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Jorgensen, Peter Francis. "Investigating the nature of emotional appeals: An expectancy violations interpretation of the persuasive efficacy of emotional appeals." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/284213.
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The primary objective of this research was to investigate whether the principles of Expectancy Violations Theory could be applied to the study of emotional appeals so as to gain an alternative interpretation of the persuasive efficacy of affective messages in the social influence process. Central to this approach is the assumption that certain culturally-based norms guiding the expression of emotion exist at a societal level, and that the violations of these expectancy norms carry implications for the efficacy of persuasive attempts. Specifically, the tenets of EVT suggest that when these violations occur, message recipients will look to the perceived rewardingness of the source of the message, and then interpret the violations as positive or negative. It was posited that these evaluations, in turn, would either facilitate (in the case of positive violations) or inhibit (negative violations) the persuasion process. However, due to a number of methodological confounds in the design of the emotional messages used in this research, this study could not provide a fair test of the predictions suggested by EVT. A significant confederate by actor sex interaction described an experimental situation wherein expectancy violation or confirmation was idiosyncratic to the confederates, which is inconsistent both with the premises of EVT as well as the hypotheses stated in this research. Instead, a series of secondary analyses within confederates was undertaken in an attempt to explore the relationships between source rewardingness and message expectedness on attitude change. However, no significant relationships were found to exist. The discussion section focuses heavily on an analysis of the confounds that existed in this research, and suggestions are made for providing a remedy for similar situations in future research. Finally, directions for future research using expectancy violations theory and emotion are discussed.
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NOGUEIRA, DANIEL MOURA. "DATA VISUALIZATION: THE PERSUASIVE SPEECH OF VISUAL ATTRIBUTES IN INFOGRAPHICS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2014. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=24672@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO<br>COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR<br>PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO<br>Esta dissertação aborda o tema do discurso persuasivo nos infográficos, um dos produtos do Design da Informação. Os infográficos são amplamente usados como ferramenta de comunicação pela mídia, com o intuito de transmitir informações de modo sintético, rápido e atraente por meio de representações visuais diagramáticas. Examina e analisa os atributos visuais dos gráficos e infográficos sob o ponto de vista da retórica visual. Investiga o uso do ferramental disponível para a elaboração de visualizações de dados persuasivas, que comuniquem de forma eloquente e eficiente o discurso desejado, obtendo a adesão do leitor. Os aportes teóricos da pesquisa se encontram na proposta de uma Retórica do Design, de Almeida Junior, fundamentada na Nova Retórica, de Chaïm Perelman e Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca, nas investigações sobre a Percepção Visual voltada à visualização de dados, nas pesquisas de Colin Ware e Stephen Few, e na Semiótica de Charles Sanders Peirce, como elemento transdisciplinar, perpassando pelos diferentes tópicos como forma de integrá-los. Foram tomados, como casos exemplares, infográficos da seção Jornais da Sexta Mostra Nacional de Infografia de 2012, o Infolide. Os infográficos analisados mostram a intensa presença de recursos e ferramentas de persuasão na infografia impressa. Como resultado, chegou-se à conclusão de que é possível o designer intensificar o poder persuasivo dos seus infográficos, aprofundando-se acerca dos sistemas cognitivos da linguagem que regem a compreensão do leitor, ou seja, do seu auditório.<br>This dissertation addresses the topic of persuasive speech in infographics,
one of the products of the Information Design. The infographics are widely used
as a communication tool by the media, in order to transmit information in a
synthetic, fast and attractive way using visual diagrammatic representations.
Examines and analyzes the visual attributes of the data graphs and infographics
from the point of view of visual rhetoric. Investigates the use of the tools available
for developing compelling data visualizations that communicate eloquently and
efficiently the desired speech, with the adherence of the reader. The theoretical
references of the research are the proposal of a Rhetoric of Design, by Almeida
Junior, based on the New Rhetoric of Chaïm Perelman and Lucie Olbrechts-
Tyteca, the investigations on Visual Perception oriented to data visualization, in
surveys of Colin Ware and Stephen Few, and the Semiotics of Charles Sanders
Peirce, as a transdisciplinary element, passing through the different topics,
integrating them. Were taken, as special cases, infographics from the Newspapers
section of the 6th National Exhibition Infographics 2012, Infolide. The analyzed
infographics show the intense presence of persuasive tools in printed infographics.
As a result, the conclusion that the designer can enhance the persuasive power of
their infographics deepening his knowledge about cognitive and language systems
that govern the reader s understanding, ie, of his audience.
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Plessis-Belair, Ginette. "Persuasive speech in children between seven and eight : an educational analysis." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1989. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10019716/.
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Good, Chelsea. "Persuasive effect of narrative and statistical evidence combinations." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/4156.
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Grice, Patricia Joyce. "Presidential Communication to Children: An Analysis of Persuasive Strategies in Presidential Speeches." TopSCHOLAR®, 2010. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/185.
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This thesis explores the content of presidential communication to children, specifically the only three presidential speeches that have been designed for children. These three speeches are President Barack Obama's speech to children in 2009, George H.W. Bush's speech to children in 1991, and Ronald Reagan's speech to children in 1988. Through content analysis this thesis was designed to determine whether persuasive strategies were used in these messages to children, and if persuasive strategies were present, which ones were used. Through qualitative analysis conducting a focus group discussion with children exposed to one of the presidential speeches, this thesis also explored the speeches from children's perspectives. Political socialization theory is used as framework for developing the study, and three persuasive theories are used for analysis of the speeches.
The findings provide insight into presidential communication to children and implications of future research in this area. Findings suggest that persuasive strategies are present and a variety of techniques are utilized in the speeches. The purpose and common topics of these speeches are also explored. Focus group findings support that children can identify persuasive strategies present in the speeches and provide insight into the knowledge children retain from exposure to the communication.
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de, Aquino Carlsson Alissa. "Persuasion in social media : A study of Instagram influencers' usage of persuasive speech acts." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-69900.
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The purpose of this study is to investigate how different fitness Instagram influencers use persuasive speech acts in their marketing posts. Another aim is to look at the similarities and differences between the influencers’ use of linguistic strategies and speech acts. A study was conducted on 200 Instagram posts from four different fitness influencers. A total of 638 speech acts were coded using a typology by John Searle (1979). The typology consists of the speech acts representatives, directives, commissives, expressives and declaratives. Two speech acts were also added by the researchers; inquires and quotations. Furthermore, the speech acts were also coded for sentence forms (declarative, imperative and interrogative) and also whether they were direct or indirect speech acts. The study also discusses the different aspects of online communication and how these might affect someone’s marketing decisions. This shows that the language someone uses online might affect his or her online identity. There was also a comparison of the results to identify similarities and differences among the selected influencers. The results show a variation of usage of Searle’s (1979) speech acts. All speech acts were used at least once but directives showed the highest frequency among all influencers since they would often command or request their followers to perform a certain action. Another result was that many of the speech acts had a certain sentence structure but a different intention or function, namely, they were indirect speech acts. The intention and function of these speech acts were often to persuade the audience and were therefore persuasive speech acts.
