubation of these technology companies can not then be summarized to access to material resources but as has to be also considered as a negotiating process which gives legitimacy to inventions in order to be accepted by the market. We show that this process requires also access to social resources. Access of these new entrepreneurs to these resources is done mainly through social networks of the managers of the incubator, through mediation and intermediation. This mediation allows a transfer of trust, credibility and legitimacy. Accordingly, it generates a new network for the entrepreneur and facilitates its integration into the community of entrepreneurs
Desgagnés, Hélène. "Le choc technologique dans un modèle dynamique de petite économie ouverte : une approche bayésienne pour le cas canadien." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26677/26677.pdf.
Full textBeaulieu, Denise. "Développement fondé sur la connaissance : la contribution d'organisations non gouvernementales du Ghana." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26550/26550.pdf.
Full textPellerin, Mathieu. "The evolution of hourly compensation in Canada between 1980 and 2010." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26237.
Full textWe consider changes in the distribution of hourly compensation in Canada over the last three decades using confidential census data and the recent National Household Survey. We find that the coefficient of variation of wages among full-time workers has almost doubled between 1980 and 2010. The rapid growth of the 99.9th percentile is the main driver of that increase. Changes in the composition of the workforce explain less than 25% of the rise in wage inequality. However, composition changes explain most of the increase in average hourly compensation over those three decades, while wages stagnate within skill groups.
Cascioli, Fiammetta. "La performativité du MOOC sur les représentations de l’apprenant : le cas du parcours MOOCLead." Thesis, Paris, HESAM, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020HESAC010.
Full textMOOCs are innovative learning tools (Christensen, 2013), have an amplifying effect (Ceci, 2018) and have disrupted the world of in-company training (Karnouskos, 2017) On the basis of Cox's (2013) hypothesis, according to which digital technology allows the achievement of performativity on learner representations, research studies the performative impact of MOOC on the representations, "the world of descriptions" (Laurillard, 2002) of learners in companies. It thus analyses the dynamics of behavioural change and, consequently, managerial identities (Harding, 2003 cited by Aggeri, 2017). This work has thus made it possible to explain the key factors that enable the evolution of representations and the modification of behaviour in companies thanks to digital technology
David, Viviane. "Compréhension et prédiction des effets des substances chimiques sur la dynamique de population de l'épinoche à trois épines en mésocosme." Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IAVF0023.
Full textIn ecotoxicology, experiments in artificial ecosystems (mesocosms) are of a great interest because they allow to evaluate the direct and indirect effects of toxicants at different levels of biological organization such as individuals, populations and ecosystems. However, mesocosm experiments are characterized by a low statistical power and a high risk of not detecting differences between control (without contaminant) and contaminated mesocosms when there is one. In this context, individual-based models based on the dynamic energy budget theory have been suggested as relevant tools to improve the analysis of mesocosm experiment results. Thus, the objective of this phD was to develop an individual-based model simulating the three-spined stickleback population dynamics in artificial streams. The knowledge on the biological model used, the three-spined stickleback, as well as the use of several available datasets from mesocosm experiments with or without tested chemicals allowed us to develop this model. Our individual-based model was first developed, calibrated and evaluated on data from three-spined stickleback population dynamics in mesocosms in control conditions. In a second step, the model was applied to several case studies where different chemical substances were tested in mesocosms. Simulation results have shown that the individual-based modelling approach seems promising for improving current assessments of the effects of chemicals. Indeed, our model helped us to have a better understanding of the modes of action of toxicants and a relevant extrapolation of ecotoxicity data measured in the laboratory on organisms to the population level
Dussault, Michaël. "Processus de professionnalisation tout au long de la vie de conseillers et conseillères d’orientation expérimentés." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69703.
