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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Efficiency wages

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Academic literature on the topic 'Efficiency wages'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Efficiency wages"

1

Knell, Markus. "Efficiency wages, staggered wages, and union wage-setting." Oxford Economic Papers 66, no. 3 (2014): 848–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oep/gpu016.

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Ramaswamy, Ramana, and Robert E. Rowthorn. "Efficiency Wages and Wage Dispersion." Economica 58, no. 232 (1991): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2554695.

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BLACK, DAN A., and JOHN E. GAREN. "EFFICIENCY WAGES AND EQUILIBRIUM WAGES." Economic Inquiry 29, no. 3 (1991): 525–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7295.1991.tb00844.x.

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Faria, João Ricardo. "Profitability, investment, and efficiency wages." Journal of Applied Mathematics and Decision Sciences 2005, no. 4 (2005): 201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/jamds.2005.201.

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We examine a model that blends the neoclassical theory of investment with an intertemporal efficiency wage model with turnover costs. Investment decisions in capital are associated with the allocation of labor and the determination of efficiency wages. The model relates Tobin's q to efficiency wages and, in particular, to the Solow condition. It provides a general framework to analyze firm's intertemporal choices of capital, labor and efficiency wages.

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Piyapromdee, Suphanit. "RESIDUAL WAGE DISPERSION WITH EFFICIENCY WAGES." International Economic Review 59, no. 3 (2018): 1315–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/iere.12305.

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Muysken, Joan, and Tom van Veen. "Efficiency Wages and Local Wage Bargaining." Scandinavian Journal of Economics 98, no. 1 (1996): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3440584.

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Bradley, Michael E. "Efficiency Wages and Classical Wage Theory." Journal of the History of Economic Thought 29, no. 2 (2007): 167–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10427710701335901.

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In The General Theory, John Maynard Keynes lumped together the marginalist and neoclassical economics of the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries and the more narrowly defined “classical” economics of Adam Smith, David Ricardo, J. R. McCulloch, James and John Stuart Mill and other mainstream economists of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth into what he called the “classical theory of employment,” which he reduced to two “fundamental postulates”:(a) The wage is equal to the marginal product of labour…(b) The utility of the wage when a given volume of labour is employed is equal to the marginal disutility ofthat amount of employment…(Keynes 1936, p. 5).

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Moll, Peter G. "Industry wage differentials and efficiency wages." Journal of Development Economics 41, no. 2 (1993): 213–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3878(93)90057-t.

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Morris Morant, Rosetta A., and David C. Jacobs. "Frontiers of efficiency wages: unconventional wisdom?" Journal of Management History 24, no. 3 (2018): 300–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmh-09-2017-0045.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to trace the historical foundation of the efficiency wage theory and examine its conceptual framework against other wage theories, in relation to conventional practices in human resource management. Design/methodology/approach Following a description of various wage theories, a conceptual analysis maps the evolutionary process of efficiency wage theory. Findings The concept of efficiency being applied to wages appears to evolve from Smith. The difference between the classical and the institutionalists’ perspectives appears to be the meaning ascribed to efficiency. Clark seemed to be the first one to examine the relationship between labor and productivity. Webb expanded the meaning of efficiency and demonstrated the relationship with productivity. Institutional and behavioral theorists further developed and advocated for efficiency wages. A synthesis of recent empirical studies provides support for the theory, which challenges conventional human resource management wage practices. Practical implications The findings solidify the usefulness of efficiency wage theory not only as a motivational management tool but also as a source for social and economic well-being. Originality/value The contribution of this historical account is that it synthesizes the root and development of efficiency wages theory. It also highlights the social context of the theory and provides an interface between economic and management perspectives.

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A. Burki, Abid. "Efficiency Wages in Pakistan's Small Scale Manufacturing." LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 4, no. 1 (1999): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.1999.v4.i1.a1.

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This paper investigates wage differentials between workers in subcontracting and non-subcontracting firms, using data from a recent survey of small manufacturing firms in Gujranwala, Pakistan. The paper finds that subcontracting workers receive a high wage premium and invokes efficiency wage arguments to explain this differential. The paper argues that due to a client/vendor monitoring problem it is optimal for subcontracting firms to pay higher than the market clearing wages. The use of Heckman's two stage procedure to test for sample selection bias fails to give such evidence. A decomposition of the wage differentials indicates that endowment differentials partly explain higher wages for subcontracting workers while the bulk of this wage gap is explained by differential returns to workers' attributes.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Efficiency wages"

1

Bruno, Giovanni Salvatore. "Duality and nonparametric approaches to efficiency wages." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242732.

