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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Effluent'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Silva, Marcos Erick Rodrigues da. "Post-Treatment for effluents of anaerobic reactors treating domestic effluent by natural and unnatural coagulants." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2006. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=266.

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FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico<br>The current investigation aimed to study post-treatments for effluents of anaerobic sludge blanket reactors by using both natural (Moringa oleifera, Lam) and unnatural coagulants. For that, many jar-tests were conducted either using sewage or effluent of a lab-scale UASB (upflow anaerobic sludge blanket) reactor. Many dosages of natural (Moringa oleifera) and unnatural (ferric chloride) coagulants were tested with sewage. Afterwards, the coagulants effect associated to a polymer (FO 4140) was assessed in the physical-che

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2

Peterson, Mark. "Electrodisinfection of Municipal Wastewater Effluent." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2005. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/294.

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To avoid the spread of disease from sewage treatment effluents, pathogenic microorganisms present must be destroyed by one or a combination of disinfection methods. Chlorine remains the predominant disinfectant used although it consumes considerable amounts of energy and has associated exposure risks from production, transportation and storage of this poisonous gas. In addition to bacteria and other objectionable microorganisms, color, suspended and colloidal solids also require removal from water for reuse. Aluminum and iron additions have been used to coagulate and remove non-settle

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3

Santos, Bruno Alexandre Quistorp. "Continuous bioremediation of electroplating effluent." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/865.

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Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Magister Technologiae: Chemical Engineering in the Faculty of Engineering at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology 2013<br>There are significant quantities of free cyanide (F-CN) and heavy metal contaminated effluent being discharged from electroplating operations globally. However, there is an overwhelming tendency in the industry to use physical and/or chemical treatment methods for cyanides (CNs) and heavy metals in effluent. Although these methods may be effective for certain CNs and heavy metals, they produce toxic by

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4

Uhlman, Kristine, Susanna Eden, Channah Rock, Erin Westfall, and Terry Sprouse. "Effluent Dependent Streams of Arizona." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/225865.

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5

Long, Xiaoping. "Minimum effluent process for pulp mill." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/11825.

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6

Santoyo-Gutierrez, Socrates. "Absorption heat pump assisted effluent purification." Thesis, University of Salford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245055.

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7

McClure, P. J. "The biodegradation of pharmaceutical effluent constituents." Thesis, Bucks New University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233071.

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8

Hariyadi, Hari Rom. "Microbiological treatment of prochloraz process effluent." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366913.

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9

Wrigley, Timothy John. "Water quality improvement of piggery effluent." Thesis, Wrigley, Timothy John (1999) Water quality improvement of piggery effluent. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1999. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/52406/.

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An experimental wetland system was constructed to upgrade the water quality of piggery wastewater. Transplanted aquatic macrophytes were successfully established within the wetland. The wetland experiment was concluded prematurely because of continual pipework blockages which prevented wastewater flow into the wetland. The precipitate in the pipework was identified as Struvite, MgNH4PO4.6H2O, a precipitate widely associated with wastewaters and kidney stones. The formation of struvite in the piggery wastewaters indicated that struvite may be an important process in the removal of nutri

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10

Chan, Kwok Ho. "Potential Reuse of wastewater effluent in Macau." Thesis, University of Macau, 2009. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1944060.

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11

Farr, Gary Derek. "Chlorination effluent recycle in kraft pulp bleaching." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29938.

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When performed at an industrial scale, kraft pulp bleaching commonly utilizes recycled chlorination effluent for brown stock dilution. Much of the information regarding this practice pertains to pulp quality. Some of the previous research done in this field failed to separate its effect from the effect of countercurrent effluent recycle for pulp washing. In addition, there are some shortcomings of the batch techniques that have been used to simulate effluent recycle in the laboratory. Thus little is known about the effect of this practice on effluent quality. Accordingly, the objective of thi

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12

Faustine, Claire. "Environmental Review of Petroleum Industry Effluent Analysis." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-32828.

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The present report deals with environmental issues in refineries and petrochemical processes.More precisely gaseous, liquid and solid effluents from processes are analysed qualitativelyand quantitatively when possible. Techniques to treat these effluents are reviewed or proposedwhen lacking and methods to do not produce these effluents are envisaged.In the part A of the report general effluents that are released from all types of processes arestudied. These effluents include fugitive emissions, flue gases from process heaters,blowdown systems emissions and wastewaters. Fugitive emissions, one

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13

Melanson, Jason B. "Effluent recycling in a Kraft pulp mill." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0009/MQ60153.pdf.

