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Xu, Xin (Cindy). "Development of "Energy Efficient Housing Design"." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/603462.
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Ismail, Mohamed A. (Mohamed Abdelbagi). "Materially efficient structural floor systems for housing in India." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/123590.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, 2019Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 137-139).
.In 2015, the government of India launched the "Housing for All by 2022" initiative to build 20 million units of affordable urban housing for lower income groups. Thus far, they have built fewer than two million units. In India, it is estimated that material costs can constitute 60 to 80% of the total cost of residential construction. Nonetheless, their construction mimics the materially inefficient practices of developed countries, practices developed to reduce labor over material costs. As a result, prismatic beams and flat slabs are frequently used despite their structural inefficiency. In its current state, the construction industry is resource intensive and unsustainable. The mounting use of steel-reinforced concrete structures in Indian cities has also garnered concern for the environmental costs of construction; construction accounts for 22% of India's carbon emissions.
The impact of structural systems on a building's embodied energy are immediately apparent: cement and steel are responsible for nearly 90% of a multistory concrete frame building's total embodied energy, and at least 50% of that is in the horizontally-spanning elements alone. With no end to construction in sight, new practices are needed to curb the environmental and economic costs of India's construction. This thesis explores the design of materially efficient floor systems that can reduce the economic and environmental costs of construction. Utilizing computational structural design, this thesis presents several strategies for the structural optimization of one-way concrete floor systems. Designed for the constraints of India, the structural elements are optimized to reduce the necessary volume of concrete and steel while resisting the same loads of an equivalent solid prismatic beam or slab.
While structural optimization for material efficiency is not a new practice, it is technically challenging and often reserved for large-scale and exclusive architectural projects. Conversely, this research applies these principles to common residential construction.
by Mohamed A. Ismail.
S.M.
S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture
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Karol, Elizabeth. "Energy efficient design in housing of small floor area : appropriateness in housing for the aged." Curtin University of Technology, Faculty of Built Environment, Art and Design, 2003. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=14106.
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This thesis seeks to address energy efficient design in a temperate climate in typical small, medium density housing, particularly in housing for the aged. The connections between energy efficient design and small, medium density housing were identified as contemporary issues related to Australian Government policies in two disparate areas. One policy area is reflected in the Government's commitment to assist older people, whether they are active, early retirees or the frail elderly, wealthy or poor, to live in their chosen place of residence. Increasingly this chosen place of residence may be a small, medium density dwelling. The other policy area is that related to reducing energy consumption in buildings. This policy is reflected in recently proclaimed building regulations aimed at reducing space heating/cooling requirements in housing. The building regulations include details of acceptable construction practice for energy efficiency that may not be appropriate in small, medium density housing. It was proposed in this thesis that extensive use of space heating and cooling in housing for the aged was required because well-established benchmarks for energy efficient design in a temperate climate were not generally appropriate in small, medium density dwellings and were particularly inappropriate in housing for the aged. `Appropriate' in this context referred to: indoor temperatures being acceptable without the need for space heating and cooling; retaining the site planning and general form of typical, medium density aged persons housing developments in suburban Australia; cost effectiveness over the life of a building; and fitting the needs of physically and financially vulnerable older people.The methods used to examine the notion of appropriateness commenced with a literature review that related to the general physical and economic status of older people and their needs and responses to space heating and cooling in the home. Further, the literature review considered the principles of energy efficient design and benchmark criteria for energy efficiency. Arising from the literature review, two tools of study were used in order to develop a set of data encapsulating the salient features of small, medium density housing. The first was a multiple case study of typical housing for the aged. This was conceived as a way of determining if small, medium density dwellings could provide appropriate indoor thermal conditions and/or were designed to be energy efficient. The indoor temperatures were monitored in summer and winter and annual energy consumption was established and statistically analysed. The building designs were analysed in terms of their orientation, glazing areas, wall areas, volumes of thermal mass and ventilation capacity and compared with benchmarks for energy efficient design. The second tool involved a series of computer simulations of a typical small, medium density dwelling. The simulation process was utilised to determine if a new set of benchmarks for energy efficient small, medium density dwellings were required that would incorporate the notion of appropriateness. From the multiple case study it was found that, irrespective of design, indoor temperatures in 98% of dwellings were above the acceptable maximum summer temperature of 27.4°C in still air and indoor temperatures in all dwellings were found to be below the acceptable minimum daytime temperature of 19.8°C.
The findings also showed that some aspects of the benchmarks for energy efficient design were not appropriate in typical, medium density housing constructed specifically for the aged. From the simulation process it was discovered that acceptable temperatures could be achieved in small medium density housing if the principles of energy efficient design, incorporated within a new set of benchmarks, were integrated with appropriateness criteria for housing for the aged. The approach taken with the new benchmarks was to create both performance based and prescriptive design solutions. The performance model differs from the current benchmarks for energy efficient design in that it establishes key functional objectives for energy efficient design. Compared to the current benchmarks, the prescriptive design solutions show significant reductions in the areas of northerly glazing and total glazing. To compensate for the reduced area of northerly glazing, both direct and indirect means of solar gain are utilised for passive heating. The thesis outcomes have implications for three areas of the construction industry. The prescriptive design solutions presented in building regulations for energy efficiency in housing need to be qualified, the design briefs prepared for energy efficient construction of small, medium density housing need amendment and the approach taken by designers involved in energy efficient small, medium density housing needs to be reconsidered.
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Sianga, Busisiwe Elizabeth. "An approach to sustainable, energy efficient design for low-cost housing in Botswana." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09222008-144556.
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Porter, Howard William. "Thermal performance of an occupied low energy house." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.481112.
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LaMantia, Rachel. "Housing for the Hopi Community: Designing Sustainable, Affordable and Energy Efficient Housing in the Hopi Community, Linking to Cultural Patterns of Sustainability." The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/337371.
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Sustainable Built Environments Senior CapstoneThis case study examines housing on the Hopi reservation, both traditional and contemporary and aims to create a future type of housing that will contribute to addressing the critical housing needs and alternative solutions addressing substandard housing on and for the Hopi people. Westernization has created a plague of substandard housing on the reservation that ignores pre-existing vernacular architecture and thus, the environment and the culture of the Hopi people. Rather, Westernization has created a move toward inexpensive, and quick but highly inefficient types of housing. The housing situation on Hopi presents a critical need for solution, an alternative to the substandard housing by creating a housing design that is sustainable, affordable and energy efficient. This solution can be found by (re)linking to cultural patterns of sustainability, essentially the history of a cultural people which includes traditional housing methods and materials. Traditional Hopi housing was studied and a list of common strategies was compiled from traditional houses on the reservation into a Basecase. Modern strategies were applied to the Basecase to create a Newcase. The percent savings in annual energy use and annual operation costs were compared between the two cases, however, it is important to note that the results were skewed due to a variety of factors that are discussed as limitations in the study. Nevertheless, the study offered an alternative housing solution, one that demonstrated significant savings in annual energy use and operation costs.
