Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Effets du fer'
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Ferry-Dumazet, Hélène. "Chimiorésistance tumorale : actions du NO, du fer et du resveratrol." Bordeaux 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR28857.
Full textThe wide range of therapeutic protocols in cancer or leukemia does not prevent the appearance of chemoresistance in some patients, which then requires the intensification of these protocols, together with the deleterious side effects for the patients. Understanding intracellular mechanism of chemoresistance may help better achievement of anti-tumor therapy. In the present work, we have investigated the mechanism of the anti-proliferation activity of nitric oxide (NO) and intracellular pathways involved in tumor cell rescue from NO-mediated apoptosis. We first showed thar appropriate formulation of exogenous NO was able to decrease the proliferation of tumor cells. We also evidenced the capacity of NO to chelate intracellular iron, a necessary metal for tumor cell proliferation. Iron chelation by NO wase dose-dependent and appeared early following cell incubation (1-4 hrs). Increased cellular levels of iron protected tumor cells from the proapoptotic effects of NO, while iron chelation increased chemosensitivity of these cells. In addition to NO, we have analysed the anti-tumoral activity of Resveratrol, a nutrient-derived polyphenol, in human leukemia cells. Resveratrol was shown to significantly modulate the cell cycle and the expression of regulatory cyclins, involved in cell cycle arrest and death. This molecule, however, induced the death of normal cycling cells as well. On interest, and contrast to NO, Resveratrol reversed the chemoresistance of leukemia cells expressing MDR gene. In conclusion, this work shows new data to understand NO-mediated apooptosis and provides new tools for the treatment of cancers and leukemia
Maestre, Philippe. "Métaux redox (cuivre, fer) et production de radicaux hydroxyles. Application à la cytotoxicité des quinones." Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU30211.
Full textNyassi, Abdelhamid. "Contribution à l'étude du comportement d'un alliage ferritique dans des milieux gazeux complexes (oxydant-sulfurant) à haute température." Dijon, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985DIJOS030.
Full textDemirdis, Sultan. "Effets du désordre dans les supraconducteurs à base de fer." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00778943.
Full textLoréal, Olivier. "Effets de la surcharge en fer sur la fibrogenese hepatique." Rennes 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993REN1B007.
Full textPradines, Bruno. "Chélateurs du fer et paludisme : évaluation in vitro et mode d'action chez Plasmodium falciparum." Aix-Marseille 2, 2001. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2001AIX20693.pdf.
Full textMalaria resistance to antimalarial drugs commonly used is one of the major global health problems, and an urgent need for the development of new antimalarial agents and the identification of new targets in Plasmodium falciparum faces the scientific community. Iron is essential for the growth of bacteria, fungi, parasites and mammalian cells. Iron chelation therapy bas been considered as a suitable treatment for malaria. FR160, a spermidine catecholate iron chelator, demonstrated antimalarial activity (1 µM) against strains and isolates of P. Falciparum and a ratio toxicity/activity superior to 200. One would predict that an effective antimalarial iron chelator would have the ability to cross lipid membrane, would have a high affmity for iron, would selectively bind iron as compared with other metals, and would selectively bind iron(III) rather iron(II). FR160 is consistent with these requirements. FR160 affects all the P. Falciparum intraerythrocytic stages. FR160 rapidly enters into infected erythrocytes, where it accumulates. The mechanism of accumulation is yet unknown but its seems to be not associated with calcium pump or channel, potassium channel or Na+/H+ exchanger. FR160 could act by generation of radical species and enhance of heme-catalysed oxidation of lipid membranes. FR160 neither affects the chemical berne polymerisation activity nor the production of hemozoin in P. Falciparum parasites. Combinations of FR160 and tetracyclines, and especially doxycycline, or norfloxacin have synergistic effects against P. Falciparum parasites
Barday, Estelle. "Synthèse et métallation de ligands indénylboranes et complexation avec le fer, le rhénium et le zirconium." Dijon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DIJOS033.
Full textSeguela, Mathilde. "Etude de la voie de signalisation de la carence en fer chez Arabidopsis thaliana." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20222.
