Journal articles: 'Efik'

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Mensah, Eyo Offiong, and Rosemary Arikpo Eni. "What’s in the Stomach is Used to Carry What’s on the Head: An Ethnographic Exploration of Food Metaphors in Efik Proverbs." Journal of Black Studies 50, no. 2 (February 7, 2019): 178–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021934719826104.

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Food and foodways are essential components of the Efik biocultural system, as the Efik people of Southern Cross River State, Southeastern Nigeria, are famous for their rich dietary history and cuisine tradition. Food and foodways are, therefore, quintessential aspects of the Efik cultural history and social structure, which are intergenerational. This article explores the use of food symbolisms (embedded in rich metaphors) in Efik proverbs, which are perceptual frameworks or conceptual grids that highlight fundamental cultural values and mores as well as reinforce and instill acceptable social behavior. The study is rooted in the Afrocentric paradigm, which re-asserts the interpretation of Efik proverbs based on African values, perspectives, and narratives, and adds relevant ontological and epistemological analytic dimensions in operationalizing the collective and contextual understanding of Efik (African) proverbs. In this context, the Efik view the world through the lens of food, exploring the role of food and eating correlates as means of addressing their society’s psychodynamic challenges, which paradoxically are not about food.

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Mensah, Eyo Offiong. "ON EFIK PREFIXING MORPHOLOGY." Buckingham Journal of Language and Linguistics 3 (September 16, 2010): 187–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/bjll.v3i0.31.

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Prefixation is a grammatical devise that involves the attachment of a bound morpheme to the left of a root element or stem. It functions to signal certain grammatical relationships involving categories like tense, negation, person, number, and aspect. It can also trigger off the creation of new words from existing ones. The focus of this paper is to analyse the forms and structure of Efik prefixes in relation to the different phonological and morphosyntactic operations they can signal in the language. The paper also examines the various word formation strategies involving prefixation in the language. The basic assumption, however, is that the structure of Efik prefixes vary according to agreement, and is determined by the principle of vowel harmony. The study discovers that Efik prefixes have systematic and rule-governed structures and that certain conditions, such as the phonology of the stem, the stem’s lexical category and the semantic value of prefixes stipulate their position. We wish to interpret the following abbreviations in order to facilitate our analyses: Adv(erb), Asp(ect), Aux(illiary), Conj(unction), Fut(ure tense), Mod(ality), Neg(ation), N(oun), NP (Noun Phrase), Pres(ent tense), PT(Past tense), Pro(noun), Pfx (Prefix) SC (Subject Concord), Spec(ifier), Tn (tense) and V(erb).

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Susan Ita Ukpabio, Escor Effiong Udosen, Ekpoanwan Alfred Bassey, and Maryjane Ogechi Ejiako. "Word compounding as a morphological process in Efik language." Open Access Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 6, no. 2 (December 30, 2023): 028–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.53022/oarjms.2023.6.2.0042.

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This study was carried out to examine Word Compounding as a morphological process in Efik Language. Compounding is a word formation process based on the combination of lexical elements. Words can be considered as a complex part in language since it has many different forms. Compound words are words formed through one of the word formation processes by combining one lexical item with another and thus produces a new word with a new meaning. This research work investigates to know how compound words are formed in Efik language. This work describes the forms of compound words, the meaning of words in their individual lexical categories as well as the meaning of words in their compounded state. It was discovered that some compound words in Efik could be literally realized or figuratively realized when undergoing the word formation process of compounding. It was also discovered that lexical categories resulting from the process of compounding are noun compound, verb compound, adjective compound and reduplication in the case of adverb. Most of the times, coined Efik counterparts of words are formed mostly by compounding and analogy. The use of English equivalents for compound words by the Efik-English bilinguals in their code-mixing utterance counts as an appropriate statement or reply. Sometimes, just as word compounding is in English, so it is Efik

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Mensah, Eyo O., and Vivian Afi Dzokoto. "Melting intestines, red hearts, and scattering eyes: exploring embodiment in the Efik feeling lexica." Journal of African Languages and Linguistics 44, no. 1 (May 1, 2023): 49–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jall-2023-2007.

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Abstract Languages feature labels used to name various feeling states, referred to as emotion lexica. Language-specific linguistic features patterned after culturally-shaped templates such as somatic referencing, make each emotion lexicon unique. This study investigates somatic referencing in the emotion lexicon of the Efik ethnolinguistic group obtained through ethnographic linguistic fieldwork in South-eastern Nigeria. Our analysis revealed that in the Efik language, nearly fifty body-centered lexemes serve as the primary labels for a variety of feeling states. The identified emotion terms incorporated specific body parts, various parts of the face, as well as the generalized body. In each instance, the body referent constituted part of the internal structure of the feeling label. Our findings complement existing emotion research examining the cultural scripting of emotion experiences as well as their expression and communication.

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Onyile, Onyile Bassey. "Embodied Morality: Ekpri Àkàtà Masquerade of Efik Society, Nigeria." African Arts 54, no. 4 (2021): 64–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/afar_a_00613.

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Onyile, Onyile Bassey. "Okpo Ekak: Paradox of Passion and Individuality among the Efik." African Arts 49, no. 3 (September 2016): 48–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/afar_a_00299.

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Eyo O. Mensah. "Code-switching Patterns of Educated and Non-educated Efik-English Bilinguals: A Descriptive Study." Journal of Cognitive Science 20, no. 3 (September 2019): 401–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17791/jcs.2019.20.3.401.