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Zagler, Martin. "Endogenous growth, efficiency wages and persistent unemployment." Inst. für Volkswirtschaftstheorie und -politik, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 1999. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1456/1/document.pdf.

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This paper establishes theoretical relations between the level of unemployment and the economic growth rate. In a model with a monopolistically competitive manufacturing sector and a competitive innovation sector, which both pay efficiency wages, we find that the unemployment rate exhibits an unambiguously negative impact on the long-run growth performance, as it reduces the innovative capacity of the economy. Only if efficiency levels are different across sectors, we can also establish a causal relation from the growth rate to the rate of unemployment, since less innovation shifts the burden to induce efficiency towards the manufacturing sector, thus fostering unemployment. (author's abstract)<br>Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series

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Lindsay, William. "Law enforcement performance standards and wages a test of the efficiency wage hypothesis /." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Fall2009/W_LINDSAY_110809.pdf.

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Georgiadis, Andreas. "Efficiency wages in low-wage labour markets and the economic effects of the minimum wage." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/9d698b57-f74b-46ed-b53c-f61f90778c13.

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Oh, Min-Hong. "A study on the trade-off between supervision and wages an empirical test of efficiency wage theory /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4143.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005.<br>The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (July 18, 2006) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

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Coimbra, Rui. "Expectations-driven business cycles under the efficiency wages hypothesis." Thesis, University of York, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298331.

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Larsen, Jens Ditlev J. "Macroeconomic implications of labour market frictions and efficiency wages." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286998.

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Audas, Richard Peter. "Three empirical essays on absenteeism." Thesis, Bangor University, 1999. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/three-empirical-essays-on-absenteeism(0c0a17cf-302d-4b6e-9234-b7793998f712).html.

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Absenteeism is a widely observed phenomenon that has received a great deal of attention from academics who argue that it is an excellent proxy for individuals' attitude to work and commitment to their jobs. Unfortunately, very little of this work has been done by economists. The little economics that has been done has tended to view absenteeism as a measure of the supply of effort. Given the paucity of economic analysis on absenteeism, the psychology, sociology and management literature is reviewed to examine the extent to which their approach and that of an economist have common ground. Upon careful reading, it becomes evident these disciplines offer similar perspectives. Probably the most researched area of absenteeism is the relationship between absence and turnover. Although there is much contention as to what the relationship between these two phenomena should be, most researchers view this as a means to test the hypothesis of withdrawal. This thesis examines the problem somewhat differently and suggests that the approach of much of the empirical work is misguided. An alternative methodology to examine these phenomena is suggested and tested using a very large and detailed database. The results suggest there is a positive correlation between absence and turnover, although the relationship is more complex than described in the literature. One area where economists have made a great deal of theoretical progress is in the examination of why absence might vary across firms. The key insight is that production technology may affect the shadow cost of absence and if the costs of absence differ across firms, then there will be different levels of motivation to reduce it. It is argued that not only will the shadow cost of absence vary across firms, it will also vary over time and a theoretical model is developed to demonstrate this. There is a presumption in the literature that absenteeism is inversely related with the business cycle. However, the empirical work on the subject only models absence as a supply side phenomenon. This introduces a significant identification problem. At the very time when individuals are least likely to go absent, firms' demand for reliable labour will be at its lowest. The empirical work in the chapter models absence from both the supply and the demand side and the findings confirm that both play a significant role in determining absence. The finding that firms' demand for reliable labour may vary through the business cycle is novel and receives further investigation. The data is dissaggregated to determine the robustness of the relationship between demand side factors and the business cycle. At broad levels of disaggregation, the results remain quite strong, although there does appear to be a difference between unionised and nonunionised workers. At finer levels of dissaggregation the results are not as conclusive. This is attributed to the relatively small samples used to derive the individual absence series and the resulting increased volatility that emerges due increased variability from the use of small samples.

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Chand, Jatin Economics Australian School of Business UNSW. "Tests of the Solow efficiency wage model using Australian aggregate industry and macro economic time series data." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Economics, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/24289.