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Nesdoly, Mark J. "Affordable cost-in-use and neighborhood renewal through energy efficient housing renovations." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ62809.pdf.
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Schreckengost, Renee. "Energy-efficient housing alternatives: a predictive model of factors affecting household perceptions." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71258.
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The major purpose of this investigation was to assess the impact of household socio-economic factors, dwelling characteristics, energy conservation behavior, and energy attitude on the perceptions of energy-efficient housing alternatives. Perceptions of passive solar, active solar, earth- sheltered, and retrofitted housing were examined.
Data used were from the Southern Regional Research Project, S-141, "Housing for Low and Moderate Income Families." Responses from 1804 households living in seven southern states were analyzed. A conceptual model was proposed to test the hypothesized relationships which were examined by path analysis.
Perceptions of energy-efficient housing alternatives were found to be a function of selected household and dwelling characteristics, energy attitude; household economic factors, and household conservation behavior. Age and education of the respondent, family size, housing-income ratio, utility-income ratio, energy attitude, and size of the dwelling unit were found to have direct and indirect effects on perceptions of energy-efficient housing alternatives. Energy conservation behavior made a significant direct impact with behavioral energy conservation changes having the most profound influence.
Conservation behavior was influenced by selected household and dwelling characteristics, energy attitude, and household economic factors. Significant effects were found between conservation efforts and age, size, and condition of the housing unit, age and education of respondent, family size, and energy attitude.
Household economic factors were directly affected by selected household and dwelling characteristics. Age and education of respondent and age and condition of dwelling had significant effects on the proportion of monthly income spent for housing and utilities.Ph. D.
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Lindberg, Karin, and Anna Nordlander. "Housing projekt Pattaya Thailand." Thesis, Jönköping University, School of Engineering, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-615.
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This report will examine the problems and possibilities of building a luxurious modern residence in Pattaya, Thailand, incorporating the old traditional building styles of the wooden houses to an ecological house with a low demand for technology.
The client, B. Grimm Group, has recently set up a polo club in the vicinity of Pattaya and has requested a complete set of layouts regarding a planned housing area on the premises. The project includes a structure plan of the village area, perspectives, facades, building layouts and axonometric views of all house types, as well as garden plans. The written report works as a complement to the designs and explains the background to the final proposal.
The report also handles the building technology and construction process of building a traditional Thai house and briefly investigates the ecological aspects of building in Thailand.
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Lee, R. Kevin. "Advanced energy efficient upgrading for affordable homes in Canada." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22544.
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To what extent can the application of R-2000 and Advanced House energy standards to affordable housing be cost effective, and what are the most appropriate technologies for attaining this goal?While the technology to construct energy efficient houses exists, whether or not this is economically feasible at the affordable housing level remains undetermined. The current lack of knowledge of the issues related to energy efficiency in lower cost housing is a significant barrier to change.
The study provides a survey of some of the potential upgrades available on the Canadian market and reviews the incremental cost, performance and potential for acceptance of various options.
While varying fuel prices and economic conditions across the country result in equally variant levels of cost effectiveness, it is found that the R-2000 preferred packages, when combined with an energy efficient mortgage (EEM) discount or 1/4 percent, are cost effective in all but one case investigated. Without an EEM, R-2000 upgrading is not cost effective in regions with low fuel prices. Incremental costs for meeting the Advanced House standard are relatively high, but upgrading to this level is found to be cost effective in Halifax (even without an EEM) and in Toronto and Vancouver with an EEM. R-2000 packages should prove acceptable to both builders and buyers, while Advanced House performance requires more significant changes in current practice but could be popular where it is cost effective. Energy efficient upgrading for affordable housing does not appear to be prohibitively expensive in Canada and an opportunity exists to make a significant impact on residential energy consumption. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Burke, Andrew John. "Energy use, built form and housing layout in the United Kingdom : a comparative study." Thesis, Open University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317008.
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Sabattini, Alice, and Alice Magnani. "ECO|CASE Efficient Construction Options for Creating Affordable housing Solutions preventing Energy poverty." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/23097/.
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ECO|CASE propone la riqualificazione di un lotto ad angolo nel quartiere Bolognina, a Nord Est della città di Bologna. L’area di progetto è situata in prossimità dell’insediamento storico e corrisponde a un nodo di cerniera tra il tessuto consolidato del quartiere e la prospicente nuova area di espansione.
La sfida del progetto è reinterpretare il modello insediativo originario in chiave contemporanea, connettendo le due aree attraverso un complesso volumetrico capace di accogliere un Mix funzionale che combini un’innovativa offerta abitativa e alcuni servizi complementari, attualmente non presenti nel quartiere.
Il modello abitativo proposto cerca di rispondere alle trasformazioni economiche e sociali contemporanee, immaginando alcuni profili di utilizzo che si discostano dai modelli di utenza consolidati.
In particolare, l’offerta è rivolta alle generazioni più giovani in uscita dai nuclei famigliari di provenienza e a profili dinamici e transitori legati alle condizioni del nuovo mercato del lavoro.
Abitazione di primo accesso: prima soluzione abitativa a cui un individuo può far fronte in modo autonomo.
Alloggio temporaneo: soluzione capace di soddisfare i bisogni dell’individuo in movimento (studente e/o lavoratore).
Questi modelli si riferiscono a una permanenza più o meno limitata, connotata da flessibilità e dinamicità in un arco temporale che non supera i cinque anni.
Inoltre, considerando i profili di reddito associati all’utenza, tendenzialmente medio-bassi, la tesi mira a verificare come le prestazioni termofisiche dell’involucro edilizio possano influenzare il rischio che le nuove abitazioni siano causa di povertà energetica.
Tramite l’analisi di diverse tipologie di involucro e rivestimento esterno, si è cercato di ridurre i costi dell’alloggio individuando una soluzione adeguata a utenti dal medesimo profilo di reddito.
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Marsh, Phillipa. "House and home : a social reinterpretation of sustainable housing, looking beyond technically efficient buildings." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.665473.
