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Journal articles on the topic 'Effluent recyclé'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Jun, H. B., S. M. Park, J. K. Park, and S. H. Lee. "Equalization characteristics of an upflow sludge blanket – aerated biofilter (USB-AF) system." Water Science and Technology 51, no. 10 (2005): 301–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0379.

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Equalization characteristics of the upflow sludge blanket – aerated bio-filter (USB-AF) were investigated with the fluctuated raw domestic sewage. Recycle of nitrified effluent from AF to USB triggered the equalization characteristics of the sludge blanket on both soluble and particulate organic matter. Increment of EPS in sludge blanket by nitrate recycle was detected and removal of turbidity and particulates increased at higher recycle ratios by bio-flocculation. Increased TCOD removal in the USB was due to both denitrification of recycled nitrate and entrapment of the particulate organic ma

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2

Kühn, A. L., and W. A. Pretorius. "Fungal Purification of an Industrial Effluent Containing Volatile Fatty Acids by Means of a Crossflow-Microscreen Technique." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 4-5 (1989): 221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0225.

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An industrial effluent containing C2 to C5 monocarboxylic acids was successfully treated by the fungus Geotrichum candidum using the selective mechanism of the crossflow-microscreen method. Due to the cell separating capacity of the microscreen the system could be operated as a cell recycle reactor with the hydraulic residence time (θ) independent of the mean cell residence time (θx). At θ = 1.25 h and θx = 7.5 h, 89.5% COD reduction was obtained. The excess biomass could be harvested by simple screening and contained a crude protein content of 50.2%, which may be used as a feed supplement. Th

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3

Raza, A., B. Ali, F. U. Haq, M. Awais, and M. S. Jameel. "Influence of fly ash, glass fibers and wastewater on production of recycled aggregate concrete." Materiales de Construcción 71, no. 343 (2021): e253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/mc.2021.15120.

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To encounter the issues of waste materials, low tensile strength of concrete and environmental impacts of cement production, research is needed to develop a sustainable concrete. This study has endeavored to investigate the effects of using recycled coarse aggregates (RCA), various types of wastewater effluents, fly ash, and glass fibers on the mechanical and durability behavior of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) incorporating with fly ash and glass fibers (FGRAC). Six different kinds of wastewater effluents for the mixing of concrete, 100% replacing the natural coarse aggregates with RCA, a

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4

Alhazmi, Hatem, Syyed Shah, and Atif Mahmood. "Sustainable Development of Innovative Green Construction Materials: A Study for Economical Eco-Friendly Recycled Aggregate Based Geopolymer Concrete." Materials 13, no. 21 (2020): 4881. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13214881.

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Green revolution and high carbon footprint concepts have attracted the development of a green and sustainable environment. This work endeavors to investigate the behavior of recycled aggregate geopolymer concrete (RAGC) developed with four different types of effluents to develop sustainability in the construction industry and to produce an eco-friendly environment. Each of the types of effluents was used by completely replacing the freshwater in RAGC to examine its influence on compressive strength (CS), chloride ion migration (CIM), split tensile strength (STS), and resistance to the sulfuric

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5

Ouyang, C. F., R. J. Chiou, and C. T. Lin. "The characteristics of nitrogen removal by the biofilter system." Water Science and Technology 42, no. 12 (2000): 137–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0257.

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Previous research has shown that nitrogen from municipal wastewater could be eliminated by a biofilter system. In this study a system of combined pre-denitrification/nitrification biofilters was set up. It is to investigate the effect of the hydraulic loading and recycled ratio on nitrogen removal. The characteristics of bacterial activity at different heights is discussed. The experiment shows that longer hydraulic loading would result in better total nitrogen removal. Total nitrogen removal might be not dependent on denitrification but nitrification. Hydraulic loading that affects nitrificat

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6

Akunna, Joseph, Claude Bizeau, René Moletta, Nicolas Bernet, and Alain Héduit. "Combined organic carbon and complete nitrogen removal using anaerobic and aerobic upflow filters." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 12 (1994): 297–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0629.