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Onyile, Onyile Bassey, and Christopher Slogar. "Nobody Can Harm You, Nobody Can Charm You: Efik Nnabo Society Masquerades of Calabar, Nigeria." African Arts 49, no. 1 (March 2016): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/afar_a_00271.

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Jeremiah, Z. Awortu, and Chris Odumody. "Rh antigens and phenotype frequencies of the Ibibio, Efik, and Ibo ethnic nationalities in Calabar, Nigeria." Immunohematology 21, no. 1 (2020): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21307/immunohematology-2019-388.

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Esomonu, UgochukwuGodfrey, Rademene Sunday, JoachimI Biose, and EM Nandi. "Nasal anthropometry of children and young adults of the Efik ethnic group of Cross River State, Nigeria." Annals of Bioanthropology 3, no. 2 (2015): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2315-7992.173991.

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Inyang, U. E. "Nutrient Content of Four Lesser – Known Green Leafy Vegetables Consumed by Efik and Ibibio People in Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 24, no. 1 (August 23, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njbas.v24i1.1.

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Eboh, D. E. O. "Determination of stature from combined maxillary anterior teeth and head dimensions among the Efik and Ibibio of South-South Nigeria." Annals of Bioanthropology 4, no. 1 (2016): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2315-7992.190459.

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Umoh, Nsikak Michael, Kelechi Chinkata Uruakpa, Eru Eru Mba, Michael Effiong Oku, Theresa Isamoh, Nnenna Williams, Eric Agim Agaba, Samson Omini Paulinus, John Emah, and Gabriel Udo-Affah. "Evaluation of Ear and Facial Indices of Ibibio and Efik Female Children of Akwa Ibom and Cross River States, Nigeria." Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 12, no. 07 (2024): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jbm.2024.127001.

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M.M., Okon, and P. Noah. "Cultural Dominance and Language Endangerment: The case of Efut in Cross River State, Nigeria." Macrolinguistics 9, no. 14 (June 30, 2021): 134–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.26478/ja2021.9.14.8.

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The Efut culture, and by extension language, seems to have been mortally threatened after their speakers’ migration to Nigeria from Cameroun in the 16th Century. The linguistic situation resulting in language shift was especially exacerbated in the last seven decades, largely due to the dominant cultural influence of Efik, Ibibio and English. The most ostensive vestige of the language manifests in the Ekpe ‘Leopard’ secret society songs, rituals and proverbs (performed by, and intelligible mostly to octogenarians). The Efut language sociolinguistic status is between post moribund and dead stage(s). This paper attempts, therefore, to x-ray ways to revitalize and revive it. Two such revival strategies are the use of digital communication technology and Efut in Nollywood movies. Data for this work came mainly from songs, proverbs, interviews, wordlist and available historical literature. The prognosis for reviving Efut appears realistically poor, at present. However, with appropriate input and pragmatic will from all stakeholders, it would be hasty, uncharitable, to consign the language to irreversible extinction. This optimism is sustainable only if language engineers, policymakers and the Efut nation do not continue to sit on the fence.

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Storto, Luciana, and Didier Demolin. "The Phonetics and Phonology of Unreleased Stops in Karitiana." Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 28, no. 1 (August 14, 2002): 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/bls.v28i1.3860.

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Karitiana, an endangered language from the Tupi stock, Arikem family, spoken in the state of Rondonia in Brazil, exhibits a number of interesting phenomena concerning stop consonants at the end of words. In particular, voiceless stops are always unreleased word-finally. This phenomenon has been observed as a occasional variant of stops in English (Laver 1994, Ladefoged & Maddieson 1996) and in a number of other languages such as Bamileke (Westermann & Ward 1952) and Efik (Cook 1969), and is systematic in Karitiana. Unreleased final stops are also common in Tupi languages and have been described by several researchers (e.g. Moore 1984; Galucio 1994, 1996; Gabas Jr. 1998, 1999; Picanço 1999; Storto 1999; Rose 2000). Such facts have rarely been described in a detailed manner. This paper describes some phonetic and phonological aspects of the nature of these sounds when they appear word finally. More specifically, three points will be examined: (i) voiceless stop consonants (there are no phonemic voiced consonants in Karitiana); (ii) nasal consonants, which have been described as unreleased word finally by Storto (1999), and (iii) the phonological behavior of these consonants in context.

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Rusmana, Tatang. "DRAMA MUSIKAL: PETER AND THE WOL Karya Sergie Prokofiev,Op.67, Sebagai Bentuk Orchestrasi Dongeng." GETER : Jurnal Seni Drama, Tari dan Musik 5, no. 2 (October 31, 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/geter.v5n2.p1-17.

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Peter And The Wolf (A Symphonic tale for Children) karya Sergei Prokofiev, Op. 67, ditulis Prokofiev tahun 1936. Pertunjukan dongeng ini mirip drama monolog. Jarang ditemukan pertunjukan dongeng atau drama monolog yang dikompos bersama musik secara ansamble. Narator bercerita kisah anak-anak, sedangkan orchestra mengilustrasikannya menggunakan instrumen berbeda untuk memainkan "tema" mewakili setiap karakter. Karya Prokofiev ini, salah satu karya yang sering ditampilkan di seluruh repertoar klasik. Alur cerita semacam biografi Prokofiev, gambaran orang Rusia yang tinggal di kawasan hutan. Dalam pandangan kosmik mereka, tema “Peter menangkap Srigala” memiliki makna “kemenangan manusia menjinakan Alam”. Selain pesan-pesan kebaikan tentang kewaspadaan, keberanian, akal, juga gambaran generasi tua Soviet yang keras kepala (kakek) dan pesan kemenangan Manusia (Peter) dalam menjinakkan Alam (Srigala). Peter and The Wolf ditulis dengan partitur yang bagus. Hal yang menarik, ditulis berbetuk symphoni orchestra disamping memiliki alur cerita efik dalam spektakle cerita kepahlawanan. Teori yang digunakan dari proses analisa hingga pertunjukan yakni (deep structures) Richard Schechner dalam tiga tahapan kerja, yaitu: 1). Preparation, 2). Performances, 3). Aftermath. Tujuan penelitian dan pertunjukan, guna menemukan kongkritisasi resepsi dan kongkritisasi dramaturgi. Ketika dilakukan transformasi pertunjukan pada presentasi berbahasa Indonesia, diharapkan mampu memberi kebaruan semiotik terhadap budaya target untuk ekplanasi perkembangan drama musikal Indonesia.

