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Journal articles on the topic 'EFFICIENT OPTICAL NETWORKS'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 September 2023

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1

Iyer, Sridhar. "Power-Efficiency Comparison of Spectrum-Efficient Optical Networks." International Journal of Advances in Telecommunications, Electrotechnics, Signals and Systems 5, no. 3 (2016): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.11601/ijates.v5i3.221.

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With steady traffic volume growth in the core networks, it is predicted that the future optical network communication will be constrained mainly by the power consumption. Hence, for future internet sustainability, it will be a mandate to ensure power-efficiency in the optical networks. Two paradigms known to support both, the traffic heterogeneity and high bandwidth requests are the: (i) next generation flexible (or elastic) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based networks which provide flexible bandwidth allocation per wavelength, and (ii) currently deployed mixed-line-rate (MLR) based networks which provision the co-existence of 10/40/100 Gbps on varied wavelengths within the same fiber. In this work, the power-efficiency of an OFDM, and a MLR based network has been compared for which, a mixed integer linear program (MILP) model has been formulated considering deterministic traffic between every network source-destination pair. The simulation results show that in regard to power-efficiency, the OFDM based network outperforms the MLR based network.

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2

Aggarwal, Alok, Amotz Bar-Noy, Don Coppersmith, Rajiv Ramaswami, Baruch Schieber, and Madhu Sudan. "Efficient routing in optical networks." Journal of the ACM 43, no. 6 (1996): 973–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/235809.235812.

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3

Gebizlioglu, Osman, and Vijay Jain. "Energy-efficient optical networks [Series Editorial]." IEEE Communications Magazine 53, no. 8 (2015): 122–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2015.7180518.

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Bermond, Jean-Claude, Luisa Gargano, Stephan Perennes, Adele A. Rescigno, and Ugo Vaccaro. "Efficient collective communication in optical networks." Theoretical Computer Science 233, no. 1-2 (2000): 165–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3975(98)00018-8.

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5

Fan, Weibei, Fu Xiao, Xiaobai Chen, Lei Cui, and Shui Yu. "Efficient Virtual Network Embedding of Cloud-Based Data Center Networks into Optical Networks." IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems 32, no. 11 (2021): 2793–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2021.3075296.

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6

Randhawa, Rajneesh, J. S. Sohal, Amit Kumar Garg, and R. S. Kaler. "An Efficient Network Utilization Scheme for Optical Burst Switched Networks." Journal of Information Technology Research 3, no. 2 (2010): 34–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jitr.2010040103.

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Optical Burst Switching (OBS) is one of the most important switching technologies for future IP over wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) networks. In OBS Network, the burst assembly technique is a challenging issue in the implementation of the system. Burst assembly influences burst characteristics, which negatively impacts network performance. In this paper, the authors propose an efficient hybrid burst assembly approach, which is based on approximate queuing network model. To reduce the time complexity, an approximate queuing network model has been considered. Throughput performance has been investigated, taking into account both burst loss probability and time complexity. Simulation results have shown that the proposed hybrid approach based on variable burst length threshold and fixed maximum time limitation provides Simulation results have also shown a good trade-off between burst blocking performance and scheduling time.

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Senthil Kumar, T., and V. Mohan. "Energy-Efficient Regional Area Metropolitan Optical Access Network (RAMOAN) Using Modified Load Adaptive Sequence Arrangement (M-LASA) Methodology." International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 2023 (March 31, 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/6151242.

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Energy efficiency in optical networks is one of the important criteria to attain enhanced performance. Better energy efficiency can be attained in optical networks if the resources are properly scheduled. Polling sequences perform resource scheduling based on load requirements, and various methodologies have evolved in recent times for better efficiency. Load adaptive sequence arrangement (LASA) is one of the familiar and efficient methodologies adopted in various methodologies. However, the power consumption and idle time of optical network units are high which should be reduced to attain optimal network performances. Considering this, a modified LASA is presented in this research work for the regional area metropolitan optical access network (RAMOAN). The modified LASA is obtained by integrating the first-in-last-out polling sequence such that the proposed arrangement provides a better coverage radius, minimal power cost, maximum access reach, maximum energy saving, and minimal delay and energy cost. The better performance of the proposed approach is compared with traditional time and wavelength division multiplexed (TWDM), TWDM-protected, and RAMOAN with LASA through simulation analysis to validate the better performances of the proposed model.

