Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Efluentes - Curtume - Tratamento'
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Pena, Aline de Cássia Campos. "Tratamento de efluentes de curtume com consórcio de microalgas." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/173838.
Full textLiquid effluents from tanneries present high organic and pollutant loads and must be treated correctly to meet the legal standards for effluent disposal and to avoid eutrophication of water bodies and water pollution. The leather finish is the final stage of production, where the leather receives the desired characteristics according to leather goods and articles. The effluents from the processing steps for leather finishing are responsible for containing chemical pollutants due to the use of dyes, surfactants, toxic metals, emulsifying agents, retanning agents, oils, pigments, resins, among other chemicals added. Microalgae have been the subject of several studies in the field of effluent treatment due to their ability to remove various nutrients, organic matter from the environment and to be cleaner and more economical ways to treat pollutants. In this work, the growth of a microalgae consortium for the treatment of effluents from a tannery was analyzed and the capacity of removal of Total Nitrogen (NT), Ammonia (NH3), Phosphorus (P-PO4), Total Carbon ), Total Organic Carbon (COD), COD and Biological Oxygen Demand (DBO), as well as the growth of microalgae biomass in these effluents. The effluents were characterized before and after the trials with the microalgae consortium. Effluents were collected in three distinct stages at a treatment plant: crude effluent (B), effluent after primary coagulation / flocculation (P) treatment and effluent after secondary biological treatment (S). The results with 50% effluent concentration, diluted in distilled water (A) after 16 days of cultivation, showed that there was a consortium growth in the three effluents with a maximum growth of 1.77 g L-1 in the crude effluent (50P50A). (50B50S) and 25% crude effluent + 75% effluent after biological treatment (25B75S) were tested in the following proportions: 50% crude effluent + 50% effluent after biological treatment (50B50S). It was not possible to cultivate the consortium in pure crude effluent, since it presented low growth and, consequently, low levels of nutrient removal. With the compound effluent 25B75S it was observed rapid death of the microalgae, since the effluent presented low concentrations of nutrients. On the other hand, in the effluent 50B50S, effective values of growth and nutrient removal were achieved. In photoautotrophic, mixotrophic and heterotrophic cultures of 50B50S effluent and 75% crude effluent + 25% effluent after biological treatment (75B25S), the best results were reached in the effluent 75B25S in photoautotrophic cultivation, growing up to 1.42 g L-1 and reaching values of removal of N-NH3, total nitrogen (NT), (DQO), total organic carbon (COT) and biological oxygen demand (DBO), of 99.90%, 74.89%, 56.70%, 58.18% and 20.68%, respectively. By obtaining the isolated microalgae Tetraselmis sp., predominant in the consortium and analyzed and the previous parameters in photoautotrophic cultivation, in addition to being verified the amount of lipid present in the biomass. The microalgae Tetraselmis sp. showed a notable growth in photoautotrophic cultivation with efficient removal of the parameters and 5.0% of lipid in dry weight.
Segatto, Evelise. "Tratamento de efluente de curtume por contactores biológicos rotatórios com opção de pré-tratamento por reator acidogênico." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/6214.
Full textThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of a Rotating Biological Contactor (RBC) for the treatment of tannery wastewater using the pre-treatment acidogenic reactor option. The experimental study was investigated in laboratory-scale and two configurations were tested. In Configuration I (CI) the acidogenic reactor preceded the RBC system, in Configuration II (CII), the settler unit preceded the RBC. Hydraulic retention time of 90h, 45h and 22,5h (stages 1, 2 and 3) were tested in RBC system, in two configurations. The Acidogenic Reactor influence and the capacity to promote hydrolysis and solubilization to the high strength substrate were evaluated, making easier the aerobics microorganisms’ action in the CBR. The result of removal efficiencies in CI were 60%, 61% and 63% (COD total removal) and CII, 81%, 83% and 66% for the first, second and third stage respectively. Chromium removal, nitrification and denitrification in the treatment system were evaluated too. Due to the changes in the tannery wastewater characteristic, the comparison of the two configurations was damaged. The CII has shown the greater substrate degradation (ratio between BOD and COD) than CI. A relationship between removed loads CODsoluble versus applied load CODsoluble was obtained, suggesting that the Acidogenic Reactor promotes a better performing of RBC systems. So a mathematical model was proposed for predicting the RBC performance treating a real slow degradation wastewater.
Müller, Cesar Fernando Gonzalves. "Avaliação de tecnologia avançada para tratamento de efluentes de curtume." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNIVATES, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10737/68.
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Neste estudo a degradação fotoquímica de efluentes líquidos oriundos de indústria de curtimento foi pesquisada. O estudo objetivou uma avaliação de tecnologia avançada para tratamento de efluentes de curtume, bem como realizouse uma comparação com tecnologias convencionais de tratamento. Os experimentos de fotodegradação foram feitos através de radiação UV em compartimento para degradação. O trabalho também envolveu uma análise dos custos de implantação da tecnologia avançada, em comparação com os custos do tratamento convencional dos efluentes de curtume do ponto de vista econômico e financeiro. A lâmpada de vapor de mercúrio Osram HQL 400W, se mostrou eficiente no tratamento utilizando a técnica de fotodegradação e em termos de custos, fica compatível com a tecnologia utilizada atualmente na empresa.
Baur, Luciane. "Estudo e identificação de nitrogênio em efluentes de curtume." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/61386.
Full textThe tannery industry generates significant amounts of effluent with high nitrogen levels. This work aims to evaluate the factors that contribute for high nitrogen contents in the effluent of tannery, among them, the used chemical products in the processing of leather, the main stages that influence in these contents, the influence of the time and to quantify the total residual nitrogen in each stage of the process for kilogram of processed hide. The tests had been carried out whit salted hides and two formularizations distinct were tested, collecting samples of residual water by the end of each stage, in order to evaluate the individual amounts of nitrogen in these effluents. Subsequently, steps were analyzed considering the influence of time on the release of nitrogen processing separately pieces of salted hides, with the usual formulation and leaving each stage for at least 24 hours for collecting samples of the waste water throughout the process. The methods used to analyze the levels of residual nitrogen in wastewater were Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN), Ammonia Nitrogen (NH3-N), Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and Soluble Protein. Technical information of chemicals products indicate that some of them have nitrogen in their compositions. On this basis, there have been trials to determine TKN in the products that could contain nitrogen. The results detected nitrogen in the analyzed samples of these products, but not in significant levels. From the results of the experiments the amounts of nitrogen, carbon and total soluble protein produced per kilogram of processed hide were calculated. For this calculation, were used the results of TKN, TOC, and total soluble protein, the volumes of each step of baths and the initial mass of hide. The results of release of nitrogen per kilogram of hide (5.07 g/kg of processed hide with the Formulation Beamhouse/Tanning 1 and 5.51 g/kg of processed hide with the modified Formulation Beamhouse/Tanning/Retanning 2) showed that both release approximately the same amount of nitrogen. Comparing the results of NTK and NH3-N, it was found that most of the nitrogen is released to the wastewater has organic origin, in other words, from the hide, demonstrating that further study must be made in order to generate lower quantities in these effluents. Appropriate treatment should be adopted in effluent treatment plants, providing nitrification and denitrification, in order to debug the high levels of this nutrient in the final effluent before being discharged in receiving waters.
Fornari, Marilda Menchon Tavares. "Aplicação da técnica de eletro-floculação no tratamento de efluentes de curtume." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2008. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/1866.
Full textIn the present work has been studied the electro-flocculation efficiency on the reduction of organic and inorganic material concentrations such as Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), turbidity, total solids and metal, mainly chromium, on an untreated tannery effluent using a pair of electrodes. For this purpose, a lab scale Electro-Flocculation (EF) reactor was constructed using an 8-L plastic cylindrical container, containing a valve in its lower part for sludge evacuation and a horizontal support in its upper part for fixing a pair of electrolytic cell in upright position into a 5-L available reactor volume. The electrodes plates, made of iron or aluminum, were connected to terminals of direct current power supply. All the physical-chemistry parameters were measured following the Standard Methods for water analysis, while metal concentrations were determined using the Synchrotron X-Ray Fluorescence technique, available in the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory. In order to determine optimal operating conditions, the effects of current intensity, electrodes distance, effluent initial pH, and EF time have been experimentally examined, according to a statistic planning and correlation analysis. For each electrode, a total of 11 EF experiments were carried out for maximum and minimum values of EF reactor operating parameters. Applying a 95% confidence level into the correlation analysis between EF parameters, the physical-chemistry parameters and metal concentrations were reduced in all of them when the effluent initial pH was increased, while the EF time and the applied voltage were reduced for small electrodes distances. Moreover, the EF treatment efficiencies tend towards higher values with an increasing on the current intensity. In order to determine the best reactor operating values, other EF experiments were performed varying the effluent initial pH from 6.5 to 9.0 and from 6.0 to 8.5 for iron and aluminum electrodes, respectively, fixing the distance between the electrodes in 4.0 cm, the current intensity in 5.5 A and the EF time in 30 minutes. Nevertheless, these EF experiments have shown that the reduction factor on parameter concentrations due to an increasing of effluent initial pH was not significant compared to prior experiments. Henceforth, the effluent pH value was maintained near to the original one for the next EF treatments, avoiding introducing other substances into the effluent. Keeping effluent pH value in 7.5, other EF experiments were performed changing the EF time from 15 to 120 min., fixing current intensities and electrode distances in 5.5 A and 4.0 cm, respectively. For these reactor conditions, the EF time setting up in 30 min. was enough to get a good efficiency according the reduction factor in the most of parameters examined, without increasing a lot the reactor electrical power, for both kinds of electrodes. The EF reactor purpose and examined has shown a high efficiency on turbidity and chromium concentration reduction factor (98%). Furthermore, this system can be also used to reduce other elementary concentrations such as calcium, potassium and zinc, for both kinds of electrodes (Fe/Al). In comparison with iron electrodes, aluminum one has reported a better reduction factor (80%) on COD values and a good reduction factor (50%) on iron concentration. On the other hand, the EF method for tanneries effluent treatment system was also compared with conventional method using coagulating and flocculating agents, showing a great similarity between them in the reduction factor. In the EF method is not necessary to introduce substances to start the coagulation and flocculation process in effluent treatment.