Full textIron uptake in non-graminaceous plants is achieved in a three step process. First, protons are released from the roots to solubilize ironbefore its reduction by the FRO2 feric reductase and uptake in roots cells by IRT1 transporter. In iron deficient conditions, IRT1 and FRO2 expression is strongly increased in root epidermal cells. The regulation of these two genes is well described, nevertheless, only few molecular components of the iron deficiency pathway has been described to date. In order to isolate new components regulating the root iron uptake machinery, three different approaches were developed. A genetic screen was performed to isolate mutants affected in IRT1 regulation. One mutant was isolated and shown to be allelic to frd3. The mutation in the FRD3 gene, which encodes for a citrate effluxer in xylem, affects iron speciation in xylem and iron remobilization during germination. The potential role of hormones in iron deficiency signal transduction was investigated. Cytokinins repress IRT1 and FRO2 expression irrespective of the iron status and independently of the transcription factor FIT. Rather we provide evidence or a regulation of IRT1 by a “growth” dependent pathway. The last strategy consisted in the IRT1 promoter analysis, in order to identify cis-regulatory elements of the iron deficiency response. A 80pb region was shown to be essential and sufficient for iron deficiency response in roots. This work shed light on new regulation of IRT1 gene expression and provided tools to unravel the molecular mechanisms driving the iron deficiency response
Lasocki, Sigismond. "Métabolisme du fer dans l'anémie de réanimation." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077088.
Full textAnemia is frequent among critically ill patients. It results from both inflammation and blood losses. It is usually considered that these critically ill patients have an inflammatory iron profile, with iron being stored in tissue macrophages. However, these two mechanisms exert opposite effects on iron metabolism regulation by the master regulator: hepcidin. During this work, we have developed and characterized a mice model of critical care anemia, associating an inflammatory peritonitis and repeated phlebotomies. We observed that erythropoiesis stimulation dominates over inflammation, with decreased hepcidin expression. This allowed the mobilization of spleen iron, despite the inflammation. In a preliminary study, we observed that intravenous iron toxicity was not enhanced in mice with peritonitis compared to control animals. Furthermore, we confirmed. In a prospective observational study in critically ill patients, that hepcidin may be repressed, even in the presence of inflammation. Taken together, these data suggest that iron may be proposed to treat some anemic critically ill patients
Alard, Sophie-Emmanuelle. "Le fer (Ferrum metallicum) : intérêt thérapeutique en allopathie et homéopathie." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR2P032.
Full textHu, Wei-Li. "Etude du rôle de la lactotransferrine dans l'absorption intestinale du fer. Modèle murin : isolement et description du récepteur de la lactotransferrine de souris." Lille 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL10133.
Full textArnaud, Nicolas. "Régulation de l'expression du gène de ferritine AtFer1 en réponse au fer chez Arabidopsis thaliana." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20191.
Full textAmong essential mineral element, iron plays an important role in many biological processes. However, iron physicochemical properties leads to cellular toxicity. Iron homeostasis needs to be tightly controlled. Among the mechanisms involved in iron homeostasis, ferritins are of major importance. Ferritins are ubiquitous multimeric proteins able to store iron in a soluble and non-toxic form. My work aims at identifying molecular elements involved in sensing and signaling of iron nutrient status in plant cells by using the promoter of the ferritin encoding gene AtFer1 as the terminal target of this transduction pathway. In animals, ferritin synthesis is controlled by iron at post-transcriptional level via IRE/IRP binding where IRP1 is a cytosolic aconitase. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, we have identified three IRP1 homologues, named ACO1 to –3. By reverse genetic approaches, Taken together, our results demonstrate that, in plants, the cytosolic ACO is not converted into an IRP and does not regulate iron homoeostasis. Indeed, in plants, ferritin synthesis is induced by iron excess, mainly at transcriptional level. A cis regulatory sequence (IDRS) is involved in this mechanism. By combining pharmacological and imaging approaches in an Arabidopsis cell culture system, we have identified several elements in the signal transduction pathway leading to the increase of AtFer1 transcript level after iron treatment. Nitric oxide quickly accumulates in the plastids after iron treatment. This compound acts downstream of iron and upstream of a PP2A-type phosphatase to promote an increase of AtFer1 mRNA level. A repressor acts in low iron condition and is ubiquitinated upon iron treatment and subsequently degraded through a 26 S proteasome-dependent pathway. A nuclear factor, different from the repressor, is able to bind the IDRS independently of iron status. These approaches allow us to discover another regulation mechanism occuring at the post-transcriptional level. Surprisingly, in Arabidopsis cells, iron treatment leads to rapid destabilization of AtFer1 mRNA. The increase of the degradation rate impacts strongly the half-life of ferritin transcripts. Two putative elements (DST sequences and/or antisense RNA) could be involved in this degradation mechanism of AtFer1 mRNA. This new post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism seems to be involved in the tightly control of ferritin expression in response to environmental variations. This work should contribute to understand molecular events involved in iron homeostasis in plant, therefore controlling the plant adaptation to fluctuation of environmental conditions
Robin, Agnès. "Interactions plantes-microorganismes associées à la dynamique du fer dans la rhizosphère." Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10072.