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This thesis examines the role and value architectural design and experiences in occupancy can play in creating sustainable housing; as a liveable house and a homely place. Sustainable housing is a relatively new field, but is starting to move into mainstream housing. However, current sustainable literatures specifically in architectural design predominantly focus on adopting a technological perspective to creating sustainable housing. Alongside this, whilst post-occupancy evaluations are becoming increasingly widespread in this field, little is known about how people feel living in sustainable houses. This work questions these issues and addresses the gap in current knowledge. Central to this work are the processes and practices of designing these houses, the practical and emotional factors of liveability and homeliness and the impact of including new technologies on living in sustainable housing. The perceptions of architectural design in sustainable housing are explored from the perspective of housing professions involved in creating these houses. Occupants' experiences are also examined to determine a more involved perspective of living in these houses as homes. The research is framed around a qualitative inductive investigation, which used specific case studies to explore a range of experiences in sustainable housing; in both commercial housing development and one-off projects. Data was collected from interviews and observations with Architects, developers, housing industry representatives and occupants of existing sustainable houses. As a result, this research argues that the housing industry needs to look beyond quantifiable factors of achieving efficient, technical solutions and consider the wider social and creative possibilities available within sustainable housing. Discussions will show that understanding the experiences in design and occupancy is critical in advancing current sustainable practices and enabling this field to evolve into mainstream housing, as homes people want to live in.
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Rasisuttha, Sakkara. "An investigation of methods for reducing the use of non-renewable energy resources for housing in Thailand." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2297.
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The purpose of this research is to develop methods that reduce energy consumption in a
residential building in a hot and humid climate region (Thailand) using efficient architectural
building components and renewable energy (solar energy) to produce electricity, domestic hot
water, and supplemental cooling by night sky radiation.
Improving the architectural building components, including building materials, is an option
to reduce energy consumption in a building. Using renewable energy sources is another option to
reduce the consumption of non-renewable energy. In residential buildings, solar energy has been
utilized for space heating and domestic hot water using active solar collector systems and for
generating electricity using photovoltaic (PV) systems. One photovoltaic system, the hybrid
photovoltaic-thermal (PV-T) collector system, has been developed by several researchers over the
last 20 years. The hybrid photovoltaic-thermal (PV-T) collector system is a combination
photovoltaic (for producing electricity) and solar thermal collector (for producing hot water).
Theoretical and experimental studies of this collector have highlighted the advantages of the hybrid
PV-T collector system over separate systems of PV and solar collector in term of system efficiency
and economics. Unfortunately, very little experimental data exists that demonstrates the
advantages of a combined system. Therefore, one of the objectives of this study conducted was an
experimental study of this system as an auxiliary energy source for a residential building.
Night sky radiation has also been studied as a cooling strategy. However, no attempt so far
could be found to integrate it to a hybrid PV-T collector system. The night sky radiation strategy
could be operated with the hybrid PV/T collector system by using existing resources that are
already present in the solar system. The integration of the night sky radiation into the hybrid PV-T
collector system should yield more productivity of the system than the operation of the Hybrid PVT
system alone.
The research methods used in this work included instrumentation of a case-study house in
Thailand, an experimental PV-T collector system, and a calibrated building thermal simulation. A
typical contemporary Thai residential building was selected as a case-study house. Its energy use
and local weather data were measured and analyzed. Published energy use of Thai residential
buildings was also analyzed as well to determine average energy consumption. A calibrated
computer model of the case-study building was constructed using the DOE-2 program. A field
experiment of the thermal PV system was constructed to test its ability to simultaneously produce
electricity and hot water in the daytime, and shed heat at night as a cooling strategy (i.e., night sky
radiation). The resultant electricity and hot water produced by the hybrid PV-T collector system
helped to reduce the use of non-renewable energy. The cooling produced by the night sky radiation
also has to potential to reduce the cooling load. The evaluation of the case-study house and results
of the field experiment helped to quantify the potential reduction of energy use in Thai residential
buildings.
This research provided the following benefits: 1) experimental results of a hybrid PV-T
solar collector system that demonstrates its performance compared to typical system of separate
photovoltaic and solar collector, 2) results of night sky radiation experiments using a photovoltaic
panel as a radiator to demonstrate the performance of this new space cooling strategy, and 3) useful
data from the case-study house simulation results and guidelines to assist others in transferring the
results to other projects.
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LaMantia, Rachel Zoe, and Rachel Zoe LaMantia. "VERSAE: A Method for Developing Sustainable, Affordable and Energy Efficient Net-Zero Housing Linking Back to Vernacular Architecture." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/620726.
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The intent of this study was to design produce a comprehensible but user-friendly method that would provide a step-by-step process and guide in originating sustainable, affordable and energy efficient net-zero residential housing. The right-step procedure of the VERSAE Method was linked to the traditional vernacular architecture of the Hopi, a Native American people who still reside on part of their aboriginal lands in northeastern Arizona. The process combined traditional strategies identified in local vernacular Hopi architecture with modern strategies to successfully design sustainable, affordable and energy efficient (net-zero) housing specifically for contemporary Hopi housing. The process was documented in the capstone project, "Housing for the Hopi Community: Designing Sustainable, Affordable and Energy Efficient Housing in the Hopi Community, Linking to Cultural Patterns of Sustainability". For this thesis, the VERSAE method and process was replicate to create a sustainable, affordable and net-zero housing prototype for the Omaha Nation located in Nebraska with significantly different climate, environment, local materials and cultural patterns. Both case studies validated the VERSAE method as conductive to sustainable, affordable and energy efficient (net-zero) housing design.
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Karresand, Helena. "Creating new energy orders : Restrictions and opportunities for energy efficient behaviour." Linköpings universitet, Tema teknik och social förändring, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-94226.
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Technological development and regulations are gradually making buildings and appliances more energy efficient but household electricity use remains at relatively high levels and does not seem to be decreasing despite improvements in equipment. The point of departure in this paper is the potential for more energy efficient behaviour where household activities are concerned and how that can be studied. It focuses on public housing companies that have built passive houses, in which appliance use is an integral part of maintaining a comfortable indoor climate. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a model called energy orders for analysing household activities in passive houses and identifying restrictions and opportunities for energy efficient behaviour connected to laundry activities. Qualitative interviews have been conducted with public housing residents on their everyday activities and use of appliances. Results show that activities may be realised in very different ways, and they may result in more or less electricity use depending on the resources households use. However, households are affected by various restrictions that prevent them from making better choices energy wise. Also, opportunities for taking certain actions vary between households. While individual choices do matter the households are undoubtedly limited by restrictions shaped by housing companies and other organisations. Identifying the obstacles that deter households from acting more energy efficiently may increase the potential of the passive house to further reduce household electricity use. Housing companies need to provide more flexible solutions in order to create better opportunities for households to act in more energy efficient ways.
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Lam, Weng-i. Janiver. "An examination of efficiency of the Hong Kong private housing market." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42574304.
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Costello, Greg. "Price discovery and information diffusion in the Perth housing market 1988-2000." UWA Business School, 2004. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0034.