Este trabalho tem por objetivo o estudo da eficiência da eletro-floculação na redução das concentrações de substâncias orgânicas e inorgânicas expressas através dos parâmetros: Demanda Química de Oxigênio (DQO), turbidez, sólidos totais e metais, principalmente o cromo, em efluente de curtume não tratado, utilizando um par de eletrodos. Para esse propósito foi construído, em escala laboratorial, um reator confeccionado a partir de um recipiente plástico de 8 litros, contendo uma válvula na parte inferior, para a retirada dos sedimentos, e um suporte horizontal na parte superior para a fixação do par de células eletrolíticas, em posição perpendicular dentro do reator com volume útil de 5 litros. As placas de eletrodos, de ferro e alumínio, foram conectadas a uma fonte de alimentação de energia.Todos os parâmetros físico-químicos foram determinados seguindo o Método Padrão para análise de água, enquanto que as concentrações de metal foram determinadas através da técnica de Fluorescência de Raios X por Reflexão Total, (SR-TXRF), disponível no Laboratório Nacional de Luz Síncroton. A fim de determinar as condições ótimas de operação, os efeitos da intensidade da corrente, distância entre eletrodos, pH inicial do efluente e tempo de eletrólise foram avaliados experimentalmente, de acordo com um planejamento estatístico e análise de correlação. Para cada eletrodo, foram realizados 11 experimentos de EF com valores máximos e mínimos para os parâmetros de operação do reator. Empregando um nível de 95% de confiança na correlação de análises dos parâmetros a análise de correlação entre os parâmetros de EF, os modelos mostraram tendência de redução nas concentrações dos parâmetros físico-químicos e de metais, quando o pH inicial do efluente foi elevado, enquanto o tempo de EF e a voltagem aplicada apresentaram tendência de redução nos valores para uma menor distância entre os eletrodos.. Além disso, a eficiência do tratamento de EF tende a valores mais elevados com o aumento na intensidade de corrente. A fim de determinar as melhores condições de operação do reator, outros experimentos EF foram feitos variando o pH inicial de 6.5 a 9.0 e de 6.0 a 8.5 para eletrodos de ferro e alumínio, respectivamente, fixando a distância entre os eletrodos em 4.0 cm, a intensidade da corrente em 5.5 A e o tempo de EF em 30 minutos. Entretanto, esses experimentos mostraram que o fator de redução percentual na concentração dos parâmetros, causada pelo aumento no pH inicial do efluente, não foi significativo comparado aos experimentos anteriores. Nos tratamentos posteriores de EF, o pH do efluente foi mantido próximo ao original, evitando a introdução de outras substâncias no efluente. Mantendo o valor do pH do efluente em 7.5, outros experimentos de EF foram realizados variando o tempo de eletrólise de 15 a 120 min., e fixando a intensidade da corrente e distância entre os eletrodos em 5.5 A e 4.0 cm., respectivamente. Nessas condições, o tempo de EF fixado em 30 min. foi suficiente para alcançar uma boa eficiência, de acordo com o fator de redução, para maioria dos parâmetros analisados, sem aumentar muito a potência elétrica do reator, para os dois tipos de eletrodos. Os experimentos realizados com reator de EF mostraram uma alta eficiência na redução da turbidez e concentração de cromo (98%). Ademais, esse sistema também pode ser utilizado na redução de outras concentrações elementares como cálcio, potássio e zinco, para ambos os tipos de eletrodos (Fe/Al). Em comparação com os eletrodos de ferro, o eletrodo de alumínio apresentou um melhor fator de redução nos valores de DQO (80%) e um bom fator de redução de ferro (50%). Por outro lado, o método de EF para o tratamento de sistema de efluentes de curtumes foi também comparado ao método convencional utilizando agentes coagulantes e floculantes, mostrando uma grande semelhança entre eles no fator de redução. No método EF não é necessário introduzir substâncias para iniciar o processo de coagulação e floculação no tratamento de efluente.
Streit, Katia Fernanda. "Estudo da aplicação da técnica de eletrodiálise no tratamento de efluentes de curtume." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/8391.
Full textIn all stages of leather making there is considerable volume of water used in both chemical and mechanical operations. The wastewater of these operations can contain pollutants that are potentially harmful to the environment. Since these liquid effluents are rich in organic matter and contain a variety of different chemicals, they can not be reused directly in the productive process. Conventional tannery effluent treatment is not always efficient, mainly if considering some requirements that are difficult to be achieved, like the allowance for total nitrogen and phosphorus - among others - and the need to comply with a more and more demanding environment protection legislation. Therefore, the search for new technologies to be used in the treatment of tannery effluents is undoubtedly a great challenge for the leather industry. The possibility of treating tannery effluents through new technological concepts – also known as “cleaner technologies” - was tested in this work, integrating photo electro oxidation (PEO) followed by electrodialisys (ED). Electrochemistry techniques have been widely used in the treatment of many other types of effluents, since the advantage of recovering water and salts from them reduces the waste close to “zero discharge”. The tests were performed in a photoelectrooxidation pilot plant. The anode and cathode used were of titanium covered with oxide. The radiation source was a 400 W mercury lamp. The ED experiments were carried out in a pilot scale plant Tecnoimpianti using platinized titanium cathode and anode. The membranes employed were Selemion AMV and CMT with a 172 cm2 working area. The wastewater treated was taken from the discharge of a conventional tannery effluent treatment plant. The results obtained using these combined techniques show a reduction of more than 87% of the parameters tested – like BOD, COD, total solids, nitrogen and phosphorus, among others – making it possible to recycle the clean water directly into the tannery processes. Comparison tests were made between shoe upper leather retanning processes using normal feed water and recycled water after the combined PEO-ED treatments. The crust dyed leathers produced presented similar chemical and physical test values, according to requirements, and were also comparable in terms of appearance, grain break, handle, softness and color levelness. Besides, in bench tests, the current-voltage curves were built for the commercial membranes Selemion CMT and Nafion and for the membranes MCS and MTS developed by Lapol/Ufrgs. A cell of three compartments and a current source were used. Successive increments of current were applied every two minutes. With the purpose of studying the current limits for these membranes, a solution of sodium sulfate 0.1M, the effluent collected in the end of the conventional treatment of a tannery and this conventional effluent submitted previously to the photo electro oxidation were used, as work solution. Based on these results, other bench tests were performed to evaluate the percentage extraction (E %) of sodium, calcium and chromium obtained with these membranes being considered each work solution. For the percentage extraction tests, a cell of five compartments was used and a current of 45 mA was applied, during a two- hour period. In the conditions of the tests, the membrane Nafion has presented better results of percentage extraction for sodium and chromium and the membrane Selemion CMT has presented better results for calcium, considering the three work solutions used. With the membranes MCS and MTS percentage extraction was not observed for chromium, when the conventional effluent treated by photo electro oxidation was used.
Giacobbo, Alexandre. "Biorreator à membrana aplicado ao tratamento de efluentes." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/26538.
Full textThe preoccupation with the quality of water resources is intensifying studies about advanced technologies for wastewater treatment. A promising technology in Brazil is the membrane bioreactors (MBR), due its capacity to operate with high application rates and may also obtains a treated effluent able to reuse. Thus, this work aimed to study a MBR with external membrane module. Firstly, it has been determined operational parameters by preliminary studies, namely: membrane compactation, hydraulic permeability and permeability to activated sludge. After that, the MBR was setting. Then, it was initially fed a synthetic wastewater and, then, with tannery wastewater collected after conventional treatment. Operating with synthetic wastewater, it was obtained a reduction of more than 95% for COD and turbidity. The operation with tannery wastewater post treatment resulted in efficiency of 46%, 88%, 16%, 67% and 48% for COD, BOD5, TKN, Total-P and chromium, respectively. Moreover, after 15 days of operation, the system has stabilized with high permeate flux: 43 L/m².h.
Geromel, Camila Gabriela Alexandre [UNESP]. "Tratamento físico-químico de efluentes de curtume por meio de filtros de membrana seletiva." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98074.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Historicamente, as indústrias de curtimento de couro são consideradas extremamente poluidoras devido aos seus rejeitos com altas concentrações de matéria orgânica e metais pesados, características que influenciam em vários parâmetros de análise de efluentes, tais como DBO, DQO e sólidos totais. Vários trabalhos foram desenvolvidos, tendo como objeto de estudo o efluente da empresa Fuga Couros Jales Ltda, sediada no município de Jales/SP. O reator anaeróbio UASB em etapa única foi utilizado primeiramente, como dispositivo de tratamento, e posteriormente foi analisado este mesmo reator combinado a pré-tratamento físico químico e pós-tratamento biológico, no entanto nenhum deles apresentou satisfatória eficiência da remoção de DBO, assim como também não atenderam as exigências da legislação vigente, em praticamente quase todos os parâmetros analisados. O presente trabalho teve como objeto de estudo o efluente deste Curtume e seu objetivo principal foi reduzir a carga de compostos de enxofre por oxidação química e reduzir a carga orgânica e de sólidos nas etapas de coagulação-floculação-sedimentação com posterior separação por membrana microfiltrante, e a redução dos sólidos remanescentes no efluente, na etapa de ultrafiltração por membrana, a concentrações aceitáveis para o descarte de efluentes. Para tanto, foram analisados previamente em jar-test uma faixa de pH adequada de trabalho para adição de cloreto férrico e o policloreto de alumínio, assim como analisar seus comportamentos quanto à eficiência de remoção de sólidos e, com relação ao peróxido de hidrogênio, permanganato de potássio e sulfato manganoso quanto à sua eficiência na oxidação de sulfeto. Posteriormente, foram analisadas as interações entre cada um destes reagentes e, em posse dos resultados destas análises, optou-se por aplicar o sulfato...
Historically, the industries of leather tanning are considered highly polluting due to its tailings with high concentrations of organic matter and heavy metals, characteristics that influence on several effluent parameters, such as BOD, COD and total solids. Several studies have been developed, object of to study, the effluent from the company Fuga Couros Jales Ltda, whose locate in Jales/SP city, Brazil. The UASB reactor in single step was used on time first as a treatment device, and later the same reactor combined physical and chemical pre-treatment and post-biological treatment, however none showed removal efficiencies of DBO satisfactory, and also did not reached the goal of the current legislation practically in all analyzed parameters. This research had as object of its study the tannery effluent and its main goal was to reduce the sulfur compounds concentration by chemical oxidation, organic loading and solids reduction in the stages of coagulation-flocculation-sedimentation with subsequent microfiltration membrane separation, and, the reduction of solids still remaining in the wastewater, in ultrafiltration membrane step to acceptable concentrations for effluent disposal. Therefore, were analyzed previously in Jar-Test a pH range suitable for working with the ferric chloride and polyaluminium chloride, and, analyzing their behavior as regards the solids removal efficiency and, with respect to hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate and manganous sulfate as the efficiency in the sulfide oxidation. Subsequently, we analyzed the interactions between each of these reagents, and ownership of the results of these analyzes, we chose to apply the manganous sulfate and ferric chloride to the physical-chemical treatment. The proposed treatment presents a good sulfide and suspended solids removal (62% and 96%.), However... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Geromel, Camila Gabriela Alexandre. "Tratamento físico-químico de efluentes de curtume por meio de filtros de membrana seletiva /." Ilha Solteira, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98074.