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Agee, C., and A. Lynn Williams. "Evaluating Treatment Efficacy through the Capability-focus Theory." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2000. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2096.
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Murray, Elizabeth Jane. "Treatment Efficacy for Children with Childhood Apraxia of Speech." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/10072.
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This thesis addresses treatment outcomes for idiopathic childhood apraxia of speech (CAS), a significant and persistent disorder of speech motor planning and programming. There is a need for greater external evidence to guide clinical decision making. A systematic review of CAS treatment research published from 1970 to 2012 found there are no published randomised control trials (RCTs) for CAS. Three treatments showed strong preliminary evidence to warrant inclusion in future RCTs: Dynamic Temporal and Tactile Cueing, Rapid Syllable Transition Treatment (ReST) and Integrated Phonological Awareness intervention. A constraint on treatment outcomes is the lack of a validated, clinically replicable procedure for differentiating CAS from all other speech sound disorders (SSDs). A methodological protocol was developed for differential diagnosis of idiopathic CAS and a parallel group RCT. The diagnostic study examined 47 children referred with suspected CAS. CAS was determined from other SSDs using the current gold standard, expert judgment using the ASHA (2007) and the Shriberg, Potter and Strand (2009) feature lists. 100% diagnostic reliability was achieved. Assessment measures were analysed using discriminant function analysis and four measures in combination predicted the original diagnosis with 91% accuracy. Replication is required. The RCT compared the ReST and NDP3 treatments for 26 children aged 4-12 years in an intensive block (1 hour sessions, 4 days a week for 3 weeks) delivered by supervised speech pathology clinicians. The NDP3 showed significantly greater treatment gains within 1 week post treatment and the ReST treatment demonstrated greater maintenance and generalisation to pseudo-words. Overall ReST and NDP3 have strong evidence for treatment efficacy for CAS. The discussion argues that children with CAS can demonstrate strong treatment and generalisation effects when treatment considers best evidence, appropriate diagnosis and plans for generalisation.
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Williams, A. Lynn, and T. Boggs. "Efficacy in Clinical Education: Comparison of Supervisory Models." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2000. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2100.
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Brown, M., and A. Lynn Williams. "A Longitudinal Case Study of Phonological Treatment Efficacy." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1998. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2106.
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Scherer, Nancy J., A. Lynn Williams, Ann Kaiser, et al. "Efficacy of an Early Speech Intervention for Children with Cleft Palate." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2063.
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Williams, A. Lynn, R. Epperly, J. R. Rodgers, and L. Feltes. "Treatment Efficacy in Phonological Intervention: Clinical Case Studies." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1999. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2102.
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Williams, A. Lynn, and Teresa Boggs. "Efficacy in Clinical Education: Comparison of Supervisory Models." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2000. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1516.
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Shen, Li. "Third foot or fifth wheel a comparison of figurative language in Chinese and English persuasive essays written by Mandarin-speaking advanced EFL students /." access full-text online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium, 1996. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?9701510.
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Rhéaume, Agathe. "Bilingual aphasia : efficacy and generalization of bilingual therapy." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61335.
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The present study was conducted in order to investigate the effects of bilingual therapy on the naming skills of a bilingual aphasic patient. The nature of the word-finding difficulties of a French-English bilingual aphasic subject was assessed. Theory-based anomia therapy was administered to the patient first in English and then in French to explore within- and across-language treatment effects. General language skills were also assessed before and after therapy. Results revealed significant improvement in naming of treated words, but very limited generalization to untreated items in only one of the languages. Transfer of therapy effects from treated to untreated language was not observed. Findings are discussed in relation to the efficacy of bilingual therapy; implications for models of bilingual lexical organization are considered.
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Bower, M., and A. Lynn Williams. "The Three E's of Treatment Efficacy: A Phonological Case Example." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1998. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2107.
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Langrial, S. (Sitwat). "Exploring the influence of persuasive reminders and virtual rehearsal on the efficacy of health behavior change support system." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2014. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526204765.
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Abstract Information technologies have opened new opportunities to develop persuasive systems that support people to adopt and sustain healthy behaviors. Both web-based and ubiquitous information systems have shown promising results in supporting people to adopt healthy routines. Persuasive systems have therefore received increasing attention from researchers over the past decade. Behavior Change Support Systems are an object of persuasive technology. These systems are designed to facilitate behavior change process over an extended period of time. This dissertation comprises of six studies, including two investigative, two experimental, and two field studies. An effort has been made to consecutively build these studies to formulate a central research question: To what extent virtual rehearsal augmented with reminders influence overall efficacy of health Behavior Change Support Systems? The primary theoretical underpinning is the Persuasive Systems Design model, which highlights seven postulates and twenty-eight software features for developing Behavior Change Support Systems. However, in the presented work, reminders and virtual rehearsal are explicitly studied. The interplay between these software features is examined through using a mixed-method research approach, using qualitative methodology as a core research approach. The results indicate that carefully selected and integrated persuasive software features have significant impact on the overall efficacy of Behavior Change Support Systems. Presented work addresses health behavioral change as a critical aspect of healthcare, and also extends contemporary research on critical issues in healthcare including task adherence, attrition and compliance<br>Tiivistelmä Uudet informaatioteknologiat ovat mahdollistaneet sellaisten vakuuttavien järjestelmien kehittämisen, jotka voivat tukea terveellisten käyttäytymismallien omaksumisessa ja niiden ylläpitämisessä. Sekä web-pohjaisilla että jokapaikan tietojärjestelmillä on saatu lupaavia tuloksia terveellisten rutiinien omaksumisessa. Vakuuttavat järjestelmät ovat näin viimeisen vuosikymmenen aikana saaneet kasvavaa huomiota tutkijoilta. Yksi vakuuttavan teknologian tutkimuskohteista on käyttäytymisen muutoksen tukijärjestelmät. Nämä järjestelmät on suunniteltu helpottamaan käyttäytymisen muutoksessa pitkähkön aikajakson kuluessa. Tämä väitöskirja koostuu kuudesta tutkimuksesta, sisältäen kaksi eksploratiivista, kaksi kokeellista ja kaksi kenttätutkimusta. Kyseiset tutkimukset on suunnitelut siten, että on voitu muodostaa yksi keskeinen tutkimuskysymys: Missä määrin virtuaalinen harjoittelu yhdessä muistutusten kanssa voi vaikuttaa käyttäytymisen muutoksen tukijärjestelmien tehokkuuteen? Pääasiallisena teoreettisena pohjana toimii vakuuttavien järjestelmien PSD-suunnittelumenetelmä (Persuasive Systems Design Model), joka korostaa seitsemää perusoletusta ja 28 ohjelmisto-ominaisuutta tällaisten käyttäytymisen muutoksen tukijärjestelmien kehittämisessä. Tässä väitöskirjassa on keskitytty tutkimaan erityisesti virtuaalisia muistutuksia ja virtuaalista harjoittelua. Kyseisiä ohjelmisto-ominaisuuksia on tarkasteltu käyttämällä mixed-method -tutkimustapaa erityisesti laadullisella tutkimusotteella. Tässä tutkimuksessa saadut tulokset osoittavat, että järjestelmien huolella valituilla ja toteutetuilla vakuuttavilla ominaisuuksilla on merkittävä vaikutus käyttäytymisen muutoksen tukijärjestelmien tehokkuuteen. Väitös osoittaa terveyskäyttäytymisen muutoksen olevan kriittinen osa terveydenhoitoa. Väitöstyö myös lisää terveydenhoidon tietämystä sen kriittisissä ongelmissa, erityisesti harjoituksiin sitoutumisessa tai vastaavasti harjoitusten tekemättä jättämisessä ylipäätään ja ohjeiden noudattamisessa
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Donohue, John J. "Impact of descriptive versus evaluative constructive feedback on public speakers' performance self-efficacy." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ66146.pdf.