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[Truncated abstract] This thesis examines informational efficiency and price discovery processes within the Perth housing market for the period 1988-2000 by utilising a rich source of Western Australian Valuer General’s Office (VGO) data. Fama’s (1970) classification of market efficiency as potentially weak form, semi-strong, or strong form has been a dominant paradigm in tests of market efficiency in many asset markets. While there are some parallels, the results of tests in this thesis suggest there are also limitations in applying this paradigm to housing markets. The institutional structure of housing markets dictates that a deeper recognition of important housing market characteristics is required. Efficiency in housing markets is desirable in that if prices provide accurate signals for purchase or disposition of real estate assets this will facilitate the correct allocation of scarce financial resources for housing services. The theory of efficient markets suggests that it is desirable for information diffusion processes in a large aggregate housing market to facilitate price corrections. In an efficient housing market, these processes can be observed and will enable housing units to be exchanged with an absence of market failure in all price and location segments. Throughout this thesis there is an emphasis on disaggregation of the Perth housing market both by price and location criteria. Results indicate that the Perth housing market is characterised by varying levels of informational inefficiency in both price and location segments and there are some important pricing-size influences.
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Goff, Jason. "Sustainability and Affordability: How Single-Family Home Retrofits Can Achieve Both." The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/584147.
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Sustainable Built Environments Senior Capstone ProjectClimate change and resource availability are arguably the two biggest challenges humanity faces going forward. An unprecedented body of scientific work has been compiled over the past thirty years that indicates humans have and continue to be the largest driver of these environmental concerns, and therefore must also be responsible for any solutions. Buildings and their construction account for nearly 40% of the total energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in the United States. Water consumption by both buildings and thermoelectric power generation is also an issue, especially in the Southwest and Western United States. Green building has been gaining steam in the U.S. for the past two decades, but the primary focus has been in the commercial and industrial sectors. The residential markets have not seen the efficiency gains, primarily due to the perception that the cost isn’t worth the benefit. This project examines the need, feasibility, and potential benefits of sustainably retrofitting existing homes as an alternative to new construction. It provides a broad definition of sustainability and then focuses into a more narrow description of its application within the built environment. Using precedents, 3D modeling, and energy simulation software it compares the energy and water savings of a retrofit versus a base case as well as the performance of the average Southern Arizona home. Finally, this capstone project provides a professional cost estimate for the implementation of the proposed changes and a side-by-side look at the available “green” housing market, the utility cost savings for the homeowner, and the environmental benefits of individual as well as large-scale adoption of sustainable retrofitting practices.
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Ince, Mary E. "The concept of planned change and its application to energy efficient local authority housing : theory, diagnosis, development and evaluation." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1988. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/847554/.
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The research described in this thesis consisted of the study of the concept of Planned Change, its application in diagnosing a particular problem, the implementation of a programme of planned change and its evaluation. The particular problem which gave rise to this research was the question of how to bring about a widespread increase in the efficient use of energy in local authority housing. This arose as a result of my membership of a small R & D group (SLCEG), working on local authority housing, where we had previously found that empirical evidence and rational argument was insufficient to encourage energy efficient housing design. The Concept of Planned Change offered an appropriate framework for investigating the problem as it is oriented towards improving social conditions through non-coercive means and provides for: identifying the various participants in the change process, diagnosis of the problem, setting goals and objectives, choosing strategies and designing a programme of activities and then monitoring their effect. Diagnosis of the problem identified that a multifaceted approach was required to solve the problem so that the design of the planned change programme included bringing about the formulation of an Energy Policy, creation of awareness of the benefits, practicality and affordability of energy efficient dwellings, identification and utilisation of leverage points and various other educational and facilitative activities. The Evaluation of the programme included both objective and subjective methods and indicated that a significant movement towards energy efficiency has been achieved but that adoption of this change is not evenly spread and that there are areas of resistance yet to be overcome. As a result of the evaluation, modifications to the programme of planned change were proposed which will include alterations to the exhibition, further educational activities - courses, workshops, etc. and wider dissemination of the energy savings achieved.
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Shanks, Kirk B. P. "The optimal deployment of energy efficient envelope technologies within the Northern Ireland Housing Executive existing stock." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390608.
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Eltrapolsi, Ali. "The efficient strategy of passive cooling design in desert housing : a case study in Ghadames, Libya." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/12001/.
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The study aims to understand the passive design strategies of domestic vernacular buildings in hot dry climate and to apply design techniques which can utilize the favourable and at the same time can minimize the unfavourable elements of the local climate on a modern building. This aim was led to evaluate and propose application of design solutions of passive cooling techniques for improving the indoor thermal environment condition. However, this study was considering thermal performance of building envelope in naturally ventilated buildings toward reducing energy loads in hot arid zone of Libya and Ghadames city in particular in terms of using passive cooling techniques, which has the most profound effect on a building’s indoor environment.
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Johnson, Stuart Clark. "Section 103(b) (4) (A) of the internal revenue code: can the tax code provide an efficient and effective low income "housing program"? ; (an economic analysis)." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/94470.
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Section 103(b)(4)(A) the Internal Revenue Code was examined to determine its e££ectiveness in helping to achieve the goal of the federal government's low income housing policy--"a decent home and a suitable living environment for every American family."
A theoretical analysis of the general excise subsidy model on which this program is based highlighted certain empirical factors on which to focus to determine the potential effectiveness of the program. A theoretical analysis of the particular mechanism used resulted in a measure of effectiveness of providing a subsidy through tax-exempt bond financing.
Empirical analysis basically showed that the mechanism is ineffective. Therefore, recent recommendations to abolish Section 103(b)(4)(A) are sound.M.A.
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Chung, Kai-yin, and 鍾啟然. "An efficient tool for improving living standards?: a time-series analysis on subsidized housing programsafter the handover." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46756140.
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Lam, Weng-i. Janiver, and 林穎怡. "An examination of efficiency of the Hong Kong private housing market." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42574304.
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Yue, Louisa K. (Louisa Ka-Li) 1973. "The location efficient mortgate : a strategy for promoting transit-supportive housing : a case study of San Juan, P.R." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70717.
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Conway, Rochelle. "Barriers and incentives to the adoption of innovative, energy- efficient housing: passive and active solar and earth sheltered." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53681.
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The purpose of this study was to determine intermediaries’ perceptions of barriers and incentives to innovative, energy efficient housing in Iowa. Data was collected by two surveys. The questionnaire for the first survey collected data from 102 communities in Iowa. Respondents were asked to determine the number of building permits issued for all new single family dwellings between 1975 and 1985 as well as the number of permits issued that were for passive solar, active solar, or earth sheltered housing. A rate of adoption was calculated for each community. The second questionnaire surveyed housing intermediaries drawn from the 102 communities included in the first survey. The sample consisted of 481 builders, building inspectors, realtors, lenders, and solar suppliers.
Intermediary groups differed in their perceptions of barriers and incentives to innovative, energy-efficient housing. Significant differences were found among the intermediaries for whether state mandated solar standards would reduce the risk of inspection of solar energy houses and whether risky resale potential acts as a barrier to building solar energy housing. The major barriers were the "first costs" associated with building active solar and earth sheltered housing and the lack of skills among subcontractors to build active solar and earth sheltered housing.