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14

Schrader, Guillo Alexander. "Direct nanofiltration of wastewater treatment plant effluent." Enschede : University of Twente [Host], 2006. http://doc.utwente.nl/55981.

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15

Al-Wohoush, Mohammad. "Combustion of effluent concentrates from pulp mills." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84459.

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Recycling of bleaching effluents into the black liquor recovery system has become an important step of a closed cycle technology that, in a kraft pulp mill, will result in a reduction in pollutants discharge into receiving waters and also a decrease of fresh water consumption.<br>In the current work, the combustion of pre-dried solid samples of black liquor (BL), chlorination effluent (C/D), and extraction effluent (E 1) as well as two-component and three-component mixtures was investigated experimentally in a Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA) and in a Constant-Temperature Tube Furnace.<

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16

Smart, Gillian. "Bioremoval of recalcitrant colour from effluent wastestreams." Thesis, University of Bolton, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.494270.

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17

Miqdadi, Issam Mahmoud Ahmad. "Removal of algae from facultative pond effluent." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/475.

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Wastewater stabilization ponds have gained popularity as a means of secondary wastewater treatment because of their low cost and simplicity of operation and maintenance, in addition to several other advantages. However, the presence of algae in the effluent from facultative ponds may cause undesirable environmental impacts, such as DO depletion or eutrophication, in water bodies to which this effluent is discharged. Thus, regulations and/or the adverse environmental impacts of effluents containing algae sometimes necessitate reduction or removal of algae from pond effluents. Many methods have

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18

White, Simon James George. "Monitoring of chemical toxicants in effluent streams." Thesis, University of Salford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.427040.

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19

Brooks, Bryan W. "Ecotoxicological Investigations in Effluent-Dominated Stream Mesocosms." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2002. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3359/.

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The University of North Texas Stream Research Facility (UNTSRF) was designed to examine contaminant impacts on effluent-dominated stream ecosystems. Stream mesocosms, fed municipal effluent from the City of Denton, TX, Pecan Creek Water Reclamation Plant (PCWRP), were treated with 0, 15 or 140 µg/L cadmium for a 10-day study in August 2000. Laboratory toxicity test and stream macroinvertebrate responses indicated that cadmium bioavailability was reduced by constituents of effluent-dominated streams. The Biotic Ligand Model (BLM) for Cd was used to predict a 48 hour Cd EC50 for Ceriodaphnia dub

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20

Russo, Stephen Leonard. "Anaerobic treatment of a paper plant effluent." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21988.

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The objective of this study was to investigate the anaerobic biological treatment of an organic-bearing wastewater from a particular paper manufacturing process at laboratory scale. The process produces paper by re-pulping waste paper. Effluent from the process has a Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) concentration of approximately 4500 mg/l with a sulphate content of approximately 300 mg SO₄²⁻/l. The upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor was selected for the study. Important information derived from the laboratory treatability study was: (l) the extent of COD removal possible; (2) the effluent

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21

Brooks, George Benjamin Jr. "Dissolved Nitrogen Compounds in Integrated Aquaculture Effluent." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/208657.

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Integrated aquaculture utilizing pre- irrigation water will hypothetically increase the levels of dissolved nitrogen products in the resulting effluent. Research was performed to assess the levels of additional nutrients added. The results suggest however, that integrated aquaculture may reduce the amount of nitrogen as nitrate applied to the fields.

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22

Santín, López Ignacio. "Application of control strategies in wastewater treatment plants for effluent quality improvement, costs reduction and effluent limits violations removal." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/305238.

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En este trabajo se aplican diferentes estrategias de control en las plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales. El primer objetivo es la mejora del rendimiento de control. Básicamente, esto sirve como una prueba de que la estrategia de control propuesta se ha aplicado correctamente. El objetivo final es el efecto de la estrategia de control aplicada sobre el rendimiento de la planta. En concreto, mejorar la calidad del efluente, reducir costes de operación y evitar violaciones de los límites establecidos en el efluente. La evaluación de las diferentes estrategias de control se lleva a cabo en

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23

Rui, Li. "The use of treated effluent for agricultural irrigation in the Bottelary River area: Effluent quality, farmers perception and potential extent." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=init_1918_1177917293.