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Almudhi, Abdulaziz. "The efficacy of speech-hand synchronization treatment for adults who stutter." Thesis, University of Reading, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.625469.
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Introduction: The study compares a current and widely used treatment program for adult stuttering (Camperdown program; CP) with a new speech hand synchronization (SHS) approach, developed by the researcher, which combines fluency shaping and cognitive components with the use of hand gesture to help facilitate fluency. Methodology: The treatment phase of the research was carried out at the King Abdulaziz Medical City- National Guard Hospital in Saudi Arabia, Riyadh. Using a randomised control trial approach, 30 matched adults who stutter were assigned to one of three groups: 10 clients each in the SHS, CP and control groups. Experimental participants were seen for a total of 16 treatment sessions occurring twice weekly over a ten-week period. Participants were assessed for cognitive and behavioural changes using both qualitative and quantitative measures at baseline, immediately post-treatment, and follow-up of three and six months. Results: Both CP and SHS were found to significantly reduce stuttering compared to the control group, but no significant differences between the SHS and CP were observed in any post clinical assessments as assessed by the Stuttering Severity Instrument version 4. However, unlike CP, SHS was also found to have a positive effect in assessments measuring well-being and self-perceptions. Discussion and conclusion: Results indicate that SHS significantly improves the cognitive and behavioural reactions to stuttering, and also improves positive functional communication difficulties compared to control and CP groups. It is argued that the success of SHS rests in a combining attention to cognitive and affective aspects of treatment alongside the reinforcement of the speech and hand gesture synchronization. Ideas for further development of the SHS program are discussed.
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Baker-Rush, Meredith Lynn. "Self-Efficacy, Perceived Skills, and Real Knowledge of Speech-Language Pathologists." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3083.
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Although speech language pathologists' (SLPs) knowledge of communication and swallowing has been undisputed, their knowledge and skills related to tracheostomy and mechanical ventilation (MV) seem varied. The consequences associated with the presence of tracheostomy or MV demonstrate the necessity of training. Guided by Bandura's social cognitive theory, this study was designed to determine if SLPs' training influenced self-efficacy and real knowledge, and to evaluate trends associated with SLPs' pursuit of specialized training. A total of 236 SLPs practicing in the United States responded to a researcher-developed knowledge and confidence test for tracheostomy and mechanical ventilation (KCT-TMV). Data were analyzed via ttest, one-way ANOVA with post hocs, regressions, and correlations. Knowledge scores of SLPs were low as identified by responses on the KCT-TMV. SLPs reported confidence and high self-efficacy, yet those ratings did not correlate with high levels of knowledge. Therefore, some SLPs may not recognize they lack knowledge/competency. A lack of competency in continued practice is a violation of the Rules and Code of Ethics of the American Speech Language Hearing Association as well as nonmaleficence. Trends related to the pursuit of training were focal to a lack of resources from employers and inconsistencies in healthcare practice. These results may bring positive social change to the training of SLPs. By doing so, the social impact may result in improved patient care and patient health outcomes for the tracheostomized and MV patient populations.
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Venuti, Ilaria <1985>. "Politeness, indirectness and efficacy in Italian and German requestive speech acts." Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/18444.
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Questo studio si propone di analizzare nel dettaglio la realizzazione degli atti linguistici "richieste" in italiano e in tedesco. In particolare, viene messo in discussione il quadro teorico utilizzato nel CCSARP (Cross cultural speech acts realization project), che presentava una rigida classificazione della direttezza delle richieste in varie lingue, e adottato nel precedente studio “A comparison of the realization of requestive speech acts in Italian and in German” (2013). Si suggerisce quindi un nuovo modello di classificazione delle richieste, specifico per l’italiano e il tedesco, che permette una analisi più affidabile dei dati. Successivamente, si approfondisce la preponderanza della gentilezza positiva o negativa, la struttura tematica del discorso e il ruolo attribuito alle interruzioni nelle due lingue. Il diverso profilo conversazionale che ne emerge permette di interpretare meglio la direttezza della forza illocutoria delle richieste, cogliendo l’importanza attribuita dagli intervistati alla gentilezza, rispetto all’efficacia. Questa dimensione viene ulteriormente sondata guardando alle mosse di supporto, che possono agire compensando o avvallando la direttezza e che possono mirare alla persuasione o al convincimento dell’interlocutore. In ultimo, vengono presentate alcune possibili ripercussioni dei risultati emersi nella didattica del tedesco come lingua straniera.
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Sugden, Eleanor, Elise Baker, Natalie Munro, A. Lynn Williams, and Carol M. Trivette. "The Efficacy of Training Parents to Deliver Multiple Oppositions Intervention to Children with Speech Sound Disorders." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2030.
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Tsoi, Kong-yin. "Efficacy of a thematic mapping treatment on Cantonese-speaking aphasic patients." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36208449.
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Thesis (B.Sc)--University of Hong Kong, 2002.<br>"A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science (Speech and Hearing Sciences), The University of Hong Kong, May 10, 2002." Also available in print.
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Poussa, Cherry. "Designing and evaluating virtual persuasive agents in providing social support for Web-based learning self-efficacy in nurse education." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/42226/.