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8

Butt, Rizwan Aslam, Sevia Mahdaliza Idrus, Raja Zahilah Radzi, and Kashif Naseer Qureshi. "Energy Efficient Frame Structure for Gigabit Passive Optical Networks." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 6, no. 6 (2016): 2971. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v6i6.11109.

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<p>Increasing power consumption in information and communication access networks is one of the major cause of greenhouse gas emissions. These emissions are harmful to life on earth. Passive Optical Networks (PONs) are energy efficient but the broadcast nature of downstream traffic may cause of huge unnecessary processing of frames by the optical network units and result in significant energy wastage. Bi-PON technique tried to solve this problem by changing the XGPON / GPON frame structure to an interleaved pattern but also required additional hardware changings at the optical network units. In this study, we have tried to achieve the same objective by making a few changings in the GPON frame structure without modifying the existing hardware structure. The simulation results show that 25.25% processing energy of an ONU can be saved by incorporating these changes.</p>

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Butt, Rizwan Aslam, Sevia Mahdaliza Idrus, Raja Zahilah Radzi, and Kashif Naseer Qureshi. "Energy Efficient Frame Structure for Gigabit Passive Optical Networks." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 6, no. 6 (2016): 2971. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v6i6.pp2971-2978.

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<p>Increasing power consumption in information and communication access networks is one of the major cause of greenhouse gas emissions. These emissions are harmful to life on earth. Passive Optical Networks (PONs) are energy efficient but the broadcast nature of downstream traffic may cause of huge unnecessary processing of frames by the optical network units and result in significant energy wastage. Bi-PON technique tried to solve this problem by changing the XGPON / GPON frame structure to an interleaved pattern but also required additional hardware changings at the optical network units. In this study, we have tried to achieve the same objective by making a few changings in the GPON frame structure without modifying the existing hardware structure. The simulation results show that 25.25% processing energy of an ONU can be saved by incorporating these changes.</p>

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10

Naik, Deepa, Soumyadeb Maity, and Tanmay De. "Light Trail Based Cost Efficient Traffic Grooming in Optical WiMAX Hybrid Network." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 1 (2020): 425–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.8685.

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Integrating Passive Optical Network (PON) and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access network (WiMAX)achieves universal internet connectivity at a higher data rate. Here Passive Optical Networks (PONs) are used as the backbone. Base stations in WiMAX are connected to Optical Network Units. In this work cost, routing and resource allocation related issues in hybrid networks are investigated. Light trails are used for traffic grooming. Various network topologies are used for simulation and results are obtained, compared. and analyzed. The results confirm a lower cost solution by using hybrid networks for universal connectivity.

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11

Skubic, Bjorn, Einar In de Betou, Tolga Ayhan, and Stefan Dahlfort. "Energy-efficient next-generation optical access networks." IEEE Communications Magazine 50, no. 1 (2012): 122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2012.6122542.

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12

Monti, Paolo, Annalisa Morea, Ampalavanapillai Nirmalathas, and Vinod M. Vokkarane. "Special issue on energy-efficient optical networks." Photonic Network Communications 30, no. 1 (2015): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11107-015-0530-2.

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13

Fayad, Abdulhalim, Tibor Cinkler, Jacek Rak, and Manish Jha. "Design of Cost-Efficient Optical Fronthaul for 5G/6G Networks: An Optimization Perspective." Sensors 22, no. 23 (2022): 9394. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22239394.