Full textKhaled, Sai͏̈da. "Implications des effets hémorhéologiques du zinc et du fer dans l'adaptation à l'exercice." Montpellier 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON1T006.
Full textMarchand, Cécile. "Etude du statut martial dans une population de sujets hyperlipidémiques." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05P002.
Full textMontacié, Charlotte. "Le protéasome et le fer : rôles et/ou régulations dans le nucléole d’Arabidopsis thaliana." Thesis, Perpignan, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PERP0002/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis work is to highlight the impact of both nucleolus content and structure on nucleolar functions in A. thaliana. For this I followed two approaches: 1- I performed nucleolus proteome and characterized one of its non-ribosomal activity / 2- I studied nucleolar iron impact on ribosomes biogenesis.Firstly, the A. thaliana nucleolar proteome allowed me to identify nucleolar proteins with non-ribosomal functions. Among these, I showed that 26S proteasome activity can be regulated by nucleolus. More precisely, proteasome activity decreases with nucleolus disorganization. Moreover, I also showed that 26S proteasome, together with Nucleolin, might play a role in ribosomal RNA transcription and/or maturation.Secondly, I proved that loss of nucleolar iron (in nas1,2,4 mutant plants) induces an increase of nucleolar transcriptional structures (fibrillar centers). This observation is correlated with the transcription of normally silenced rDNA from NOR2 and, interestingly, with hypermethylation of rDNA promoters in CHH context. And so, iron might regulate factors implicated in epigenetic pathways responsible of either rDNA transcription or repression
DHUR, AGNES. "Carences en fer et en folates : aspects epidemiologiques et effets sur le systeme immunitaire." Paris 7, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA077028.
Full textGarry, Sébastien. "Interférence du fer (fe2o3) sur la métabolisation et sur les effets génotoxiques du Benzo[a]Pyrène chez le rat." Lille 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LIL2P013.
Full textJullien, Pierre. "Etude des effets électrooptiques et photoréfractifs du titanate de baryum pur et dopé au fer." Dijon, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992DIJOS043.
Full textPascal, Nadine. "Quelques observations sur les effets d'une carence de fer sur la cellule végétale non chlorophyllienne." Grenoble 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE10165.
Full textHem, Sonia. "Caractérisation par spectrométrie de masse de réponses précoces du phosphoprotéome d’Arabidopsis thaliana au stress en fer." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20018.