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This thesis assesses the efficiency wage hypothesis using Australian industry and macro economic time series data by focussing on two questions: whether paying an above market clearing wage called the efficiency wage raises industry output and productivity, and if such a payment causes unemployment at the macro economic level. The wageproductivity or wage-output nexus is investigated using three techniques; namely a decomposition procedure used by Huang, Halam, Orazem, and Paterno (1998), an instrumental variable estimation method, and the Solow residuals approach. Further, an examination of macro economic unemployment involves developing an aggregate unemployment equation, where the Solow (1979) model is used to derive a testable hypothesis. The Solow model argues that effort, which is a function of the wage, enters the production function when the real wage is rigid. By introducing profit maximising behaviour and making further economic assumptions, the Solow condition that the effort elasticity with respect to the wage is one can be derived. The theoretical framework of Solow is useful as specifying a production function allows the possibility of aggregate data being used to assess the wage-productivity prediction. The Solow condition is also useful because it provides the basis for constructing a testable hypothesis using an unemployment equation. Solow???s theoretical framework and the Solow condition does not rely on the economic assumptions of the shirking, labour turnover, sociological and adverse selection [micro economic] efficiency wage models. Therefore, the innovation of this thesis is to treat the efficiency wage hypothesis as an imperfectly competitive model of the labour market using applied macro economic methods. Previous Australian macro economic literature in the 1970s and 1980s have argued that the wage is either harmful to employment prospects (ie unemployment is classical), or that factors such as consumption and investment are more important (ie unemployment is Keynesian). One of the aims of the thesis is to use the empirical analysis to suggest that neither of these propositions is entirely correct. Rather, an intermediate position is arrived at by arguing that there is some empirical evidence in Australian industry and macro economic time series data to suggest that the wage plays a dual function: both as a small source of productivity and also a minor cause of involuntary unemployment.

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Sousa, João Paulo Saraiva Martins de. "Paying the right way : a statistical analysis on the wages in the Premier League." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14468.

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Mestrado em Finanças<br>Esta dissertação usa métodos estatísticos da temporada de 2016-2017 da English Premier League para calcular salários, relativos a parâmetros de performance dos jogadores, tendo em conta que o modelo atual de avaliação de jogadores é ineficiente em cumprir as expectativas de stakeholders quanto à definição de valor. Fundamentalmente, stakeholders querem saber quanto devem pagar a um jogador. Consequentemente, visto que a principal despesa dos clubes de futebol profissionais é a remuneração dos jogadores, o uso de um modelo mais avançado pode levar a um decréscimo de dificuldades financeiras ou do risco de bancarrota. Com esse fim em mente, esta dissertação foca-se na criação de um modelo que ajude nesse mesmo problema. As descobertas sugerem que aqueles que tomam decisões em clubes de futebol devem consultar estatísticas avançadas com maior frequência - devido a decisões de gestão salarial questionáveis - e aponta para direções de investigação futura bastante prometedoras.<br>This dissertation uses statistical techniques within the English Premier League 2016-2017 season to calculate salaries relative to player's performance parameters, taking into account the current player evaluation system's insufficiency to fulfill the expectations of stakeholders regarding the definition of value. Ultimately, stakeholders want to know how much players should be paid. Consequently, since the largest expense items in the budget of professional sports teams is the remuneration of players, they can decrease the risk of financial distress or even bankruptcy. To that end, this thesis focuses on creating a model to tackle this very issue. The findings imply that decision-makers in professional football should consult more advanced player statistics to a greater extent - due to questionable salary management decisions - and points out some promising directions for further research.<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

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Books on the topic "Efficiency wages"

1

Ramaswamy, Ramana. Efficiency wages and wage dispersion. Department of Applied Economics, University of Cambridge, 1990.

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Wintrobe, Ronald. Social efficiency: Models of wages and efficiency wages. Government and Competitiveness, School of Policy Studies, Queen's University, 1993.

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Wintrobe, Ronald. Social efficiency: Models of wages and efficiency wages. Government and Competitiveness, School of Policy Studies, Queen's University, 1993.

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Wintrobe, Ronald. Social efficiency: Models of wages and efficiency wages. Queen's University, Government and Competitiveness, School of Policy Studies, 1993.

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Wintrobe, Ronald. Social efficiency: Models of wages and efficiency wages. Government and Competitiveness, School of Policy Studies, Queen's University, 1993.

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Fitzroy, Felix R. Monopol, efficiency wages and minimum wages. St. Salvator's College, 1999.