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Rademene, SOria, OIgiri Anozeng, OAbang Mathias, and ENandi Michael. "Regression equations for estimating stature from anthropometric measurements of foot length and breadth in adults of efik ethnic group in cross river state." Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy 16, no. 2 (2017): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jeca.jeca_30_17.

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Igwedibia, Adaoma, Greg Ekeh, and Chinyere Esimone. "IPOB sit at home order in South Eastern Nigeria: Its perlocutionary effect for peacebuilding and sustainability." UJAH: Unizik Journal of Arts and Humanities 25, no. 1 (June 21, 2024): 51–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ujah.v25i1.3.

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Biafra has been a crying nation since 1967. Researchers have done a lot of studies on the evils and neglect done to the people of Biafra. Biafra had previously existed as an Independent Multi-ethnic Republic consisting of the Igbo, Ijaw, Efik and Ibibio people and was declared by Lieutenant Colonel Odumegwu Ojukwu for three years, 1967 through 1970. Since the creation of Biafra, the government of Nigeria has never been at peace with Biafran ideology. This has resulted to war, conflict, marginalization and negligence. Many protest groups from the South-East have emerged to defend the faith of the Biafrans in all of these. IPOB being one of these groups has indulged in peaceful protest to reclaim the Biafrans’ positions in Nigeria. Sit-at-home order is one of their strategies to state their plights. People of South East have been reacting to this order differently. The order has positive and negative effect on the masses. But the IPOB believes that adherence to this order will help in bringing and sustaining peace among the Nigerian Nation either by Biafran sessession or by giving Ndigbo the sense of belonging in Nigeria. This research intends to study IPOB Sit-At-Home Order in South Eastern Nigeria: Its Perlocutionary effect for Peacebuilding and Sustainability within the ambit of Austin’s Speech Act in Pragmatics.

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Ugo, Yenimikikuro. "Historical Perspectives of the Roles of Kolokuma/Opokuma People in the Development of the Niger Delta." Tropical Journal of Arts and Humanities 6, no. 1 (2024): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.47524/tjah.v6i1.

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The political Niger Delta comprises of nine (9) states namely; Abia, Akwa-lbom, Bayelsa, Cross Rivers, Delta, Edo, Imo, Ondo, and Rivers. Some Indigenous groups in the region are; Izon (Ijaw), Ikwerre, Ogoni, Ogba, Abua, Odual, Andoni, Itsekiri, Urhobo, Isoko, Ukwani. Others include Epie-Atissa, Engenni, Degema, Edo, Ekpeye, Oron, Efik, Ibibio and others. Due to the dominant riverine environment of the area, the major traditional occupation of the people was fishing. Other economic practices of the people were farming, hunting and gathering, craft making and trading. The occupations served as means of livelihood of the people and development of the area. Development of the area was achieved through individual contributions, clan efforts and multi-ethnic co-operations. There are several studies on development of the region. However, studies on the roles of clans in the development of the region are few. Hence, this study helped to fill the existing gap. The study helps to preserve the history of roles of Kolokuma/Opokuma people in the development of the region. It would be a useful source of reference for future researchers on developmental studies of the region. The study made use of oral tradition and oral history. They were derived through Interviews with people in all Kolokuma/Opokuma Towns. Books, journals, newspapers and other secondary sources in library and internet were utilized. Data derived from the sources were analysed. The research findings showed that Kolokuma/Opokuma clans have contributed to the development of the Niger Delta in many ways.

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Nwauwa, A. O. "Integrating Arochukwu into the Regional Chronological Structure." History in Africa 18 (1991): 297–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3172068.

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The Niger-Benue Valley regional chronology is expanding. This is satisfying. Dates from the early city states and chiefdoms in the lower Cross river valley have been suggested and integrated into the larger regional chronological structure. Arochukwu was one such chiefdom. Utilizing the available genealogies from within Arochukwu and its satellite settlements, and guided by the existing methodology of chronology, I have calculated what I believe to be fairly reliable dates which locate the foundation of the chiefdom, ca. 1690/1720. These dates have been interrelated with the importation of the first guns into Calabar, since firearms were said to have been used in the war which ultimately resulted in the foundation of the Aro chiefdom (Arochukwu). They appear firm. Aro influence was evident in the whole of the Niger Benue-Cross river area, especially during the period when the Atlantic slave trade climaxed. Hence it seems appropriate to situate the foundation generation in the wider framework.Arochukwu was not merely the product of the Atlantic trade, but also a response to events in the interior of the Bight of Biafra as far north as the Benue valley. The chiefdom was an offshoot of the Igbo movement into the tropical rain forest, accelerated by the southward expansion of ironsmelting and smithing, and correlated with the foundation of the Efik towns of Calabar. It was founded as a response to the shift in power centers from the upper Benue valley, which had been linked to the Rio del Rey trade route, down the river to concentrate on the Niger. It was significant that the Kwararafan takeover in Idah occurred in exactly the same generation when Arochukwu was founded.