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Two laboratory upflow aerobic and anaerobic filters fed with synthetic wastewaters were used to study firstly the effects of aeration rate on the nitrification of anaerobically pre-treated effluents and secondly the effects of recycle-to-influent ratios on methane production rate, denitrification and nitrification performances of a combined aerobic and anaerobic wastewater treatment process. Nitrification of anaerobically pre-treated effluent was accompanied by aerobic post-treatment for residual COD removal. A comparison of nitrification performances using autotrophic medium and anaerobically

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7

Kraemer, Jeremy T., and David M. Bagley. "Simulation of the Impact of Higher Ammonia Recycle Loads Caused by Upgrading Anaerobic Sludge Digesters." Water Quality Research Journal 40, no. 4 (2005): 491–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2005.053.

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Abstract Upgrading conventional single-stage mesophilic anaerobic digestion to an advanced digestion technology can increase sludge stability, reduce pathogen content, increase biogas production, and also increase ammonia concentrations recycled back to the liquid treatment train. Limited information is available to assess whether the higher ammonia recycle loads from an anaerobic sludge digestion upgrade would lead to higher discharge effluent ammonia concentrations. Biowin, a commercially available wastewater treatment plant simulation package, was used to predict the effects of anaerobic di

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8

Habets, Leo, and Willie Driessen. "Anaerobic treatment of pulp and paper mill effluents – status quo and new developments." Water Science and Technology 55, no. 6 (2007): 223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.232.

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Since the early 1980s, anaerobic treatment of industrial effluents has found widespread application in the pulp and paper industry. Over 200 installations are treating a large variety of different pulp and paper mill effluents. Amongst various anaerobic systems the UASB and IC are the most applied anaerobic reactor systems. Anaerobic treatment is well feasible for effluents originated from recycle paper mills, mechanical pulping (peroxide bleached), semi-chemical pulping and sulphite and kraft evaporator condensates. The advantages of anaerobic pre-treatment are (1) net production of renewable

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9

Horne, Alexander J. "Nitrogen removal from waste treatment pond or activated sludge plant effluents with free-surface wetlands." Water Science and Technology 31, no. 12 (1995): 341–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0503.

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Due to their dynamic mode of operation, waste treatment pond and activated sludge plant effluents always contain quite large amounts of nitrogen relative to those found in natural lakes, streams, and oceans. Typical activated sludge plant effluents contain 25 mgl-1 N, mostly as ammonia. In most aquatic milieux, concentrations of ammonia &gt; 1 mgl-1 N are potentially toxic to fish and other wildlife. Nitrification and denitrification of activated sludge plant effluent alleviates the ammonia problem at a considerable cost but the discharges still usually contain over 10 mgl-1 NO3-N which ex

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10

Bellona, C. L., A. Wuertle, P. Xu, and J. E. Drewes. "Evaluation of a bench-scale membrane fouling protocol to determine fouling propensities of membranes during full-scale water reuse applications." Water Science and Technology 62, no. 5 (2010): 1198–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.416.

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There is increasing interest in recycling wastewater effluents for augmentation of existing water supplies. The treatment of wastewater effluents by an integrated membrane system, such as microfiltration pre-treatment followed by reverse osmosis, is the industry standard for groundwater recharge or reservoir augmentation projects. Membrane fouling, especially effluent organic matter fouling, is a major challenge for water reuse applications employing high-pressure membranes. While fouling control through pre-treatment is an important aspect in membrane system design and operation, selecting lo

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11

Aina, Oluwajinmi Daniel, and Farrukh Ahmad. "Carcinogenic health risk from trihalomethanes during reuse of reclaimed water in coastal cities of the Arabian Gulf." Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination 3, no. 2 (2013): 175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2013.062.

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Trihalomethane (THM) occurrence in reclaimed water and its exposure risk to human health during non-potable reuse was evaluated for a coastal Arabian city. Recycled water was monitored at two representative wastewater treatment facilities: a city-wide activated sludge treatment (AST) plant and a neighborhood membrane bioreactor (MBR). Actual total THM concentrations in the post-chlorinated effluents varied with effluent temperature, peaking at 69.28 ± 2.54 μg/L and 41.15 ± 2.34 μg/L in AST and MBR effluents, respectively, in summer. Higher bromide concentration and favorable Br−/Cl2 ratio duri

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12

Hu, Shang, and Chiu. "Removal of Reactive Dyes in Textile Effluents by Catalytic Ozonation Pursuing on-Site Effluent Recycling." Molecules 24, no. 15 (2019): 2755. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24152755.