There was no significant relationship between rate of adoption among communities and their location in the state. There was, however, a significant relationship between category of building official and rate of adoption among communities. Communities with a high rate of adoption did not cluster in any one quadrant of the state.
Additional differences among intermediaries occurred between lenders who had financed innovative energy efficient housing and lenders who had not. Lenders who had not financed solar or earth sheltered housing perceived the barriers to be greater than those who had. There were fewer differences in perceptions among solar/earth sheltered builders and nonsolar/earth sheltered builders.
In conclusion, variability in perceptions among intermediaries on the barriers and incentives to innovative, energy efficient housing impact on the rate of adoption in communities in Iowa.Ph. D.
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Shrubsole, Clive. "Changes in exposure to PM2.5 in English dwellings : an unintended consequence of energy efficient refurbishment of the housing stock." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2017. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10026085/.
Full textAbstract:
UK legislation will result in energy efficiency gains through increased insulation, and airtightness in UK housing in the coming decades. This limited-focus policy approach has led to an array of possible unintended consequences, including likely changes in Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) and exposure profiles for airborne pollutants such as PM2.5. Quantification of any changes in indoor concentrations of PM2.5 is needed due to known impacts on population health. This thesis seeks to address whether the introduction of energy efficiency and ventilation strategies will lead to negative unintended consequences by increasing PM2.5 concentrations in English dwellings, or provide health co-benefits by reducing indoor PM2.5; what factors influence such concentrations and whether their contribution can be quantified? Its geographical focus is the English housing stock commencing with London, comparing London with another location (Milton Keynes) and finally extending to the whole English stock. It considers possible differences in exposure as experienced by different income groups and tenures. It investigates the range of interacting factors that contribute to indoor PM2.5 exposures including for example; external meteorological conditions/pollutant concentrations; location; building characteristics; ventilation type; indoor sources; occupant income and behaviour. Such complexity requires a modelling approach. Building archetypes representative of English dwellings and validated ventilation and indoor pollutant simulation techniques are used to model both current and future changes in indoor PM2.5 exposures. Highlights of the research findings include (1) The application of purpose provided ventilation and removal of indoor generated PM2.5 at source are critical to the overall reduction of indoor exposure in most cases; (2) Increasing envelope airtightness alone reduces ventilation heat loss, assisting CO2 reduction targets whilst also reducing ingress of external PM2.5, but substantially increases indoor sourced PM2.5 concentrations with possible overall negative health consequences; (3) Building characteristics, location, income level and occupant behaviour influence individual exposure where energy efficiency measures are implemented; (4) Households below the low income threshold are more likely to experience greater indoor PM2.5 concentrations, although further monitoring research is needed to confirm/refute this; (5) The models constructed for this study have a possible wider applicability for other airborne pollutants, locations, and building stocks.
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LAYSECA, MARTA. "ENERGY EFFICIENT HOUSING WITH ALTERNATIVE WALL SYSTEMS: A CASE STUDY OF STRAW BALE AND ADOBE IN THE DESERT SOUTHWEST USA." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/555285.
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Wahlström, Marie. "Livable and Sustainable Cities : Explorations of the City Soul and Energy-Efficient Housing based on Swedish Data on Citizens’ Preferences." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Samhällsplanering och miljö, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-215196.
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Contemporary cities face many challenges, none the least from an urban planning perspective. Global climate change and urbanization is putting pressures on planning for combatting and adapting to, e.g., a warmer climate and an increased need for housing in already dense environments. The aim of this thesis is to contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of residents’ opinions and preferences regarding various aspects of city livability and sustainability. Two of the papers discuss energy-efficient housing and two the identity/soul of the city and its neighborhoods. The papers are empirically oriented and rest on relatively large quantitative materials of Swedish data. The database used in the first two articles contains around 77,000 observations of single-family homes. The residential survey used in the two final papers was sent to a random sample of 6,600 residents in four cities, resulting in 2,573 respondents. Regression is the primary analytical method and the results indicate a preference for sustainable housing, in terms of a price premium on heat pumps (attributes that both reduce the energy consumption and are easily observed in the house). It is further suggested that the perception of a strong city/neighborhood soul is linked to positive relations to the city and to positive perceptions of its physical characteristics. In particular, feelings of attachment, belonging, and pride as well as perceptions of aesthetics, arts, and symbols, seem to be linked to a strong city/neighborhood soul. The presented research contributes to related literature through providing insight to Swedish residents’ preferences and opinions concerning energy-efficient housing and the city/neighborhood soul. It is shown that a citizen perspective based on carefully designed databases and appropriate analytical tools can be used by planners to gain new insights supporting urban livability and sustainability efforts.QC 20171004
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Gu, Zhenhong. "Approaches to energy efficient building development : studying under Chinese contexts." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm : Industriell ekologi, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4534.
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Love, J. A. "Understanding the interactions between occupants, heating systems and building fabric in the context of energy efficient building fabric retrofit in social housing." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1433401/.
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In order for the UK to meet its 2050 carbon targets there needs to be a major energy efficient retrofit of the UK dwelling stock, of which one fifth is social housing. Evidence suggests that retrofit often leads to an increase in mean internal temperature at the expense of energy savings. Research has quantified this effect but little investigation has taken place regarding why temperature increase occurs. This thesis measures the temperature change after installation of external wall insulation in social housing and attempts to separate out the causal influences of the building fabric and occupant behaviour. A longitudinal mixed physical and social methodology was used to collect data from 13 case study social housing dwellings. Physical variables of air and radiator temperature, relative humidity, secondary heating and use of space were measured in each room in the property, and combined with occupant interviews, in two consecutive winters before and after insulation was applied. Mean internal temperature was observed to increase after retrofit: the majority of this was attributed to insulated properties cooling down more slowly. Observed changes in occupant behaviour consisted mostly of reduction in daily hours of heating, and no occupants increased the thermostat setting. Only a minority of homes purposefully increased their demand for heat. This is contrary to assumptions normally made about occupants deliberately ‘taking back’ energy savings as increased comfort. However, the temperature during heated periods did increase in most dwellings. In several it appeared to have been previously constrained by the ability of the heating system to deliver sufficient heat. The current algorithms for predicting mean internal temperature in models such as SAP and BREDEM are a simplification of the complex physical and social reality in most dwellings. This research gives recommendations as to how domestic heating use could be better modelled and controlled.
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Medina, Flores Alba. "Recommendations to make the affordable housing sector in Mexico more efficient in order to increase the welfare and quality of life of Mexicans." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/92599.
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Thesis: S.M. in Real Estate Development, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in conjunction with the Center for Real Estate, 2014.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 75-81).