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Obi, Juliet O., Anthony C. Ikeme, Patrick E. Nwakama, and Ashiwel S. Undieh. "The Calabar bean and physostigmine: from African ethno-jurisprudence to medicinal discovery and modern pharmacotherapeutics." American Journal of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 2 (February 28, 2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/ajpps_2023_001.

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Physostigmine, or eserine, is an alkaloid found in the Calabar bean (eséré), Physostigma venenosum (Balfour). The scientific discovery of physostigmine played a pivotal role in our understanding of chemical neurotransmission and the emergence of pharmacology as a science. The Efik people of Old Calabar, in present day Cross River State of Nigeria, used the bean as an ordeal poison to determine if persons accused of certain allegations such as witchcraft were guilty or innocent. Scottish missionaries working in Old Calabar witnessed eséré ordeal trials and attended to patients inadvertently poisoned by the plant. Perplexed by the ordeal trials and concerned for their patients, the missionaries sent reports of their observations and samples of the beans to scientists back in Britain for study. Evaluations of the plant material for its chemical constituents and biological activity led to the discovery of its active principle, physostigmine. Further explorations with physostigmine led to the discovery of acetylcholine and chemical neurotransmission, and the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1936. From a classic practice of ethno-jurisprudence, the world came to understand the chemical basis of synaptic transmission, and the nature of substrate-enzyme and ligand-receptor interactions as underlying principles in biochemistry and pharmacology. Numerous medicines including physostigmine have been developed based on these principles and are being used in current pharmacotherapy. The rich history of eséré plant and its physostigmine alkaloid anchors a compelling story of the role natural products have played in the discovery of modern therapeutic agents. Moreover, the story highlights the reality that probably many more medicinal plants in Africa remain to be explored for their chemical constituents as potential leads in breakthrough drug discovery.

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Sealey, L., and R. Chalkley. "At least two nuclear proteins bind specifically to the Rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat enhancer." Molecular and Cellular Biology 7, no. 2 (February 1987): 787–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.7.2.787-798.1987.

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We used the sensitive gel electrophoresis DNA-binding assay and DNase I footprinting to detect at least two protein factors (EFI and EFII) that bound specifically to the Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) enhancer in vitro. These factors were differentially extracted from quail cell nuclei, recognized different nucleotide sequences in the U3 region of the RSV long terminal repeat, and appeared to bind preferentially to opposite DNA strands as monitored by the DNase I protection assay. The EFI- and EFII-protected regions within U3 corresponded closely to sequences previously demonstrated by deletion mutagenesis to be required for enhancer activity, strongly suggesting a functional significance for these proteins. Only weak homologies between other enhancer consensus sequence motifs and the EFI and EFII recognition sites were observed, and other viral enhancers from simian virus 40 and Moloney murine sarcoma virus did not compete effectively with the RSV enhancer for binding either factor.

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Sealey, L., and R. Chalkley. "At least two nuclear proteins bind specifically to the Rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat enhancer." Molecular and Cellular Biology 7, no. 2 (February 1987): 787–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.7.2.787.

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We used the sensitive gel electrophoresis DNA-binding assay and DNase I footprinting to detect at least two protein factors (EFI and EFII) that bound specifically to the Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) enhancer in vitro. These factors were differentially extracted from quail cell nuclei, recognized different nucleotide sequences in the U3 region of the RSV long terminal repeat, and appeared to bind preferentially to opposite DNA strands as monitored by the DNase I protection assay. The EFI- and EFII-protected regions within U3 corresponded closely to sequences previously demonstrated by deletion mutagenesis to be required for enhancer activity, strongly suggesting a functional significance for these proteins. Only weak homologies between other enhancer consensus sequence motifs and the EFI and EFII recognition sites were observed, and other viral enhancers from simian virus 40 and Moloney murine sarcoma virus did not compete effectively with the RSV enhancer for binding either factor.

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Mittal, S., F. John, A. Naveh, Z. Bomzon, G. R. Barger, and C. Juhasz. "P14.69 Evaluation of electric field intensity delivered by Tumor-Treating Fields therapy to PET-defined metabolic volumes in recurrent glioblastomas." Neuro-Oncology 21, Supplement_3 (August 2019): iii83—iii84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noz126.304.