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The Bottelary River area is located in a Mediterranean climate region, where the agricultural sector plays an important role. During the dry summer season, there is not enough precipitation to meet the agricultural irrigation requirements. Some farmers extract river water which is practically the final treated effluent from the Scottsdene Wastewater Treatment Works to irrigate crops. This research investigated the use of treated effluent for agricultural irrigation in this area, particularly focused on the effluent quality, farmers perception, and the potential extent.

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24

Domnik, Corinna S. "Activated sludge treatment of chemi-thermo-mechanical pulping effluent : a theoretical and experimental investigation of the response to effluent variation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ29591.pdf.

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25

Miller, Paul Thomas. "Seasonal Nutrient Dynamics in a Small-Scale Constructed Wetland Treating Primary Effluent with Applications of Effluent Reuse in Biomass Production." The University of Montana, 2008. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-05272008-135409/.

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Constructed wetlands have been investigated for use in the treatment of municipal wastewater. Species of nitrogen and phosphorus are the nutrients of focus and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS) and fecal coliform are the pollutants. Prior work has focused on design concepts, plant effects on nutrient and pollutant treatment, and annualized treatment performance characteristics. This work builds upon published design concepts and wetland plant community and its function and investigates seasonal treatment performance and the kinetics of treatment performance for cert

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26

Peters, Derek A. "Bleach plant effluent reduction at Fraser Papers Inc." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0023/MQ62143.pdf.

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27

Hanna, Kalim Nabil. "Electrophoretic removal of fine particulates from aquacultural effluent." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/1663.

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Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2004.<br>Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Biological Resources Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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28

Tam, Kawai 1969. "Neutralization of an acidic effluent using magnesium hydroxide." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26426.

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Metal and acid containing effluents generated by industry are most commonly treated with lime which neutralizes the acid and precipitates the dissolved metals. The resulting sludge contains gypsum which has a high water content and requires large landfill volumes. It is therefore desirable to find a neutralizing agent which has a good neutralizing capacity and a dense precipitate which can be easily dewatered at low cost. A dense, fast settling sludge would also reduce the cost of the process and the volume to be landfilled. Magnesium hydroxide has been examined in this research as a neutraliz

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29

Andrews, Lisa Clare. "Electrolytic treatment of effluent streams using novel technologies." Thesis, Brunel University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270935.

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30

Munn, Nigel Duoglas Kenneth. "Effluent Dispersal to the Chalk Aquifer in Hampshire." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.506513.

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31

Savage, Matthew John. "Integrated Treatment Processes For Primary Wool Scouring Effluent." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Chemical and Process Engineering, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1125.

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The increasing cost of effluent treatment in the wool scouring industry is rapidly becoming a determining factor in the viability of existing scouring operations and new installations alike. This thesis details the development of an integrated effluent treatment process capable of treating the worst polluted effluent from a wool scour "heavy flow-down", to the point where it can either be economically discharged to local trade waste sewer, or directly discharged to river or ocean outfall with minimal environmental impact. The existing proprietary chemical flocculation process, Sirolan CF™, was

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32

Diaper, Clare. "Low pressure nanofiltration membranes for dyehouse effluent treatment." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284922.

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33

Clark, Ian Paul. "Treatment studies on a xenobiotic containing industrial effluent." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1990. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1397/.

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34

Lopes, Celine de Oliveira Marques. "Evaluation of anaerobic acidification potential for winery effluent." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/10253.

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Mestrado em Estudos Ambientais<br>Given that the industrial wastewater represent a negative contribution of great significance to environmental, developed this work with a practical study on the behavior of a particular industrial effluent, in this case the wine, when subjected to tests of anaerobic acidification in batch reactors, in order to obtain value-added products from this waste. In this sense we studied the effects of this treatment in three operating parameters: organic load, alkalinity and using a thermal pre-treatment for biomass, in order to inhibit methanogenic activity. In all t

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35

Santerior, Paula Denise 1966. "Nitrogen transformation in the subsurface during effluent recharge." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/192068.