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Lorenz, Wilhelm. Discrimination by efficiency wages. Department of Economics, University of Stirling, 1991.

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Blackburn, McKinley L. Unobserved ability, efficiency wages, and interindustry wage differentials. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1991.

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McIntosh, Steven. Union bargaining and efficiency wages. typescript, 1992.

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Barmby, Tim. Absenteeism, efficiency wages and shirking. LoughboroughUniversity of Technology, Department of Economics, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Efficiency wages"

1

Stanley, T. D. "Efficiency Wages." In The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Strategic Management. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-94848-2_690-1.

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Weiss, Andrew. "Efficiency Wages." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_2144-1.

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Stanley, T. D. "Efficiency Wages." In The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Strategic Management. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-00772-8_690.

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Zagler, Martin. "Efficiency Wages." In Growth and Employment in Europe. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230506329_2.

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Weiss, Andrew. "Efficiency Wages." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95189-5_2144.

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Meeusen, Wim, and Vesna Stavrevska. "Efficiency Wages and Inequality." In Growing Income Inequalities. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137283306_8.

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Korzec, Michael. "Efficiency Wages and Enterprise Behaviour." In Labour and the Failure of Reform in China. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11804-5_5.

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Cugno, Franco, and Mario Ferrero. "Efficiency Wages in the Share Economy." In Share Systems and Unemployment. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11530-3_7.

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Murphy, Kevin M., and Robert H. Topel. "Efficiency Wages Reconsidered: Theory and Evidence." In Advances in the Theory and Measurement of Unemployment. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10688-2_8.

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Goldberg, Ellis. "Efficiency Wages, Moral Economies, and Involution." In Trade, Reputation and Child Labor in Twentieth-Century Egypt. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403976833_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Efficiency wages"

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Oransay, Gürçem. "An Examination of the Relationship between Exports and Wages for Turkey." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00746.

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In this study the together with increasing foregin trade after trade liberalization, affects of changing income distribution on wages has been discussed. Assuming wages as an issue of income distribution, it continues with foregin trade theories which are related to foreign trade and affect of export on wages in particular. The developments such as effective markets after trade liberalization, high efficiency and removal of barriers in front of international trade increase cost competitiveness and wage levels change. It is still discussed whether foreign trade has positive or negative affects on wages but it can be claimed that differences of opinion vary depending on economical structures and trade volumes of countries. Using a model which has been supplied from both theoretical and practical literature, this research will try to find out affects of export and openness on wages using unit root test, cointegration techniques and error correction mechanism on Turkish economy during the period of 1988:Q1-2010:Q4. Affects of both export and openness on wages has been studied seperately for sub sectors of Turkish Manufacturing Industry. Although there is not a full compliance in all sectors which are studied in all models within periods examined, it has been found out that export and openness create a negative affect on wages.

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Bule, Larisa, Līga Leitāne, and Kristīne Rozīte. "Personal income tax reform in Latvia: assessment of effect." In Contemporary Issues in Business, Management and Economics Engineering. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cibmee.2019.069.

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Personal income tax (PIT) policy in Latvia has been changed significantly in 2018 with the aim to reduce the tax burden and increase the income of working population by amending progressive tax rates and increasing the non-taxable minimum and minimum wage. Purpose − the aim of this study is to estimate the impact of PIT reform by assessing the effect of implementation of non-taxable minimum, deductions and substantiated spending on the dynamics of income and tax administration efficiency. Research methodology − PIT theoretic and normative concepts have been analyzed; unpublished data on actual wages in 2015−2018 provided by Latvian State Revenue Service and State Social Insurance Agency have been estimated. Findings − the main conclusion of this study is that the aim of the reform has not been achieved: income inequality hasn’t been reduced, an increase of income has been irrelevant, the gains from the reform have become unobtainable for the most unprotected groups because of the insufficient level of income. The implementation of the differentiated non-taxable minimum has generated PIT debts and higher administrative burden. Practical implications − the study may be implemented in case of progressive PIT for the reassessment of the tax framework and its future development. Originality/Value − this study is original, the actual effect of PIT reform in Latvia previously hasn’t been analyzed.

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Gueorguiev, Nikolay, Atanas Nachev, and Konstantina Belotelova. "Efficiency of a Sensor Network for Analyzing Surface Seismic Waves Taking into Account its Functional Reliability." In 2020 2nd International Conference on Control Systems, Mathematical Modeling, Automation and Energy Efficiency (SUMMA). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/summa50634.2020.9280674.