Enrique Peña Nieto, Mexico's current president, voiced strong support for extending the social mission of INFONAVIT -- the largest mortgage lender in Mexico -- to embrace quality of life metrics. He also indicated a strong interest in expanding housing opportunities to segments of the population who are currently not being served by the housing funds and banks to the extent that the right to a dignified home is enshrined in Mexico's Constitution. In order to continue giving greater importance to quality of life metrics and not just lending volumes, INFONAVIT strategy will focus on the creation of cities that are more efficiently organized and less segregated in an unprecedented effort to move towards an inclusive, prosperous Mexico on the basis of orderly and sustainable urban development. INFONAVITs 2013-2022 financial plan projected cash flow growth of 8.82 % CAGR and its strategic agenda focused on four dimensions: i) Housing needs: providing funding and housing solutions that enhance the welfare of workers; ii) Social balance: ensuring housing quality and sustainability and promoting urban planning with a focus on employment growth; iii) Scope of policies: expanding connections with other housing institutions and aligning programs and policies with strategic sector guidelines; and iv) Risk & Return: sustaining strong financial and operational performance. The process of urban development is incremental for low-income households in Mexico since a significant percentage of the population has no possibility of living in dwellings constructed by the formal sector. Mexico is currently facing significant challenges in its future housing requirements. Specifically, this thesis will focus on three different proposals that complement the vision of President Enrique Peña Nieto and that could enhance the affordable housing sector in Mexico in order to create a better future for local residents. The proposals are: i) the creation of affordable Mexican edge cities, ii) the exploration of the Section 8 tenant-based housing voucher program practiced in the United States, and iii) the use of housing development as a regional development tool coupled with an industrial policy to rescue the Mexican southern region from deep-rooted stagnation and to potentiate the multiplier effect on the economy. Housing is a strategic sector for the economic growth and social development of Mexico since it triggers investment, creates jobs, strengthens the local market, and improves the quality of life of Mexican families. In order to analyze these proposals, this thesis reviews multiple reports from the Mexican government, industry, and academia. This is an exploratory document that will aim to provide useful information to policy makers in Mexico.
by Alba Medina Flores.
S.M. in Real Estate Development
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Jansson, Gustav. "Industrialised housing design efficiency." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Byggkonstruktion och -produktion, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-25688.
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Industrialised housing has increased its Swedish market share the latest ten years from 2% to 15%. Prefabrication has developed into actual industrialisation, where factories produce not only elements for site assembly, but takes wholesale responsibility for the sales, design, factory production, and assembly of houses. A higher automation in housing production puts demands on the design department to become more efficient. Design is identified as a bottleneck to further increase the production rate. Information deliveries are not produced in the needed rate. With the change from drafting to modelling in building design, opportunities are given to work simultaneously for better efficiency. The focus on BIM-supported CAD-tools has lead ICT-developers to create systems that mainly support product modelling. But, in industrialised housing, support for process efficiency is just as important.In a case study at a Swedish industrialised housing company, during a three year period, interviews, observations and design activities at the company were recorded to study what components and functionality in the design support create business value. The results show that by defining design in stages with gates, by parallel planning of activities, and by using process visualisation methods, the efficiency increased about 41 % in information deliveries. Furthermore, the use of support systems has to create both internal value for efficiency in information deliveries and external value to meet and handle client requirements in a standardised way. By releasing time from project management activities to improvements and product development the focus on the product could increase. Product development theories with axiomatic design as the foundation for a support system combines product structures with BIM functionality and process support for planning, which secures quality between disciplines in a concurrent approach. Product life cycle management (PLM) is an umbrella that manages product development in a life-cycle perspective trough a defined framework that is applicable to industrialised housing design, both for software developers and industrialised builders.Industriellt byggande har de senaste tio åren ökat sina marknadsandelar från 2% till 15% på den svenska bostadsmarknaden för flerfamiljshus. Prefabricering har utvecklats till industrialisering, där fabriker inte bara producerar komponenter för montering på byggplats, utan tar även helhetsansvar för försäljning, konstruktion, i fabrik och för montering av bostäder. Utvecklingen av en mer automatiserad produktion ställer högre krav på projekteringen. Som en definierad flaskhals måste tid frigöras från koordinering till kärnverksamhet för att skapa förbättringar och tillåta produktutveckling. Med förändringen från ritningsbaserad till modellbaserad byggprojektering, ges möjligheten att arbeta samtidigt för bättre effektivitet. Fokuseringen på BIM-stöd med CAD-verktyg har lett till att utvecklare skapar system som i huvudsak stödjer produktmodellering. För industriellt bostadsbyggande, är stöd för effektivitet i projekteringsprocessen lika viktig. Empiri har samlats genom intervjuer, observationer och dokumenterade aktiviteter i en fallstudie hos en svensk industriell bostadsbyggare för att analysera vilka komponenter och funktioner som ett stödsystem för projektering behöver för att skapa värde för företagen. Resultaten visar att en definition av projektering i steg med gater, aktiviteter för samplanering och användandet av metoder för att visualisera processen har ökat effektiviteten med omkring 41 % för informationsleveranser. Dessutom visar studien att stödsystem bör kunna skapa både internt värde för effektiva informationsleveranser och yttre värde för att möta och hantera kunders krav på ett standardiserat sätt. Ett stödsystem, baserat på produktutvecklingsteorier med axiomatisk design som grund, kan kombinera både produktstruktur med BIM- funktioner och processrelaterade funktioner för planering och därmed säkra kvaliteten mellan discipliner för samverkande arbete. Product life cycle management (PLM) är ett övergripande koncept för hantering av produktutveckling i ett livscykelperspektiv, vilket har ett definierat regelverk som är applicerbart på industriell byggprojektering, både för utvecklare av IT-system och för industriella husbyggare.
Godkänd; 2010; 20100914 (gusjan); LICENTIATSEMINARIUM Ämnesområde: Träbyggnad/Timber Structures Examinator: Docent lektor Helena Johnsson, Luleå tekniska universitet Diskutant: Tekn. Lic. Jerker Lessing, Tyréns, Malmö Tid: Onsdag den 20 oktober 2010 kl 10.00 Plats: F1031, Luleå tekniska universitet
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Altan, Hasim. "Energy efficiency in housing : drivers and barriers to improving energy efficiency and reducing carbon dioxide emissions in private sector housing." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2004. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14479/.