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Abstract BACKGROUND Tumor-Treating Fields (TTFields) therapy is a clinical treatment option for patients with newly-diagnosed and recurrent glioblastomas. Electric field intensities (EFIs) delivered to the tumor mass may affect treatment responses. In this study, we used the patients’ neuroimaging data to create realistic head models and evaluate: (i) the magnitude of EFIs delivered to the tumor mass; (ii) factors affecting the EFI values; and (iii) factors affecting treatment responses as assessed by amino acid PET. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fourteen recurrent glioblastomas in 9 patients were evaluated with α-[11C]-methyl-L-tryptophan (AMT)-PET before and up to 3 months after TTFields therapy (mean follow-up: 2.3 months). Individual MRI and CT scans were used to create patient-specific realistic head models and simulate TTFields delivery to the tumors. For each direction of treatment (antero-posterior, left-right), two 9-disk transducer arrays were simulated using disks placed according to the patients’ NovoTAL System™ based treatment plan. To generate TTFields, an alternating voltage difference (200V peak-to-peak, 200 kHz) was imposed on the outer surfaces of the disks. The simulations were performed using the Sim4Life V3.0 (ZMT-Zurich) quasi-electrostatic solver. The field intensities were normalized to simulate 2A peak-to-peak current supplied by the device. 3D EFI maps were created and fused with the pre- and post-TTFields PET images to measure EFIs delivered to the PET-defined metabolic tumor volume. Interval changes of static AMT uptake and kinetic PET variables were also evaluated. RESULTS The mean EFI delivered to the tumors varied between 1.34–2.43 V/cm (mean: 1.86 V/cm). Fronto-parietal tumors received higher mean EFI than temporal lobe tumors (p=0.05). Most tumors showed decreasing (n=9) or stable (n=4) AMT uptake on follow-up PET imaging after TTFields therapy. Higher EFIs delivered to the tumors (r=-0.56, p=0.04) and concomitant bevacizumab treatment (n=7, p=0.01) were associated with a greater PET response. On tracer kinetic analysis, the AMT uptake responses correlated with transport rate changes (p=0.04). CONCLUSION TTFields treatment of recurrent glioblastomas delivers variable EFIs to the metabolic tumor volume. Treatment responses on PET are driven by decreased amino acid transport rates, whose magnitude is associated with higher EFIs delivered to the tumor mass and also with concomitant antiangiogenic treatment in those with combined therapy. (The cost of the PET scans was supported by a grant from NovoCure Ltd., Haifa, Israel)

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Sanjaya, Firman Lukman, Syarifudin Syarifudin, and Faqih Fatkhurrozak. "Efek Penambahan Butanol Terhadap Emisi dan Temperatur Gas Buang Mesin Bensin EFI Menggunakan EGR." Infotekmesin 13, no. 1 (January 22, 2022): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.35970/infotekmesin.v13i1.677.

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Adi Saputra, Riko, Didi Nuryadin, and Asih Sri Winarti. "PENGARUH TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI DAN KOMUNIKASI (TIK) DAN KEBEBASAN EKONOMI TERHADAP PEMBANGUNAN MANUSIA DI KAWASAN NEGARA ASEAN TAHUN 2014-2019." SIBATIK JOURNAL: Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Sosial, Ekonomi, Budaya, Teknologi, dan Pendidikan 1, no. 10 (September 2, 2022): 2107–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.54443/sibatik.v1i10.308.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis klasifikasi IPM, TIK dan EFI dengan tipologi klassen di kawasan negara ASEAN pada 2014-2019 dan pengaruh teknologi informasi dan komunikasi (TIK) serta kebebasan ekonomi terhadap pembangunan manusia di kawasan negara ASEAN pada 2014-2019. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data gabungan data deret waktu gabungan data panel dari tahun 2014 – 2019 dan data cross section di 10 negara ASEAN. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi memiliki efek positif dan signifikan terhadap Pembangunan Manusia di Kawasan Negara ASEAN pada tahun 2014-2019, Kebebasan Ekonomi memiliki efek positif dan signifikan terhadap Pembangunan Manusia di Kawasan Negara ASEAN pada tahun 2014-2019.

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Hidayati, Hanik Badriyah. "ANTI ATHEROSCLEROTIC EFFECT OF ADIPONECTIN." MNJ (Malang Neurology Journal) 1, no. 2 (July 1, 2015): 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.mnj.2015.001.02.6.

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Xue, Pengfei, Heng Hu, Tao Wang, Peng Xiong, Mingyu Li, and Qingxuan Zeng. "A Micro Bridge-Wing-Thickened Low-Energy Exploding Foil Initiator Chip." Micromachines 15, no. 5 (April 28, 2024): 589. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi15050589.

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To enhance the energy efficiency of exploding foil initiator systems (EFIs) and mitigate energy loss due to ablation in the bridge-wing regions, a low-energy bridge-wing-thickened EFI chip was designed and fabricated. Computational analysis revealed that increasing the thickness of the bridge flanks significantly reduces ablation within the bridge region during the electrical explosion. The refinement of the design led to the adoption of a bridge flank thickness of 19 μm, with the bridge area dimensions specified as 0.25 mm × 0.25 mm × 4 μm. This bridge-wing-thickened EFI chip was produced by employing micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology and underwent rigorous performance evaluations. The empirical results closely matched the computational predictions, thereby corroborating the precision of the proposed model in simulating the temperature distribution seen during the explosion process. Notably, this enhanced EFI design achieves a flyer velocity of 3800 m/s at a condition of 900 V/0.22 μF, signifying a significant advancement in EFI system efficiency and performance.

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Budi, Sigit Setijo, Firman Lukman Sanjaya, Faqih Fatkhurrozak, Syarifudin -, and Agus Hut Riyono. "EFEK BLENDING BAHAN BAKAR TERBARUKAN BUTANOL 5% PADA PERTAMAX TERHADAP PERFORMA MESIN BENSIN EFI 150 CC." Power Elektronik : Jurnal Orang Elektro 13, no. 1 (January 23, 2024): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.30591/polektro.v13i1.6590.