Full textIn plants facing iron stress, the rapid induction of ferritins constitutes the best characterized molecular response. This process is under the control of phosphorylation/dephosphorylation events. This work aimed at characterizing the changes in the Arabidopsis phosphoproteome according to the iron environment in order to identify molecular events involved in these early steps. The approach was essentially performed directly at the peptide level. The general strategy was to optimize first the purification and fractionation of phosphopeptides from mixtures of model proteins showing an increasing complexity and then to apply the procedures to the biological samples of interest. The identification of phosphorylation sites was performed by MS/MS, either MALDI-TOF-TOF or nanoLC-ESI. Out of the methods elaborated, the combination of an initial enrichment by interaction with TiO2, of peptide fractionation by anion exchange and final purification using titanium dioxide, was proven to be the most effective for complex mixtures of phosphopeptides. This method was then used for peptides from the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane. It allowed the identification of pS and pT sites on mono- and multi-phosphorylated peptides from various membrane proteins of Arabidopsis. Among identified phosphoproteins, a main part corresponded to membrane transporters or kinases and one third of phosphorylation sites were not described to date. Different labelling approaches (metabolic, chemical, proteolytic) were then adapted to quantify the temporal pattern of these sites during the response to iron stress. The determination of changes in the phosphorylation levels was made by mass spectrometry after purification and fractionation of peptides as above
Brossel, Mathieu. "Compréhension des mécanismes d’intégration du fer dans la couche d’altération du verre nucléaire - impact sur ses propriétés de transport et sa stabilité." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLE036/document.
Full textIn the perspective of a deep geological repository, the radionuclides release in the near-field is ultimately controlled by the leaching of the nuclear glass matrix by water after the corrosion of the overpack. The main goal of this study is to bring new elements about the understanding of mechanisms governing the impact of iron cations on glass alteration. To achieve this objective, experiments have been conducted on simplified systems with regard to the industrial case in order to achieve a better understanding of the role of iron in more complex systems. A fist series of alteration experiments were conducted on quaternary glass (SiO2-B2O3-Na2O-Fe2O3) with different iron content in initially pure water or in FeCl2 solution. Experiments led in initially pure water put in evidence that the iron in glass matrix has a beneficial effect on the initial dissolution regime. However, the presence of iron in glass led to deteriorate the passivating layer properties of the altered layer formed during glass alteration at high reaction progess. This led to increase the alteration of glass. Experiments carried out in FeCl2 solutions show a greater alteration extent than in initially pure water. Iron silicate precipitation has been observed during these experiments and impose the pH of the medium to a value of 6.2. This acidic pH promotes ionic exchanges that led to an increase of alteration compared to experiments carried out in initially pure water. A second series of experience aimed to obtain strongly altered glass was carried out in order to do a structural study of alteration layers. Results show that alteration layers can be different from those obtained during the first series of experiment. This difference is attributed to the different experimental conditions imposed on the wo series of experiments. In these experiments, iron-silicate has also been observed and these phases have the same structure as the ones described before. This structural study permit to acquire information about the local environment of iron and silicon in precipitated phyllosilicate. The simplified systems studied in this thesis show results which are different from those reported in literature in the case of systems close to the real one. However, these results highlighted the need to have a better control of experimental conditions, especially in terms of iron cations supplies in solution
Massouh, Souad. "Caractérisation des effets de l'implantation d'ions Fe dans la forstérite." Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO19062.
Full textLee, Jae-Hoon. "Les effets des réformes des chemins de fer sur les performances : l'analyse des cas japonais et suédois." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENPC0014.
Full textPanicaud, Benoît. "Contraintes "de croissance" et cinétiques d'oxydation dans des couches d'oxydes thermiques de fer et de nickel : étude in-situ par diffraction des rayons X et modélisation." La Rochelle, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LAROS121.
Full textA metal oxidation leads to a specific strain link to the oxide growth. This growth strain is supposed to be proportional to the oxide layer thickness. We study the " growth " stresses in some metals : nickel, untreated iron and phosphated iron. The first two materials oxidation is parabolic. On the other hand, the phosphated iron oxidation shows several features : phases inversion in the oxide layer, kinetic transition. Complementary analyses led by X – Rays Diffraction showed that the layer of phosphate seemed to play the role of a diffusion barrier. The stability of the phosphate layer during the oxidation and the oxide layers morphology confirmed that the kinetic accident has a mechanical origin. The measure of the stresses in the oxides has been achieved by XRD, with Synchrotron Radiation. In the first time, the stresses modelling in thermal oxides on metals allowed us to reproduce experimental results. Finally, we develop an identification method of the system parameters
Daou, Toufic Jean. "Synthèse et fonctionnalisation de nanoparticules d’oxydes de fer magnétiques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2007/DAOU_Toufic_Jean_2007.pdf.