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The textile wash-off process consumes substantial amounts of water, which generates large volumes of wastewater that pose potential pollution issues for the environment. In the present study, catalytic ozonation was applied to degrade residual dyes present in rinsing effluents from wash-off processes towards the aim of recycling the waste effluents. A magnetic catalyst was prepared for promoting dye degradation by catalytic ozonation. Via a hydrothermal reaction, highly magnetic manganese ferrite (MnFe2O4) particles were successfully loaded on carbon aerogel (CA) materials (MnFe2O4@CA). The re

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13

Gravelet-Blondin, L. R., S. J. Barclay, C. M. Carliell, and C. A. Buckley. "Management of water resources in South Africa with respect to the textile industry." Water Science and Technology 36, no. 2-3 (1997): 303–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0544.

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South Africa is a water scarce country with an average annual rainfall of less than 60% of the world average. It is therefore important to encourage industries to minimise water consumption, and recycle and re-use water and effluent where possible. The South African Department of Water Affairs and Forestry is responsible for the management of water resources in South Africa, thereby ensuring the provision of adequate water supplies of acceptable quality for all recognised users. Of the industrial effluents produced in South Africa, textile effluents are considered to be one of the most problem

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14

Vigneswaran, S., H. H. Ngo, and K. L. Wee. "Effluent recycle and waste minimization in prawn farm effluent." Journal of Cleaner Production 7, no. 2 (1999): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0959-6526(98)00048-1.

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15

Chua, H., and J. P. C. Fung. "Hydrodynamics in the packed bed of the anaerobic fixed film reactor." Water Science and Technology 33, no. 8 (1996): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0145.

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The anaerobic fixed film reactors (AFFR), containing a mixed population of bacteria immobilized on the surfaces of expanded-clay support medium, have been successfully applied in the simulation of high-strength trade effluent treatment. This paper presents residence time distribution (RTD) studies to investigate the hydrodynamic characteristics in the packed bed of this novel type of reactor under the mixing effects of an effluent recycle stream. The results show that the flow pattern is characterized by various extents of back-mixing as predicted by the dispersion model. An effluent recycle a

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16

Huddy, Robert J., Rose Kantor, Wynand van Zyl, Robert P. van Hille, Jillian F. Banfield, and Susan T. L. Harrison. "Analysis of the Microbial Community Associated with a Bioprocess System for Bioremediation of Thiocyanate- and Cyanide-Laden Mine Water Effluents." Advanced Materials Research 1130 (November 2015): 614–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1130.614.

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Gold extraction by cyanidation from refractory gold ores results in the formation of thiocyanate-and cyanide-contaminated wastewater effluents that must be treated before recycle or discard. Activated sludge processes, such as ASTERTM, can be used for biodegradation of these effluent streams. The destruction of these compounds is catalyzed by a mixed microbial culture, however, very little is known about the community composition and metabolic potential of the thiocyanate-and cyanide-degrading microorganisms within the community. Here we describe our on-going attempts to better understand the

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17

Camargo Valero, M. A., D. D. Mara, and R. J. Newton. "Nitrogen removal in maturation waste stabilisation ponds via biological uptake and sedimentation of dead biomass." Water Science and Technology 61, no. 4 (2010): 1027–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.952.

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In this work a set of experiments was undertaken in a pilot-scale WSP system to determine the importance of organic nitrogen sedimentation on ammonium and total nitrogen removals in maturation ponds and its seasonal variation under British weather conditions, from September 2004 to May 2007. The nitrogen content in collected sediment samples varied from 4.17% to 6.78% (dry weight) and calculated nitrogen sedimentation rates ranged from 273 to 2868 g N/ha d. High ammonium removals were observed together with high concentrations of chlorophyll-a in the pond effluent. Moreover, chlorophyll-a had

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18

Rathore, Dheeraj, and Ratan Singh. "Carbon and Ecological Footprint of Textile Industry: Application of R3 Strategy to Mitigate the Environmental Effects of Textile Processing Waste." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT 5, no. 02 (2019): 133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v5i02.11.