Full textBanca: Dib Gebara
Banca: Luís Fernando Rossi Léo
Resumo: Historicamente, as indústrias de curtimento de couro são consideradas extremamente poluidoras devido aos seus rejeitos com altas concentrações de matéria orgânica e metais pesados, características que influenciam em vários parâmetros de análise de efluentes, tais como DBO, DQO e sólidos totais. Vários trabalhos foram desenvolvidos, tendo como objeto de estudo o efluente da empresa Fuga Couros Jales Ltda, sediada no município de Jales/SP. O reator anaeróbio UASB em etapa única foi utilizado primeiramente, como dispositivo de tratamento, e posteriormente foi analisado este mesmo reator combinado a pré-tratamento físico químico e pós-tratamento biológico, no entanto nenhum deles apresentou satisfatória eficiência da remoção de DBO, assim como também não atenderam as exigências da legislação vigente, em praticamente quase todos os parâmetros analisados. O presente trabalho teve como objeto de estudo o efluente deste Curtume e seu objetivo principal foi reduzir a carga de compostos de enxofre por oxidação química e reduzir a carga orgânica e de sólidos nas etapas de coagulação-floculação-sedimentação com posterior separação por membrana microfiltrante, e a redução dos sólidos remanescentes no efluente, na etapa de ultrafiltração por membrana, a concentrações aceitáveis para o descarte de efluentes. Para tanto, foram analisados previamente em jar-test uma faixa de pH adequada de trabalho para adição de cloreto férrico e o policloreto de alumínio, assim como analisar seus comportamentos quanto à eficiência de remoção de sólidos e, com relação ao peróxido de hidrogênio, permanganato de potássio e sulfato manganoso quanto à sua eficiência na oxidação de sulfeto. Posteriormente, foram analisadas as interações entre cada um destes reagentes e, em posse dos resultados destas análises, optou-se por aplicar o sulfato... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Historically, the industries of leather tanning are considered highly polluting due to its tailings with high concentrations of organic matter and heavy metals, characteristics that influence on several effluent parameters, such as BOD, COD and total solids. Several studies have been developed, object of to study, the effluent from the company Fuga Couros Jales Ltda, whose locate in Jales/SP city, Brazil. The UASB reactor in single step was used on time first as a treatment device, and later the same reactor combined physical and chemical pre-treatment and post-biological treatment, however none showed removal efficiencies of DBO satisfactory, and also did not reached the goal of the current legislation practically in all analyzed parameters. This research had as object of its study the tannery effluent and its main goal was to reduce the sulfur compounds concentration by chemical oxidation, organic loading and solids reduction in the stages of coagulation-flocculation-sedimentation with subsequent microfiltration membrane separation, and, the reduction of solids still remaining in the wastewater, in ultrafiltration membrane step to acceptable concentrations for effluent disposal. Therefore, were analyzed previously in Jar-Test a pH range suitable for working with the ferric chloride and polyaluminium chloride, and, analyzing their behavior as regards the solids removal efficiency and, with respect to hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate and manganous sulfate as the efficiency in the sulfide oxidation. Subsequently, we analyzed the interactions between each of these reagents, and ownership of the results of these analyzes, we chose to apply the manganous sulfate and ferric chloride to the physical-chemical treatment. The proposed treatment presents a good sulfide and suspended solids removal (62% and 96%.), However... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Gomes, Carolina Scaraffuni. "Otimização da operação de adsorção no tratamento de efluentes de tingimento de couro." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/114978.
Full textIn the leather dyeing step in tanneries, it is necessary to make the application of dyes to obtain uniform and intense color in the surface and often till the fibrous texture of leather is deeply colored. This stage of leather processing results in colored wastewaters. The presence of dyes complicates the treatment of effluents by conventional methods and their reuse in the production process, as it would cause the dyeing of new batch with unwanted color. Adsorption is an advanced treatment operation that is used to increase the final quality or to enable the reuse of wastewater. One of its biggest advantages is the possibility of using low cost materials in wastewater treatment. In this study, solid waste from tanneries, i.e., chromium-tanned leather shaving waste, was used as the adsorbent to treat effluents containing Acid Red 357 dye generated through a wet end process, carried out in a pilot-scale tannery drum. All the adsorption trials were conducted in laboratory-scale tannery drums to simulate the tannery conditions and to facilitate the future industrial reproduction of this method. Multiresponse optimization was used to optimize the adsorption parameters. Plackett–Burman factorial design was used to initially eliminate some factors from the seven selected important parameters: adsorbent concentration, pH, temperature, dye concentration, rotation speed, time, and particle size. Using this screening procedure, four important factors, which had significant effects on the adsorption, were selected for the next step: adsorbent concentration, pH, dye concentration, and rotation speed. Thereafter, a central composite rotatable design (CCRD) experiment was performed as response surface methodology (RSM) with desirability functions to achieve the optimal conditions, and to determine the maximum adsorption capacity at equilibrium (qe) and dye removal (R). The optimized responses were determined to be R = 87.37% and qe = 24.74 mg·g-1, in the following conditions: pH of 2.3, adsorption concentration of 12.34 g·L-1, dye concentration of 131.25 mg·L-1, and rotation speed of 27.5 rpm.
Borba, Fernando Henrique. "Aplicação dos processos foto-Fenton e eletrofloculação no tratamento de efluente de curtume." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2010. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/1887.
Full textPollution is a currently environmental problem of world concern. There are many events such as the discharging of untreated effluents in watercourses that cause the eutrophization of water bodies and bad water quality, as well as an inefficiency or lack of a current environmental law. The main goal of this dissertation was the application of solar and artificial-based photo-Fenton processes and aluminum electrodes-based electrocoagulation method in non coupled mode and in an integrated mode for the tannery effluent treatment. These effluent treatments were carried out in lab-scale reactors. In order to evaluate the performance of the reactor experimental conditions of photo-Fenton reactor, a 33 complete experimental design was performed. The lab scale EC reactor was operated at the 4 A electrical current, 4 cm electrode distance and 3 initial pH optimized values, according to the previous results obtained in another work, while the electrolysis time was varied from 5 to 120 min. For EC and photo-Fenton reactors, their performance was evaluated on the removal values of chemical oxygem demand (COD), color, turbidity, total solids (TS), total fixed solids (TFS), total volatile solids (TVS) and metal concentration. Measurements of physico-chemical parameters for untreated and treated effluent samples were performed applying the Standard Method for water analysis, while metal concentrations were determined by the Synchrotron radiation total Reflexion X-ray Fluorescence technique at Brazilian Light Synchrotron Laboratory. By an optimized photon-Fenton process at 0.5 g Fe2+ L-1, 30 g H2O2 L-1, 3 initial pH, and 120 min reaction time, tannery effluent was treated achieving a high performance in pollutant removal as reported by 98.1, 96.4, 98.8, 71.8, 32.1 and 98.5 percent removal for COD, color, turbidity, TS, TFS, and TVS, respectively. As a primer treatment stage, electrocoagulation technique was not achieved a well successful result based on the physico-chemical parameter values reduction as compared with photo-Fenton process. However, an integrated solar irradiation-based photo-Fenton and Al electrodes-based electrocoagulation with 15 min electrolysis time has achieved recommended values by the Brazilian environmental law for Cr concentration (0.24 mg Cr L-1) and DQO (107 mg O2 L-1). Considering both the costs of electrical energy and material and the generated sludge discharging, one m3 of tannery effluent should cost R$ 56.30 for a treatment system based on an integrated and optimized photo Fenton and electrocoagulation processes. Finally, the integrated solar-based photo Fenton and electrocoagulation method is suggested as an efficient one, instead to apply a unique process.
A poluição ambiental é um dos grandes problemas nos países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento. Isto é decorrente de uma série de fatores, como o despejo de efluentes não tratados em corpos hídricos e a ineficiência e/ou a falta de legislação ambiental vigente. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é aplicar os processos foto-Fenton com irradiação solar e/ou artificial, a técnica da eletrofloculação e a integração destes processos no tratamento de efluente de curtume. Ambos os processos de tratamento do foto-Fenton e da eletrofloculação foram conduzidos em reatores a escala laboratorial. Para a técnica da eletrofloculação foi utilizado um par de placas de alumínio como eletrodos no reator de eletrofloculação. Para avaliar as melhores condições de processo do sistema foto-Fenton, foi aplicado um planejamento experimental 33 completo. Para a técnica da eletrofloculação manteve-se constante a intensidade de corrente, pH inicial do efluente bruto e distância entre os eletrodos, variando-se o tempo de eletrólise de 5 à 120 min. A eficiência de ambos os processos foram avaliadas com base na redução de Demanda química de oxigênio (DQO), cor, turbidez, sólidos totais (ST), sólidos totais fixos (STF), sólidos totais voláteis (STV). Para a técnica da eletrofloculação e dos processos integrados também foram avaliados a redução da concentração dos metais pesados. Todas as medidas dos parâmetros físico-químicos foram realizadas aplicando os métodos padrões do Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater para amostra não tratada e tratada. As concentrações dos metais pesados foram determinadas usando a técnica de fluorescência de raio X por reflexão total, na linha de Luz (D09-XRF) do Laboratório Nacional de Luz Synchrotron. A maior eficiência na redução dos poluentes verificada no processo foto-Fenton foi de 98,1, 96,4, 98,8, 71,8, 32,1 e 98,5 para valores da DQO, cor, turbidez, ST, STF e STV, respectivamente, nas condições operacionais do reator: concentração de ferro de 0,5 gL-1, concentração de peróxido de hidrogênio de 30 gL-1, pH inicial 3 e tempo reacional de 120 min. No entanto a técnica da eletrofloculação não apresentou boa redução nos valores dos parâmetros físico-químicos. Após a aplicação dos processos integrados do foto-Fenton com irradiação solar e da eletrofloculação em tempo de eletrólise de 15 min, foi alcançado valores mínimos de Cr e DQO no efluente tratado, contendo 0,24 mg Cr L-1 e 107 mg O2 L-1 da DQO. O custo do tratamento do efluente e da disposição final do lodo gerado no processo integrado FFs→EF foi de R$ 56,30 m3 do efluente de curtume tratado. Este processo integrado reduziu as concentrações de cromo, ferro e DQO, a níveis permitidos pelas legislações ambientais. Baseada na redução da matéria orgânica e inorgânica, o método integrado FFs→EF pode ser recomendado como uma substituição eficiente ao método individual.