Full textThe general objective of this thesis is to analyze the process by which guidance and career counselors (CO) have experienced developing throughout their working lives, from a professionalization perspective (Uwamariya and Mukamurera, 2005). In recent years, the practice of guidance has evolved a lot in parallel with economic, social and technological transformations which in turn have given rise to new forms of organizations and work-related methods (Cuerrier and Locas, 2004; Mercure, 2018; Thwaites, 2004; Zawieja and Guarnieri, 2014). At the same time, these changes have given rise to a diversification of life courses and professional trajectories (Fournier, Poirel and Lachance, 2016). To adjust to this trend and offer services adapted to the needs of the individuals they support, the CO who participated in this research, as is the case for their colleagues, were invited to constantly renew their practice. in increasingly diverse practice contexts (Ordre des conseillers et conseillères d’orientation du Québec [OCCOQ], 2017). However, in the light of current scientific documentation (Bransford, Brown and Cocking, 2000; Carré and Charbonnier, 2003; Eraut, 2007; Jorro, 2014; Lefeuvre, Garcia and Namolovan, 2009; Marsick, 2006; Rønnestad, Orlinsky, Schröder, Skovholt and Willutzki, 2019), we find that it is still difficult to fully understand the way in which practitioners, and in particular CO, more concretely carry out these professionalization processes during their life course at work. Careful analysis of these writings, however, has made it possible to propose an original conceptualization of these types of process, which can be characterized by dynamic and interactive play between the following three fundamental components: the "actor" (or a practitioner), "the situations that 'it meets in particular environments' and its "activity" (Bourdoncle, 2000; Lefeuvre et al., 2009; Wittorski, 2009). Furthermore, there is little empirical research to better understand the situations that play a significant role in the professional development of practitioners. We also know very little about the learning that can result from these situations, as well as about the possible repercussions of this learning for activity and identity building throughout their professional life. These findings apply particularly to CO, if we consider the little documentation on the subject in the field of counseling and guidance (Cournoyer and Turcotte, 2016; Fournier et al., 2016; Holowiak-Urquhart and Taylor, 2005; Mellouki and Beauchemin, 1994a, 1994b; Osborn and Baggerly, 2004). In addition to the production of knowledge allowing a better understanding of this experience of professionalization, a more in-depth study of these situations and learning and of the role they play in their professional development could also serve as benchmarks for guidance and career counselors and for the training of the future practitioners. In order to examine the process of professionalization of experienced CO, this qualitative research borrows from a narrative / biographical approach (Creswell, 2013; Tochon and Miron, 2004). The sample consists of 30 experienced CO from the practice areas where they are usually found (OCCOQ, 2017). Firstly, the results obtained make it possible to draw up a detailed typology of the situations which played a significant role in the process of professionalization of the participants. The results also made it possible to identify the natures and functions of the learning resulting from the experience of these situations and which influenced their activity and the construction of their professional identity. Secondly, the data reveal that the interaction between these situations and these significant learning offers a relevant framework for understanding the professionalization process among experienced CO. Three typical professionalization profiles have been identified. The discussion then helps to clearly understand the contribution of this thesis for the advancement of knowledge and leads, in conclusion, to prospects for training and research.
Abdallah, Oussama. "La performance et la sous-évaluation des introductions en bourse : étude des déterminants et des effets de la cotation sur le marché Euronext Paris." Thesis, Paris 13, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA131040/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we present the effects of the IPO titles owned by the technology sector. Exploration which covers the period 1997-2008 according to a theorical positioning and development assumptions. We conclude with the empirical validation of our samples
Riviere, Arnaud. "Les effets des stratégies d'enrichissement de produits sur la valeur perçue d'un bien complexe. Une application au secteur automobile." Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00452334.
Full textZattoni, Olivier. "Cyberespace et paysage : regards croisés sur la ville et les environnements digitaux." Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE2041/document.
Full textThis research focuses on symbolic, artistic and representational issues linked to Web and connected systems, such as mobile phones and tablets. Because the screen, i.e. the monitor, is now considered in its mobility, it has to be perceived as a window opened toward the outside. However, the monitor also sketches a lanscape where cyberespace, beyond its logical nature, has to be combined with a reality that aftermath becomes fragmented and recomposed. This applies to the steps we spread while walking in the street, soon transcribed in data on our smartphone : from a simple walk to a track that edges into the city. In this context, city becomes a kind of text and digital artefacts participate to its rewriting, juxtaposing new maps. As city represents the fragmented and the multiple, cyberspace implies a vision of urbanity where man merges himself with technology in a specific way: virtual worlds, along with videogames, science-fiction litterature and movies bring us back to the cyberpunk movement, and before, with the ’shock’ of cities experienced during the modernity by Georg Simmel and Walter Benjamin. This chaos of senses, space and time which defines modern cities is also typical of a technological power that tends to lead the society. Far from orwellian visions, the current advanded technology, although it appears crossed by political, technological and social matters, has to be situated in the context of cybersensbility. Actually in this era of networks and mature technology stands a new vision of technology that implies new practices, new attempts, and makes the cybersensibility concept tangible, as it is opposed to a passive conception in the use of technologies
Mercier, Emanuel. "Stratégies de développement du capital humain dans un contexte d'innovation technologique une comparaison Québec, Ontario et Canada." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24822/24822.pdf.
Full textDuvernay, Daphné. "Approche communicationnelle de l'émergence et du développement de projets innovants : le cas de l'enseignement supérieur à distance en France et au Brésil. Dispositifs, médiations, pratiques." Toulon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUL0017.