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Butanol is an alternative energy that is being developed to overcome the energy crisis. This is because butanol has a high Octane number and oxygen content so it can optimize engine performance. This research was carried out to determine the impact of adding butanol to Pertamax on gasoline engine performance. The engine used is a 150 cc EFI petrol engine. The fuel uses Pertamax with butanol additive. Testing uses speed variations of 1000 – 3000 rpm. Test results: The performance of the 150 cc EFI petrol engine using the Pertamax-butanol mixture (P95B5) has increased compared to using pure Pertamax fuel (P100). This can be seen from the increase in torque and power with Pertamax-butanol fuel (P95B5) of 3.57 N.m and 1.12 kW, the highest increase at rpm 3000. Engine fuel consumption decreased when butanol was added compared to pure Pertamax (P100). The lowest fuel consumption occurred with Pertamax-butanol (P95B5) fuel at 0.21 ml/s when the engine speed was 100 rpm. Meanwhile, the highest fuel consumption occurred in Pertamax fuel (P100) at 0.62 ml/s when the engine speed was 3000 rpm

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Gulliver, Amelia, Alison L. Calear, Matthew Sunderland, Frances Kay-Lambkin, Louise M. Farrer, Michelle Banfield, and Philip J. Batterham. "Consumer-Guided Development of an Engagement-Facilitation Intervention for Increasing Uptake and Adherence for Self-Guided Web-Based Mental Health Programs: Focus Groups and Online Evaluation Survey." JMIR Formative Research 4, no. 10 (October 29, 2020): e22528. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/22528.

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Background Self-guided web-based mental health programs are effective in treating and preventing mental health problems. However, current engagement with these programs in the community is suboptimal, and there is limited evidence indicating how to increase the use of existing evidence-based programs. Objective This study aims to investigate the views of people with lived experience of depression and anxiety on factors influencing their engagement with self-guided web-based mental health (e–mental health) programs and to use these perspectives to develop an engagement-facilitation intervention (EFI) to increase engagement (defined as both uptake and adherence) with these programs. Methods A total of 24 community members (female=21; male=3) with lived experience of depression and anxiety or depression or anxiety alone participated in 1 of 4 focus groups discussing the factors influencing their engagement with self-guided e–mental health programs and the appearance, delivery mode, and functionality of content for the proposed EFI. A subsequent evaluation survey of the focus group participants (n=14) was conducted to evaluate the resultant draft EFI. Data were thematically analyzed using both inductive and deductive qualitative methods. Results Participants suggested that the critical component of an EFI was information that would challenge personal barriers to engagement, including receiving personalized symptom feedback, information regarding the program’s content or effectiveness and data security, and normalization of using e–mental health programs (eg, testimonials). Reminders, rewards, feedback about progress, and coaching were all mentioned as facilitating adherence. Conclusions EFIs have the potential to improve community uptake of e–mental health programs. They should focus on providing information on the content and effectiveness of e–mental health programs and normalizing their use. Given that the sample comprised predominantly young females, this study may not be generalizable to other population groups. There is a strong value in involving people with a lived experience in the design and development of EFIs to maximize their effectiveness.

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Tsonevsky, Ivan, Charles A. Doswell, and Harold E. Brooks. "Early Warnings of Severe Convection Using the ECMWF Extreme Forecast Index." Weather and Forecasting 33, no. 3 (June 1, 2018): 857–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-18-0030.1.

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Abstract ECMWF provides the ensemble-based extreme forecast index (EFI) and shift of tails (SOT) products to facilitate forecasting severe weather in the medium range. Exploiting the ingredients-based method of forecasting deep moist convection, two parameters, convective available potential energy (CAPE) and a composite CAPE–shear parameter, have been recently added to the EFI/SOT, targeting severe convective weather. Verification results based on the area under the relative operating characteristic curve (ROCA) show high skill of both EFIs at discriminating between severe and nonsevere convection in the medium range over Europe and the United States. In the first 7 days of the forecast ROCA values show significant skill, staying well above the no-skill threshold of 0.5. Two case studies are presented to give some practical considerations and discuss certain limitations of the EFI/SOT forecasts and how they could be overcome. In particular, both convective EFI/SOT products are good at providing guidance for where and when severe convection is possible if there is sufficient lift for convective initiation. Probability of precipitation is suggested as a suitable ensemble product for assessing whether convection is likely to be initiated. The model climate should also be considered when determining whether severe convection is possible; EFI and SOT values are related to the climatological frequency of occurrence of deep, moist convection over a given place and time of year.

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Yi, Ting Hua, Xiang Wang, and Hong Nan Li. "Optimal Placement of Triaxial Accelerometers Using Modal Kinetic Energy Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 166-169 (May 2012): 1583–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.166-169.1583.

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Modal kinetic energy (MKE) method gives a measure of the dynamic contribution of each finite element model physical degree of freedom to each of the target mode shapes, and provides a rough idea where the maximum responses could be measured. It could help to select those sensor positions with possible large amplitudes, and to increase the signal to noise ratio, which is critical in harsh and noisy circumstances. Kammar proposed a new optimal placement method of triaxial accelerometers based up on the effective independence algorithm (EfI3), which places triaxial accelerometers as single units in an optimal fashion. On the basis of EfI3, this paper fully considers the mutual influence of three directions and makes some improvements for the traditional MKE method. A novel optimal placement method of triaxial accelerometers called MKE3 is proposed which is proved rational and effective by analysis the relationship between the EfI algorithm and MKE method.

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Wu, Decun, and Jinping Liu. "Spatial and Temporal Evaluation of Ecological Footprint Intensity of Jiangsu Province at the County-Level Scale." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 21 (October 26, 2020): 7833. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217833.

