Relevant bibliographies by topics / EFTEM

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'EFTEM'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "EFTEM"

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Lozano-Perez, S., and J. M. Titchmarsh. "EFTEM assistant: A tool to understand the limitations of EFTEM." Ultramicroscopy 107, no. 4-5 (April 2007): 313–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2006.08.006.

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Evans, N. D., and M. K. Kundmann. "Plug-in scripts for EFTEM automation." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 54 (August 11, 1996): 546–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100165197.

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Post-column energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) is inherently challenging as it requires the researcher to setup, align, and control both the microscope and the energy-filter. The software behind an EFTEM system is therefore critical to efficient, day-to-day application of this technique. This is particularly the case in a multiple-user environment such as at the Shared Research Equipment (SHaRE) User Facility at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Here, visiting researchers, who may oe unfamiliar with the details of EFTEM, need to accomplish as much as possible in a relatively short period of time.We describe here our work in extending the base software of a commercially available EFTEM system in order to automate and streamline particular EFTEM tasks. The EFTEM system used is a Philips CM30 fitted with a Gatan Imaging Filter (GIF). The base software supplied with this system consists primarily of two Macintosh programs and a collection of add-ons (plug-ins) which provide instrument control, imaging, and data analysis facilities needed to perform EFTEM.
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Moore, K. T., and J. M. Howe. "Analysis of Diffraction Contrast as A Function of Energy Loss in Energy Filtering Transmission Electron Microscope (EFTEM) Imaging and Possible Implications on High-Resolution Compositional Mapping." Microscopy and Microanalysis 5, S2 (August 1999): 620–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600016421.

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The dependence of diffraction contrast on electron energy loss is an important relationship that needs to be understood because of its potential effect on energy-filtering transmission electron microscope (EFTEM) images. Often when either a two-window jump-ratio image or a three-window elemental map is produced diffraction contrast is not totally eliminated and contributes to the intensity of the final EFTEM image. Background removal procedures often are unable to completely account for intensity changes due to dynamical effects (i.e., elastic scattering) that occur between images acquired at different energy losses, leaving artifacts in the final EFTEM image.In this study, the relationship between diffraction contrast and electron energy loss was investigated by obtaining EFTEM images of a bend contour in aluminum in 100 eV increments from 0 to 1000 eV (Fig. 1). EFTEM images were acquired a JOEL 2010F FEG TEM with a Gatan imaging filter (GIF) at a microscope magnification of 8 kX using a 1 eV/pixel dispersion, 2X binning (512 x 512) and exposure times ranging from 0.25 s for 0 eV energy loss up to 132 sec for 1000 eV energy loss.
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Messaoudi, Cédric, Nicolas Aschman, Marcel Cunha, Tetsuo Oikawa, Carlos O. Sanchez Sorzano, and Sergio Marco. "Three-Dimensional Chemical Mapping by EFTEM-TomoJ Including Improvement of SNR by PCA and ART Reconstruction of Volume by Noise Suppression." Microscopy and Microanalysis 19, no. 6 (August 28, 2013): 1669–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927613013317.

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AbstractElectron tomography is becoming one of the most used methods for structural analysis at nanometric scale in biological and materials sciences. Combined with chemical mapping, it provides qualitative and semiquantitative information on the distribution of chemical elements on a given sample. Due to the current difficulties in obtaining three-dimensional (3D) maps by energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM), the use of 3D chemical mapping has not been widely adopted by the electron microscopy community. The lack of specialized software further complicates the issue, especially in the case of data with a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Moreover, data interpretation is rendered difficult by the absence of efficient segmentation tools. Thus, specialized software for the computation of 3D maps by EFTEM needs to include optimized methods for image series alignment, algorithms to improve SNR, different background subtraction models, and methods to facilitate map segmentation. Here we present a software package (EFTEM-TomoJ, which can be downloaded from http://u759.curie.fr/fr/download/softwares/EFTEM-TomoJ), specifically dedicated to computation of EFTEM 3D chemical maps including noise filtering by image reconstitution based on multivariate statistical analysis. We also present an algorithm named BgART (for background removing algebraic reconstruction technique) allowing the discrimination between background and signal and improving the reconstructed volume in an iterative way.
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Bentley, J. "Energy-Filtered Imaging: A Tutorial." Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (August 2000): 1186–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600038423.