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The carbon footprint reflects the greenhouse gases (GHGs) generated throughout the life cycle of a human activity or product, and is therefore an important tool for assessing and managing GHGs emissions. Ecological footprint display the impact assesments of waste managments process of any industry, as it generates very harmful products in the environment. However, it needs attention to use advanced technology to mentain the equllibrium of carbon and ecological footprint of textile industry. Presented review comprises the carbon and ecological foot prints of textile effluents and 3R strategy fo

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19

Lü, F., P. J. He, L. P. Hao, and L. M. Shao. "Impact of recycled effluent on the hydrolysis during anaerobic digestion of vegetable and flower waste." Water Science and Technology 58, no. 8 (2008): 1637–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.511.

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Two trials were established to investigate the effect of recycled effluent on hydrolysis during anaerobic co-digestion of vegetable and flower waste. Trial I evaluated the effect by regulating the flow rate of recycled effluent, while Trial II regulated the ratio of hydrolytic effluent to methanogenic effluent, which were recycled to hydrolysis reactor. Results showed that the recirculation of methanogenic effluent could enhance the buffer capability and operation stability of hydrolysis reactor. Higher recycled flow rate was favourable for microbial anabolism and further promoted hydrolysis.

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20

Boman, B., M. Ek, W. Heyman, and B. Frostell. "Membrane Filtration Combined with Biological Treatment for Purification of Bleach Plant Effluents." Water Science and Technology 24, no. 3-4 (1991): 219–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0478.

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A bleach plant effluent from softwood kraft pulping was treated in the laboratory with a combination of ultrafiltration and different biological methods. The E-stage effluent was firstly membrane filtered using membranes with a nominal cut-off of 8,000 Dalton. In the filtration, a concentration factor of 15 was used at 55°C. The treatment resulted in 89% AOX removal and 87% COD removal. Calculated in relation to the actual flows of E-stage and (C+D)-stage effluent at the mill, this corresponded to AOX and COD removals of 20% and 41% respectively. Before the biological treatment, the permeate w

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21

Park, S. M., H. B. Jun, S. P. Hong, and J. C. Kwon. "Small sewage treatment system with an anaerobic - anoxic - aerobic combined biofilter." Water Science and Technology 48, no. 11-12 (2004): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0844.

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The objective of this study was to investigate a small sewage treatment system that could improve nitrogen and BOD5 removal efficiency as well as generate less solid using an anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic biofiltration system. Wastewater temperature was in the range of 14–25°C, and hydraulic residual times were 12 h for each reactor. The upflow anaerobic digester equipped with anoxic filter was fed with both raw sewage and recycled effluent from the aerobic filter to induce denitrification and solid reduction simultaneously. In the subsequent aerobic filter, residual organic carbon and ammonia migh

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22

Melcer, Henryk, Wayne J. Parker, and Bruce E. Rittmann. "Modeling of volatile organic contaminants in trickling filter systems." Water Science and Technology 31, no. 1 (1995): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0023.

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Despite the widespread use of trickling filters, there has been minimal investigation of the fate of volatile organic contaminants (VOCs) in such systems. A model describing the fate of VOCs in trickling filters is described. The removal of VOCs was investigated in a pilot-scale trickling filter receiving a feed of sewage dosed with a constant concentration of selected VOCs. Increasing hydraulic loading tended to increase the proportion of influent VOCs found in the effluent. Imposing effluent recycle also increased the fraction of VOCs found in the effluent but also decreased the fraction str

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23

Fox, M. H., T. Noike, and T. Ohki. "Alkaline subcritical-water treatment and alkaline heat treatment for the increase in biodegradability of newsprint waste." Water Science and Technology 48, no. 4 (2003): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0226.

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This work describes two alkaline semicontinuous processes for the conversion of refractory organic materials into biodegradable substances. Newsprint was used as a lignocellulosic waste. Methane conversion efficiencies and cellulose removals were investigated for the two following processes: alkaline subcritical-water treatment (ASWT) coupled with methane fermentation and alkaline heat treatment (newsprint heated with steam in an autoclave; AHT) coupled with methane fermentation with a neutral subcritical-water treatment (NSWT) recycle. Results showed that for ASWT coupled with methane ferment

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24

Ahmad Shahrifun, Nurul Shairah, Norul Nazilah Ab’lah, Hazilia Hussain, Azmi Aris, Qistina Omar, and Norlaily Ahmad. "Reusability of Fenton Sludge to Reduce COD and Color on Palm Oil Mill Secondary Effluent (POMSE)." Advanced Materials Research 1113 (July 2015): 486–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1113.486.