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Global environmental degradation is one of the most serious threats facing humankind as a result of the expansion of its activities around the globe. Scientific evidence is growing that greenhouse gas emissions are having a noticeable effect on the earth's climate. Sustainable development has become a global issue and its life cycle influences the life cycles of the whole planet dramatically. As widely accepted, CO2 emissions are the most significant impact on global climate caused by the amount of energy consumed (Kyoto Protocol, 1997). The UK Government has signed the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in 1992 and is therefore committed to reducing the emission of six greenhouse gases with carbon dioxide being the most significant to 12.5% lower than the 1990 levels (DEFRA, 2000). The Government has also indicated that it has an aim of further reducing the emissions with an eventual target of 20% below the 1990 levels by 20 10. Energy consumed by the UK building stock approaches 50% of the total while transport is responsible for 28% (DETR, 2000). Accordingly the energy used in housing stock is responsible for about 30% of overall emissions (Shorrock and Walters, 1998), which is a major contributor to global warming and therefore, improving energy efficiency and reducing carbon dioxide emission within housing stock is a key factor for long term sustainability in the built environment. This research aims to study the energy efficiency standards, CO2 emissions and energy ratings of privately rented, university controlled and approved properties within Sheffield. In general, properties in this particular sector account for about 15% of the total housing stock and demonstrate one of the worst conditions of housing standards in the UK (Revell and Leather, 2000). In this research however, properties analysed have shown better characteristics regarding energy efficiency standards especially when compared to the worst housing examples in the country. This is mainly due to properties being controlled and approved by the university standards/requirements, and resulted in achieving higher energy efficiency standards within the privately rented sector. Case study analysis carried out includes over 200 privately rented properties, showing dwelling conditions and examining efficiency of both water and space heating systems. iii Abstract As a global matter, environmental issues and good building design have also been increasingly important in the UK. For that reason, energy and environmental assessment methods for buildings have been developed in order to accomplish good building design, which could contribute considerably to reducing pollution and improving the environment. These assessment methods identify criteria for a range of issues also concerning the global, national and indoor environments. Due to the importance of building energy and environmental assessment methods, many components have to be discussed for the future of buildings and more emphasis should be paid to encouraging property developers to utilise the appropriate methods in order to design energy conscious buildings. Some of the existing methods concerning 'Environment and Healthy Building' developed and used in the country have been reviewed and discussed in the perspective of global effects. In this study, having chosen university-controlled properties would therefore help to utilise the university authority to take action effectively and play a key role in guiding energy efficiency improvements within privately rented properties. With university authority, potential improvements in these properties can be encouraged and implemented much effectively, whilst existing legislation and policies are inoperative to enforce retrospective energy standards in existing housing. Furthermore, this has a negative impact on private rented sector and comes into being a major barrier for this particular sector. Therefore, this is an opportunity that will not only increase energy standards of the housing stock in Sheffield, but also help to achieve the rate of improvement required by the Home Energy Conservation Act 1995 and reduce the overall energy consumption caused by the existing housing stock in the country.
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Williams, Beth E. (Beth Ellen). "Overcoming barriers to energy efficiency for rental housing." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/44348.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (p. 88-92).
Improving building energy efficiency is widely recognized as one of the best strategies for combating climate change and other energy problems. Energy efficiency implementation has been slow, however, due to a number of practical barriers, and few building sectors face higher hurdles to energy efficiency than rental housing. In this thesis I ask: What are the major barriers to investment in energy efficiency for rental housing? How well do existing policies and programs address these barriers? And finally, which strategies are best suited to overcome the barriers that face rental housing efficiency? I describe several barriers, from split incentives to transaction costs, that limit energy efficiency for rental housing. Existing policies and efficiency programs do not adequately address most of these barriers. While there is no silver bullet solution to facilitate energy efficiency for rental housing, I identify a variety of policy options that can be implemented at the federal, state, and local levels. One measure in particular, a "green lease," holds great promise for overcoming split incentives and other obstacles. A combination of voluntary and regulatory measures will be necessary to deeply penetrate the rental housing efficiency market. Finally, I argue that policy packages must be tailored to the conditions of local rental housing markets, and local energy initiatives hold great promise as part of the solution.
by Beth E. Williams.
M.C.P.
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Lande, Caleb David. "Homeowner Views on Housing Market Valuation of Energy Efficiency: An Empirical Investigation." The University of Montana, 2008. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-06092008-144721/.
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This paper investigates the relationship between energy efficiency and owner reported home value using American Housing Survey data. A hedonic price model is developed in order to isolate the impact of home energy use on the owners perceived market value of the home. In order to limit the impact of fixed housing characteristics on the model, the fixed effect regression technique is used. Empirical estimation provides evidence that homeowners feel the housing market assigns very limited value to the energy efficiency of their homes.
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Gorgolewski, Mark. "Cost-effective renovation strategies for energy efficiency in housing." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283800.
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Fumagalli, Benjamin. "Energy performance assessment of collective housing buildings." Thesis, KTH, Tillämpad termodynamik och kylteknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-129240.
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This project has been carried out for the ALEC (Agence Locale de l'Energie et du Climat) of Grenoble urban area, a French energy and climate agency. It has been composed of several missions, all related to energy management in residential buildings. First, an annual energy use assessment have been conducted for two different building samples: the eco-district of De Bonne in Grenoble and a sample of about 25 social housing buildings over the region. These two assessments showed that the average energy performance of newly built buildings is improving every year, notably under the stimulation of innovative projects such as De Bonne. Then, a more precise follow-up of construction and renovation social housing projects enabled to learn more about how to maintain energy facilities and to detect some common technical issues. The global conclusion of this project is that, although buildings are better designed today, energy performance remains fragile notably during construction and operation. To cope with that, some solutions exist and should be more systematically applied in future construction or renovation projects.
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Jonsson, Hans. "Housing, labour market conditions and regional migration." Licentiate thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Ekonomihögskolan, ELNU, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-21234.
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Essay 1: Swedish micro and macro data on internal migration indicate that home-owners on average have a higher propensity to migrate to other labour market areas in response to higher unemployment and job vacancy rates than renters and tenant-owners. This is evidence that owning your home does not constrain labour mobility across labour market areas in comparison to other forms of housing tenure. The response to high local job vacancy rates indicates that migration in general is driven by differences in matching efficiency in local labour market areas rather than a pure response to high local unemployment. A third finding is that at higher levels of aggregation high unemployment is associated to high levels of home-ownership as previous researchers have found. The suggested explanation for this correlation, i.e. that home-ownership constrains mobility of individuals, however, seems falsified in Sweden by our results. Essay 2: Swedish micro and macro data on internal migration indicate that interregional migration responds to regional labour market conditions and individual unemployment. Migration is found to go from relatively high unemployment and high job vacancy to low unemployment and low job vacancy regions contrary to earlier research. The response to job vacancy rates indicate that migration responds to differences in local Beveridge curves and migration goes towards better matching efficiency. Unemployment on the individual level is found to increases the propensity for interregional migration.
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Valenzuela, Brian. "Assessment of energy efficiency in a passive solar housing development." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2007. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.
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Luk, Kin-man Ricardo. "An integral approach in applying information technology to reduce operating cost and enhance efficiency in Hong Kong housing management industry." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31969446.
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Wan, Kwok-wai. "Comparison on the efficiency between private and public sectors in providing quality housing services." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25176237.