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Over the several years that imaging energy filters have been available commercially, numerous and wide-ranging applications have demonstrated elemental mapping with a resolution approaching 1 nm. A few reports have even shown resolutions <0.4 nm. Elemental mapping by energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) is clearly an attractive and powerful tool, but some aspects of the techniques can be complex, with many pitfalls awaiting the unwary. This tutorial aims to cover some practical aspects of elemental mapping by EFTEM. It is based largely on the author's work at the ORNL SHaRE User Facility, where EFTEM research has been performed since 1994 with a Gatan imaging filter (GIF) interfaced to a Philips CM30T operated at 300 kV with a LaBa cathode.120 Most of the applications have been to metals and ceramics, emphasizing interfacial segregation and precipitation.For quantitative composition mapping by EFTEM a number of interrelated parameters [field of view, resolution (δ),
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Hunt, J. A., and R. H. Harmon. "EFTEM and STEM EELS Spectrum Imaging." Microscopy and Microanalysis 4, S2 (July 1998): 152–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600020882.

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Electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) in the transmission electron microscope (TEM) is a powerful technique that analyzes the inelastic scattering distribution of the fast TEM electrons after they have lost energy within the sample. The resultant energy-losses are characteristic of elemental, chemical, and dielectric properties and are typically measured in one of two ways. Parallel-detection EELS spectrometers (PEELS) acquire spectral data over a large range of energy-loss simultaneously for rapid acquisition of spectral data at a single point. In contrast, the energy filtering TEM (EFTEM) acquires only a single energy band at once, but does so for thousands or even millions of image pixels simultaneously.Spectrum-imaging concerns the acquisition of spectroscopic data of sufficient detail for rigorous analysis at each pixel in a digital image. (Fig. 1) A STEM EELS spectrum image “data cube” can be acquired by stepping a focused electron probe to each pixel and filling the spectrum image one spectrum at a time.
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Hofmann, Matthias, Thomas Gemming, and Klaus Wetzig. "Quantitative EFTEM by Bivariate Histogram Analysis." Microscopy and Microanalysis 9, S03 (September 2003): 76–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927603013102.

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Jin-Phillipp, N. Y., C. T. Koch, and P. A. van Aken. "Toward quantitative core-loss EFTEM tomography." Ultramicroscopy 111, no. 8 (July 2011): 1255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2011.02.006.

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KRIVANEK, O. L., M. K. KUNDMANN, and K. KIMOTO. "Spatial resolution in EFTEM elemental maps." Journal of Microscopy 180, no. 3 (December 1995): 277–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2818.1995.tb03686.x.

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Bauer, R., G. Benner, P. Büscher, W. Probst, V. Seybold, and E. Zellmann. "In-Column Energy Filtering Transmission Electron Microscope (EFTEM) - Integrated Analysis of Energy Loss Signals." Microscopy and Microanalysis 3, S2 (August 1997): 999–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600011880.

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In an EFTEM the full range of signals generated by interaction of the primary electron beam with the specimen can be detected. Thus operating such a system and generating combined digital information usually is a rather complex issue. The demands of the users on the other hand are to achieve results fast, easily and reproducibly. Moreover it should be possible to tailor the integral system according to dedicated needs. In general it should be no problem to use modern digital equipment and just let an integral computer control everything. However, in order to make such digital settings really useful, there should be no D/A conversion in between the data paths of the microscope because any analogue system tends to drift and the changes of lens parameters between different modes of operation should be minimised to overcome hysteresis. Fully digitised in-column EFTEMs like the LEO EFTEMs with OMEGA filter and Koehler illumination including also multiple parallel and serial remote capabilities provide optimum preconditions to fulfil the demands.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "EFTEM"

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Alix, Kévin. "Développement d'une approche basée sur la microscopie électronique en transmission filtrée en énergie pour la détermination des propriétés physiques de bulles d'hélium dans le silicium." Thesis, Poitiers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016POIT2266/document.