Beal, Lademir Luiz. "Tratamento anaeróbio de efluente de curtume de acabamento associado a membranas de micro e ultrafiltração." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/6895.
Full textCosta, Carla Regina. "Tratamento de efluentes provenientes de curtumes utilizando os processos eletroquímico e fotoeletroquímico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59138/tde-11092009-113441/.
Full textIn this work the degradation of tannery wastewaters using electrochemical, photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical processes was studied. Wastewaters collected in an industry and solutions prepared in the laboratory, which simulated real wastewaters, were used in these studies. Effects of the anodic material, current density, presence of sulfate and chloride ions, chloride concentration, and pH on the electrochemical process were evaluated. Different compositions of DSA®-type electrodes, SnO2-Sb2O5 and BDD were employed as anode. The electrochemical oxidation of acid black 210 dye in phosphate buffer solutions was also studied using the BDD electrode. The electrochemical degradation of tannery wastewaters was able to promote the decrease in the concentration of total phenols, TOC, COD, absorbance in the UV-Vis region, and toxicity for Daphnia similis. However, the higher the chloride concentration in the wastewater, the lower the toxicity reduction because of the higher AOX concentration. The presence of Na2SO4 made the oxidation of organic compounds in the wastewater more difficult. In the absence of chloride, the best results were obtained when BDD was used as anode, and these results were not affected by the pH. However, the best results for the electrochemical degradation of acid black 210 dye were reached in alkaline solution containing phosphate ions, which is probably due to the formation of oxidizing species from these ions. The photocatalytic treatment of the tannery wastewater was performed with TiO2 P25 Degussa supported on the photoreactor walls. Two 15 W-lamps, a black light lamp and a germicide lamp, were used to evaluate the effect of the radiation source. The black light lamp did not change the wastewater characteristics, while the results obtained with the germicide lamp in the presence and absence of TiO2 were similar. The photoelectrochemical process was performed using a 125 W high-pressure mercury vapor lamp as radiation source and an electrode of nominal composition Ti/Ru0.30Ti0.70O2 as anode. Effects of sulfate and chloride ions on the efficiency of the photoelectrochemical process were evaluated. The results obtained with the electrochemical process in the presence of chloride were better than those obtained with the photoelectrochemical process in the presence of sulfate. Moreover, the results obtained with the photoelectrochemical process in the presence of chloride were better than those obtained with the electrochemical and photochemical processes applied separately.
Fontoura, Juliana Tolfo da. "Crescimento de microalgas em efluente de curtume : remoção de nutrientes, viabilidade de produção de biodiesel e utilização da biomassa residual." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/173885.
Full textMicroalgae are an ecologically and economically viable alternative for the industrial wastewater treatment, since they are able to assimilate compounds such as nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon. As a consequence of the potential for the treatment of wastewater, there is the generation of biomass that can be used for the production of value-added products, such as biofuels. Thus, in this work, it was evaluated the viability of growth and production of microalgal biomass in tannery wastewater, without previous treatment and without addition of nutrients. The objective of these experiments was to verify the bioremediation capacity to remove contaminants from this effluent, as well as microalgal composition for subsequent use. The influence of light intensity and concentration of tannery effluent on Scenedesmus sp. biomass production, as well as the removal of pollutants such as ammoniacal nitrogen, phosphorus and chemical oxygen demand from the microalga were verified. The microalga was cultivated in raw wastewater from untreated tannery collected directly from the beamhouse stage under different concentrations (between 20% and 100%) and light intensity (between 80 and 200 μmol photons.m−2.s−1) with a temperature of 25°C and constant aeration. In a second step, the microalgae Scenedesmus sp. and Chlorella sp. were grown in 3 L airlift photobiororators, containing different concentrations of raw tannery wastewater (25%, 50% and 100%), under light intensity of 200 μmol photons.m−2.s−1, at temperature (25°C) for 20 days. In the cultures with the Scenedesmus sp. microalgae, a maximum biomass concentration of 1.75 g.L-1 and high removals of total nitrogen (NT) (91.68%), NH3-N (94.36%), phosphorus - PO4-P (97,33%), inorganic carbon - CI (93,56%) and chemical oxygen demand - COD (66,64%). High levels of lipids (27.14%) and carbohydrates (34.17%) were also observed. The results obtained from the cultures with Chlorella sp. presented a maximum concentration of 1.64 g L-1. In addition, NT (91.59%), NH3-N (93.57%), PO4-P (98.10%), CI (89.46%), COD (71.20%), and BOD (37.87%) removals were observed. The composition of the biomass showed high levels of lipids (25.46%) and carbohydrates (36.36%). In the analysis of the fatty acid profile, the ethylic biodiesel produced from the lipids of the microalgae Scenedesmus sp. and Chlorella sp. presented oxidative stability due to the degree of saturation. Thus these studies have shown that the combined process of effluent treatment in the conversion of microalgae biomass offers many environmental merits with the production of value-added products, such as biodiesel. This study also investigated biomass recovery using inorganic coagulants / flocculants (ferric chloride and aluminum sulfate) and organic vegetable tannins (Tanfloc SL, Tanfloc SG and Tanfloc SH). In addition, the effects of operating conditions on lipid content in microalgae and on the fatty acid composition of biodiesel produced from lipids were also analyzed. There was a high biomass recovery efficiency of approximately 98% for the microalgae Scenedesmus sp. and Chlorella sp. using Tanfloc SH and it was not observed any alteration in fatty acid content in FAEE with the use of flocculent tannin. In order to maximize energy production through microalgae and reduce the total costs of waste treatment processes and treatment, the residual biomass generated from the biodiesel synthesis was used as an alternative adder of the Acid Blue 161 dye (AB-161) widely used in the hull industry. Biomass was characterized by analytical techniques of FTIR, MEV, BET, BJH and zeta potential. The maximum amounts of adsorbed AB-161 dye were 75.78 mg.g -1 at 25 °C and 83.2 mg.g -1 at 40 °C. The results showed that the use of residual biomass (after lipid extraction) as adsorbent significantly reduced the concentration of dye (76.65%), total organic carbon (TOC) (50.78%) and total nitrogen - TN (19.80%).
Pereira, Eliane Leonora da Silva [UNESP]. "Utilização de biofiltro aerado submerso no tratamento de efluentes de curtume submetido a processo de pré-tratamentos físico-químico e anaeróbio." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98086.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Os efluentes de curtume caracterizam-se por possuírem elevadas concentrações de compostos tóxicos, tais como: cromo, amônia, sulfatos e compostos orgânicos de baixa biodegradabilidade, por isso o tratamento desses efluentes é extremamente difícil. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo comparar a eficiência de tratamento de efluentes de curtume de duas linhas experimentais, em escala piloto, compostas por: reator UASB simplificado em forma de “Y” seguido de um Biofiltro Aerado Submerso (BF) e somente um BF, operadas simultaneamente, recebendo o mesmo efluente pré-tratado físico-quimicamente, por meio de um decantador de coluna e um floculador de manta de lodo. As linhas experimentais foram montadas junto à estação de tratamento de efluentes do curtume Fuga Couros Jales Ltda., na cidade de Jales-SP. O monitoramento das linhas de tratamento foi dividido em 4 etapas operacionais distintas: 1aetapa, a partida do sistema experimental, 2a etapa, adição do coagulante sulfato de alumino ferroso, 3a etapa, aumento da taxa de aeração nos BFs e 4a etapa, aumento do TDH nos reatores. Em cada etapa, foram analisados os seguintes parâmetros: alcalinidade total, acidez volátil, cromo total, DBObruta, DQObruta, fósforo total, nitrato e nitrito, nitrogênio total e amoniacal, oxigênio dissolvido, pH, sólidos, sulfato, sulfeto e temperatura. A eficiência média de remoção de DQO e DBO, na linha 1, foi de 66% e 73%, respectivamente. Na linha 2, a eficiência média de remoção de DQO foi de 47% e de DBO foi de 49%. A baixa eficiência de remoção de DQO, nas duas linhas, é devido as elevadas concentrações de sulfato afluentes ao tratamento biológico, resultando numa baixa relação DQO/SO4 2-, cerca de 1,2. Apesar da eficiência de remoção de DBO, na linha 1, estar próxima da porcentagem mínima estipulada na legislação estadual, cerca de 80%, o efluente das duas...
The tanning effluents are characterized for its have high concentrations of toxicity compounds, such as: chromium, ammonia, sulfates and organic compound of low biodegradability, the treatment for those effluents is extremely hard. The present work has as objective compared the tanning effluents treatment efficiency of two lines experimental devices on pilot scale, composed for: line 1 - simplified UASB reactor on “Y” form following the Submerged Aerated Biofilter (BF) and line 2, only the BF reactor were operated simultaneously, receiving the same effluent pre-treated by physic-chemical devices, through a column settler and a sludge blanket flocculator. The experimental devices were installed in the tanning effluents treatment plant of the Fuga Couros Jales Ltd., at the Jales-SP city of. The treatment lines was monitoring on four different operational steps: 1st.step, start-up of the experimental system, 2nd step, addition of the coagulant ferrous aluminum sulfate in the pre-treatment devices, 3rd step, increase of the aeration rate in BFs and 4th step, increase the reactors HDT. On each step, the following parameters were analyzed: total alkalinity, volatile acidity, total chrome, BOD, COD, total phosphorous, nitrate and nitrite, total nitrogen and ammonia, dissolved oxygen, pH, solids, sulfate, sulfide and temperature. The COD and BOD removal efficiency average, in the line 1, was 66% and 73%, respectively. In the line 2, the removal efficiency average of the COD was 47% and the BOD was 49%. This low removal efficiency of COD, at two lines, is due the high sulfate inlet concentrations to the biological treatment, that resulting in a low COD/SO4 2- rate, about 1.2. In spite of the removal BOD efficiency, at line 1, reach the minimum state legislation requisite, about 80%, the effluent of the two treatment lines doesn't attempt the effluents discharges patterns, established by the environmental legislation.
Pereira, Eliane Leonora da Silva. "Utilização de biofiltro aerado submerso no tratamento de efluentes de curtume submetido a processo de pré-tratamentos físico-químico e anaeróbio /." Ilha Solteira : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98086.