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This paper reports on the reusability of iron sludge generated from the solar Fenton oxidation on Palm Oil Mill Secondary Effluent (POMSE) samples. The aim of this study was to observe the reusability of Fenton sludge to be used as iron sources for reducing the COD and color of POMSE. The feasibility of iron sludge was determined by recycling the iron sludge five times. Result showed that the percentage removal of COD and color was generally reduced from fresh iron used (F1) to Recycled 1 (R1) and eventually Recycle 5 (R5). The percentage removal of COD for F1, R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5 were 83.8

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25

Matsushita, Takao, Nobutake Sasaki, and Takeo Nagasawa. "Study on recovery of recycled bleachery effluent. II. Computer simulation of recycled bleachery effluent reuse." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 40, no. 11 (1986): 1041–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.40.1041.

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26

Sasaki, Nobutake, Kazuyoshi Wakata, Katsuhiko Sakata, and Takeo Nagasawa. "Study on recovery of recycled bleachery effluent. 1. Brown stock washing with recycled bleachery effluent." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 40, no. 10 (1986): 965–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.40.965.

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27

Law, I. B. "Refuse, Recycling and Resource Recovery in Industrial Applications." Water Science and Technology 18, no. 3 (1986): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1986.0038.

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Growing environmental pressures and escalating intake water costs are causing an increasing number of industrialists to reappraise their effluent treatment facilities with a view to effluent recycle and/or resource recovery. In certain instances industrialists have opted for treated sewage effluent as a water source for their process. Water Management Schemes are being, or have been, implemented at a number of industrial concerns in order to rationalise overall water intake and effluent disposal costs.

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28

Karia, V. K., and V. S. Joshi. "Recovery and Recycling of Liquid Effluent at GNFC – A Step towards Zero Effluent." Water Science and Technology 20, no. 10 (1988): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1988.0135.

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The Gujarat Narmada Valley Fertilizers Company Ltd (GNFC), a giant fertilizers and chemicals complex, owns the world's largest single stream ammonia and urea plants, and is located in the predominantly backward area of Bharuch District in Gujarat State, India. The company began commercial production on 1st July 1982. GNFC's performance as regards both capacity utilization and pollution control, has been good right from commissioning. Concerning pollution control, the company has adopted a productivity oriented approach which is entirely different from the usual ‘policeman' approach or ‘problem

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29

Zwain, Haider M., Hamidi Abdul Aziz, and Irvan Dahlan. "Effect of inoculum source and effluent recycle on the start-up performance of a modified anaerobic inclining-baffled reactor treating recycled paper mill effluent." Desalination and Water Treatment 57, no. 45 (2015): 21350–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2015.1119758.

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30

Dee, A., N. James, I. Jones, J. Strickland, J. Upton, and P. Cooper. "Pre- or post-denitrification at biological filter works? A case study." Water Science and Technology 29, no. 10-11 (1994): 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0756.

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Pilot plant studies were conducted to evaluate the use of pre-denitrification for nitrogen removal at low-rate biological filter works. The plant was operated over a range of recycle ratios to determine the optimum operating conditions. It was possible to meet a total nitrogen limit of 15 mg TN/l with a 2:1 ratio of recycled filter effluent to settled sewage. Following the studies, an economic comparison was made to compare the costs of pre-denite plant with post-denitrification in tertiary sand filters. The cost-effectiveness of the pre-denite process depended on the price of the external car

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31

Lo, Shang-Lien, and Ya-Chi Tsao. "Economic analysis of waste minimization for electroplating plants." Water Science and Technology 36, no. 2-3 (1997): 383–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0564.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the application of waste minimization technology to electroplating plants and to evaluate the economic aspects of such an application. Waste minimization in electroplating plants can be classified into two categories: recycling and source reduction. Generally, source reduction takes priority before the other and is the most economic tool for waste minimization. Reduction of spent cleaning solutions and drag-out minimization are two major tasks, in which 86% and 60%, respectively, of the plants reviewed were involved, while 74% of the electroplating

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Feinerman, Eli, Yakir Plessner, and Dafna M. DiSegni Eshel. "Recycled Effluent: Should the Polluter Pay?" American Journal of Agricultural Economics 83, no. 4 (2001): 958–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0002-9092.00222.