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Ce mémoire est consacré au développement et à l'application d'une méthode permettant de caractériser finement les propriétés physiques (densité d'hélium, pression, diamètre, morphologie) de bulles d'hélium de taille nanométrique pour in fine améliorer la compréhension du comportement de ces nano-systèmes. L'approche que nous avons choisie est basée sur la spectroscopie de pertes d'énergie des électrons et l'acquisition de spectres images en microscopie électronique en transmission filtrée en énergie. Les différentes étapes d'acquisition, de correction des aberrations, et de traitement des spectres sont détaillées. L'erreur sur la mesure est estimée, et des améliorations potentielles de la méthode sont discutées. Nous montrons de plus que cette approche permet non seulement de dépasser les limites imposées par la microscopie électronique en transmission à balayage habituellement utilisée, mais aussi d'aller au-delà, en terme de statistique notamment. Nous appliquons ensuite notre méthode pour déterminer les propriétés physiques de bulles d'hélium dans le silicium, lors de recuits thermiques in situ dans le microscope. L'évolution des caractéristiques morphologiques des bulles est mise en rapport avec la variation de la densité d'hélium qu'elles contiennent suite à ces recuits. Les valeurs de densité et de pression obtenues sont comparées aux valeurs disponibles dans la littérature par des méthodes expérimentales ou numériques. Enfin, le transfert de notre méthode pour l'étude de bulles dans d'autres matrices (germanium, carbure de silicium, euxénite) est discuté
This thesis is dedicated to the development and application of a method allowing for the fine characterization of the physical properties (density, diameter, pressure and morphology) of helium bubbles at the nanometric scale, to eventually improve the understanding of the behavior of these nano-systems. The chosen approach is based on electron energy loss spectroscopy and the acquisition of spectral images by energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy. The acquisition, aberration correction, and data analysis steps are detailed. The measurement error is estimated, and potential improvements are discussed. We additionally show that this method is not only able to overcome the limits imposed by commonly used scanning transmission electron microscopy, but also to go further, notably in a statistical way. We then apply our method to determine the physical properties of helium bubbles in silicon, during in situ thermal annealing in the microscope. The evolution of the morphological characteristics of the bubbles is put in relation with the variation of the density of the helium contained following these annealings. The density and pressure values are compared to those available in the litterature through experimental and numerical methods. Finally, the translation of this method towards the study of bubbles in other matrices (germanium, silicon carbide, euxenite) is discussed
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Haberfehlner, Georg. "Imagerie tridimensionnelle nanométrique de matériaux et dispositifs à semi-conducteurs par tomographie électronique." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00952978.

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Ces travaux de doctorat concernent le développement de la tomographie électronique appliquée à la nano-caractérisation tridimensionnelle de dispositifs à semi-conducteurs et de matériaux pour la micro et la nanoélectronique. Les contributions les plus significatives de ces travaux sont (i) l'exploration et l'application de différents modes de contraste en microscopie électronique à transmission (TEM) pour des applications spécifiques liées au semi-conducteurs et (ii) l'investigation de nouvelles pistes pour améliorer encore la résolution spatiale, en particulier en adaptant les schémas d'acquisition en tomographie. Le TEM en balayage (STEM), basé sur des mesures annulaires aux forts angles et en champ sombre (HAADF) a été mis en œuvre pour observer des dopants dont le numéro atomique est typiquement largement supérieur à celui de la matrice (en silicium), et nous avons combiné le TEM résolu en énergie (EFTEM) dans un régime de faible perte d'énergie des électrons avec les techniques de tomographie afin de reconstruire les spectres de perte d'énergie locaux, en chaque voxel. La tomographie double-axe a été expérimentalement mise en œuvre pour améliorer la résolution spatiale, et le potentiel de la tomographie à axe multiple a été démontré, grâce aux simulations. Enfin, des algorithmes de reconstruction basés sur la minimisation de la variation totale ont été appliqués à la tomographie électronique. Les analyses effectuées comprennent les transistors triple-grille, les nanofils III-V, les capacités à base de nanofils de silicium et le silicium sur-dopé au sélénium, un matériau utilisé pour des applications optoélectroniques.
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Mönch, Tobias. "Exploring nanoscale properties of organic solar cells." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-189348.