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Students learning in blended learning and classroom environments benefit from social interaction and vicarious learning experience with their peers and tutors. In comparison, students learning via self-directed Web-based learning cannot benefit from these advantages and may feel isolated. This research investigates if the presence of virtual persuasive agents presented as avatars, happy images and encouraging text can provide social support similar to real peers and improve students’ Web-based learning self-efficacy (WBLSE). This research also examines if low and high fidelity virtual persuasive agents can provide social support in a similar way. This study uses Bandura’s (1982) self-efficacy theory as a framework for changing nursing students’ beliefs in using the Web for learning. The basis for including virtual persuasive agents in this research stems from the media equation theory (Reeves & Nass, 1996) which holds that Computers are Social Actors (CASA) and that people respond to Web-based media as if they were social actors. Adopting the User-Centred Design approach, a bespoke Web-based training package was developed for changing pre-registration and post-registration nursing students’ WBLSE. In a quasi-experimental design, the package was delivered in three separate studies to different groups of pre-registration and post-registration nursing students. Several important findings contributed to the WBLSE body of knowledge. Overall, the training package was found to be effective with the nursing students’ WBLSE improving equally in the intervention groups in all studies. Pre-registration students showed the greatest improvement when learning by self-direction supported by virtual persuasive agents, whereas post-registration students improved when learning in a blended setting without their support. Low-fidelity virtual persuasive agents were sufficient in providing social support for pre-registration students in self-directed settings. The implications for Web-based learning in nurse education, research and practice are discussed.
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Richards, Stephanie A. "Measurement and Features of Persuasive Writing in Undergraduate Students with and without Written Language Disorders." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1371130329.
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Silver, Marisa. "Use of Teacher-Supported Goal Setting to Improve Writing Quality, Quantity and Self-Efficacy in Middle School Writers." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/13296.
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The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of a writing workshop with a goal setting intervention on writing quality, quantity and self-efficacy. Students in Treatment 1 used the writing workshop process and received a teacher-supported goal setting intervention in the self-edit step of the writing process consistent with the Self-Regulated Strategy Development approach. Students in Treatment 2 received only writing workshop instruction and a generic checklist in the self-edit step. Students in the Comparator group received business-as-usual writing instruction in their language arts/social studies block. Writing measures document quality of writing through a holistic scale, quantity of writing through word counts, and the quantity of writing through parsable units. The Writer Self-Perception Scale, or WSPS, measured students' self-efficacy in writing for the Treatment 1 and Treatment 2 groups. This study expands on existing research that explores strategy interventions in writing workshops to increase student achievement in writing.
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Rose, A. Danielle, and Marc A. Fagelson. "Efficacy of Treatment in a VA Tinnitus Clinic." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2004. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1614.
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Self-assessment forms and diagnostic tests were used to assess benefits of a treatment program that addressed tinnitus and hyperacusis severity in a population of 30 veterans (29 males, 1female) between the ages of 43 and 79. Patients were enrolled in the treatment program for an average of 20.8 months (range=12-31 months). For the purposes of this study, tinnitus was defined as the subjective perception of a sound lacking an environmental correlate. Hyperacusis was defined as the over-sensitivity to an environmental sound present at a level that would not produce excessive loudness for individuals with normal hearing sensitivity. Treatment strategies included guided counseling regarding auditory and neurological mechanisms of tinnitus coupled with sound therapy designed to reduce the tinnitus disruption. Sound therapy instruments utilized by the subjects included hearing aids, cochlear implants, bedside noise generators, and near-level tinnitus maskers. The tinnitus handicap inventory (THI), self-assessment forms, and loudness discomfort level (LDL) testing were administered to assess benefit of the treatment program. Subjects were first interviewed using an interview form adapted from Jastreboff and Jastreboff, 1999. The THI was then administered in interview format to all patients. Initial sessions were approximately two hours in length. Follow-up sessions lasted approximately one hour. Most patients returned for at least three follow-up visits over the course of their treatment. The correlation between the patients hearing thresholds and the tinnitus handicap inventory (THI) score were poor, consistent with previous reports. Pre and post-testing with the THI indicated that 36.7% of the test subjects experienced significant improvement in tinnitus handicap. The total scores and all sub-scale scores on the THI showed statistically significant improvements. An analysis of the self-assessment forms revealed that 27% of the subjects experienced improvement with concentration, 27% experienced improvement with sleep, 36.7% experienced improvement with quiet recreational activities, and 23.3% experienced improvement with social activities. LDL testing was administered at the initial and post treatment sessions with twenty-two of the thirty subjects. LDL testing indicated that hyperacusis severity was reduced by 13.6% in the right ear and 4.6% in the left ear from the initial evaluation to the post treatment evaluation. Regarding test subject satisfaction with the treatment program, 93.3% expressed satisfaction, and 90% indicated they would be unhappy if asked to return their sound generating devices. Test subjects appeared to be satisfied with their overall experiences with the tinnitus treatment program. The clinical implications of these findings will be discussed.
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Anderson, Deborah Ellen. "Parental Perceptions of the Efficacy of Clinical Intervention for Speech-Language Disorders at Portland State University's Speech and Language Clinic." PDXScholar, 1996. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4932.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the survey as a method of assessing client satisfaction with clinical services and to then assess parental satisfaction of clinical services at Portland State University's language clinic using the survey method. The survey asked questions regarding the parents' perceived benefits from the clinic, their perception of the skills of the clinicians who served their children, and the parents' perception of the clinical atmosphere. Eighty-five Consumer Satisfaction Surveys were mailed to 81 parents of children receiving services at Portland State University Speech-Language Clinic between the years 1987 and 1994. Eleven surveys were returned, all containing a signed consent letter, representing a 13% rate. Determining the cause behind the poor response rate for this particular survey was not difficult. No surveys were returned from the years 1987 through 1989. The highest percentage of return was from the year 1994 (38% ), indicating that higher response rates were achieved if the client was polled within 1 year of using clinical services. To further substantiate this conclusion, two of the parents contacted by telephone refused to participate in the survey, and gave length of time as the reason behind their refusal. The overall response to the survey was positive, indicating a high rate of satisfaction among the survey respondents with the services provided at the Portland State University Speech-Language clinic.
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Hall, Courtney D. "Efficacy of Gaze Stability Exercises." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/582.
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Alsaad, Manal. "The Efficacy and the Applicability of Phonological Contrast Therapy for Arabic-Speaking Children with Speech Sound Disorders." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/20539.
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The aim of the work presented in this thesis was to provide evidence based practice for phonological contrast therapy (PCT) applied in Arabic. This thesis investigated the following approaches: minimal pairs, maximal oppositions, and multiple oppositions. It was designed to provide evidence based interventions for children who speak Arabic and are diagnosed with speech sound disorders in order to minimize their risk of facing academic failure and socio-emotional problems. Evidence shows that phonological contrast interventions will help children who speak English to improve their speech production once they receive effective and efficient therapy (Baker & McLeod, 2011). However, the impact of such interventions for children speaking Arabic is not known. The results of the studies presented in this thesis represent an original and a novel contribution to the field of speech pathology in the Middle East. Chapter 1 is an introduction of the thesis which introduces the speech pathology services in Kuwait, and provides some back ground information about the country. Chapter 2 is a literature review on definitions of speech sound disorders, particularly phonological-based ones. It also discusses the prevalence of speech sound disorders, and the lifelong impact of them if left untreated. Chapter 3 is a survey investigating the current practice of Speech Language Pathologists (SLPs) working in the Middle East. Chapter 4 is a literature review on phonological contrast therapy approaches. Chapters 5, 6, and 7 Present the core studies of the thesis, we examined maximal oppositions, multiple oppositions and minimal pairs for five children. Three children showed improvement indicating that PCT work for Arabic speaking children, but not for every child. Chapter 8 is a discussion that synthesizes findings of all four studies.