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Gil, K. I., and E. Choi. "Nitrogen removal by recycle water nitritation as an attractive alternative for retrofit technologies in municipal wastewater treatment plants." Water Science and Technology 49, no. 5-6 (2004): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0735.

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The recycle water from sludge processing in municipal wastewater treatment plants causes many serious problems in the efficiency and stability of the mainstream process. Thus, the design approach for recycle water is an important part of any biological nutrient removal system design when a retrofit technology is required for upgrading an existing plant. Moreover, the application of nitrogen removal from recycle water using the nitritation process has recently increased due to economic reasons associated with an effective carbon allocation as well as the minimization of aeration costs. However,

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Bhaskar, JR. "Recycle of Treated Effluent to Help Water Crisis." INROADS- An International Journal of Jaipur National University 3, no. 2 (2014): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2277-4912.2014.00011.3.

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35

Biswas, R., S. Bagchi, C. Urewar, D. Gupta, and T. Nandy. "Treatment of wastewater from a low-temperature carbonization process industry through biological and chemical oxidation processes for recycle/reuse: a case study." Water Science and Technology 61, no. 10 (2010): 2563–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.181.

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Low-temperature carbonization (LTC) of coal generates highly complex wastewater warranting stringent treatment. Developing a techno-economically viable treatment facility for such wastewaters is a challenging task. The paper discusses a case study pertaining to an existing non-performing effluent treatment plant (ETP). The existing ETP comprising an ammonia stripper followed by a single stage biological oxidation was unable to treat 1,050 m3/d of effluent as per the stipulated discharge norms. The treated effluent from the existing ETP was characterized with high concentrations of ammonia (75–

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Zhang, Yi, Jenna Buchanan, Jiasheng Su, Zhuangdou Zhang, Geoff Holmes, and Sujay Prabakar. "Studies on Collagen Structure using X-Ray Scattering on a Closed-Loop Leather Process." Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association 115, no. 10 (2020): 373–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v115i10.4175.

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Waste management in leather processing is crucial in limiting the excess use of hazardous materials that lead to environmental pollution and health concerns. A closed-loop approach was developed to recycle the spent solutions from leather processing to reduce waste in the effluent. The structural changes of collagen that accompany such processing are yet to be studied and is crucial in understanding the closed-loop process and its subsequent leather properties. In this study, we analysed the collagen structure at different processing stages across the closed-loop approach using synchrotron sma

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Kalyuzhnyi, S. V., M. A. Gladchenko, V. I. Skylar, Ye S. Kizimenko, and S. S. Shcherbakov. "Psychrophilic one- and two-step systems for pre-treatment of winery waste water." Water Science and Technology 44, no. 4 (2001): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0169.

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The operation performance of a single and two (in series) laboratory UASB reactors (working volume of 2.7 l, recycle ratio varied from 1:1 to 1:18) treating diluted wine vinasse was investigated under psychrophilic conditions (4-10°C). For a single UASB reactor seeded with granular sludge, the average organic loading rates (OLR) applied were 4.7, 3.7 and 1.7 g COD/l/d (hydraulic retention times (HRTs) were around 1 d) at 9-11, 6-7 and 4-5°C, respectively. The average total COD removal for preacidified vinasse wastewater was around 60% for all the temperature regimes tested. For two UASB reacto

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Griffin, P., P. Jennings, and E. Bowman. "Advanced Nitrogen Removal by Rotating Biological Contactors, Recycle and Constructed Wetlands." Water Science and Technology 40, no. 4-5 (1999): 383–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0614.

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The sewage treatment facility at Himley comprises Rotating Biological Contactors (RBCs) and subsurface flow constructed reed beds in series. A recycle facility returns RBC effluent to the influent flow. Effluent total nitrogen (TN) has always been low since commissioning and the reasons were investigated. Denitrification was observed to occur in the primary settlement tank. High hydraulic loadings in the RBC biozone deteriorated BOD5 and TSS removal, but good nitrification was obtained. The relatively poor effluent from the RBC gave a carbon source allowing further denitrification through the

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Anderson, E., P. Ginestet, M. Spérandio, and E. Paul. "Influence of pre-treatments and recycled flows on the COD fractions of a wastewater: a case study." Water Science and Technology 43, no. 11 (2001): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0672.