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The demand for electrical energy is steadily increasing. Highly efficient organic solar cells based on mixed, strongly absorbing organic molecules convert sunlight into electricity and, thus, have the potential to contribute to the worlds energy production. The continuous development of new materials during the last decades lead to a swift increase of power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of organic solar cells, recently reaching 12%. Despite these breakthroughs, the usage of highly complex organic molecules blended together to form a self-organised absorber layer results in complicated morphologies that are poorly understood. However, the morphology has a tremendous impact on the photon-to-electron conversion, affecting all processes ranging from light absorption to charge carrier extraction. This dissertation studies the role of phase-separation of the self-organised thin film blend layers utilized in organic solar cells. On the molecular scale, we manipulate the phase-separation, using different molecule combinations ranging from the well-known ZnPc:C 60 blend layers to highly efficient oligothiophene:C60 blend layers. On the macroscopic scale, we shape the morphology by depositing the aforementioned blend layers on differently heated substrates (in-vacuo substrate temperature, Tsub). To characterise the manufactured blend layers, we utilize high resolution microscopy techniques such as photoconductive atomic force microscopy, different electron microscopic techniques, X-ray microscopy etc., and various established and newly developed computational simulations to rationalise the experimental findings. This multi-technique, multi-scale approach fulfils the demands of several scientific articles to analyse a wide range of length scales to understand the underlying optoelectronic processes. Varying the mixing ratio of a ZnPc:C60 blend layer from 2:1 to 6:1 at fixed in vacuo substrate temperature results in a continuous increase of surface roughness, decrease of short-circuit current, and decrease of crystallinity. Additionally performed density functional theory calculations and 3D drift-diffusion simulations explain the observed crystalline ZnPc nanorod formation by the presence of C60 in the bulk volume and the in turn lowered recombination at crystalline ZnPc nanorods. Moving to oligothiophene:C60 blend layers used in highly efficient organic solar cells deposited at elevated substrate temperatures, we find an increase of phase-separation, surface roughness, decrease of oligothiophene-C60 contacts, and reduced disorder upon increasing Tsub from RT (PCE=4.5%) to 80 °C (PCE=6.8%). At Tsub =140 °C, we observe the formation of micrometer-sized aggregates on the surface resulting in inhomogeneous light absorption and charge carrier extraction, which in turn massively lowers the power conversion efficiency to 1.9%. Subtly changing the molecular structure of the oligothiophene molecule by attaching two additional methyl side chains affects the thin film growth, which is also dependent on the substrate type. In conclusion, the utilized highly sensitive characterisation methods are suitable to study the impact of the morphology on the device performance of all kinds of organic electronic devices, as we demonstrate for organic blend layers. At the prototypical ZnPc:C60 blend, we discovered a way to grow ZnPc nanorods from the blend layer. These nanorods are highly crystalline and facilitate a lowered charge carrier recombination which is highly desirable in organic solar cells. The obtained results at oligothiophene: C60 blends clearly demonstrate the universality of the multi-technique approach for an in-depth understanding of the fragile interplay between phase-separation and phase-connectivity in efficient organic solar cells. Overall, we can conclude that both molecular structure and external processing parameters affect the morphology in manifold ways and, thus, need to be considered already at the synthesis of new materials.
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Gustafson, Åsa. "Aspects of microstructural evolution in chromium steels in high temperature applications." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Materials Science and Engineering, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3048.

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In this thesis 9-12 % Cr steels, used for high-temperaturecomponents in fossil-fired power plants are considered. Thecreep strength of thees steels depend on their microstructurethat consists of a matrix of tempered lath martensite withdensely distributed precipitates. The mechanical properties arestrongly influenced by precipitates present in the matrix andthe more densely distributed they are the higher is thehardening effect. These particles nucleate, grow and coarsenduring use in power plants, leading to a degradation ofmechanical properties. In this thesis the nucleation andcoarsening behaviour of the precipitates in the Cr steels aresimulated by new models and the results are compared withtransmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations of testedmaterials.