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Smith, Sherri L., and Marc A. Fagelson. "Development of the Self-Efficacy for Tinnitus Management Questionnaire." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1589.
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Background: Self-efficacy refers to the beliefs (i.e., confidence) individuals have in their capabilities to perform skills needed to accomplish a specific goal or behavior. Research in the treatment of various health conditions such as chronic pain, balance disorders, and diabetes shows that self-efficacy beliefs play an important role in treatment outcomes and management of the condition. This article focuses on the application of self-efficacy to the management of tinnitus. The first step in formally incorporating self-efficacy in existing treatment regimens or developing a self-efficacy approach for tinnitus treatment is to have a valid and reliable measure available to assess the level of tinnitus self-efficacy.
Purpose: The objective of this study was to develop the Self-Efficacy for Tinnitus Management Questionnaire (SETMQ) and to obtain the psychometric properties of the questionnaire in a group of patients with tinnitus.
Research Design: Observational study.
Study Sample: A total of 199 patients who were enrolled in the Tinnitus Clinic at the James H. Quillen Veterans Affairs Medical Center participated in the current study.
Data Collection and Analysis: The SETMQ was mailed to patients enrolled in the Tinnitus Clinic. The participants who completed one copy of the SETMQ were mailed a second copy to complete approximately 2 weeks later. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted to identify the most coherent subscale structure of the SETMQ. The internal consistency and test‐retest reliability for each of the subscales and the questionnaire as a whole were assessed. The validity of the SETMQ also was evaluated by investigating the relations between the SETMQ and other clinical measures related to tinnitus.
Results: Five components emerged from the factor analysis that explained 75.8% of the variance related to the following areas: (1) routine tinnitus management, (2) emotional response to tinnitus, (3) internal thoughts and interaction with others, (4) tinnitus concepts, and (5) use of assistive devices. Four items failed to load on any factor and were discarded, resulting in 40 items on the final SETMQ. The internal consistency reliability of the overall questionnaire and for each subscale was good (Chronbach's α ranged from .74 to .98). Item-total correlations ranged from .47 to .86, indicating that each item on the SETMQ correlated at a moderate or marked level with the SETMQ aggregate score. Intraclass correlation coefficients were computed to determine the test‐retest reliability of the SETMQ total scale and separately for each subscale, which were all above .80, indicating good test‐retest reliability. Correlations among the SETMQ subscales and various tinnitus-related measures (e.g., Tinnitus Handicap Inventory, tinnitus loudness rating, tinnitus distress rating, etc.) were significant, albeit indicative of fair to good relations overall (range r = ‐.18 to ‐.53).
Conclusions: The results of the current study suggest that the SETMQ is a valid and reliable measure that may be an insightful instrument for clinicians and investigators who are interested in assessing tinnitus self-efficacy. Incorporating self-efficacy principles into tinnitus management would provide clinicians with another formalized treatment option. A self-efficacy approach to treating tinnitus may result in better outcomes compared with approaches not focusing on self-efficacy principles.
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Lin, Huey Hannah. "Contextualizing linguistic politeness in Chinese a socio-pragmatic approach with examples from persuasive sales talk in Taiwan Mandarin /." Connect to this title online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1109961198.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.<br>Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 192 p.; also includes graphics Includes bibliographical references (p. 177-192). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Williams, Leslie Rachele. "EFFICACY OF A COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY-BASED INTENSIVE SUMMER CAMP FOR AN ADOLESCENT WHO STUTTERS: SINGLE-SUBJECT DATA." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2016. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/390932.
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Communication Sciences<br>M.A.<br>Clinicians are increasingly incorporating cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)-based approaches into fluency treatment for children and adolescents who stutter. However, minimal research examines the efficacy of such programs. The present study assesses the efficacy of a CBT-based, intensive, five-day summer camp that promotes self-acceptance and aims to improve the quality of life of adolescents who stutter. Specifically, this study examines whether the camp is effective in reducing state and trait anxiety, decreasing the negative impact of stuttering on daily life, and increasing fluency. A single-subject design on a 14-year old, male adolescent who stutters, LM, and personal interview data with LM’s mother, MM, are utilized. Post-treatment, LM’s scores reflect improvements in self-efficacy surrounding communication situations, as measured by the Self-Efficacy for Adolescents Scale (SEA-Scale), and improvements in overall speaking-related quality of life, as measured by the Overall Assessment of the Speaker’s Experience of Stuttering – Teen (OASES-T). These improvements were maintained at one and three months follow-up. Nonetheless, a large degree of variation in percent syllables stuttered (%SS) and LM’s consistently low rates of state and trait anxiety, as measured by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC), suggest that additional study is warranted before conclusions can be drawn about the efficacy of the summer camp program on reducing stuttering severity and anxiety.<br>Temple University--Theses
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Thomas, Donna Claire. "Rapid Syllable Transition treatment for Childhood Apraxia of Speech: exploring treatment efficacy in three service-delivery contexts." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17697.
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Many children are unable to access speech pathology treatment at the recommended intensity. To address this problem, clinicians use a range of strategies: modifying treatment intensity, mode or delivery agent. Accessing sufficient speech pathology treatment for children with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) is particularly difficult because treatment should be delivered face-to-face, by a clinician, 3–5 times per week. One relatively new treatment for CAS, rapid syllable transition (ReST) treatment has demonstrated significant acquisition and generalisation effects when delivered intensively, face-to-face, by a clinician. This thesis uses three separate single-case experimental studies to investigate the efficacy of ReST treatment when provided via alternative service-delivery approaches. Lower dose-frequency, telehealth delivery, and a combined clinician–parent delivery model were explored. The studies showed that both lower dose-frequency and telehealth delivery were efficacious. Combined clinician–parent delivery was efficacious for fewer than half the children. Parental experiences of telehealth and of the combined clinician–parent delivery models were investigated qualitatively. The parents reported positive experiences of telehealth, finding it convenient and time-efficient. They had concerns about the combined clinician-parent delivery model, reporting discomfort in the role of therapist, and low levels of confidence and competence in delivering treatment. This thesis supports implementation of both lower dose-frequency and telehealth delivery of ReST treatment. Despite the intuitive appeal of parent-delivered treatment for overcoming access barriers, this thesis does not support clinical application of parent-delivered ReST treatment. This thesis argues for further investigation of intensity variables in CAS treatment and methods for improving parent-delivered treatment efficacy, and the need to ensure clients receive sufficient service provision
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Smith, Sherri, and Marc A. Fagelson. "Preliminary Psychometric Results of a Tinnitus Self-Efficacy Questionnaire." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2008. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1630.