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Physical-chemical and biological fractionation methods were used at different parts of the Evry WWTP in order to assess the influence of effluents recycled from the primary settling tanks and sludge treatment processes on the characteristics of the wastewater. The RBCOD doubled between the WWTP influent and the biological reactor inlet, thus doubling the denitrifying potential of the plant. The primary sludge gravity thickener effluent, subject to a great variability, appeared to contribute up to 38% of the RBCOD contained in the biological reactor influent, whereas only 30% seemed to come fro

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Randall, Clifford W., David Waltrip, and Milind V. Wable. "Upgrading a Municipal Activated Sludge Plant for High-Rate Biological Nutrient Removal." Water Science and Technology 22, no. 7-8 (1990): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1990.0226.

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A full-scale activated sludge plant was modified for high-rate BNR operation at minimal cost. Three different processes (A/0+, A2/0+ and UCT) were studied at BSRTs varying from 4 to 14 days and HRTs of 2 to 6 hours. Onset of BPR was almost immediate without addition of special seed. Good phosphorus removal was obtained with all three processes except for periods of extremely high influent flows or high nitrate recycle to the anaerobic zone. However, because of high process phosphorus loadings resulting from high influent concentrations and sludge processing recycles, effluent TP concentrations

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Nolasco, M. A., A. L. O. Campos, A. M. Springer, and E. C. Pires. "Use of lysis and recycle to control excess sludge production in activated sludge treatment: bench scale study and effect of chlorinated organic compounds." Water Science and Technology 46, no. 10 (2002): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0289.

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The most widely used treatment system in the pulp and paper industry - the activated sludge - produces high quantities of sludge which need proper disposal. In this paper a modified activated sludge process is presented. A synthetic wastewater, prepared to simulate the effluent of bleached and unbleached pulp and paper plant wastewater, was submitted to treatment in a bench scale aerobic reactor. The excess sludge was lysed in a mechanical mill - Kaddy™ mill - and totally recycled to the aeration tank. In the first phase the synthetic wastewater, without the chlorinated compounds, was fed to t

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Setiadi, Tjandra, Husaini, and Asis Djajadiningrat. "Palm oil mill effluent treatment by anaerobic baffled reactors: recycle effects and biokinetic parameters." Water Science and Technology 34, no. 11 (1996): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0263.

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In this study, the effects of recycle on anaerobic baffled reactor performances in treating palm oil mill effluents were investigated and biokinetic parameters were also determined. Recycle-ratio effect studies were carried out at the average loading rate of 15.6 g COD/l/d with the recycle rate varied from 5 to 25 times of the fresh-feed rate. The study shows that in the current system, a recycle of more than 15 times is needed to maintain the system pH higher than 6.8 without alkalinity supplementation, and the imposition of recycle is an effective means to reduce alkalinity requirements. Mor

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Hidaka, Katsuhiko. "Approach the Issues on Coating Color Recycle and Effluent." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 71, no. 9 (2017): 963–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.71.963.

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Falcon, M., B. Peyrille, P. Reihac, J. N. Foussard, and H. Debellefontaine. "Oxydation en voie humide de la pollution organique aqueuse par le peroxyde d'hydrogène Procédé « Wet Peroxide Oxidation » (WPO®) Étude de nouveaux catalyseurs." Revue des sciences de l'eau 6, no. 4 (2005): 411–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705183ar.

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Les effluents aqueux pollués par des matières organiques provenant d'industries chimiques présentent souvent une faible biodégradabilité. Dans certains domaines de concentration (DCO = 0,5 - 15 g/l), le procédé WPO® développé au laboratoire se substitue avantageusement à l'incinération pour traiter ce type d'effluents. La réaction, qui met en œuvre le réactif de Fenton à température élevée, conduit parfois à la formation de quantités importantes d'acides carboxyliques légers. Nous avons donc développé des systèmes catalytiques originaux remplaçant les sels de fer et conduisant à une oxydation

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Moosbrugger, R. E., M. C. Wentzel, G. A. Ekama, and G. v. R. Marais. "Treatment of Wine Distillery Waste in UASB Systems – Feasibility, Alkalinity Requirements and pH Control." Water Science and Technology 28, no. 2 (1993): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0074.