A model of the nucleation of MX, which mainly isvanadium-nitrides, is presented. MX precipitates are assumed tonucleate on dislocations during annealing. The model takes intoaccount the full multicomponent thermodynamical behaviour ofthe system as well as the strain energy caused by a puredilatoric strain and the shape of the nucleus. The calculationsyield a critical size and shape represented by an oblatespheroid with a radius of a few nanometers and a thickness ofan atomic layer. This is in agreement with TEM observations ofsupercritical particles.

A new coarsening model, which takes into account themulticomponent effects, is presented and it has been tested ondifferent systems to validate the model.

    Four different carbides, Cr7C3, Mo6C, VC and NbC, in austenitic matrix as well asγ ' in ternary Ni-base super-alloy systems (Ni-Al-Mo)were compared with measurements from literature.

    TiC-particles in austenitic stainless steel, ASTM 316Ti,were considered. The simulations were performed taking intoaccount iron and 7 alloying elements. The measurements wereperformed with TEM on samples that had been heat-treated at900° C.

    MX and M23C6in a 9 % Cr steel were investigated with energyfiltering transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) andcompared with simulations. The used samples had been heattreated for various periods of time at 600 and 650° Cfor up to 26 000 h.

The agreement of the simulations with the experiments wasgood in all cases when reasonable values of the interfacialenergy, the only adjustable parameter, were chosen.

Coarsening simulations were also performed to investigatethe influence of changes in composition on the coarsening rate.For MX, in a 9 % Cr steel, the coarsening rate is almostindependent of the V/Nb ratio but highly dependent on theN-content. Also the effect on the coarsening rate for M23C6by adding Co to a Cr steel was investigated bysimulation. Co is known to increase the resistance totempering. The results show that a final average radius of thecarbides after 30 000 h at 600° C decreases with 30 % witha Co addition of 10 mass %.

Keywords:Cr steels, nucleation, coarsening, model,DICTRA, precipitates, carbides, carbo-nitrides, MX, VN, M23C6, TiC, TEM, EFTEM, Curie-temperature

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Perret-Tran-Van, Simon. "Impact d'une post-oxydation thermique sur l'isolation électrique d'un dispositif MOS contenant des nanocristaux de silicium obtenus à partir de dépôts PPECVD." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2378/.

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Ce travail de thèse étudie l'impact des traitements thermiques sur des couches d'oxynitrure de silicium contenant des nanocristaux de silicium pour la fabrication de dispositifs MOS dans le but de produire des mémoires non volatiles. Partant des enjeux économiques et industriels relatifs aux mémoires non volatiles, ce travail s'intéresse en premier lieu à faire l'état de l'art des mémoires non volatiles justifiant ainsi l'emploi de nanocristaux de silicium pour fabriquer ce type de mémoire. Dans le cadre de l'élaboration de couches isolantes très fines (<15 nm) contenant des nanostructures de silicium, il est primordial de bien contrôler, étape par étape, tous les paramètres et leurs effets sur les empilements. Les différents outils qui ont permis le diagnostic des couches sont décris, évalués et justifiés : ellipsométrie spectroscopique, photoluminescence, MET, MEHR et EFTEM (respectivement : Microscopie Electronique à Transmission, Microscopie Electronique à Haute Résolution et imagerie filtrée). Ces outils permettent alors l'étude des dépôts et des effets des traitements thermiques sur les couches déposées et le substrat. Ces analyses montrent qu'il est possible d'élaborer un empilement silicium cristallin / oxyde tunnel en SiO2, couche isolante contenant des nanocristaux de silicium par le contrôle des paramètres de dépôt et de recuit thermique sous atmosphère inerte puis sous atmosphère faiblement oxydante. L'étude révèle aussi les phénomènes à l'origine des mécanismes de nucléation, de croissance et d'oxydation des nanocristaux de silicium. Enfin, les dispositifs mémoires fabriqués à partir des empilements réalisés sont caractérisés par C(V). Les premiers résultats montrent à la fois l'intérêt et les difficultés rencontrées en utilisant cette nouvelle procédure. Une charge significative fut retenue pendant plusieurs mois dans un des dispositifs ce qui est très encourageant et justifie la poursuite de l'étude de tels dispositifs
This work studies the impact of annealing treatments on silicon nanocrystals embedded in a silicon oxinitride matrix in order to produce non-volatile memory devices. The controlled fabrication of Si nanocrystals embedded in thin silicon oxinitride films (< 15 nm) on top of a silicon substrate has been realized by PPECVD with N2O-SiH4 precursors. Memory devices consisting of a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) with nanocrystals are promising candidates for low-power applications with a high storage density. The effect of inert and oxidizing annealing processes on the Si nanocrystals' spatial and size distributions is studied by coupling ellipsometry measurements and cross-sectional Transmission Electron Microscopy observations. Annealing under oxidizing ambience is shown to be a powerful way to create a quality tunnel oxide with the controlled thickness needed to design future memory devices. This study gives interesting insight about the physics underlying the Si nanocrystals nucleation, growth and oxidation mechanisms. Finally, memory devices produced from staking those layers have been studied by an electrical characterization technique (capacity as a function of applied voltage). First results show the interest and the difficulties encountered by using this technique. A significant amount of charges has been stored for several months in one of the devices which is really encouraging and justifying in the pursuit of the study for these devices
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Dumas, Carine. "Synthèse par implantation ionique, adressage, caractérisations électriques et optiques d'un nombre réduit de nanocristaux de Si dans SiO2." Toulouse, INSA, 2008. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000248/.