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Brashear, Helene Margaret. "Improving the efficacy of automated sign language practice tools." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/34703.
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The CopyCat project is an interdisciplinary effort to create a set of computer-aided language learning tools for deaf children. The CopyCat games allow children to interact with characters using American Sign Language (ASL). Through Wizard of Oz pilot studies we have developed a set of games, shown their efficacy in improving young deaf children's language and memory skills, and collected a large corpus of signing examples. Our previous implementation of the automatic CopyCat games uses automatic sign language recognition and verification in the infrastructure of a memory repetition and phrase verification task.
The goal of my research is to expand the automatic sign language system to transition the CopyCat games to include the flexibility of a dialogue system. I have created a labeling ontology from analysis of the CopyCat signing corpus, and I have used the ontology to describe the contents of the CopyCat data set. This ontology was used to change and improve the automatic sign language recognition system and to add flexibility to language use in the automatic game.
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Harris, Karen Patricia. "Speech-language pathologists' professional efficacy beliefs about assessing the language skills of bilingual/bicultural/bidialectal students." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0001071.
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Rollins, Erin. "Explorations of self-efficacy: Personal narratives as qualitative data in the analysis of smoking cessation efforts." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28020.
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Research has found that an individual's perceived self-efficacy, supported by goals and the acceptance of potential obstacles, has the ability to assist in behaviour modification. By examining the narratives of cardiovascular patients undergoing smoking cessation counselling, this research highlights factors that individuals communicate in their narratives regarding changes to self-efficacy throughout the process of smoking cessation. As such, the study examines how social cognitive theory explains individuals' abilities to change their addictive behaviours. Narrative analysis is used to establish those factors that cardiovascular patients assert to be motivating or impeding factors in their smoking cessation efforts, particularly in relation to their initial readiness to quit smoking. The findings are significant for the health domain regarding the implementation of new smoking cessation counselling practices, and for the field of communication, underlining the value of narrative analysis and interpersonal communication as tools in producing detailed results based on rich and comprehensive qualitative data.
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Reigner, Nathan P. "Exploring Visitors: Using the Theory of Planned Behavior to Understand Visitor Behavior and Improve the Efficacy of Visitor Information in Haleakalā National Park." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36048.
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Resource and visitor experience degradation in Haleakalā National Park resulting from recreational use of the Pools of 'Ohe'o has led park officials to discourage visitor use of the pools. This study uses the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to examine relationships among visitors' attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control with regard to exploring the pools, their intentions to explore, and their actual behaviors while visiting the pools. Further, this study examines the influence of persuasive messages on visitors' behavior at the pools. Persuasive message treatments emphasize either the dangers of exploring the Pools of 'Ohe'o or resource protection and visitor experience impacts of recreational use at the pools. Through regression analysis of attitudes, norms, and perceived behavioral control with intention to explore, TPB is generally found to be an effective model for understanding visitor behavior at 'Ohe'o's Pools, particularly when visitors are exposed to persuasive messages. Results of analysis of variance indicate that the TPB model components of attitudes and subjective norms with regard to traveling companions and National Park Service officials are influenced by exposure to the persuasive treatment messages. Additionally, both intention to explore the pools and observed exploration behavior are significantly lower among those visitors receiving any persuasive treatment message. Thus, results of this research generally support the individual relationships assumed within TPB. With identification of the most influential components of visitor behavior, as understood through the TPB model developed in this study, managers of Haleakalā National Park will be able to develop and apply persuasive interpretive messages that maximize safe and sensitive visitor recreational behavior at the Pools of 'Ohe'o.<br>Master of Science
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Suberman, Rachel. "Teaching Caregivers to Implement Speech-Generating Device-Based Mand Training: Evaluating the Efficacy of Behavioral Skills Training." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7094.
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Many individuals with developmental disabilities do not develop vocal repertoires. Thus, teaching the use of an augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) device is imperative. A speech-generating device (SGD) is an example of an AAC that is universally understood. Individuals with developmental disabilities have been taught to communicate using such device. Teaching caregivers to conduct communication training with their children may be one to way to foster communication in an individual’s natural environment. Thus, the purpose of this study was to extend previous research by using behavioral skills training (BST) to teach caregivers to implement SGD-based mand training using an adapted training sequence. Additionally, we evaluated whether training caregivers to implement mand training with their children resulted in an increase of independent mands in their children. This study found that BST was effective in teaching caregivers to implement SGD-based mand training with their children. Additionally, independent mands increased from pre-training to post-training observations for two children.
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Parr, Michelann. "More than words: Text-to-speech technology as a matter of self-efficacy, self-advocacy, and choice." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18738.
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This dissertation recognizes that reading is far more than decoding and identifying individual words on the printed page. Reading is not only a matter of skill and strategy, but it is also intertwined with choice, access, self-efficacy, and self-advocacy as a reader. While many students will develop these characteristics within the context of traditional print texts, there will be some who have limited access to print texts as a result of inefficient word-solving and code breaking. This ethnographic inquiry recounts the story of one classroom community nested within multiple contexts, as individual participants emerge into the world of text-to-speech technology. Students and teachers in this inquiry came to view text-to-speech technology not as an isolated support or an add-on, but as an alternative text format. It became a choice they could make similar to that of genre or author. Participants in the inquiry developed a sense of empathy for and understanding of readers who struggle and the role that technology can play in the reading process. Participant tales describe three students' discovery of text-to-speech technology and the choices they made with regard to ongoing use. This inquiry acknowledges the complexity of implementation and discusses supportive contexts for text-to-speech technology use. Results suggest that belief systems, legitimate use, time, and opportunity are pre-requisites for meaningful and authentic implementation and adoption. This inquiry adds to our understanding of how new technologies can be used to support and enhance reading in the classroom. This inquiry suggests that text-to-speech technology is a contemporary innovation that should be considered part of best practice instruction for all students, not simply those who struggle. Text-to-speech technology, offered as a whole class intervention, is one way to recognize the diversity of students and celebrate individual difference, instead of accentuating it.<br>Cette thèse constate que la lecture est bien davantage que l'acte de décoder et d'identifier différents mots sur la page imprimée. La lecture est non seulement une question de compétence et de stratégie, mais elle est également entrelacée avec le choix, l'accès, l'efficacité de l'individu et les préférences qu'il exige en tant que lecteur. Tandis que beaucoup d'étudiants développeront ces caractéristiques dans le contexte des textes traditionnels, il y en aura qui ont auront un accès limité aux textes en raison de difficultés de décodage et de comprehension des mots. Cette enquête ethnographique raconte l'histoire d'une communauté particulière de salle de classe nichée dans des contextes multiples, où les différents participants émergent au monde de la technologie texte-voix. Les étudiants et les professeurs dans cette enquête ont appris à considérer la technologie texte-voix non pas comme un appui isolé ni un ajout, mais plutôt comme une veritable mise en forme alternative devenue un choix qu'ils puissant faire, semblable à un choix de genre ou d'auteur. Les participants dans l'enquête ont développé un sens d'empathie pour les lecteurs en difficulté et une compréhension approfondie du rôle que la technologie puisse jouer dans le processus de lecture. Les rapports des participants décrivent la découverte par trois étudiants de la technologie texte-voix et des choix qu'ils ont faits en ce qui concerne l'utilisation continuelle de cette technologie. Cette enquête reconnaît la complexité de l'exécution de ce mode d'emploi de la technologie et discute des contextes de support pour l'usage de la technologie texte-voix. Les résultats suggèrent que l'acceptation, l'utilisation légitime, le temps, et l'occasion en seraient des conditions préalables à l'exécution et à l'adoption signicatives et authentiques. Cette enquête s'ajoute à notre compréhension de la façon dont certaines nouvelles technologies puissent êt
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DesJardin, Jean Louise. "Maternal self-efficacy and involvement supporting language development in young deaf children with cochlear implants /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2004. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=795931251&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Hall, Courtney D., Stephanie Audiology Rouse, Richard Atlee, Musu Sesay, Katharina Echt, and Faith W. udiology and Speech Lang Pathology Akin. "Efficacy of Gaze Stability Exercises in Older Adults with Non-vestibular Dizziness." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/580.