Full textIn the first part, magnetite nanoparticles with controlled size have been synthesized by co-precipitation followed by hydrothermal treatment. By varying different parameters like the pH, the nature of the bases and the Base/Fe ratio, we were able to obtain, nanoparticles with an average size of 12 (± 2) nm but especially of 39 (± 5) nm with global composition: Fe2. 95O4 which can be described by a core-shell system with stoechiometric magnetite as core and oxidized layer as shell. In the second part, we report, our results on the direct and strong bonding of functional organic molecules onto the surface of this nanoparticles using either phosphate, phosphonate or carboxylate groups as coupling agents. These studies have shown that the nanoparticles functionalised by a phosphate or phosphonate groups allowed stronger bonding on the surface of the nanoparticles, higher grafting rate than the carboxylate groups and especially the conservation of the magnetic properties. The grafting occurs mainly by interaction with the Fe3+ in octahedral sites present in the (111) denser plane. The magnetic properties are not modified with phosphonate and phosphate, whereas the carboxylate induce a canting of spin in the oxidized layer decreasing magnetization. Optimisation of grafting conditions has conducted to very stable suspensions in water and THF
Michaud, Aurélia. "Interaction entre la biodisponibilité, phytotoxicité du cuivre et la nutrition en fer de graminées : mécanismes physiologiques et rhizosphériques." École nationale supérieure agronomique (Montpellier), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENSA0025.
Full textRabah, Kheira Leila Chopart Jean-Paul. "Convection par gradient de susceptibilité magnétique. Effets sur l'électrodéposition du cuivre et de l'alliage cobalt-fer." Reims : S.C.D. de l'Université, 2007. http://scdurca.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000733.pdf.
Full textPresume, Mirlande. "Effets respiratoires d'expositions répétées, à des nanoparticules d'oxydes de manganèse et de fer chez la souris." Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1067.
Full textTraduction de Reverso en Anglais The study of the respiratory effects of sprays of metal oxides by inhalation to the mouse is motivated by the observations at the patients welders. Indeed, the welders develop cardio-respiratory pathologies which could be directly or indirectly bound to the exhibition in smokes of soldering. These smokes of soldering are consisted of various chemical species, dusts but also nanoparticles (NP). Indeed, we find NP until 80 % in number and mass 11 % in smokes of soldering. With the aim of estimating the role of the component nanoparticulaire smokes of soldering, my thesis subject is centered on the study of the respiratory effects of exhibitions repeated to the sprays of NP of iron oxide and manganese by inhalation to the mouse
Rabah, Kheira Leila. "Convection par gradient de susceptibilité magnétique. Effets sur l'électrodéposition du cuivre et de l'alliage cobalt-fer." Reims, 2007. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000733.pdf.
Full textThis work is devoted to the study of the convection created by a magnetic field perpendicular to the electrode surface and to the effects of this convection on copper and cobalt-iron alloy electrodeposition. By comparison of two systems with paramagnetic electroactive species and two systems with diamagnetic electroactive species, it has been proved that the electrolysis currentmodifications are due to the convection generated by a paramagnetic force. Theoretical relations have been determined and confirmed by stationary and dynamic results. The copper nucleation on titanium oxide is not changed by a magnetic field perpendicular to the electrode surface. However we note modifications in measuring thickness and roughness of copper deposits. The XRD diffractograms exhibit changes in texture of CoFe alloy electrodeposited with or without superimposed magnetic field. When a magnetic field is applied in a direction parallel to the electrode surface, only textured Co7Fe3 phase can be seen. Whereas textured fcc Co and Co7Fe3 phases are detected without magnetic field or with a magnetic applied in a perpendicular direction to the surface electrode
Marty, Fabrice. "Fer, cuivre, zinc, sélénium dans l'hépatite chronique C traitée par interféron : étude comparative répondeurs/non répondeurs." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR23020.
Full textBucciarelli, Eva. "Rôle du fer dans le contrôle de la pompe biologique de CO2 de l'océan austral." Brest, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BRES2041.