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Oguz, Saygin Can. "The Use And Efficiency Of Housung Stock In Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1005636/index.pdf.
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Although efficient use of stock is an important issue of housing economics and
policies, there is very little research on the subject in Turkey. This study aims to
investigate the stock efficiency in Turkey by measuring the degree to which the
housing stock matches household size. Distributions between dwelling units and
the households in terms of their size are investigated for this purpose. The stock is
studied within three zones of occupational density: comfort, overcrowding and
underoccupation, according to international occupancy standards. The findings
reveal that the rapid rise in underoccupation in the stock is the dominant character
of housing in Turkey, which is a result of housing system producing larger and
larger dwellings despite the declining average household size in the country. The
analyses in the province center level show that there are great differences between
the western and eastern parts of the country. Reasons of overcrowding and
underoccupation are also investigated by means of regression analysis. Tenure,
income level and proportion of gecekondu emerge as the most effective variables
in explaining the differentiation of overcrowding and underoccupation across
province centers.
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Gerö, Jiří. "Architektonický výraz obytných staveb energeticky efektivní výstavby." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233249.
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These days create an enormous pressure on energy savings because of their high prices. For future it is obvious that their prices will grow. Not only the representatives of European Union realize this fact, but basicaly common people who run their houses and pay the bills. For this reason low - energy houses respectively passive houses are in the limelight. Reasons of economy should not be the only criterion of quality, but its integral part, one of several components. Energy efficient housing is a response in architecture and building to turbulent global warming. The aim of the work is try to specify how to conceive an efficient building with respect to its architectural quality in the contect of directions coming from European Union and which should be implemented soon in the Czech republic. Will zero house become driving force of architecture in Europe in 21st century? The result of the work will be useful in orientation how to conceive an efficient house with respect to its aesthetical quality.
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Coleman, Patrick J. M. C. P. (Patrick Joseph) Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Ordinances to enable energy efficiency in rental housing in the United States." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66882.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 138-144).
Improved energy efficiency in rental housing is important from the perspectives of environmental, economic, and social policy, but upgrades to such buildings lag those of owner-occupied properties. With myriad reasons to improve the efficiency of this sector, this thesis seeks to better understand the barriers and strategies to achieve this goal. This research was inspired by recent partnerships among municipalities, community-based organizations, and utilities in Massachusetts, which create a new medium to serve the rental sector. Upon investigation of the policies of five jurisdictions throughout the United States, this thesis finds that well designed policies may 1) establish a minimum standard of energy efficiency in rental properties, 2) enable energy efficiency program administrators to focus attention beyond basic measures to deeper retrofits, and 3) facilitate the valuation of energy efficiency in housing markets. Additionally, this research presents a cross-cutting analysis of policy options, highlights key elements, and offers suggestions to complement existing efforts in Massachusetts, such as these partnerships, to improve the energy efficiency of rental properties.
by Patrick J. Coleman.
M.C.P.
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Ma, Qian. "A Study of the Energy Efficiency Improvement of Public Housing in Columbus, OH." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1282148218.
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Jeter, Teresa M. "A model residential energy efficiency program." Virtual Press, 1995. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/941726.
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The opportunity for reducing energy expenditures in homes has never been greater nor has the need been more pressing. Based on the current analysis of weatherization programs, millions of houses do not receive energy efficiency measures and houses that are being weatherized are not receiving the kinds of measures that generate the greatest energy savings. Many of these problems are attributed to program policies, regulations and funding limitations. Given these critical issues. The creative project is a model residential energy efficiency program. Its purpose is to serve as a guide for planning, designing, developing and implementing the kinds of residential energy efficiency programs that will maximize services and benefits. More specifically, the model will assist in the design and implementation of programs that are effective, efficient and can deliver the “right” energy measures to “any” house that needs them. A community in a small Midwestern city was selected to help demonstrate the various components of the model program.Department of Urban Planning
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Johnson, Paul Femi. "Developing the mortgage sector in Nigeria through the provision of long-term finance : an efficiency perspective." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2014. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/8418.
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This research investigates the role of efficiency in attracting long-term finance to the
mortgage sector. Within the framework of the traditional economic theory, the new
institutional theory and the theory of mortgage collateral, the study investigates the
efficiency of primary mortgage banks and the perceived efficiency of the larger system
within which they operate using quantitative and qualitative techniques.
Quantitative data were extracted from the financials of 27 mortgage banks in Nigeria, which
constitute about 90% of the size of the entire industry in Nigeria, as measured by banks’
total assets. These were analyzed using data envelopment analysis (DEA) and stochastic
cost frontier (SCF) analysis to determine the efficiency of mortgage banks in Nigeria.
In-depth interviews and focus group discussions were conducted among 40 CEOs of
mortgage banks in Nigeria to investigate the perceived efficiency of both the banks and the
entire mortgage sector. This sample constitutes about 54.2% of the CEOs in the industry
and represents all geopolitical zones and ethnic groups where mortgage banks exist in the
country. A review of housing finance policies, systems and sources of funds in thriving
emerging economies was also conducted with the aim of drawing lessons from them that
are applicable to improving the efficiency of the Nigerian mortgage sector. The findings
from the review formed the basis of a mixed method questionnaire survey to investigate the
existing and potential sources of funds for housing finance, to assess the acceptability and
suitability of lessons drawn from other countries in Nigeria and to make policy
recommendations for improving the efficiency of the Nigerian mortgage sector.
The findings reveal that on average, mortgage banks in Nigeria are 33% - 49% efficient
compared to best practice firms within the sector. Ownership structure and bank size
influence the efficiency of these banks. Banks owned by private organizations and
commercial banks are more efficient than those owned by the government or religious
organizations. Banks with average total assets in excess of ₦5 Billion are more technically
efficient than those with total asset less than ₦5 Billion.
Practitioners perceive the mortgage banks and the larger system within which they operate
as only about 10% efficient. This perceived efficiency is much lower than the technical
efficiency measured in the quantitative assessment. Through the lens of institutional theory,
this low rating is attributed to the negative perception of the institutional structures of the
mortgage sector by mortgage finance practitioners. The findings also reveal that two
categories – external and internal factors – impair the efficiency of the sector. The
regulative constraints account for 55% of challenges to efficiency, normative constraints
account for 24%, while cultural cognitive constraints account for 21%. The study identified
accumulated deposits in pension funds, unclaimed dividends, funds in dormant accounts of
commercial banks and other financial institutions, and funds from insurance companies, as
possible sources of long-term funds for housing finance, while a concerted effort is being
made to set up a secondary mortgage facility. The findings also reveal that effective
government policies, regulation and amendment of existing laws would help improve the
efficiency of the mortgage banking sector and attract investors to this sector.
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溫國偉 and Kwok-wai Wan. "Comparison on the efficiency between private and public sectors in providing quality housing services." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43894823.
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