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Ce travail est consacré à la synthèse localisée et contrôlée de nanocristaux de Si dans une couche de SiO2 (<10 nm) par deux techniques d’implantation ionique. D’une part, l’implantation ionique à basse énergie (1keV) suivie d’un recuit thermique (ULE-II) permet d’élaborer un plan de nanocristaux dans une couche d’oxyde, d’autre part l’ULE-II couplée à la lithographie stencil (méthode originale SMULE- II) permet de les synthétiser localement et de contrôler leur nombre. Les caractérisations par MEB, AFM, EFTEM, spectroscopie de photoluminescence permettent l’étude structurale des nanocristaux (taille, forme, densité, position dans l’oxyde, caractéristiques des zones implantées localement…). Puis, des capacités MOS de taille micro à nanométrique en adressent un certain nombre (grand 108 à réduit 50). Les études I-V et I-t réalisées à température ambiante mettent en évidence des effets de chargement collectif (nanocristaux adressés en grand nombre ou connectés) et discret (nanocristaux en faible nombre (<200) ou formés localement et oxydés). Un modèle électrique permet de corréler les caractéristiques électriques et structurales. De plus, les études I-V réalisées à basse température et les mesures KFM confirment que les charges sont certainement stockées préférentiellement dans les nanocristaux. Pour finir, les effets de stockage de charge des mesures C-V confirment l’intérêt des nanocristaux de Si (élaborés par ULE-II ou SM-ULE-II) pour des dispositifs mémoires non volatiles, et les électrodes transparentes (ITO et ZnO) prouvent qu’il sera possible de les exciter optiquement et de les adresser électriquement afin de réaliser des dispositifs électro-optiques
This work is dedicated to the localized synthesis of a controlled number of Si nanocrystals into SiO2 layer, by two ion implantation methods. On the one hand, the ultra low energy ion implantation followed by thermal annealing (ULE-II) leads to create a two dimensional array of nanocrystals ; On the other hand, the original SM-ULE-II method where ULE-II is performed through a stencil mask leads to fabricate localized areas of Si nanocrystals while controlling their number. Characterizations by SEM, AFM, EFTEM, photoluminescence spectroscopy allow studying the structural properties of the nanocrystals (size, density, shape, localization into the oxide, implanted areas characteristics,. . ). Then, a reduced number of nanocrystals elaborated by ULE-II (108 to 50) or SM-ULE-II is addressed by a micro to nanometer MOS capacitor. Room temperature I-V and I-t measurements exhibit collective charging effects (large number of nanocrystals addressed or connected nanocrystals) and discrete charging effects (a few number of nanocrystals or nanocrystals elaborated by SM-ULE-II and oxidized). An electrical model relates the electrical and structural properties. I-V characterizations realized at low temperature and KFM measurements confirm charge storage essentially into nanocrystals. C-V curves prove that nanocrystals are attractive to non volatile memory applications, and using transparent electrode (ZnO or ITO), nanocrystals can be optically excited and electrically addressed in order to create electro optical components
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Ahlberg, [Alsarve] Jenny. "Efter kärnfamiljen : familjepraktiker efter skilsmässa." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Akademin för humaniora, utbildning och samhällsvetenskap, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-2700.