Full textThis work concerns the role played by iron in controlling the CO2 biological pump in the Southern Ocean. Iron, indeed, is a micro-nutrient essential to life and numerous experiments have shown that its subnanomolar concentrations in the water column (co)-limited the primary production in various oceanic areas, e. G. In the Southern Ocean. The thesis is divided in two complementary parts, a geochemical part and a biogeochemical one. The geochemical part aims at a better understanding of the oceanic geochemical cycle of iron. It presents measurements of dissolved iron and manganese in the wake of the Kerguelen Islands (Bucciarelli et al. 2001) and of dissolved and total dissolvable iron in the open Southern Ocean (Crozet basin). The samplings were conducted as part of the Antares program (France JGOFS), during the Antares 3 cruise in the wake of the Kerguelen island, and during the Antares 4 cruise in the Crozet Basin. The data give insigths into the sources and sinks of iron in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean. The biogeochemical part focuses on the effects of iron stress on natural phytoplanktonic community on one hand (Blain et al. 2001, Blain et al. 2002, Sedwick et al. 2002), and on laboratory monospecific cultures of three species of diatoms on the other hand. A decoupling between the cycles of silicon, carbon and nitrogen has been shown under iron stress conditions. The decoupling is quantified in a range of iron concentrations varying from iron-limiting to iron-sufficient conditions
RAKBA, NAFISSA. "Etude de deux nouveaux chelateurs du fer : evaluation de la cytoprotection et de la mobilisation du fer au cours de la surcharge, effets antipoliferatif et apophotique de la depletion en fer sur les hepatocytes normaux et lignees d'hepatome." Rennes 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REN10031.
Full textZanninelli, Giuliana. "Effets de chelateurs sur le routage cellulaire du fer non lie a la transferrine (doctorat : biologie et sciences de la sante)." Rennes 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REN1B044.
Full textXu, Feng. "Effets d'environnement moléculaire en chmie Redox et en chimie de coordination électrochimie de prophyrines de fer superstructurées /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37601832f.
Full textNay, Kevin. "Le fer et le microbiote intestinal : deux nouvelles cibles pour améliorer les capacités fonctionnelles et musculaires en condition d'hypoactivité." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2019. http://www.bu.univ-rennes2.fr/system/files/theses/2019theseNayK.pdf.
Full textHypoactivity is characterized by a lack of mechanical constraints on the musculoskeletal system, and affects a wide range of individuals, from bedridden and hospitalized patients, to astronauts subjected to hypoactivity. Specifically, hypoactivity reduces functional abilities by altering, among others, muscle function and oxygen transport. To improve astronauts’ health during and after missions, or bedridden patients’ care, understanding its underlying mechanisms is necessary. Since they seem to interact with skeletal muscle, iron metabolism and gut microbiota could play a key role in functional disorders related to hypoactivity. The aim of this PhD thesis was to study the crosstalk between gut microbiota, iron and skeletal muscle during hypoactivity and to identify the underlying mechanisms. Based on animal and human models, our work highlights that iron misdistribution occurs during hypoactivity, especially due to hepcidin upregulation. By demonstrating for the first time the effect of gut microbiota on skeletal muscle endurance, our results support that glucose homeostasis plays a key role in this mechanism. Furthermore, some indicators of gut dysbiosis are suggested in hypoactivty. Our work opens promising and innovative countermeasures for therapeutic strategies destined to improve astronauts‘ health and patients’ care
Turbatte, Jean-Christophe. "Étude par simulation numérique du dommage d'irradiation dans les alliages fer - cuivre." Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL10243.
Full textJuzoń, Piotr. "High temperature reactivity of Fe3Al intermetallic compounds." Dijon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DIJOS051.