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Due to the high ecological pressure that exists in the process of rapid economic development in Jiangsu Province, it is necessary to evaluate its ecological footprint intensity (EFI). This article focuses on ecological footprint intensity analysis at the county scale. We used county-level data to evaluate the spatial distributions and temporal trends of the ecological footprint intensity in Jiangsu’s counties from 1995 to 2015. The temporal trends of counties are divided into five types: linear declining type, N-shape type, inverted-N type, U-shape type and inverted-U shape type. It was discovered that the proportions of the carbon footprint intensity were maintained or increased in most counties. Exploratory spatial data analysis shows that there was a certain regularity of the EFI spatial distributions, i.e., a gradient decrease from north to south, and there was a decline in the spatial heterogeneity of EFI in Jiangsu’s counties over time. The global Moran’s index (Moran’s I) and local spatial association index (LISA) are used to analyze both the global and local spatial correlation of EFIs among counties of Jiangsu Province. The high-high and low-low agglomeration effects were the most common, and there were assimilation impacts of counties with strong agglomeration on adjacent units over time. The results implied the utility of differentiated EFI reduction control measures and promotion of low-low agglomeration and suppression of high-high agglomeration in EFI-related ecology policy.

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Ulfarizty, Zahra Putri, and Siti Komariah. "Januari efek di Bursa Efek Indonesia, Bursa Efek Amerika, Bursa Efek Jerman, dan Bursa Efek Jepang sebelum, sesaat dan sesudah pandemi Covid-19." Fair Value: Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi dan Keuangan 5, no. 4 (November 25, 2022): 1819–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.32670/fairvalue.v5i4.2617.

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Many factors can affect the movement of stock prices in the capital market. Investors can use these factors as a reference in making investment decisions. One of them is the Market Anomaly. Based on the existing anomalies, the seasonal anomaly is the most frequently studied anomaly seen from its effect on company stock returns. One of the categories of seasonal anomaly is the January Effect. This study aims to find out how the January effect phenomenon is on the Indonesian, American, German, and Japanese Stock Exchanges for the period 2019 - 2021. In addition to knowing whether there are differences in stock returns between January and other months, and to find out whether there are differences in stock returns on the stock exchange effects of Indonesia, America, Germany, and Japan during the study period. The data used is the weekly primary stock price index data for the period January 2019 to December 2021. The research method used is the comparative method and event study. While the analysis technique used is the normality test, homogeneity test, Anova test, and post hoc test. The results showed that there was no January effect on the Indonesian, American, German and Japanese stock exchanges because there was no significant difference in the average stock return value between January and other months.

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Xue, Pengfei, Peng Xiong, Heng Hu, Tao Wang, Mingyu Li, and Qingxuan Zeng. "Design, Fabrication, and Characterization of a Planar Three-Electrode Trigger Switch Based on Flexible Printed Circuit Process." Micromachines 15, no. 5 (April 28, 2024): 586. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi15050586.

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An exploding foil initiator system (EFIs) is essential in modern weaponry for its safety and reliability. As the main component of EFIs, the performance of the switch is critical to EFIs. In this study, a planar three-electrode trigger switch was designed and fabricated using the Flexible Printed Circuits (FPC) process. Subsequently, the performance of the FPC switch was tested. The results show that the self-breakdown voltage of the FPC switch is stable. In addition, an FPF switch with a 0.6 mm main electrode gap demonstrated consistency, with delay times below 31.75 ns, and a jitter ranging from 1.7 ns to 10.94 ns at 900 V to 1200 V, evidencing the FPC switches’ reliability and uniform performance across various voltages. Compared to the Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) switches of similar dimensions, the FPC switches achieved a faster high-current attainment with less inductance, showing a 5% reduction in loop inductance. The repetitive testing results demonstrate that the FPC switch maintains consistent output performance, with stable peak currents, peak current time, and delay time over 50 action cycles, highlighting its repeatability. The FPC switch was assembled with an EFI chip and capacitor into an integrated system, which was subsequently able to successfully detonate HNS-IV at 1000 V/0.22 μF, proving the FPC switch’s potential in low inductance applications.

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Park, Sung-Young. "Performance Development of the 400cc EFI Small Engine." Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society 12, no. 4 (April 30, 2011): 1547–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2011.12.4.1547.

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Launay, D. "EFIM 2005." La Revue de Médecine Interne 27, no. 2 (February 2006): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.revmed.2005.09.015.

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Köbberling, J. "Efim Newsletter." Medizinische Klinik 94, no. 11 (November 1999): 653. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03045010.

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Nugraheni, Prasasti Dyah. "Efek Efek Kausal Pada Aturan Permohonan Dispensasi Kawin." Istinbath : Jurnal Hukum 17, no. 2 (March 22, 2021): 219–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32332/istinbath.v17i2.2623.

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This paper contains legal issues arising from the promulgation of the Supreme Court Regulation Number 5 of the Year, which is a legal substance derived from Law Number 16 of 2019. The research method used in this paper is normative legal research which is carried out using secondary data. or library data. Das sollen, as an implication of the new regulation, creates a potential that makes applications for dispensation of marriage wide open. This is evidenced by the existence of a court decision, one of which is Decision Number: 13 / Pdt.P / 2020 / PA.Bgi., Which makes giving dispensation to marriage for those who are not yet old enough, on the basis of consideration of fulfilling administrative requirements, which are in accordance with the provisions of Article 7 paragraphs (1) and (2) of the Marriage Law jo. Article 6 (e) Government Regulation Number 9 of 1975. Therefore, it is very necessary to make new statutory provisions, which are limitative in nature, so that, it is hoped, can minimize deviant practices of the provisions regarding the marriage age limit for women and men who want to get married but not old enough.

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Pangaribuan, Lina. "EFEK SAMPING KOSMETIK DAN PENANGANANYA BAGI KAUM PEREMPUAN." JURNAL KELUARGA SEHAT SEJAHTERA 15, no. 2 (December 20, 2017): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/jkss.v15i2.8771.