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Currently, 5G and the forthcoming 6G mobile communication systems are the most promising cellular generations expected to beat the growing hunger for bandwidth and enable the fully connected world presented by the Internet of Everything (IoE). The cloud radio access network (CRAN) has been proposed as a promising architecture for meeting the needs and goals of 5G/6G (5G and beyond) networks. Nevertheless, the provisioning of cost-efficient connections between a large number of remote radio heads (RRHs) in the cell sites and the baseband unit (BBU) pool in the central location, known as the fronthaul, has emerged as a new challenge. Many wired and wireless solutions have been proposed to address this bottleneck. Specifically, optical technologies presented by passive optical networks (PONs) are introduced as the best suitable solution for 5G and beyond network fronthaul due to their properties of providing high capacity and low latency connections. We considered time and wavelength division multiplexed passive optical networks (TWDM-PONs) as a fronthaul for 5G and beyond. Taking that into consideration, in this paper, we propose an integer linear program (ILP) that results in the optimal optical fronthaul deployment while minimizing the total cost of 5G and beyond instances. However, for larger network instances, solving the ILP problem becomes unscalable and time-consuming. To address that, we developed two heuristic-based algorithms (the K-means clustering algorithm and the one based on the genetic algorithm—GA). We evaluated the suitability of our proposed ILP and heuristic algorithms in simulations by utilizing them to plan different network instances (dense and sparse).

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JINNO, Masahiko, Hidehiko TAKARA, Yoshiaki SONE, Kazushige YONENAGA, and Akira HIRANO. "Elastic Optical Path Network Architecture: Framework for Spectrally-Efficient and Scalable Future Optical Networks." IEICE Transactions on Communications E95-B, no. 3 (2012): 706–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transcom.e95.b.706.

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15

Garg, Amit Kumar. "Optimal & Computationally Efficient Resilient Technique (OCERT) for Optical WDM Networks." International Journal of Future Generation Communication and Networking 10, no. 9 (2017): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijfgcn.2017.10.9.02.

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16

Joudah Zaiter, Mohammed, Salman Yussof, Cheng Lai Cheah, Abid Abdelouhahab, and Adnan Ibrahem Salih. "Energy Efficient Parallel Optical Burst Switching (POBS) Networks." Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 8, no. 2 (2014): 253–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.19026/rjaset.8.968.

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17

Kani, Jun-ichi, Satoshi Shimazu, Naoto Yoshimoto, and Hisaya Hadama. "Energy-efficient optical access networks: issues and technologies." IEEE Communications Magazine 51, no. 2 (2013): S22—S26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2013.6461185.

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18

Manousakis, Konstantinos, Archontoula Angeletou, and Emmanouel (Manos) Varvarigos. "Energy Efficient RWA Strategies for WDM Optical Networks." Journal of Optical Communications and Networking 5, no. 4 (2013): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/jocn.5.000338.

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19

Dai, Linglong, Chao Zhang, Zhengyuan Xu, and Zhaocheng Wang. "Spectrum-Efficient Coherent Optical OFDM for Transport Networks." IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 31, no. 1 (2013): 62–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2013.130107.

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20

Hongsik Choi, Hyeong-Ah Choi, and M. Azizoglu. "Efficient scheduling of transmissions in optical broadcast networks." IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking 4, no. 6 (1996): 913–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/90.556359.

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21

Flammini, M. "Simple, Efficient Routing Schemes for All-Optical Networks." Theory of Computing Systems 32, no. 3 (1999): 387–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002240000123.

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22

Yazdani, Arash, David Rincón, and Sebastià Sallent. "Efficient time gating in ultrafast optical TDM networks." Photonic Network Communications 28, no. 3 (2014): 218–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11107-014-0445-3.

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23

Mohammed J. Sadiq, Mohammed J. Zaiter, and Raad F. Chisab. "Energy Efficient Waveband Translucent Optical Burst Switching Network." Journal of Techniques 4, no. 4 (2022): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.51173/jt.v4i4.776.

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The fast development of translucent Optical Burst Switching (OBS) technology, which employs multiple wavelengths per fiber, increases the size (i.e., the number of ports) as well as the cost and power consumption of Optic Cross-Connects (OXCs). This paper studies the impact of OBS network parameter settings, where switching is performed at the Waveband Switching (WS) granularity using an end-to-end grouping method to reduce the number of lightpaths and switch ports. The simulation results illustrate that using OBS networks with WS by the suitable parameter settings, namely the Burstification Time (BT) and waveband granularity, offers considerable energy savings in the core network compared to using an OBS network without WS, where overall power consumption is decreased by maximizing BT values and waveband granularity.