Full textBanca: Dib Gebara
Banca: Maria Lucia Ribeiro
Resumo: Os efluentes de curtume caracterizam-se por possuírem elevadas concentrações de compostos tóxicos, tais como: cromo, amônia, sulfatos e compostos orgânicos de baixa biodegradabilidade, por isso o tratamento desses efluentes é extremamente difícil. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo comparar a eficiência de tratamento de efluentes de curtume de duas linhas experimentais, em escala piloto, compostas por: reator UASB simplificado em forma de "Y" seguido de um Biofiltro Aerado Submerso (BF) e somente um BF, operadas simultaneamente, recebendo o mesmo efluente pré-tratado físico-quimicamente, por meio de um decantador de coluna e um floculador de manta de lodo. As linhas experimentais foram montadas junto à estação de tratamento de efluentes do curtume Fuga Couros Jales Ltda., na cidade de Jales-SP. O monitoramento das linhas de tratamento foi dividido em 4 etapas operacionais distintas: 1aetapa, a partida do sistema experimental, 2a etapa, adição do coagulante sulfato de alumino ferroso, 3a etapa, aumento da taxa de aeração nos BFs e 4a etapa, aumento do TDH nos reatores. Em cada etapa, foram analisados os seguintes parâmetros: alcalinidade total, acidez volátil, cromo total, DBObruta, DQObruta, fósforo total, nitrato e nitrito, nitrogênio total e amoniacal, oxigênio dissolvido, pH, sólidos, sulfato, sulfeto e temperatura. A eficiência média de remoção de DQO e DBO, na linha 1, foi de 66% e 73%, respectivamente. Na linha 2, a eficiência média de remoção de DQO foi de 47% e de DBO foi de 49%. A baixa eficiência de remoção de DQO, nas duas linhas, é devido as elevadas concentrações de sulfato afluentes ao tratamento biológico, resultando numa baixa relação DQO/SO4 2-, cerca de 1,2. Apesar da eficiência de remoção de DBO, na linha 1, estar próxima da porcentagem mínima estipulada na legislação estadual, cerca de 80%, o efluente das duas ...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The tanning effluents are characterized for its have high concentrations of toxicity compounds, such as: chromium, ammonia, sulfates and organic compound of low biodegradability, the treatment for those effluents is extremely hard. The present work has as objective compared the tanning effluents treatment efficiency of two lines experimental devices on pilot scale, composed for: line 1 - simplified UASB reactor on "Y" form following the Submerged Aerated Biofilter (BF) and line 2, only the BF reactor were operated simultaneously, receiving the same effluent pre-treated by physic-chemical devices, through a column settler and a sludge blanket flocculator. The experimental devices were installed in the tanning effluents treatment plant of the Fuga Couros Jales Ltd., at the Jales-SP city of. The treatment lines was monitoring on four different operational steps: 1st.step, start-up of the experimental system, 2nd step, addition of the coagulant ferrous aluminum sulfate in the pre-treatment devices, 3rd step, increase of the aeration rate in BFs and 4th step, increase the reactors HDT. On each step, the following parameters were analyzed: total alkalinity, volatile acidity, total chrome, BOD, COD, total phosphorous, nitrate and nitrite, total nitrogen and ammonia, dissolved oxygen, pH, solids, sulfate, sulfide and temperature. The COD and BOD removal efficiency average, in the line 1, was 66% and 73%, respectively. In the line 2, the removal efficiency average of the COD was 47% and the BOD was 49%. This low removal efficiency of COD, at two lines, is due the high sulfate inlet concentrations to the biological treatment, that resulting in a low COD/SO4 2- rate, about 1.2. In spite of the removal BOD efficiency, at line 1, reach the minimum state legislation requisite, about 80%, the effluent of the two treatment lines doesn't attempt the effluents discharges patterns, established by the environmental legislation.
Mestre
Streit, Katia Fernanda. "Estudo da aplicação de processos de separação com membranas no tratamento de efluentes de curtume : nanofiltração e eletrodiálise." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/32595.
Full textThe industrial processing of hides and skins consumes large volumes of water and generates waste with high pollution and environmental degradation. Conventional treatment of these effluents is not always effective to comply with the environmental regulations or to obtain water with characteristics to be reused in the production process. In this sense, the search for new technologies to treat tanning effluents is undoubtedly a need and a great challenge for the industry. In this work, the application of membrane separation processes, such as nanofiltration (NF) and electrodialysis (ED), was studied in the treatment of tanning effluents. Nanofiltration showed versatility to separate the organic fraction (proteins, tannins, etc.) and part of the inorganic fraction (salts), allowing the application of electrodialysis for further removal of remaining salts in the effluent. The permeate produced has presented compatible characteristics with the water reuse in the beamhouse stages in the tanning production process. The electrodialysis was used to promote a greater reduction in the amount of salt present in the nanofiltration permeate with different levels of organic matter. The removal of ions by electrodialysis showed a linear behavior and reached values which are compatible with the water reuse in the most critical stages of leather production, such as dyeing and greasing. The membranes used were evaluated and subjected to alkaline cleaning steps, which allowed the recovery of the initial characteristics of nanofiltration membranes and the reestablishment of part of the current limit of electrodialysis membranes, thus guaranteeing the continuity of the processes. With this study, it was found that the nanofiltration and electrodialysis techniques can contribute to comply with legal environmental standards and to allow water reuse in the tanning production process, helping to minimize the environmental impact associated to water consumption and generation of effluents related to the leather industry.
Sauer, Ticiane. "Tratamento de efluentes de curtume através do processo combinado de degradação fotocatalítica seguida por adsorção em carvão ativado." Florianópolis, SC, 2006. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/88250.
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Agustini, Caroline Borges. "Isolamento microbiano na biodegradação de resíduos de curtumes." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/109147.
Full textThe tanning process waste and the increasing importance of energy generation from renewable sources make the study of alternative biodegradation ways of the waste produced by leather industry and the generation of power from it a necessity. The solid residues produced by tanneries contain chromium and are usually disposed in hazardous industrial landfills. Biogas with high methane content is the product of this decomposition by anaerobic digestion. Based on these concepts, this study proposes to perform biodegradation tests with sludge, from a tannery effluent treatment plant, and with wet-blue (leather tanned with chromium) shavings in bench bioreactors. The main objective was to isolate, quantify and identify microorganisms with potential to produce biogas with high methane content. Further, the prior storage form of the added sludge was also analyzed. First, the sludge and the wet-blue shavings were incubated in bench bioreactors (ten biodegradation tests divided into two assemblies) and quantification and qualification analysis of the generated biogas were made. Later, biomass aliquots generated in the bioreactors were collected at different growth stages. The collected biomass isolation was conducted in penicillin type injectable vial filled with culture medium propitious for methanogenic archaea growth, where it was possible to incubate in anaerobic atmosphere. From microorganisms’ growth, test of counting, depletion, Gram stain and other biomass collection of the vials themselves were carried out. As a result, the prior sludge storage influence on biodegradation tests of sludge with wet-blue shavings was not yet fully elucidated. Isolated microorganisms were not methanogenic archaea. The microorganism counting was held in two biodegradation tests with collected biomass. The first bioreactor analyzed (bioreactor 4) showed 1,90 x 109 and 4,45 x 106 CFU/mL for the precipitated solid and the supernatant liquid, respectively. The second bioreactor analyzed (bioreactor 7) showed 1,35 x 109 and 1,09 x 109 for the precipitated solid without and with added sludge in the culture medium before autoclaving, respectively, and 9,10 x 106 and 8,30 x 106 CFU/mL for the supernatant liquid without and with added sludge in the culture medium before autoclaving, respectively. Methane was only detected in vials containing collected biomass aliquots from final stages of biogas production bioreactors that were bit diluted and had high amounts of microorganisms. The percentage of methane found in these vials ranged between 25,75 and 53,66% and was detected after three weeks of incubation. The sludge homogenization proved to be a great influence factor on biodegradation. The isolation technique with penicillin type injectable vial proved to be appropriate for methanogenic microorganisms’ quantification in biodegradation tests, although it is not fully understood for the methanogenic archaea isolation.
Rocker, Cristiana. "Biossorção de íons cromo de solução aquosa sintética e efluente de curtume utilizando macrófitas aquáticas." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2015. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/1820.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Effluent containing toxic metals present serious risks to the environment and to living beings due to their persistence in the environment bioacumulam on trophic chain. The biosorption method has been widely tested in the treatment of these effluents, by presenting itself as a low-cost alternative and effective. The objective of this work was to analyze the process of biosorption of Cr(III) from aqueous solutions and synthetic tanning effluent using inactive biomass of aquatic macrophytes Pistia stratiotes in natura (PN) and chemically modified (PM), Salvinia molesta in natura (SN) and chemically modified (SM). The characterization of the biomasses and biosorption experiments as a function of pH, time, concentration of ion Cr(III), and desorption temperature for the purpose of determining the maximum capability of biosorption. By means of the scanning electron microscopy images of biosorbents showed uneven surfaces and heterogeneous, and in the infrared spectroscopy indicated that the chemical modification with sodium hydroxide and citric acid removed soluble phenolics and increased the carboxyl groups involved in the biosorption process. Kinetic studies showed that the average time required for the system come into balance is from 240 minutes, and all the biosorbents tested were adjusted by the pseudo-segunda order model, the biosorbents also modified adjusted intraparticle diffusion model. The results of biosorption in function of the concentration of the ion Cr(III), indicated the maximum capacity of each biosorbent. Of biosorbents in natura, SN presented the highest capacity of biosorption, with 25.70 mg g-1, on the other hand, the biomass modified PM reached capacity with 58.16 mg g-1. The results were adjusted the Freundlich isotherm, and the Langmuir model presented good adjustment to the modified biosorbents. Using the thermodynamic studies, it was found that these are spontaneous and exothermic reactions, and the results of desorption were higher for PM. The tests using raw effluent from tannery and biological treatment pond, SN proved to be more advantageous for use in the treatment of raw sewage and biological treatment pond, for presenting the highest rate of removal of Cr(III). Whereas the biomass of aquatic macrophytes P. stratiotes and S. molesta are abundant in the environment, the use of the same as biosorbent is favourable for the treatment of effluents.