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Lambert, Janet Rose. "Efficacy of a cycling approach for the treatment of developmental verbal dyspraxic preschoolers." PDXScholar, 1992. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4364.
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Two preschool males who presented with the characteristics of developmental verbal dyspraxia were enrolled in a phonological cycles intervention approach. Initially, each child's deviant phonological processes were analyzed by the CAPD and target patterns and words selected for remediation. A continuous speech sample was obtained and analyzed to measure intelligibility by percentage and rating on a seven point scale. A time-space probe was developed based on targeted and non-targeted phonemes and administered prior to the first intetvention session. Using the selected targeted patterns and words, an individualized remediation plan was developed, and the phonological process cycling approach used. Each subject participated in 60 minutes of intervention for each targeted pattern to complete the first cycle in approximately 10 weeks. The time-space probes were administered approximately every two weeks.
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Oliveira, Beatriz Morais Melo de. "Study of the efficacy of new tools for detecting deceit." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/22157.
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Doutoramento em Psicologia<br>Detecting deceit is still a difficult task, despite researchers’ efforts to improve lie detection techniques. Several theories and techniques have been developed and tested. We begin this thesis with a general literature review of lie detection research, where the reasons to why people lie are outlined, as well as possible explanations to the difficulty of the lie detection processes. Then, we discuss multidisciplinary lie detection techniques based on verbal, non-verbal and psychophysiological cues. We end Chapter 1 with a more extensive review on cognitive-based lie detection techniques since multiple research suggests that lying is mentally more taxing than telling the truth. Scholars have been working on lie detection tools that can magnify the differences between liars and truth tellers by manipulating their mental state. Because liars are already in a vulnerable position due to lying, a request that increases their mental load may result in more cues of cognitive effort in liars than in truth tellers. These theories were the starting point for the empirical studies described in Chapters 2, 3 and 4, which aimed to overcome some of the problems than hamper lie detection. Chapter 2 describes a study where a Computerised Emotional Stroop Task (CEST) was used as a secondary task to impose cognitive load. The CEST was based on the orienting reflexes that guilty suspects seem to experience towards recognised information. Differences between liars and truth tellers emerged concerning some speech cues regardless of the condition (information-gathering interview or information-gathering interview and CEST). Results also suggested that the CEST imposed similar levels of cognitive load both in liars and truth tellers. Thus, researchers should be careful with the method used to increase cognitive load as it may affect all the interviewees. Chapter 3 consists of a study that involved elements from a Portuguese security force (GNR) whose task was to judge the veracity of statements collected during the study described in Chapter 2. In this study, we aimed to analyse the accuracy rate of the elements of GNR in discriminating liars and truth tellers during both interviewing conditions and to analyse the cues they rely on to make a judgment. Results suggested that observers tended to make veracity judgments based on emotional states such as nervousness, which can explain the low accuracy rate obtained. The study on Chapter 4 analysed the effects of social anxiety as an interpersonal difference in the cues elicited by lie detection processes. Interviewees with different levels of social anxiety lied or told the truth, and the results showed differences between liars and truth tellers socially and non-socially anxious. The main conclusion was that professionals should assess social anxiety before conducting lie detection interviews. Finally, in Chapter 5 we summarise the current studies and present their main conclusions and practical utilities. We discuss some common limitations on lie detection research and what can be done to improve it, also presenting a research line for future studies in the area.<br>Várias teorias e técnicas têm sido desenvolvidas e testadas para melhorar a deteção do engano. Iniciamos esta tese com uma revisão geral da literatura existente sobre deteção de mentiras, onde são abordadas as razões pelas quais as pessoas mentem, bem como possíveis explicações para a dificuldade destes processos. De seguida discutimos técnicas multidisciplinares de deteção de mentiras baseadas em pistas verbais, não-verbais e psicofisiológicas. Terminamos o Capítulo 1 com uma revisão mais ampla sobre técnicas de deteção de mentiras baseadas numa abordagem cognitiva, uma vez que mentir é geralmente mais exigente cognitivamente do que dizer a verdade. Investigadores têm desenvolvido ferramentas de deteção de mentiras que ampliem as diferenças entre mentirosos e inocentes, manipulando o seu estado mental. Uma vez que os mentirosos já estão numa posição vulnerável devido a estarem a mentir, uma tarefa que aumente sua carga mental pode resultar em mais pistas de esforço cognitivo nos mentirosos do que nos inocentes. Estas teorias foram o ponto de partida para os estudos empíricos descritos nos Capítulos 2, 3 e 4, que visaram superar alguns dos problemas que dificultam a deteção de mentiras. O Capítulo 2 descreve um estudo em que uma Tarefa de Stroop Emocional Computadorizada (TSEC) foi usada como tarefa secundária para impor carga cognitiva. A TSEC teve por base os reflexos orientados que os culpados parecem experimentar perante informações críticas que reconhecem. Diferenças entre mentirosos e inocentes emergiram em algumas pistas de discurso, independentemente da condição (entrevista de recolha de informação ou entrevista de recolha de informação e TSEC). Os resultados também sugerem que a TSEC impôs níveis semelhantes de carga cognitiva em mentirosos e inocentes. É sugerido que os investigadores tenham cuidado com o método usado para aumentar a carga cognitiva, pois este pode afetar todos os entrevistados. O Capítulo 3 consiste num estudo com elementos da Guarda Nacional Republicana (GNR) cuja tarefa foi avaliar a veracidade de depoimentos do estudo do Capítulo 2. Neste estudo, analisámos a taxa de acerto dos elementos da GNR na discriminação de mentirosos e inocentes em ambas as condições de entrevista, bem como aquilo em que se basearam para julgar. Os resultados sugerem que os observadores tendem a fazer julgamentos de veracidade baseados em estados emocionais, como nervosismo, o que pode explicar a baixa taxa de acerto obtida. O estudo do Capítulo 4 analisou os efeitos da ansiedade social como diferença interpessoal nas pistas exibidas durante entrevistas de deteção de mentiras. Os entrevistados, com diferentes níveis de ansiedade social, mentiram ou não, e os resultados mostraram diferenças, sugerindo que os profissionais devem avaliar a ansiedade social antes de realizar estas entrevistas. Finalmente, no Capítulo 5 revemos os estudos, salientando as suas principais conclusões e impacto na prática. Discutimos ainda algumas limitações dos estudos de deteção de mentiras, apresentando sugestões para melhorá-los, bem como linhas de investigação promissoras para o futuro.