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24

Rajan, Sanju, and Linda Joseph. "An Adaptable Optimal Network Topology Model for Efficient Data Centre Design in Storage Area Networks." International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 11, no. 2s (2023): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v11i2s.6027.

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In this research, we look at how different network topologies affect the energy consumption of modular data centre (DC) setups. We use a combined-input directed approach to assess the benefits of rack-scale and pod-scale fragmentation across a variety of electrical, optoelectronic, and composite network architectures in comparison to a conventional DC. When the optical transport architecture is implemented and the appropriate resource components are distributed, the findings reveal fragmentation at the layer level is adequate, even compared to a pod-scale DC. Composable DCs can operate at peak efficiency because of the optical network topology. Logical separation of conventional DC servers across an optical network architecture is also investigated in this article. When compared to physical decentralisation at the rack size, logical decomposition of data centers inside each rack offers a small decrease in the overall DC energy usage thanks to better resource needs allocation. This allows for a flexible, composable architecture that can accommodate performance based in-memory applications. Moreover, we look at the state of fundamentalmodel and its use in both static and dynamic data centres. According to our findings, typical DCs become more energy efficient when workload modularity increases, although excessive resource use still exists. By enabling optimal resource use and energy savings, disaggregation and micro-services were able to reduce the typical DC's up to 30%. Furthermore, we offer a heuristic to duplicate the Mixed integer model's output trends for energy-efficient allocation of caseloads in modularized DCs.

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Wang, Xin, Rentao Gu, Yuefeng Ji, and Mohsen Kavehrad. "Hybrid services efficient provisioning over the network coding–enabled elastic optical networks." Optical Engineering 56, no. 3 (2017): 036101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.56.3.036101.

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26

Arunachalam, M., and V. Rajamani. "An efficient flooding algorithm for improving network performance in optical WDM networks." International Journal of Computational Science and Engineering 9, no. 3 (2014): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijcse.2014.060675.

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27

Li, Bingbing, Limei Peng, Yixue Hao, Yiming Miao, and Mohammad Mehedi Hassan. "Energy-efficient multiperiod planning of optical core network to support 5G networks." Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies 28, no. 9 (2017): e3147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ett.3147.

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28

Quang-Dzung Ho and Man-Seop Lee. "Time-efficient optimal wavelength assignment in optical WDM networks with conversion capability." IEEE Communications Letters 10, no. 3 (2006): 198–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2006.1603383.

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29

Szcześniak, Ireneusz, Ireneusz Olszewski, and Bożena Woźna-Szcześniak. "Towards an Efficient and Exact Algorithm for Dynamic Dedicated Path Protection." Entropy 23, no. 9 (2021): 1116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23091116.

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We present a novel algorithm for dynamic routing with dedicated path protection which, as the presented simulation results suggest, can be efficient and exact. We present the algorithm in the setting of optical networks, but it should be applicable to other networks, where services have to be protected, and where the network resources are finite and discrete, e.g., wireless radio or networks capable of advance resource reservation. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to propose an algorithm for this long-standing fundamental problem, which can be efficient and exact, as suggested by simulation results. The algorithm can be efficient because it can solve large problems, and it can be exact because its results are optimal, as demonstrated and corroborated by simulations. We offer a worst-case analysis to argue that the search space is polynomially upper bounded. Network operations, management, and control require efficient and exact algorithms, especially now, when greater emphasis is placed on network performance, reliability, softwarization, agility, and return on investment. The proposed algorithm uses our generic Dijkstra algorithm on a search graph generated “on-the-fly” based on the input graph. We corroborated the optimality of the results of the proposed algorithm with brute-force enumeration for networks up to 15 nodes large. We present the extensive simulation results of dedicated-path protection with signal modulation constraints for elastic optical networks of 25, 50, and 100 nodes, and with 160, 320, and 640 spectrum units. We also compare the bandwidth blocking probability with the commonly-used edge-exclusion algorithm. We had 48,600 simulation runs with about 41 million searches.

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30

Zhang, Ning. "Control and Operation to Hybrid Optical Network." Advanced Materials Research 186 (January 2011): 576–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.186.576.