Full textFe3Al intermetallic compounds belong to a prospective group of corrosion-resistant and heat-resisting materials. Recent research proved that certain alloy additions introduced to base alloys in small quantities can have significant influence on improving mechanical and corrosion-resistance properties. The goal of this dissertation is to examine the influence of adding third and/or fourth minor element on the heat-resisting properties, and to understand the effects (positive or negative) of minor element addition on the high temperature oxidation mechanism of Fe3Al intermetallic compounds. The influence of selected additions (Zr, Mo, Nb and Cr) was examined on the high-temperature corrosion (degradation) behavior of researched alloys under isothermal conditions in synthetic air and synthetic air enriched with 10% of H2O in temperature range from 900ºC to 1200ºC. The cyclic oxidation experiments were performed in laboratory air at 1100 °C. For understanding the growth mechanism of oxide scale on Fe3Al materials, two-stage oxidation experiments were performed (16O2/18O2) followed by Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) observations
Farhadi, Cheshmeh Morvari Gholamali. "Les effets des éléments de trace sur les caractéristiques des alliages de type 6XXX pour les applications automobiles /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1999. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textGalai, Leila. "Les mécanismes réactionnels régissant les interactions verre-fer en solution aqueuse." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LAROS029.
Full textThe geological disposal of high-level waste (HLW) developed by ANDRA, in France, is based on a multi-layer concept. The vitrified radioactive waste is placed in a stainless-steel container itself placed in a carbon steel overpack and disposed in Callovo-Oxfordian (Cox) claystone. The proximity between iron, glass and groundwater should involve a chemical interaction between them which can impact the long-term behaviour of nuclear vitrified waste. Previous study on the glass-iron system in geological storage conditions have highlights the phenomenology linked to this interaction. Iron has been almost unanimously described as increasing the alteration of glass. However, in the experimental setups chosen, the simultaneous alteration of glass and iron makes it difficult to identify the mechanisms prevailing at the interface of each material. In this thesis, we have therefore chosen to decompose the real and complex Glass / Steel / Clay / Solution system into two model study systems in order to better characterize the different mechanisms at each interface. The first experiments were about the corrosion of iron powder in the presence of Si. These experiments have shown that an increase in [Si] promotes the formation of Fe silicates at the expense of Fe oxides, but without leading to an increase in the amount of corroded iron. Kinetic investigations revealed that a complex germination-growth mechanism is behind the formation of Fe silicates. A simplified kinetic model has also been proposed. Then, the experimental system has been complexified with iron corrosion experiments in the presence of CJ1 simple glass and ISG glass. These experiments have shown that the presence of iron certainly leads to the deterioration of the glass, but this increase is strongly limited by three main parameters : the glass composition, the iron flux associated with the corrosion kinetics of the metal and pH. The chosen simplification approach therefore made it possible to dissociate the effect of each parameter and to locate the effect of Si on the corrosion of iron, to dissociate the effect of iron from the effect of pH on alteration of the glass and above all to highlight the importance of parameters such as the iron flow and the initial composition of the glass on the effect that the iron will have on the deterioration of the glass
Tissot, Olivier. "Effets de l'irradiation sur la démixtion du Cr dans les alliages FeCr." Rouen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ROUES053.
Full textOwing to their good thermal properties and excellent swelling resistance, Ferritic-Martensitic (F-M) alloys and ODS steels are potential candidates as structural material and for cladding of future reactors (GEN IV). However, alloys containing more than 10at. % Cr, which are corrosion resistant, are prone to embrittlement due mainly to α’ precipitation. Study of FeCr alloys, model alloys of F-M and ODS steels, is a key point in the understanding of mechanism which are involved by irradiation. The main objective of this study is to identify and quantify the irradiation effects on Cr demixtion. In a first approach, study of the α - α’ decomposition under thermal ageing have been carried out with APT, SANS, and MS. This experiments allow to establish a referent kinetics. An agreement between SANS and APT measurements have been found. Electrons irradiations have been realized between 250°C and 400°C at different doses. α’ precipitation have been observed since the first dose (0. 012 dpa). The comparison of results with neutron data have shown the efficacy of electron irradiation in α’ precipitation. It have also allowed us to determine equilibrium composition of the miscibility gap at 300°C. Ions irradiation with different damage rates (10-3 and 10-5 dpa. S-1) have been conducted to understand the absence of α’ phase reported in literature under this irradiation type. For the first time, APT characterization have revealed α’ after ions irradiation at low damage rate. The in depth analyses have shown that injected interstitials strongly reduce α’ precipitation. In fact, these interstitials lead to the formation of dislocations loops or could recombine with vacancies and thus reduce the number of vacancy available for diffusion. At higher damage rate (10-3 dpa. S-1), no precipitation have been observed. It has been shown that it could be explain by ballistic dissolution of α’ nucleus which are in formation
Ravet, Karl. "Les Ferritines chez A. Thaliana : fonction et régulation." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20202.