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Fagelson, Marc A., and Sherri L. Smith. "Tinnitus Self-Efficacy and Other Tinnitus Self-Report Variables in Patients With and Without Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1598.
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Objective: Individuals with tinnitus and co-occurring psychological conditions typically rate their tinnitus as more disturbing than individuals without such comorbidities. Little is known about how tinnitus self-efficacy, or the confidence that individuals have in their abilities to successfully manage the effects of tinnitus, is influenced by mental or psychological health (PH) status. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of psychological state on tinnitus perceptions and tinnitus self-efficacy in individuals with chronic tinnitus.
Design: Observational study. Three groups (N = 199) were examined and included: (1) those with tinnitus without a concurrent psychological condition (tinnitus-only; n = 103), (2) those with tinnitus and concurrent PH condition other than post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD; tinnitus + PH; n = 34), and (3) those with tinnitus and PTSD (tinnitus + PTSD; n = 62). The Self-Efficacy for Tinnitus Management Questionnaire (SETMQ) was administered. Responses on the SETMQ were compared among the groups, as well as to other indicators of tinnitus perception such as (1) the percentage of time tinnitus was audible (tinnitus awareness), (2) the percentage of time tinnitus was distressing/bothersome, (3) tinnitus loudness, (4) tinnitus handicap inventory scores, (5) subjective ratings of degree of hearing loss, and (6) subjective ratings of sound tolerance problems.
Results: The tinnitus + PTSD group reported significantly poorer tinnitus self-efficacy levels on average than the tinnitus-only group on all SETMQ subscales and poorer self-efficacy levels than the tinnitus + PH group for most subscales (except for routine management and devices). Tinnitus self-efficacy levels were similar between the tinnitus + PH and tinnitus-only groups except for the emotional response subscale in which the tinnitus-only patients reported higher self-efficacy on average than both the other groups. Group differences were not seen for tinnitus loudness ratings nor for the amount of time individuals were aware of their tinnitus. Group differences were observed for the percentage of time tinnitus was distressing/bothersome, self-reported degree of hearing loss, sound tolerance problems ratings, and responses on the tinnitus handicap inventory (THI). In general, the group differences revealed patient ratings for the tinnitus-only group were least severe, followed by the tinnitus + PH group, and the tinnitus + PTSD group rated tinnitus effects as most severe. With all patient responses, the tinnitus + PTSD group was found to be significantly more affected by tinnitus than the tinnitus-only group; in some cases, the responses were similar between the tinnitus + PTSD and tinnitus + PH group and in other cases, responses were similar between the tinnitus + PH group and the tinnitus-only group.
Conclusions: Tinnitus self-efficacy, along with other self-assessed tinnitus characteristics, varied across groups distinguished by PH diagnoses. In general, individuals with tinnitus and concurrent PTSD reported significantly poorer tinnitus self-efficacy and more handicapping tinnitus effects when compared to individuals with other psychological conditions or those with tinnitus alone. The group differences highlighted the need to consider tinnitus self-efficacy in intervention strategies, particularly for patients with tinnitus and concurrent PTSD as the results reiterated the unique ability of PTSD to interact in powerful and disturbing ways with the tinnitus experience and with patients’ coping ability.
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Gottliebson, Renee O. "Efficacy of Cool-Down Exercises In the Practice Regimen of Elite Singers." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1307441963.
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Campbell, Elizabeth M. "Efficacy of Long-Term Use of Vocal Cool Downs as Analyzed through Aerodynamic Measurements." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1430424728.
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Powell, Maria E. "The Efficacy of Laryngeal Imaging to Assess the Effect of Vocal Fold Masses on Vibratory Function." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1428065983.
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Peterson, Emily Louise. "The Efficacy of EPG Assisted L2 Pronunciation Instruction: An Audio-Perceptual Analysis of the Speech of Native Japanese Learners of English." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2020. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8973.
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As there is a clear correlation between one's degree of proficiency in the English language and one's subsequent financial compensation in the workplace setting and in interpersonal relationships, improving one's speaking abilities can be highly valuable from both a financial and emotional perspective. This study examines the efficacy of an electropalatography (EPG) assisted pronunciation training program in helping native Japanese learners of English acquire and improve the /r/ and /l/ sound contrast in American English, as rated by a group of listeners. Additionally, it evaluates whether or not the degree of improvement varied across word position, task type, or assessment period. Four native Japanese speaking learners of English participated in a four-week program which included seven 45- minute training sessions enhanced with visual biofeedback from the EPG. Samples of their productions of the target phonemes were obtained at baseline, at posttreatment, and at follow-up assessment periods. Using a visual analogue scale, 36 adult listeners listened to these recordings and provided comparative auditory perceptual ratings. Overall, subjects showed greater improvement in their production of the phoneme /l/ than in the phoneme /r/. Phoneme-specific patterns emerged in terms of word position, task type, and assessment period. For the phoneme /l/, more improvement was seen in final position than initial position, more improvement was seen in nonsense syllables than in words, and improvements were maintained across posttreatment to follow-up assessment periods. For the phoneme /r/, roughly equal levels of improvement were seen across word position, while greater improvement was seen in the context of words in sentences than in nonsense syllables, and posttreatment showed greater levels of improvement than did follow-up assessment periods. These results are promising as it indicates that EPG assisted pronunciation training may be an effective vehicle to help L2 English language learners acquire and improve their productions of the /r/-/l/ phonemic contrast. This is significant, as the Japanese L2 population has typically been found to be highly resistant to more traditional forms of intervention.