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In this paper, a novel hybrid optical network system is presented. The continuing increase of data traffic keeps the pressure on the backbone telecommunication networks requiring more diverse and more intelligent allocation of capacity. Optical networking has become a key technology in accommodating the rapidly expanding Internet traffic. Hybrid nodes are now playing a key role in optical networks by facilitating efficient traffic management. New optical networks are expected to support the increasing network load by employing both sophisticated transmission (wavelength division multiplexing division (WDM)) and switching technologies (optical switches and cross-connects). This study will explain how the hybrid nodes achieve with different network models and make it operation through innovative technical designs.

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31

Chen, Bowen, Yongli Zhao, and Jie Zhang. "Energy-efficient virtual optical network mapping approaches over converged flexible bandwidth optical networks and data centers." Optics Express 23, no. 19 (2015): 24860. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.23.024860.

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32

Sunny, Febin P., Asif Mirza, Mahdi Nikdast, and Sudeep Pasricha. "ROBIN: A Robust Optical Binary Neural Network Accelerator." ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems 20, no. 5s (2021): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3476988.

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Domain specific neural network accelerators have garnered attention because of their improved energy efficiency and inference performance compared to CPUs and GPUs. Such accelerators are thus well suited for resource-constrained embedded systems. However, mapping sophisticated neural network models on these accelerators still entails significant energy and memory consumption, along with high inference time overhead. Binarized neural networks (BNNs), which utilize single-bit weights, represent an efficient way to implement and deploy neural network models on accelerators. In this paper, we present a novel optical-domain BNN accelerator, named ROBIN , which intelligently integrates heterogeneous microring resonator optical devices with complementary capabilities to efficiently implement the key functionalities in BNNs. We perform detailed fabrication-process variation analyses at the optical device level, explore efficient corrective tuning for these devices, and integrate circuit-level optimization to counter thermal variations. As a result, our proposed ROBIN architecture possesses the desirable traits of being robust, energy-efficient, low latency, and high throughput, when executing BNN models. Our analysis shows that ROBIN can outperform the best-known optical BNN accelerators and many electronic accelerators. Specifically, our energy-efficient ROBIN design exhibits energy-per-bit values that are ∼4 × lower than electronic BNN accelerators and ∼933 × lower than a recently proposed photonic BNN accelerator, while a performance-efficient ROBIN design shows ∼3 × and ∼25 × better performance than electronic and photonic BNN accelerators, respectively.

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Werner, Sebastian, Javier Navaridas, and Mikel Luján. "Efficient Sharing of Optical Resources in Low-Power Optical Networks-on-Chip." Journal of Optical Communications and Networking 9, no. 5 (2017): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/jocn.9.000364.

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Rostami, Ahmad, and Adam Wolisz. "Virtual Optical Bus: An Efficient Architecture for Packet-Based Optical Transport Networks." Journal of Optical Communications and Networking 2, no. 11 (2010): 901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/jocn.2.000901.

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35

Guo, Lei, Weigang Hou, Xuetao Wei, and Size Lv. "Power efficient grooming based on optical bypass reconfiguration in green optical networks." Optik 124, no. 5 (2013): 437–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2011.12.033.

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36

Locatelli, Fabiano, Konstantinos Christodoulopoulos, Michela Svaluto Moreolo, Josep M. Fàbrega, Laia Nadal, and Salvatore Spadaro. "Spectral processing techniques for efficient monitoring in optical networks." Journal of Optical Communications and Networking 13, no. 7 (2021): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/jocn.418800.

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37

Nag, Avishek, Ting Wang, and Biswanath Mukherjee. "Robust Design of Spectrum-Efficient Green Optical Backbone Networks." Journal of Lightwave Technology 31, no. 7 (2013): 1138–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2013.2245301.

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38

Ye, Yabin, Felipe Jimenez Arribas, Jaafar Elmirghani, et al. "Energy-efficient resilient optical networks: Challenges and trade-offs." IEEE Communications Magazine 53, no. 2 (2015): 144–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2015.7045403.

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39

Zheng, J. "Efficient bandwidth allocation algorithm for ethernet passive optical networks." IEE Proceedings - Communications 153, no. 3 (2006): 464. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-com:20050358.

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40

Hong Shen, F. Chin, and Yi Pan. "Efficient fault-tolerant routing in multihop optical WDM networks." IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems 10, no. 10 (1999): 1012–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/71.808141.