Efluentes contendo metais tóxicos apresentam sérios riscos ao meio ambiente e aos seres vivos, devido sua persistência no ambiente bioacumulam-se na cadeia trófica. O método de biossorção vem sendo amplamente testado no tratamento destes efluentes, por apresentar-se como uma alternativa de baixo custo e eficaz. O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar o processo de biossorção de Cr(III) de soluções aquosas sintéticas e de efluente de curtume utilizando a biomassa inativa das macrófitas aquáticas Pistia stratiotes in natura (PN) e quimicamente modificada (PM), Salvinia molesta in natura (SN) e quimicamente modificada (SM). Realizou-se a caracterização das biomassas e experimentos de biossorção em função do pH, tempo, concentração do íon Cr(III), temperatura e dessorção com a finalidade de se determinar a capacidade máxima de biossorção. Por meio das imagens de microscopia eletrônica de varredura dos biossorventes observou-se superfícies irregulares e heterogêneas, e a espectroscopia na região do infravermelho indicou que a modificação química com hidróxido de sódio e ácido cítrico removeu compostos fenólicos solúveis e aumentou os grupamentos carboxila envolvidos no processo de biossorção. Os estudos cinéticos demonstraram que o tempo médio necessário para o sistema entrar em equilíbrio é a partir de 240 minutos, e todos os biossorventes testados foram ajustados pelo modelo de pseudo-segunda ordem, sendo que os biossorventes modificados também se ajustaram ao modelo de difusão intrapartícula. Os resultados de biossorção em função da concentração do íon Cr(III), indicaram a capacidade máxima de cada biossorvente. Dos biossorventes in natura, SN apresentou a maior capacidade de biossorção, com 25,70 mg g-1, por outro lado, nas biomassas modificadas, PM atingiu maior capacidade com 58,16 mg g-1. Os resultados foram ajustados a isoterma de Freundlich, sendo que o modelo de Langmuir apresentou bons ajustes aos biossorventes modificados. Por meio dos estudos termodinâmicos, constatou-se que tratam-se de reações espontâneas e exotérmicas, e os resultados de dessorção foram maiores para PM. Nos testes utilizando o efluente bruto de curtume e da lagoa de tratamento biológico, SN mostrou-se mais vantajosa para a utilização no tratamento do efluente bruto e da lagoa de tratamento biológico, por apresentar a maior taxa de remoção de Cr(III). Considerando que a biomassa das macrófitas aquáticas P. stratiotes e S. molesta encontram-se abundantes no meio ambiente, a utilização das mesmas como biossorvente é favorável para o tratamento de efluentes.
Puchana-Rosero, Mayerly Johana. "Uso de adsorventes a base de lodo de curtume e biomassa fúngica para remoção de corantes da indústria coureira." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/165157.
Full textThe present research describes the preparation, characterization and application of new adsorbents for the treatment of effluents contaminated with dyes. An adsorbent was activated carbon produced by pyrolysis microwave-assisted (AMWCST), from a sludge collected at a tannery Treatment Plant; The other adsorbent was a thermally treated fungal biomass (BTV) from Trametes sp. SC-10 fungi, which were characterized according to their texture and surface chemistry properties and were applied in the removal of dyes in aqueous solution and effluents. In this research, the efficiency of the combined coagulation-flocculation and adsorption process using the AMWCST was also evaluated. As for the texture properties, the AMWCST presented a BET surface area of 491.0 m2g-1 and a total pore volume of 0.440 cm3g-1, with mesoporous pore size distribution; However, BTV presented low surface area, highlighting the formation of mesopores. As for adsorption equilibria and kinetics and their correlation with theoretical models, for the AMWCST / AB-210, and AR-357 and BTV/AB-161 systems. For the first two systems using activated carbon, the Liu adsorption isotherm was the model that best described the adsorption data with maximum capacities of 1108 mg g-1 and 589,5 mg g-1 at 298 K for AB- 210 and AR- 357. For the kinetic studies, the Avrami fractional order model was the best-fit model for the experimental data. BTV however, showed a maximum AB-161 biosorption capacity of 221.7 mg g-1 at 303K. The Langmuir model was the model that best described the experimental data of biosorption equilibria and the Avrami Fractional Model best described the kinetics of biosorption for the dye. The adsorption efficiency of the AMWCTS in the synthetic simulated effluent was 93.79% and the BTV in a simulated effluent similar to that of the wet-end process in the leather industry was 89.47%, indicating that BTV is also a good biosorbent for the treatment of industrial effluents. Finally, while studying the combination of coagulation-flocculation processes with adsorption using the AMWCST, it showed efficient results in the removal of the AB-210 dye in wet-end process effluents, obtaining 85.20% dye removal compared with commercial activated carbon, which had 88.64%. In addition, using AMWCST, reductions of 68.44%, 13.44% and 42.81% were obtained for TOC, total sodium and ammonium.
Benvenuti, Jaqueline. "Sílicas híbridas com impressão molecular para adsorção de compostos de taninos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/130336.
Full textThe processing of hides for leather manufacturing uses a complex mix of chemicals that makes the wastewater treatment difficult and costly. Several studies are being conducted in attempt to improve the treatment and even reuse the treated effluent. This study evaluated the development of functional adsorbent synthesized by the molecular imprinting method in a sol-gel matrix, for adsorbing tannin compounds. Easy to prepare, hybrid materials obtained enable their production for use as solid adsorbents. The characterization of organic-inorganic hybrid materials obtained was performed by nitrogen porosimetry analysis (BET), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Zeta Potential (PZ). The structural and textural characteristics of hybrid materials ranged for each sol-gel route and template employed extraction process resulting in materials with different adsorption capacities. The silicas without functionalization were unable to adsorb the tannin compounds in aqueous solution, whereas the silica functionalized with APTES demonstrated the potential of the adsorbent for the tested compounds, with removals above of 80%. Differences in adsorption capacities between functionalized silica with and without molecular imprinting were observed where the unprinted silica had a higher adsorption of tannins, indicating that more studies are needed to find a process of efficient template extraction to improve adsorption capacity to the imprinted materials. Further, the silicas with improved adsorption capacity could adsorb the tannin compounds for several consecutive cycles of adsorption.
Xavier, José Luis Neves. "O uso de fotoeletrooxidação no tratamento de efluente de curtume." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/8396.
Full textElectrochemistry techniques as electrodialysis have been largely used in the treatment of many kinds of effluents, mainly wastewater containing heavy metals. This technique has, as main advantage, the possibility of wastewater treatment with the reuse of water in the process. However, high amount of organic matter interferes in the treatment, damaging the used membranes. Effluents with this characteristic should be previously treated. Among different processes for organic matter oxidation, the photoelectrooxidation could be mentioned. In this process the organic matter is degraded by ultraviolet radiation on the anode of an electrochemistry cell. The goal of this research is to develop the use of the photoelectrooxidaction technique in the effluent treatment process of the leather industry, what can make possible the water reuse in the process. The effluent, that had been already treated by a conventional process, was firstly treated by photoelectrooxidation and conducted to the electrodialysis process. Photoelectrooxidation was then used as a pre-treatment to the electrodialysis process in order to reduce COD (chemical oxygen demand) of a tanning effluent. With the results obtained here it was possible to say that the treatment is efficient to tannery effluents.
Lima, Vivian de Oliveira. "Pré-tratamento de efluente de curtume por bactérias e enzima lipolíticas." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2015. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1388.
Full textIndustrial wastewaters present different physiochemical characteristics, requiring specific studies for choose the correct treatment for each effluent, ensuring more efficiency, taking into account environmental requirements. Many kinds of industries, including tannery, potentially produce effluents with high content of oil and grease (O&G). Those compounds can cause operational problems and interfere on the performance of biological treatment systems. For these reasons, in general, is recommended the preliminary removal of O&G. The enzymatic hydrolysis of lipids has proven promising in pretreatment of wastewaters like an alternative for physiochemical methods. The aim of this study was isolate microorganisms from tannery effluent able to produce extracellular lipase, apply them in the pretreatment in laboratorial scale of this effluent and compare their effects with the commercial product Enzilimp® and with PPL enzyme (porcine pancreas lipase Sigma Aldrich®). Were isolate 14 strains from tannery's effluent. The strain MOV7 (positive staphylococci), that presented the greatest enzymatic index, was used on the tests. Were done three preliminary tests with the objective to evaluate the time and the influence from inoculum concentration, from effluent dilution and aeration. After, were made the DCCR to evaluating the influence from temperature, inoculum and effluent concentration, and pH on the variables responses CODt, CODs, O&G e Acid Index during 48 hours in fermentation system and 24 hours after in aerobic system. In the end of the tests were concluded that the tannery effluent is a potential source of lipolytic bacteria and those strains have similar behavior to Enzilimp®. During 72 hours (48 hours in fermentative conditions and 24 in aerated conditions) the pretreatment reached the reduction of 75% of O&G and 47% of CODt with MOV7 and 52% of O&G and 30% with PPL enzyme. The PPL enzyme caused the increasing of 1,1g CODt on each gram from added enzyme. When in natura, the increasing of inoculum concentration gave no better results on treatment. However, the effluent dilution promoted the decreasing of parameters COD, O&G and AI for the different inoculums. The aeration was effective on reduction from organic matter in dilutions between 12,5 and 62,5 mL.L-1. Was observed that the temperature and pH influenced significatively the system's work with better results on 30°C and 8,0, respectively.