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Danilevičienė, Irena, and Boguslavas Gruževskis. "The interactions between wages and productivity nurturing the country’s competitiveness." In Business and Management 2016. VGTU Technika, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2016.45.

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Nowadays wages are determined according to the results of the work but the increase of salaries leads to the higher productivity and efficient work. Here is a strong interaction between wage and productivity, which leads to the country’s competitiveness development. The object of research – the interactions be-tween the wage and productivity. The goal of the article is to assess the influence of wage and productivity on the country’s competitiveness. In addition, the following tasks have been implemented: to analyse the theoretical aspects of productivity and wage; to reveal the connection between productivity and wage and to assess the influence of this interaction on the country’s competitiveness. In this article, the following methods of analysis are used: an analysis and summarize of the scientific literature, the theoretical and practical statements matching method, analysis of the statistical data, correlation and regression analysis.

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Xue, Wan-dong. "The Study for Efficiency Wage Theory Models." In 2010 International Conference on E-Product E-Service and E-Entertainment (ICEEE 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceee.2010.5660741.

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Jorns, Benjamin, and Edgar Choueiri. "Efficiency of Plasma Heating with Beating Electrostatic Waves." In 47th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-5894.

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Latzel, P., F. Pavanello, S. Bretin, et al. "High efficiency UTC photodiode for high spectral efficiency THz links." In 2017 42nd International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irmmw-thz.2017.8067090.

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Rabiei, P., and A. F. J. Levi. "Efficient optical coupling to Bloch waves." In CLEO 2001. Technical Digest. Summaries of papers presented at the Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Postconference Technical Digest. IEEE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cleo.2001.948201.

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Joshi, Shrinivas G., Boris D. Zaitsev, and Iren E. Kuznetsova. "Efficient reflectors for ultrasonic Lamb waves." In Smart Materials and MEMS, edited by Dinesh K. Sood, Ronald A. Lawes, and Vasundara V. Varadan. SPIE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.420862.

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Li, Yanyan, Mohammed M. Olama, and James J. Nutaro. "Frequency waves, Grid Friendly Appliances and geographic limits in a smart grid." In 2010 IEEE Conference on Innovative Technologies for an Efficient and Reliable Electricity Supply. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/citres.2010.5619807.

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Reports on the topic "Efficiency wages"

1

Dickens, William, Lawrence Katz, and Kevin Lang. Are Efficiency Wages Efficient? National Bureau of Economic Research, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w1935.

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Krueger, Alan, and Lawrence Summers. Efficiency Wages and the Wage Structure. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w1952.

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Summers, Lawrence. Relative Wages, Efficiency Wages, and Keynesian Unemployment. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w2590.

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Blackburn, McKinley, and David Neumark. Unobserved Ability, Efficiency Wages, and Interindustry Wage Differentials. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w3857.

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Raff, Daniel M. G., and Lawrence Summers. Did Henry Ford Pay Efficiency Wages? National Bureau of Economic Research, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w2101.

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Heutel, Garth, and Xin Zhang. Efficiency Wages, Unemployment, and Environmental Policy. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w27960.

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Gustman, Alan, and Thomas Steinmeier. Pensions, Efficiency Wages, and Job Mobility. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w2426.

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Hall, Robert. Employment Efficiency and Sticky Wages: Evidence from Flows in the Labor Market. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w11183.

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Zanoni, Wladimir, and Ailin He. Citizenship and the Economic Assimilation of Canadian Immigrants. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003117.

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In this paper, we examine whether acquiring citizenship improves the economic assimilation of Canadian migrants. We took advantage of a natural experiment made possible through changes in the Canadian Citizenship Act of 2014, which extended the physical presence requirement for citizenship from three to four years. Using quasi-experimental methods, we found that delaying citizenship eligibility by one year adversely affected Canadian residents' wages. Access to better jobs explains a citizenship premium of 11 percent in higher wages among naturalized migrants. Our estimates are robust to model specifications, differing sampling windows to form the treatment and comparison groups, and whether the estimator is a non-parametric rather than a parametric one. We discuss how our findings are relevant to the optimal design of naturalization policies regarding efficiency and equity.

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Katz, Lawrence. Efficiency Wage Theories: A Partial Evaluation. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w1906.

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