Full textLedrich, Marie-Laure. "Mise en évidence et étude comparative des protéines de transport de fer et d'autres métaux chez Ralstonia eutropha CH34 et souches dérivées." Metz, 2001. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2001/Ledrich.Marie_Laure.SMZ0132.pdf.
Full textRastolnia eutropha CH34, formerly Alcaligenes eutrophus CH34, was initially isolated from a decantation tank by Houba et al. , in 1976. Studies on this strain revealed at least 11 heavy metals resistances, carryied by two megaplasmids : pMOL28 et pMOL30, which translate a bacteria adaptation system to highly polluted soils. Firstly, the czc resistance system, carried by pMOL30, is based on cadmium, zinc and cobalt efflux. Secondly, Rastolnia eutropha CH34 had developed a highly specific system for iron transport, based on siderophore affinity, because this element is weakly biodisponible in environment. These two mechanisms, the first one facultative, and the second one inducible but constitutive, seem to be associated. The knowledge of these two mechanism is very important to understand the way of heavy metal depollution processes. The main purpose of this study was to identify the proteins of czc system and the siderophore-iron receptor. Two Rastolnia eutropha CH34 derivates were used as references : Rastolnia eutropha 1153 (which overexpresses siderophores) and Rastolnia eutropha 104 which is plasmids-free). A 45kDa outer membrane protein was identified, by electrophoresis techniques. It seems to be the siderophore-iron receptor
Terentyev, Dmitry. "Study of radiation effects in FeCr alloys for fusion applications using computer simulations." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210787.
Full textMarty, Nicolas Fritz Bertrand. "Modélisation couplée (transport-réaction) des interactions fluides-argiles et de leurs effets en retour sur les propriétés physiques de barrières ouvragées en bentonite." Strasbourg : Université Louis Pasteur, 2007. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/636/01/MARTY2006.pdf.
Full textAbid, Youssef. "Etude des effets électrooptiques du titanate de baryum pur et dopé au fer : influence de la longueur d'onde et de la température." Dijon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994DIJOS001.
Full textGilles, Bruno. "Etude par rayons X rasants des effets de l'implantation de silicium dans le silicium et de fer dans un grenat." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37597890r.
Full textZouggar, Mostapha. "Effets du broyage sur les propriétés structurales et mécaniques de poudres de fer pur et sur l'activation de la nitruration." Poitiers, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000POIT2283.
Full textChenoufi, Norchen. "Étude des effets de la surcharge et de la déplétion en fer dans des cultures de cellule hépatique : toxicité, prolifération." Rennes 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996REN10202.
Full textSerrurot, Emilie. "Troubles de l'homéostasie du fer et effets à long terme de la réduction précoce du volume de lésion dans la pathologie ischémique cérébrale." Dijon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DIJOPE02.
Full textWe initially studied the disorders of cerebral and peripheral homeostasis of iron in the rat subjected to a brain ischemia and stroke patients. The experimental results show that ischemic brain areas exhibit an early and transient elevation of free iron levels and a delayed and sustained increase in ferritin expression. They also show that brain ischemia, if severe, results in high serum ferritin levels and that preischemic iron overload did not affect brain vulnerability to the cytotoxic effects of ischemia. The clinical results show that serum ferritin is close to normal values at hospital admission and increases with the time. Moreover, serum ferritin levels in the acute phase of stroke correlates with the Rankin score at 3 months. We then evaluated the long-term effects of the early lesion size reduction in rat subjected to cerebral lesion using a neuroprotective drug. Whereas drugs decreased by 50% the lesion size at day 1 after the lesion, they failed to ameliorate neurological outcome. In addition, no difference in the amount of the histologically intact residual brain tissue as well as in synaptogenesis were observed between drug- and vehicle-treated rats