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The transformation of nitrogen in treated effluent during recharge at the Sweetwater Underground Storage and Recovery Facility was examined. The procedure consisted of obtaining samples of percolating water and groundwater below a 3.3 acre infiltration basin, carried out over the recharge season October 29, 1991 - May 23, 1992 and during an entire 4 day wetting/6 day drying cycle. Nitrate concentrations decreased in the profile and in groundwater throughout the season. During the wetting/drying cycle the nitrate level decreased from a maximum of over 20 mg/L NO₃⁻-N at a depth of 5 feet to abou

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36

Littlehat, Jr Peter. "Thyromimetic and Proteomic Analysis of Secondary Wastewater Effluent." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193857.

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Wastewater reclamation and reuse is imperative in water-starved areas such as the southwestern United States. In the Tucson Active Management Area, a geographic region defined for the purpose of groundwater management, the total demand for water already exceeds the available water supply, which consists of renewable ground water and the regional entitlement to Central Arizona Project water. Thus, the regional demand cannot be satisfied without resorting to groundwater mining unless water is reclaimed for local beneficial use. Less certain are the acceptable uses for reclaimed water and the nat

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37

Brown, Jonathan Jed 1964. "Halophytes for the treatment of saline aquaculture effluent." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282715.

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The discharge of untreated aquaculture effluent can pollute receiving water bodies. I tested the feasibility of using salt-tolerant plants (halophytes) with potential as forage and oilseed crops, as biofilters to treat saline aquaculture effluent. Plants were grown in draining lysimeters in greenhouses and irrigated with effluent salinized with NaCl. Irrigation water came from a recirculating tilapia culture system. I measured yield potential, water use and capacity for nitrogen and phosphorus uptake. In Experiment 1, Suaeda esteroa, Salicornia bigelovii and Atriplex barclayana (Chenopodiaceae

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38

Zongo, Inoussa. "Étude expérimentale et théorique du procédé d'électrocoagulation : application au traitement de deux effluents textiles et d'un effluent simulé de tannerie." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPL066N/document.

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L’électrocoagulation est une technique de traitement des eaux usées basée sur la dissolution d’anode sacrificielle de fer ou d’aluminium. Ces métaux se dissolvent sous formes de cations Fe2+ puis Fe3+ et Al3+ qui vont former des hydroxydes de métal qui entraînent par adsorption les impuretés de l’effluent en diminuant le potentiel Zêta de ces impuretés. Le réacteur électrochimique utilisé est constitué de deux électrodes métalliques (Fe ou Al) planes et parallèles qui laissent passer entre elles l’effluent à traiter. Des densités de courant de 50 à 200 A/m2 ont été appliquées pour traiter les

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39

Zodi, Salim. "Étude de l'épuration d'effluents de composition complexe par électrocoagulation et des couplages intervenants entre le traitement électrochimique et l'étape de séparation : application à l'industrie textile et papetière." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0097/document.

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L'électrocoagulation permet d'éliminer simultanément un large spectre de polluants organiques et minéraux, de colorants et de métaux lourds ; de ce fait, il a été beaucoup étudié. En revanche, peu de travaux ont été entrepris pour étudier de façon plus approfondie son fonctionnement. La complexité des effluents pour laquelle il est particulièrement intéressant d'utiliser ce procédé, fait aussi qu'il est difficile d'analyser les résultats. Cette thèse a pour objectif d'apporter une contribution à la compréhension du couplage électrocoagulation - décantation et des interactions liés à des efflue

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40

Wilson, Christiaan Georg Frederick. "Best management practices to attain zero effluent discharge in South African industries / C.G.F. Wilson." Thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/2648.

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Wastewater treatment is traditionally considered a separate part of an industrial activity, hardly connected to the production units themselves. It is nowadays essential to ensure that the quality of water is not degraded and that water that has been polluted is purified to acceptable levels, especially in a country with scarce water resources such as South Africa. Where water quality is concerned, Zero Effluent Discharge (ZED) is the ultimate goal, in order to avoid any releases of contaminants to the water environment. The push towards ZED in South Africa is also promoted further by the Sout

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41

Bragg, Amanda Leann. "Phosphorus reduction in dairy effluent through flocculation and precipitation." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1646.

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Phosphorus (P) is a pollutant in freshwater systems because it promotes eutrophication. The dairies in the North Bosque and its water body segments import more P than they export. Dairies accumulate P-rich effluent in lagoons and use the wastewater for irrigation. As more P is applied as irrigation than is removed by crops, P accumulates in the soil. During intense rainfall events, P enters the river with stormwater runoff and can become bio-available. Reducing the P applied to the land would limit P build up in the soil and reduce the potential for P pollution. Since wastewater P is ass

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42

Zapf-Gilje, Reidar. "Treatment and disposal of secondary sewage effluent through snowmaking." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26034.