Full textCommunication of change is the framework used to analyse the introduction of distance learning technologies withnin the organisations-institutions of the publis sector. The practices of change are led by collectives of grass-roots actors, university researchers, whereas in these large university institutions, change is traditionally led by strategic actors. A comparative international study conducted in French and Brazilian universities shows that practices of change, even if they are inferred by an international context, involve the structuring of the collective of grass-roots actors in an artefact-organization finalized around the new project. The actors thus engage in a strategy of communication, first to experiment change through an artefact-type of communication, the though an institutionalizing process. This search for recognition comes within the scope of an enlarged organization at infra, micro, meso, macro and metalevels, where power relationships create a twofold organisational recomposition : from change to university organisations-institutions, but also university organisations-institutions, but also from organisation-institutions to change, through the impetus given by the macrolevel
Vera, Molina Juan. "Technology Choices under Emissions Policy and Technology Diffusion constraints : the case of Passenger Vehicles." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLA021/document.
Full textPolicy instruments on passenger vehicle emissions aim at reducing negative environmental externalities from vehicles use. To regulate CO2 emissions, fuel economy standards have been put in place in Europe and in the US, among others. These standards are made more stringent over time. This thesis analyzes how automotive firms anticipate and prepare their future technology portfolio to comply with expected future standards. To do so, we develop a model of optimal technology choice that captures technology diffusion constraints.With this framework, this thesis investigates three policy questions. First, we ask how the form of anticipation can affect near- and long-term technology choices. We find that focusing solely on near-term objectives can lead to failure to comply with a long-term target. In fact, meeting the near-term target is not a necessary nor a sufficient condition to satisfy long-term compliance. Moreover, when there is partial anticipation, as in a myopic view of the future, technology choices will be stuck with low abatement technologies creating a path dependency that limits long-term abatement potential.Second, we ask how much indexing fuel economy standard to mass (as in Europe or China) changes the optimal technology. We show that, for the same emission target, there is no significant difference in the social cost of mobility for an average vehicle with and without mass index. Thus a heavier vehicle fleet has the same cost than a lighter one. However, the technology choices are different, and mass indexed fuel economy standards lead to sidestepping lightweight technologies despite being cost effective from a CO2 emissions abatement point of view.Third, we ask how technology choices change when policies with multiple objectives overlap. We focus on two externalities associated with mobility: CO2 emissions and local air pollution. We show three type of effects of overlapping policies. First, a technology specific policy such as the Zero Emission Vehicle Mandate in combination with a fuel economy standard induces carmakers to develop more expensive green technologies and prevents cheap, dirty technologies from disappearing compared to the case of a fuel economy standard alone. Second, the combination of policies can lead to very high costs when technologies adapted to each policy are very different. Third, we find an ambiguous effect of overlapping policies relative to single-objective policy in terms of emissions performance
Diop, Mohamet. "Essai sur l'apport de l'économie de la connaissance sur le développement économique : état des lieux et perspectives dans les pays en développement." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1108/document.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to analyze the characteristics of developing countries to the knowledge economy. This work addresses issues on both theoretical and epistemological related to the knowledge economy. We proceed in a first part the analysis of existing theories on the issue of the knowledge economy by combining references to various interpretations, while putting in illustration the idea that the accumulation of knowledge is now more than ever a powerful lever for economic growth in developed economies. The second part is devoted to the study of developing countries, particularly the least developed countries. This study highlights the differing technological trajectories within these economies and allows the identification of ways of acquiring knowledge in the least developed by the establishment of a national innovation system countries
Salgado, Stéphane. "Expérience de co-création d'innovation, ECCI, et développement de nouveaux produits : conceptualisation, mesure et test d'un modèle intégrateur relatif aux causes et aux effets de l'ECCI sur la créativité." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1027.
Full textThis doctoral work deals with co-creation experience of innovation, it is innovation competition organized by brands through internet platforms. This practice has the advantage of producing creative ideas at lower cost and in a shorter time. However, this innovative approach raises many questions in terms of website usability and incentives promoting consumer engagement. From four empirical studies, two qualitative and two quantitative , (1) we identify consumers’motivation to participate in innovation competition, (2) and we highlight five dimensions of co-creation experience concept , (3) we characterize the rewards that stimulate creativity and finally, (4) we present the effects of experience co-creation on creativity, participation and reputation of the innovative firm
Talens, Gaétan. "La place du personnel dans les opérations hôtelières milieu de gamme en France : les effets de l’engagement des collaborateurs au travail sur la qualité perçue par les clients." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAE001/document.