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Grape wine distillery waste developed a pelletised sludge bed in a UASB system. Product formation along the line of flow in the pelletised bed was similar to that when treating a pure carbohydrate, apple juice waste. Pelletised sludge production was about 0.14 mgVSS/mgCOD removed (as against 0.42 mgVSS/mgCOD removed for apple juice waste), indicating a low influent COD carbohydrate fraction. The pellets were not as compact as with apple juice waste and were smaller (&lt; 2 mm). The distillery waste COD ranged from 20 000 to 30 000 mg/ℓ. An appreciable amount of H2CO3*alkalinity was generat

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Shiskowski, D. M., and D. S. Mavinic. "Pre-denitrification and pre- and post-denitrification treatment of high-ammonia landfill leachate." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 25, no. 5 (1998): 854–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l98-018.

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This bench-scale study investigated the nitrogen-removal capabilities of two different biological process configurations treating methanogenic-state landfill leachate containing up to 1200 mg N/L of ammonia. The first configuration was a pre-denitrification system known as the modified Ludzack-Ettinger (MLE) process. Large clarifier sludge recycle flows, set to yield clarifier recycle ratios of 7:1 and 8:1, were evaluated as a means to reduce effluent NOx concentrations. A pre- and post-denitrification system, known as the four-stage Bardenpho process, was the second configuration evaluated. T

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Sasaki, Nobutake, Kazuyoshi Wakata, Katsuhiko Sakata, and Takeo Nagasawa. "Study on recovery of recycled bleachery effluent. III Some effects in cooking liquor recovery process with recycled bleachery effluent reuse." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 40, no. 12 (1986): 1151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.40.1151.

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Menzel, C. M., and P. Broomhall. "Response of tropical turfgrasses to recycled water in southern Queensland." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46, no. 12 (2006): 1645. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea04245.

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The effects of recycled water (effluent) on 8 tropical grasses growing in 100-L bags of sand were studied in Murrumba Downs, just north of Brisbane in southern Queensland (27.4°S, 153.1°E). The species used were: Axonopus compressus (broad-leaf carpetgrass), Cynodon dactylon (bermudagrass ‘Winter Green’) and C. dactylon × C. transvaalensis hybrid (‘Tifgreen’), Digitaria didactyla (Queensland blue couch), Paspalum notatum (bahiagrass ‘38824’), Stenotaphrum secundatum (buffalograss ‘Palmetto’), Eremochloa ophiuroides (centipedegrass ‘Centec’) and Zoysia japonica (zoysiagrass ‘ZT-11’). From May 2

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Kim, K. S., K. M. Cho, H. Choi, and I. S. Kim. "A pilot study on nitrogen and phosphorus removal by a modified photostrip process." Water Science and Technology 42, no. 3-4 (2000): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0380.

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A pilot plant with a capacity of 20∼30m3/day was operated for 10 months for simultaneous removal of nitrogen and phosphorus by a modified Phostrip process. In the process, a denitrification tank was installed before the aeration tank in the Phostrip process, which was developed mainly for phosphorus removal. To maintain the effluent TKN concentration in the range of 1∼3 mg/L, the allowable maximum TKN loading rate in the aeration tank was found to be 0.065 kg TKN/kg MLSS·d. The nitrification rate in the aeration tank increased as the influent COD/TKN ratio declined. The optimal internal recycl

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Bae, Jae-Ho, Sang-Keun Kim, and Hyun-Sik Chang. "Treatment of landfill leachates: ammonia removal via nitrification and denitrification and further COD reduction via Fenton's treatment followed by activated sludge." Water Science and Technology 36, no. 12 (1997): 341–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0463.

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Leachates from a municipal solid waste landfill were treated by anaerobic filter (AF) and two-stage activated sludge (AS) for the removal of ammonia. Nitrification in the first stage AS was efficient, but was unstable with temporary accumulations of nitrite by free ammonia toxicity. With the second stage AS, complete nitrification of ammonia and nitrite was achieved. Denitrification via nitrite occurred with the first stage AS effluent recycle, and the resulting AF effluent NOx concentration was kept lower compared to the case in which denitrification via nitrate only occurred with the second

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