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When secondary sewage effluent is converted to snow, the nutrients and residual organics become concentrated in the early meltwater discharge through melt-freeze processes within the snow-pack. The early season melt comes off relatively slowly. Providing the soil can absorb the early melt, the bulk of the nutrients will be removed even if later season melt rates exceeds the soil's infil-trability. This could provide an inexpensive method for nutrient removal from secondary sewage effluents. Laboratory experiments showed that the degree of impurity concentration was largely independent of the

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43

Marquet, Richard. "Low-rate trickling filter effluent : characterisation and crossflow filtration." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1999. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/27897.

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The low-rate trickling filter is the most common biological treatment process used in small and medium sized sewage works in the UK. It produces an inconsistent effluent quality, which has traditionally been related to seasonal changes in solids accumulation, grazing activity and sloughing of microbial film. The final effluent solids and, organic matter content is then too high for discharge or reuse. Given the increasingly stringent effluent standards, both in terms of quality and consistency, tertiary treatment is often required. This study was designed to investigate the key parameters affe

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44

Frieberg, Kim. "Effects of effluent wastewater in developing zebrafish (Danio rerio)." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-348556.

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Traditional wastewater treatment is known not to be specifically designed to eliminate the new generation of chemical residues that ends up in the sewage system. Polluted wastewatereffluent therefore reaches the aquatic environment possibly causing adverse effects in aquatic wildlife. The effects of effluent water from five Swedish sewage treatment plants sampled on 6 occasions 2017, were studied in developing zebrafish (Danio rerio). The study included morphological, physiological and behavioural endpoints. Overall there were few effectswhere deviations from control animals could be seen in t

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45

KARNIK, POONAM PRAFULL. "USE OF CATIONIZED COTTON FOR TEXTILE EFFLUENT COLOR REDUCTION." NCSU, 2002. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-20020301-132054.

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<p> ABSTRACTKARNIK, POONAM. Use of Cationized Cotton for Textile Effluent Color Reduction.(Under the direction of Dr. Brent Smith and Dr. Peter Hauser) The liquid effluents from the textile industry mainly consist waters colored by thedyes used in the coloring of textile yarns and fabrics. These dyes can be removed by adsorption onto adsorbing materials like cotton. Waste cotton fibers can be cationized using a quaternary ammonium compound like 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride to their cationic form. This cationic form can be used as the adsorption medium for anionic dyes lik

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46

Vajda, Alan Milan. "Reproductive disruption of fishes by endocrine-active wastewater effluent." Diss., Connect to online resource, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3207688.

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47

Paraskeva, Panagiota. "The treatment of a secondary municipal effluent by ozone." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298426.

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48

Alcalá, Borao Raquel. "Oxidation of pharmaceuticals by chlorine dioxide in wastewater effluent." Thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-171862.

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The presence of pharmaceuticals in the environment has raised an emerging interest due to the fact that they pose negative environmental impact and health hazards related to long-term toxicity effects. As conventional treatments are not able to totally remove these substances it is necessary to seek for alternative advanced technologies such as oxidation with chlorine dioxide (ClO2). The objective of this master thesis is thus to find the most optimal dose – reaction time of ClO2 for the oxidation and maximum removal of selected environmentally relevant pharmaceuticals. Factorial design and su

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49

Visser, Hendrik Petrus. "Biodiesel production from a butter factory effluent / H.P. Visser." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9250.

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The production of biodiesel from a butter factory effluent was the main focus of the study. The alkali transesterification reaction was used to produce the biodiesel. The effect of the temperature, alcohol to oil molar ratio, catalyst concentration and the reaction time was investigated to determine the optimal reaction conditions. The reaction temperature varied from 45 °C to 65 °C with a 5 °C increment. The alcohol to oil molar ratio varied from 3:1 to 8:1 with an increment of 1:1. The experiments with varying catalyst load were carried out at 0.8 wt%, 1.0 wt% and 1.2wt%. The reaction time w

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Newby, Philip Simon. "Biodegradation of recalcitrant organic chemicals in a coloured effluent." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.392573.

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