Full textIn a competitive environment and with constantly changing lifestyle and consumption habits, the hotel industry offer, and the services built around accommodation and catering as we know its today, do not guaranty the attractiveness, or the profitability, that is needed for this sector to remain sustainable. The modeling of a "new" hotel industry is necessary to meet customer expectations while taking into account the costs and operating constraints, particularly the "hotel industry service" playing a key role in the production and distribution processes of the service as well as in the quality perceived by the customer. The determinants of the hotel operational performance have evolved in different cycles turning the "modern" into "traditional".This thesis begins with the exploration of these developments in mid-ranged hotels in France through a field study conducted in twelve hotels and the headquarters of the AccorHotels group in France. This step, questioning the future of mid-ranged hotels in France, raised research questions wondering about the importance of the staff in the production of mid-ranged hotels products and services in our society, and more broadly, the importance of the human capital (in the microeconomic meaning) in the hotel industry.We decided to explore the links between staff and the hotel operational performance. This performance is composed of economic results, the quality perceived by the customers as well as parameters related to the context of the hotels. Based on an in-depth study of all the methodologies and measures of human capital, we chose to measure it through employee engagement at work, using a sample of 146 mid-range hotels (representing 3740 employees) of the AccorHotels group in France. We also measured, for each hotel, a set of context data (size, location, customer mix, level of digitization, renovations...), the operating result (Earnings Before Interest Taxes), the number of business per room available (RevPar) and a measure of the quality perceived by customers (Reputation Performance Score).This thesis shows the links between the operating result per room, the quality perceived by customers and the commitment of employees to work. We will develop their respective antecedents as well as the nature of their cross-statistical relationships.This thesis prooves that as a significant precedent of the quality perceived by the customers (itself an antecedent of the operating result), the commitment of the collaborators into their work is instrumental in order to obtain a better performance for the mid-ranged hotels in France. To go further, the identification of a typology of hotels based on these links makes us able to obtain simultaneously a global and a segmented view of the mid-range hotel business in France and the role by type of hotels of staff in order to reach a higher performance
Morin, Claire. "Évolution et transformation de l'entreprise dans l'économie du savoir : le cas d'une entreprise de biotechnologie." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25793/25793.pdf.
Full textIlenda, Mbemba. "Impact de l'éducation sur les comportements techniques des agriculteurs : le cas du Bas-Zaïre (Zaïre)." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29292.
Full textLambotte, François. "From traditional to IT mediated interorganizational relationships: sensemaking of the internet." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210770.
Full text“For us, it is very important as we generally reduce our inventories by 30%, thus we recover cash flow. It is not negligible.”
These quotes out of my case studies show that the primary goal of the implementation of Web-based applications is the achievement of transaction cost efficiencies: cost cutting, time saving, and information integration. But do they achieve such results? Sometimes they do sometime they don’t. In order to understand why, I consider it is necessary to take a different perspective from the one taken until now.
Indeed, existing studies on interorganizational information systems focus on economical and strategic issues and consider organizations as opaque entities. First, issues at hand may not be economic or strategic but social or legal. Next, they neglect that inter-organizational relationships imply a number of long-standing social interactions between individuals of each organization. Moreover, these individuals interpret the mediation project and act taking decision, implementing, or using the mediating technology – that these individuals make sense of the IT mediation project. In the present research, I propose to open the black box of organizations and explore how people sensemaking conditions the achievement of transaction cost benefits and is conditioned by the interorganizational context. My overarching research question is: How do people make sense of the Internet mediation of long-standing interorganizational relationships?
Doctorat en sciences de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Dagneaux, Leslie. "Les techniques Freinet ou le cinéma scolaire autrement : l’émancipation comme maître-mot : Retour sur quarante ans d’expérimentations (1927-1968)." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN20054.
Full textThis unprecedented study addresses an unknown fold of Cinema History in education. The network « Freinet », named after its instigator Celestin Freinet, has played, since the end of the 20’s, an important role, by introducing the cinema into school in France. It brings together, outside the traditional system, educators campaining for new learning methods ; « experimenters » who use uncommon tools such as cinema in their class. Nowadays, if the network « Freinet » does still exist, the study is limited to the founders experimentations (1927 – 1968). This historical flashback aims to discover uncommon uses, also demonstrating a great modernity. Practices establish the main lead of the analysis in order to define a particularism in terms of uses of cinema in class, opposite common uses of movies as support of the lesson. The pupil becomes « actor ». This learning acceptance paves the way for new types of projection. It also opens the way for cinema as an expressing, creating and developing tool