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41

Skorin-Kapov, Nina, Ozan K. Tonguz, and Nicolas Puech. "Toward efficient failure management for reliable transparent optical networks." IEEE Communications Magazine 47, no. 5 (2009): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2009.4939279.

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42

Leibrich, Jochen, and Werner Rosenkranz. "Multidimensional Constellations for Power-Efficient and Flexible Optical Networks." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 26, no. 8 (2014): 753–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2014.2303513.

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43

Zhang, Liang, and Zuqing Zhu. "Spectrum-efficient anycast in elastic optical inter-datacenter networks." Optical Switching and Networking 14 (August 2014): 250–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.osn.2014.05.018.

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44

Yan, Ziwei, Amrit Mukherjee, Lixia Yang, Sidheswar Routray, and G. Palai. "Energy-efficient node positioning in optical wireless sensor networks." Optik 178 (February 2019): 461–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2018.09.186.

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45

Kedar, Debbie, Shlomi Dolev, and Shlomi Arnon. "Energy-efficient optical acquisition schemes in wireless sensor networks." Wireless Networks 17, no. 8 (2011): 1809–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11276-011-0379-y.

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46

Mustafa, Firas M. "Software Defined Networking Based Optical Network: A review." Academic Journal of Nawroz University 9, no. 2 (2020): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.25007/ajnu.v9n2a718.

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In the field of networking, software-defined networking (SDN) has obtained a lot of concentration from both academic and industry, and it aims to provide a flexible and programmable level of control, beside obtain efficient control and management of network systems. For such reasons, the software-defined networks (SDN) can be deemed as an essential task to accomplish these requirements. In the datacenters and networks, the SDN is used to allow the administrators of the networks to start programming, controlling, changing, and managing dynamically the network behavior with open interfaces and a reflection of lower-level functionality because the need for SDN-like switching technology has become evident for many users of network equipment, especially in large data centers. There are many algorithms and applications that have been considered in SDN such as (FP-MA), EON, (EQUAL-APP) (VONCR-APP), and (T-SDN) as use cases for approval purposes because the SDN provides several focal points to the power, operation, and administration of extensive range networks. This paper aims to review Optical Network using SDN, where many types of research papers are present techniques to improve near-optimal traffic engineering and management; measurement and monitoring of the significant parameters of the optical networks and manage the cross-layer issues such as debugging and testing.

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Prabhu, Boselin, and Bala Kumar. "HIGHLY DISTRIBUTED AND ENERGY EFFICIENT CLUSTERING ALGORITHM FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 4, no. 9 (2016): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v4.i9.2016.2531.

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Wireless sensor network (WSN) is a low-powered prestigious network fashioned by sensor nodes that treasures application in civilian, military, visual sense models and many others. Reduced energy utilization is an exigent task for these sensor networks. By the data aggregation procedure, needless communication between sensor nodes, cluster head and the base station is eluded. An evaluation of energy efficient optical low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy has been performed and the enactments have been compared with the prevailing low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy algorithm, between two detached wireless sensor network fields. The proposed clustering procedure has been primarily implemented to join two distinct wireless sensor fields. An optical fiber is used to join two reserved wireless sensor fields. This distributed clustering methodology chiefly targets in exploiting the parameters like network lifetime, throughput and energy efficiency of the whole wireless sensor system.

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Koubàa, Mohamed, Naama Amdouni, and Taoufik Aguili. "Efficient Traffic Engineering Strategies for Optimizing Network Throughput in WDM All-Optical Networks." International Journal of Computer Network and Information Security 7, no. 6 (2015): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5815/ijcnis.2015.06.05.

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Wang, Yixiang, Ping Lu, Wei Lu, and Zuqing Zhu. "Cost-Efficient Virtual Network Function Graph (vNFG) Provisioning in Multidomain Elastic Optical Networks." Journal of Lightwave Technology 35, no. 13 (2017): 2712–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2017.2700229.

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Biswas, Pramit, and Aneek Adhya. "Energy-efficient network planning and traffic provisioning in IP-over-elastic optical networks." Optik 185 (May 2019): 1115–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2019.04.017.

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