Zacarkim, Carlos Eduardo. "Uso de sistema wetland construído no pós-tratamento de efluente de curtume." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2006. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/1280.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Water contamination with heavy metals is a very important problem in the current world. Occurrence of toxic metals in pond and river water affects the lives of local people that depend upon these water sources for their daily requirements. Chromium is one of the toxic heavy metals, which is released into environment in effluents generated from tanneries and other industries. Conventional chemical methods for removal of toxic metals are ineffective when levels of metals in wastewaters are very low (between 10 - 100 ppm). Therefore, use of low cost, natural resources for removal of metal is being preferred over other conventional methods. Many plants have been known to accumulate heavy metals and other nutrients from contaminated waters and can be exploited for polishing of wastewaters. Aquatic macrophytes have been used during the last two decades for water metal removal competing with other secondary treatments, being the principal mechanism for metal uptake adsorption trough roots. As an alternative method, constructed wetlands have emerged as a viable option for addressing a wide range of water quality problems, especially in treating wastewater effluent. In tropical and subtropical regions, because of its abundance and the large biomass produced, the water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) has been studied especially for this purpose. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate two constructed wetland in greenhouse for treating of tannery wastewater effluent, using two autochthonous floating macrophytes Eicchornia crassipes and Salvinia auriculata in order to remediate the contaminated industrial effluent, under natural conditions. The amount of wastewater generated by a tannery industry is ranged 30-50 L per kg of processed animal skins. Around of 10% of all wastewater effluent correspond to initial stage of animal skin processing into leather and 90% corresponding to intermediate and final process such as washing, neutralization and tinged. This work was performed at a 48-m2 greenhouse constructed in the Toledo Campus of the West Paraná State University, using wastewater effluents from a Tannery industry located in Toledo County. The experiences were carried out for three different hydraulic removal time: 4, 6 and 8 days. At each collection time, physic-chemical parameters such as Oxygen Chemical Demand (OCD), Inorganic Phosphorus and Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN), pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO) were determined according to chemical standard methods, and Chromium, Sulfur, Aluminium and Iron total concentrations were calculated by PIXE technique. The second wastewater treatment wetland system working with aquatics plants Salvinia was excluded of these experiences due to tannery wastewaters were along the time in presence of different concentrations of contaminants, showing non-reliable results. Also, tannery wastewaters have shown very high concentrations of sulfur. In such conditions, salvinia species started showing toxicity symptoms and began to develop necrosis. On the other hand, the first wetland system working with the water hyacinth showed high contaminants removal percentages for all evaluated parameters
A quantidade de águas residuárias produzidas por um curtume variam entre 30-50L por quilograma de pele processada. Do total dos efluentes, cerca de 10% correspondem ao estágio inicial de fabricação do couro e o restante remanescente corresponde ? s demais etapas do processo como a neutralização, tintura, lavagem, etc. O uso de wetlands como alternativa no processo de tratamento de águas residuais vem sendo empregado como alternativa, visto a tecnologia e manejo simples e de baixo custo em relação a outros sistemas convencionais que, por apresentarem sistemas sofisticados de tratamento, proporcionam custos elevados. Visto ? problemática ambiental causada pela industria do couro, o presente trabalho avaliou um sistema wetland construído com macrófitas aquáticas flutuantes no pós-tratamento de efluente de um curtume de acabamento. A pesquisa foi realizada entre os dias 09/02 a 05/05/2006 na UNIOESTE/ Campus de Toledo, utilizando efluente proveniente de um curtume de acabamento de couro localizado no município de Toledo - PR, onde a matéria prima é o couro wet-blue. O estudo foi baseado em dois sistemas: um utilizando-se a macrófita Eicchornia crassipes e outro a macrófita Salvinia sp. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: DQO, Nitrogênio Total Kjeldahl NTK, Fosfato Total, pH, O2 Dissolvido, e os íons (Cr, S, Al e Fe). O sistema II, operado com a macrófita Salvinia sp., apresentou problemas em relação a concetração de nutrientes fornecidos pelo efluente do curtume optando-se em operar somente com o Sistema I, onde foram avaliados 3 tempos de detenção hidráulicas (4, 6 e 8 dias). O Sistema I apresentou reduções de 73,41% a 79,91% de DQO, 48,94% a 83,51% de Fósforo total, 59,24% a 67,93% de Nitrogênio total, 73,6% a 87,7% Cromo, 26,5% a 52% de Enxofre, 60 a 78% para o Ferro e 58,5% a 80,4% para o Alumínio. O principal limitante do sistema e o provável responsável pela morte das plantas no sistema II foi o Enxofre. De modo geral, o TDH de 6 dias foi o que apresentou melhores resultados em porcentagens de remoção. O sistema resultados promissores em termos de remoção a baixo custo operacional
Bahia, Adilson Silva [UNESP]. "Tratamento de efluente de curtume por biofiltro aerado Submerso pré-tratado com microfiltro de membrana." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/111149.
Full textOs efluentes do processo de industrialização do couro em curtumes apresentam, além de elevadas concentrações de matéria orgânica em termos de Demanda Química de Oxigênio (DQO) e Demanda Bioquímica de Oxigênio (DBO), altas concentrações de sólidos totais, suspensos e sulfeto, o que torna o tratamento destes efluentes problemático. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a biotratabilidade dos efluentes de curtumes por meio do tratamento por Biofiltro Aaerado Submerso (BF) após pré-tratamento por membrana de microfiltração. Os resultados mostraram que pode haver a viabilidade técnica no uso de BF para remoção de matéria orgânica e sulfeto de águas residuárias industriais de curtume, pois atingiram, respectivamente, a remoção 84% e 98 %
The effluents from leather tanning process have in addition to high concentrations of organic matter in terms of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), high concentrations of total solids, total suspended solids and sulfide, which makes problematic the treatment of these effluents. The objective of this study was to evaluate the biotreatability of tannery effluent by submerged aerated biofilter after microfiltration membrane pretreatment. The results showed that can be used in the technical feasibility of BF removal of organic sulphide and industrial raw tannery wastewater as it amounted, respectively, removal to 84% and 98%
Rubilar, Cirdelene Sincoski. "Clarificação química com coagulante PGα21Ca e fotocatálise heterogênea aplicada ao tratamento de efluente de curtume." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2017. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2279.
Full textTanneries are industries that cause significant environmental impact, because they use a large volume of water in leather production and the total wastewater volume generated is normally similar to the total water caught. In addition, there is the use of several chemical compounds in leather processing, generating highly polluted wastewater with high COD, organic matter, suspended solids, dissolved salts and metals. Therefore, the efficient treatment of this type of wastewater is indispensable, in order to minimize its environmental impacts and to comply with the current legislation. Chemical clarification (coagulation / flocculation / decantation) is one of the most used steps in the treatment of tannery wastewater, it is still used coagulants based on aluminum and iron salts, but they have been proven to be toxic to the environment. In order to replace the inorganic coagullants, many researches with natural polymers have being developed. PGα21Ca was developed for this purpose. It is mainly composed of calcium sulphate and γ-polyglutamic acid, presenting high biodegradability and low toxicity. The present work had the objective of studying the treatment of tannery wastewater by chemical clarification with coagullant PGα21Ca and photocatalytic degradation using the TiO2. The ideal treatment conditions were determined using experimental design methodology and central rotational compound design (CCD). Under optimized conditions, chemical clarification presented removal of 75% of color, 61% of COD, 77% of turbidity, 94% of total chromium, 95% of trivalent chromium and 92% of hexavalent chromium. Thus, PGα21Ca was mainly efficient for chromium removal. Complete treatment process with chemical clarification and heterogeneous photocatalysis resulted in removal of 87% of color, 92% of COD, 91% of turbidity, 97% of total chromium, 98% of trivalent chromium and 94% of hexavalent chromium. Heterogeneous photocatalysis process contributed mainly to turbidity removal. This research proved the feasibility of usage of PGα21Ca for the treatment of tannery wastewater, considering it a good coagulant option due to the high yield and capacity for removal of organic and inorganic compounds.
Bahia, Adilson Silva. "Tratamento de efluente de curtume por biofiltro aerado Submerso pré-tratado com microfiltro de membrana /." Ilha Solteira, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/111149.
Full textBanca: Liliane Lazzari Albertin
Banca: Luis Fernando Rossi Léo
Resumo: Os efluentes do processo de industrialização do couro em curtumes apresentam, além de elevadas concentrações de matéria orgânica em termos de Demanda Química de Oxigênio (DQO) e Demanda Bioquímica de Oxigênio (DBO), altas concentrações de sólidos totais, suspensos e sulfeto, o que torna o tratamento destes efluentes problemático. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a biotratabilidade dos efluentes de curtumes por meio do tratamento por Biofiltro Aaerado Submerso (BF) após pré-tratamento por membrana de microfiltração. Os resultados mostraram que pode haver a viabilidade técnica no uso de BF para remoção de matéria orgânica e sulfeto de águas residuárias industriais de curtume, pois atingiram, respectivamente, a remoção 84% e 98 %
Abstract: The effluents from leather tanning process have in addition to high concentrations of organic matter in terms of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), high concentrations of total solids, total suspended solids and sulfide, which makes problematic the treatment of these effluents. The objective of this study was to evaluate the biotreatability of tannery effluent by submerged aerated biofilter after microfiltration membrane pretreatment. The results showed that can be used in the technical feasibility of BF removal of organic sulphide and industrial raw tannery wastewater as it amounted, respectively, removal to 84% and 98%
Mestre
Chaguri, Milena Penteado [UNESP]. "Utilização de escamas e Eichhornia crassipes no tratamento de efluente de curtume de peles de tilápias." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86744.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Os objetivos deste trabalho foram caracterizar o efluente de curtume de peles de tilápia, avaliar a eficiência do biofiltro de escamas e o poder adsortivo desta no tratamento de efluente nas diferentes etapas do processo de curtimento. As etapas mais poluentes do processamento foram o caleiro e desencalagem. A utilização do biofiltro de escamas foi mais eficiente na etapa de caleiro, demonstrando a eficiência do processo. Durante a filtração ocorreu neutralização do pH e adsorção minerais e metais pesados do efluente. O biofiltro de escamas é um sistema eficiente no tratamento de efluentes de curtume, podendo ser associado a outro tratamento para que o efluente esteja totalmente de acordo com os padrões de lançamento
The aim of this work was to characterize the tilapia skin tanning effluent, evaluate the efficiency of scale biofilter and the adsorptive power of this one in the effluent treatment in the different stages of the tanning process. The most polluting stages were ethe caleiro and desencalagem. The use of scale biolfilter was more efficient in the limming stage, showing the process efficiency. During the filtering ph neutralization and mineral and heavy metal adsorption occurred in the effluent. The scale biofilter is an efficient system in the treatment of tanning effluent, being able to be associated to other treatment so that the effluent is totally compatible with the standards of launching
Chaguri, Milena Penteado. "Utilização de escamas e Eichhornia crassipes no tratamento de efluente de curtume de peles de tilápias /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86744.
Full textBanca: Lúcia Helena Sipaúba Tavares
Banca: Aldi Feiden
Resumo: Os objetivos deste trabalho foram caracterizar o efluente de curtume de peles de tilápia, avaliar a eficiência do biofiltro de escamas e o poder adsortivo desta no tratamento de efluente nas diferentes etapas do processo de curtimento. As etapas mais poluentes do processamento foram o caleiro e desencalagem. A utilização do biofiltro de escamas foi mais eficiente na etapa de caleiro, demonstrando a eficiência do processo. Durante a filtração ocorreu neutralização do pH e adsorção minerais e metais pesados do efluente. O biofiltro de escamas é um sistema eficiente no tratamento de efluentes de curtume, podendo ser associado a outro tratamento para que o efluente esteja totalmente de acordo com os padrões de lançamento
Abstract: The aim of this work was to characterize the tilapia skin tanning effluent, evaluate the efficiency of scale biofilter and the adsorptive power of this one in the effluent treatment in the different stages of the tanning process. The most polluting stages were ethe caleiro and desencalagem. The use of scale biolfilter was more efficient in the limming stage, showing the process efficiency. During the filtering ph neutralization and mineral and heavy metal adsorption occurred in the effluent. The scale biofilter is an efficient system in the treatment of tanning effluent, being able to be associated to other treatment so that the effluent is totally compatible with the standards of launching
Mestre
Bayer, Vinicius. "Estudo da extração de cromo hexavalente, pela técnica de membranas líquidas surfatantes, visando o tratamento de efluentes líquidos de curtumes." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/CMPS-6VLHPN.