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Hong, Chinsoo, and HyungChul Bae. "Convergence rates of the TE EFIE scattering solutions from a PEC cylinder." Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society 16, no. 10 (October 31, 2015): 7189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2015.16.10.7189.

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Purnomo, Dedi Pujo, Mahmud, and Yusmein Uyun. "Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA) Post Operation." Jurnal Komplikasi Anestesi 2, no. 2 (May 27, 2023): 95–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jka.v2i2.7201.

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Pengendalian nyeri pasca bedah merupakan komponen yang penting dalam perawatan pasien setelah pembedahan. Manajemen nyeri yang tidak adekuat berhubungan dengan peningkatan morbiditas dan mortalitas. Pengalaman nyeri pasca bedah, bagi beberapa orang mungkin merupakan pengalaman nyeri yang paling menyakitkan selama hidupnya apalagi jika tidak ditangani secara profesional dan intensif.Penilaian dan pengobatan nyeri telah menjadi prioritas dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, khususnya setelah diperkenalkannya regulasi standard dan survey kepuasan pasien terhadap penanganan nyeri dengan metode penilaian kepuasan pasien. Penggunaan PCA secara tepat dan akurat adalah suatu metode yang efektif dan efi sien untuk mengontrol nyeri akut yang berat, dengan penurunan resiko sedasi yang bermakna dan sangat potensial untuk meningkatkan manajeman nyeri pada pasien. PCA adalah suatu metode pemberian obat-obat analgesik dengan menggunakan pompa intravena sesuai dengan kebutuhan pasien dan diatur sendiri oleh pasien, yang bertujuan untuk memberikan analgesi yang adekuat dan dapat mengoptimalkan pemberian analgesi opioid dan meminimalkan efek variabilitas farmakokinetik dan farmakodinamik, tanpa menimbulkan efek samping obat yang membahayakan. PCA adalah proses dimana pasien dapat menentukan kapan dan berapa banyak obat yang mereka terima, atau istilah ini lebih umum digunakan untuk menggambarkan metode untuk menghilangkan nyeri dengan menggunakan peralatan infus elektronik yang memungkinkan pasien untuk memberikan sendiri obat analgesi, biasanya opioid intravena sesuai keperluan.

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Ginzburg, Vitalii L. "About Efim Fradkin." Physics-Uspekhi 44, no. 8 (August 31, 2001): 831–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/pu2001v044n08abeh001042.

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Ginzburg, Vitalii L. "About Efim Fradkin." Uspekhi Fizicheskih Nauk 171, no. 8 (2001): 874. http://dx.doi.org/10.3367/ufnr.0171.200108m.0874.

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Meyaard, Linde, and Rene A. W. van Lier. "News and EFIS." European Journal of Immunology 42, no. 4 (April 2012): 814–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.201270014.

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Watzl, Carsten. "News and EFIS." European Journal of Immunology 38, no. 9 (September 2008): 2367–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.200838775.

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Kaufmann, Stefan H. E. "News and EFIS." European Journal of Immunology 38, no. 10 (October 2008): 2633–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.200890041.

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Moretta, Lorenzo. "EFIS turns 40!" European Journal of Immunology 45, no. 1 (January 2015): 9–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.201570015.

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Carmenita, Priscillia, and Budi Riyanto Wreksoatmodjo. "Efek Neurologis Hiponatremia." Cermin Dunia Kedokteran 50, no. 9 (September 1, 2023): 490–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v50i9.1035.

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Otak beroperasi dalam lingkungan yang sangat rumit dan membutuhkan pengaturan elektrolit secara tepat. Salah satu elektrolit utama dalam tubuh yang juga penting untuk aktivitas otak adalah natrium. Hiponatremia dapat menyebabkan pembengkakan otak yang berbahaya bagi fungsi otak yang dapat dikaitkan dengan keluaran pasien yang lebih buruk. Hiponatremia dapat mengancam jiwa, sehingga membutuhkan tata laksana segera dan tepat. The brain operates in a very complicated environment and requires precise regulation of electrolytes. One of the main electrolytes in the body that is also essential for brain activity is sodium. Hyponatremia can cause brain swelling which is harmful to brain function and can be associated with poorer patient outcomes. Hyponatremia can be life-threatening, thus requiring immediate and appropriate management.

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Carmenita and Budi Riyanto Wreksoatmodjo. "Efek Neurologis Hiponatremia." Cermin Dunia Kedokteran 50, no. 7 (July 3, 2023): 365–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v50i7.954.

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Aktivitas otak memerlukan kondisi yang optimal, termasuk lingkungan elektrolit yang ideal. Salah satu elektrolit utama dalam tubuh yang juga penting untuk aktivitas otak adalah natrium. Hipernatremia yang tidak terkoreksi dapat menyebabkan berbagai manifestasi klinis yang bervariasi mulai dari rasa haus, kelemahan, eksitabilitas neuromuskular, hiperrefleks, letargi, confusion, kejang, atau koma. Oleh karena itu, penyebab, gejala, diagnosis, dan penanganan yang tepat perlu untuk mencegah penurunan kualitas hidup pasien. Brain activities need optimal conditions, including an ideal electrolyte environment. One of the main electrolytes in the body that is also essential for brain activity is sodium. Uncorrected hypernatremia may manifest in symptoms of thirst, weakness, neuromuscular excitability, hyperreflexia, lethargy, confusion, seizure, and coma. Therefore, the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and appropriate treatment are necessary to prevent a decline in the patient’s quality of life.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Efik'

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