Full textNeste trabalho, foi feito o estudo da extração de Cr6+, a partir de uma solução sintética, pela técnica de membranas líquidas surfatantes (M.L.S) visando a redução dessa espécie em efluentes líquidos provenientes de indústrias de processamento de couro. O comportamento do sistema de extração de Cr6+ foi avaliado frente a algumas variáveis que interferem diretamente no processo, tais como: concentrações do extratante, surfatante e de um agente modificador presentes na fase membrana, temperatura, pH da alimentação, tempo de contactação na etapa de permeação e relação entre as fases que compõem o sistema. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram uma dependência do mecanismo de extração com o pH da alimentação e com a temperatura, sendo o pH definido em 1,25 e a temperatura da fase externa de 35°C. Já para as outras variáveis operacionais estudadas, definiu-se como condições de extração: [extratante] = 2% p/p, [surfatante] = 2% p/p, [1-Decanol] = 5% p/p e tempo de permeação = 5 minutos. Dentre as relações entre as fases adotadas, selecionou-se a relação 9 : 2 : 1 (fase alimentação : fase membrana : fase interna) por ter proporcionado um bom percentual de extração de Cr6+ da fase externa e pela manutenção da estabilidade do sistema. A partir dos resultados obtidos, observa-se que a técnica de extração por M.L.S pode ser viável para extração de Cr6+, visto que permite a extração de mais de 98% do cromo inicial, partindo-se de uma concentração de aproximadamente 350 p.p.m e gerando um refinado (fase externa final) com concentração de no máximo 8 p.p.m de cromo após a extração. Avaliou-se também a reutilização da fase membrana carregada e observou-se que a membrana ainda tem grande potencial extrativo, fato comprovado pelos resultados obtidos que foram praticamente iguais aos resultados quando utilizou-se a membrana virgem, comprovando que não ocorre o consumo do extratante na técnica M.L.S. Finalmente, analisou-se o comportamento do sistema de extração operando em 02 estágios para avaliar sua capacidade extrativa. O resultado foi também satisfatório, visto que se obteve uma taxa de extração acima de 90%, gerando um refinado com um teor de cromo inferior a 1 p.p.m, valor muito próximo ao estabelecido pelos órgãos ambientais para descarte (0,5 p.p.m para Cr6+, de acordo com o CONAMA).
Morais, Leonilde Cristina de Pinho. "Avaliação da tratabilidade de efluentes da indústria de curtumes por oxidação química e biológica." Tese, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/12627.
Full textMorais, Leonilde Cristina de Pinho. "Avaliação da tratabilidade de efluentes da indústria de curtumes por oxidação química e biológica." Doctoral thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/12627.
Full textCaliari, Paulo Cezar. "Electrochemical treatment of tannery effluents." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/4450.
Full textOs efluentes das indústrias de couro são altamente complexos e contêm concentrações elevadas de produtos orgânicos, sais e outros produtos químicos tóxicos que inibem a atividade de micro-organismos durante as oxidações biológicas, nomeadamente, sulfuretos e crómio. Assim, os processos biológicos não são capazes de depurar totalmente as águas residuais provenientes desta indústria. Como alternativa à utilização dos processos biológicos para o tratamento de águas residuais com cargas poluentes elevadas tem sido estudada a aplicação de processos de oxidação eletroquímica no tratamento de resíduos aquosos. Neste trabalho estudou-se a aplicação da oxidação eletroquímica no tratamento de amostras de efluentes provenientes da indústria dos curtumes, clarificadas ou não. Os ensaios de oxidação eletroquímica foram realizados sob condições galvanostáticas num reator eletroquímico equipado com ânodos de óxidos metálicos, Ti/Pt/PbO2 e Ti/Pt/SnO2-Sb2O4, e de diamante dopado com boro (BDD), utilizando diferentes densidades de corrente. A clarificação das amostras foi realizada por coagulação química (com iões de ferro ou alumínio) ou eletrocoagulação (com elétrodos de ferro ou alumínio). Para além disso, estudou-se a cinética da conversão do S2- em SO4 2-, com soluções aquosas de S2- (60 mM), por eletro-oxidação, utilizando ânodos de BDD. Para o estudo da cinética da conversão de S2- em SO4 2- foram realizados ensaios a diferentes densidades de corrente, que variaram entre 10 e 60 mA cm-2. A duração dos ensaios variou com a densidade de corrente aplicada, tendo sido de 42 h para 10 mA cm-2 e de 10 h para 60 mA cm-2. Os resultados mostraram que a conversão eletroquímica ocorre em etapas, através da produção de outras espécies intermediárias de enxofre (S2- Sx 2- SnOm y-, com x, n, m e y inteiros). A taxa de oxidação, para além de variar com a concentração de sulfureto, varia fortemente com a intensidade de corrente aplicada, sendo de ordem 2 para a densidade de corrente mais baixa, 10 mA cm-2. Para densidades de corrente mais elevadas, em que o controlo de corrente é menos importante, a ordem de reação varia entre 0,15 e 0,44 para as densidades de corrente aplicadas de 20 e 60 mA cm-2, respetivamente. Para a formação de SO4 2-, a ordem da reação em relação à concentração de S2- é sempre zero para todas as densidades de corrente aplicadas. Nos estudos de remoção de contaminantes de efluentes da indústria dos curtumes, os desempenhos de cada ensaio de oxidação anódica foram verificados por meio de variações observadas nas concentrações de carência química de oxigénio, carbono inorgânico dissolvido, carbono orgânico dissolvido, carbono total dissolvido, azoto total Kjeldhal, azoto total, NNH4 +, N-NH3, NO3 -, NO2 -, S2- e SO4 2-. Para a oxidação eletroquímica de amostras de efluente não clarificadas (400 mL), os ensaios foram realizados com densidade de corrente de 30 mA cm-2, agitação (100 rpm) e duração dos ensaios de 8 h. O elétrodo de BDD apresentou o melhor desempenho na remoção de carbono orgânico dissolvido e de carbono total dissolvido. Os outros dois elétrodos testados apresentaram comportamentos semelhantes nas remoções do carbono orgânico dissolvido; Ti/Pt/SnO2-Sb2O4 foi o menos eficiente na oxidação do azoto a NO3 -, tendo levado à produção de formas de azoto gasoso, o que reduz a carga total de azoto presente nas amostras finais; o elétrodo de BDD removeu mais intensamente o S2-, apesar dos outros elétrodos apresentarem um comportamento semelhante. O elétrodo de Ti/Pt/SnO2-Sb2O4 foi mais eficaz na formação do SO4 2-. Em relação ao consumo específico de carga, o BDD mostrou o menor consumo, 2,70 C/(g de CQO removida), contra 3,25 e 3,21 C/(g de CQO removida) para os elétrodos de Ti/Pt/PbO2 e de Ti/Pt/SnO2-Sb2O4, respetivamente. Foram também realizados ensaios de oxidação anódica ao efluente clarificado e não clarificado. Para todos os ensaios de pré-tratamento por clarificação, o melhor desempenho foi verificado para a coagulação química. Isto parece ser devido ao melhor controlo operacional na coagulação química face à eletrocoagulação. Além disso, os catiões de ferro foram mais eficientes do que os catiões de alumínio. Isto é importante porque a clarificação por ferro evita a presença de alumínio no lodo final. As oxidações anódicas das amostras (400 mL), clarificadas previamente por coagulação química ou eletrocoagulação por alumínio, foram processadas por 8 h com densidade de corrente de 30 mA cm-2 e agitação contínua (100 rpm). Foram realizados ensaios idênticos de eletro-oxidação para amostras não clarificadas. Neste sentido, a etapa de clarificação influenciou fortemente os processos de oxidação anódica e mostrou que a eletrodegradação com elétrodos de Ti/Pt/PbO2 e Ti/Pt/SnO2-Sb2O4 pode ser usada como etapa de polimento no tratamento de efluentes. O elétrodo de BDD, em geral, mostrou melhor desempenho na remoção de contaminantes a partir das amostras não clarificadas e foi muito eficiente na remoção S2-, mas não na sua conversão em SO4 2-. Pelo contrário, o elétrodo de Ti/Pt/SnO2- Sb2O4 mostrou excelente desempenho para produção de SO4 2- a partir de espécies intermediárias sulfuradas, uma vez que, para estes elétrodos, a formação de SO4 2- foi maior do que a esperada. O consumo de energia dos processos de oxidação anódica realizados com ânodos de Ti/Pt/PbO2 e de Ti/Pt/SnO2-Sb2O4 é fortemente influenciado pelas concentrações de contaminantes. O processo combinado, coagulação química seguido por oxidação anódica com elétrodos de óxidos metálicos, provou ser uma boa alternativa aos elétrodos de BDD para tratamento de águas residuais. Um processo similar foi efetuado para amostras clarificadas, ou não, com catiões de ferro. Os resultados dos ensaios de oxidação anódica mostraram ser semelhantes aos observados quando a clarificação foi realizada por alumínio. Tendo em vista os resultados anteriormente descritos, na última fase do trabalho efetuou-se a eletrooxidação, durante 8 h, de amostras clarificadas por catiões ferro, 0,25 g L-1, com volume total de 2 L, em dois sistemas diferentes, dotados de recirculação: um sistema de eletrooxidação continha ânodos de Ti/Pt/SnO2-Sb2O4 e de Ti/Pt/PbO2 (A); o outro sistema era formado apenas por um ânodo de BDD (B). As densidades de corrente em cada conjunto foram 20 mA cm-2 e 40 mA cm-2 para Ti/Pt/SnO2-Sb2O4 e Ti/Pt/PbO2, respetivamente, no sistema A, e 60 mA cm-2 para o BDD, no sistema B. Ambos os sistemas testados mostraram um comportamento semelhante na remoção de CQO, carbono dissolvido total, carbono orgânico dissolvido, azoto total de Kjeldahl, N-NH3 e azoto total. Os resultados mostraram a viabilidade dos elétrodos de óxidos metálicos em substituição do elétrodo de BDD em sistemas de oxidação; o conjunto A foi o menos eficiente na oxidação do azoto a NO3 -, apesar de mostrar um comportamento semelhante ao conjunto B para a produção de azoto gasoso, o que reduz a carga total de azoto presente nas amostras finais; a concentração de CQO funcionou como um importante fator inibidor para a remoção azoto total de Kjeldahl. Em relação ao consumo de energia, de uma maneira geral, o conjunto B apresentou o menor consumo.
Pinho, Sílvia Cardinal. "Oxidação sob pressão de águas de cabine de pintura da indústria de calçado." Dissertação, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/12573.
Full textPinho, Sílvia Cardinal. "Oxidação sob pressão de águas de cabine de pintura da indústria de calçado." Master's thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/12573.
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