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This dissertation is about post-divorce families. The central question is how family is constructed after divorce. The aim is to study how family relationships are negotiated, transformed and reproduced after the separation. The research is based on 24 in-depth interviews with twelve young adults, between the ages of 21 and 29, with divorced parents. Their narratives about their families are analysed using a theoretical framework inspired by the individualization theories (Beck & Beck-Gernsheim 2001; Giddens 1997, 1995) and the doing family perspective (Morgan 1996; Silva & Smart 1999a), especially focusing on the concepts of negotiation and family practices. More specific questions raised in the dissertation are how are family boundaries drawn by the young adults? How do the interviewees understand the new organization of their families, which has been renegotiated after the separation? What perception of motherhood and fatherhood can be found in the narratives? And, finally, to what extent are family relationships after divorce negotiated in the way that the individualization theories claim? The results show a quite complex picture of family life after divorce. While both parents are often described as participating parents, the family practices after divorce appear clearly gendered. The mother’s involvement in taking care of the child seems not to be negotiable in the same way as the father’s. Hence, motherhood appears natural and taken for granted to a much greater extent than fatherhood. The negotiations between the parents after divorce can be of both an explicit and implicit character according to the narratives, but yet another kind of negotiation are the indirect negotiations. In these negotiations, the child is used as a go-between or carrier, a position that seems to limit their own possibility to participate in the decision making. Another aspect that seems to diminish children’s participation is the principle of loyalty to both their biological parents. The results also show that the children’s living arrangements after divorce are characterized by changes and renegotiations rather than being permanent. The parents’ new partners are described in different ways in the narratives, however, they are often seen as turning points that have a major influence on the family relationships. The nuclear family as a normative ideal is present in all the interviews but in different ways. While some express an explicit critique of it, others regard it as something that they want for themselves in the future. What constitutes a family according to the narratives? Firstly, blood ties and formal relationships are pointed out. Secondly, the feeling of solidarity and closeness is viewed perhaps as the most evident element of family life. This feeling can be created by open communication as well as by spending time together on a regular basis. Thirdly, growing up together and/or sharing everyday life practices are also considered as vital to develop and maintain close family ties. This means that the family boundaries after divorce are renegotiated over time rather than permanent. These negotiations take place in a certain context, where gender norms, earlier experiences and other social relationships play an important role.
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Fredriksson, Viktor, and Jonathan Arnell. "Råvarufutures efter finanskrisen: : Förändrade diversifieringsmöjligheter för svenska investerare?" Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-118004.

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Som ett sätt att bygga upp en väldiversifierad portfölj har det under de senaste decennierna blivit allt mer populärt bland investerare att ta positioner i råvarufutures, då de historiskt har ansetts visa upp låg eller till och med negativ korrelation mot aktiemarknaden. Flera tidigare studier visar på ett nytt förhållande mellan dem sedan finanskrisen 2008. Studierna finner att korrelationen har ökat under det senaste decenniet. De finner en strukturell brytpunkt vid finanskrisen som skiftat korrelationen betydligt uppåt, till den grad att diversifieringseffekten av att hålla råvarufutures i sin portfölj kan vara förändrad. Studierna kommer fram till olika slutsatser angående vad som kommer att ske med korrelationen när krisen är över och marknaden åter har stabiliserats. Somliga föreslår att korrelationen kommer att falla tillbaka till sina tidigare nivåer, medan andra tror att den kommer att stanna vid dagens förhöjda värden. Vår uppsats söker ytterligare svar på vad som hänt efter krisen genom att använda data som sträcker sig flera år senare än tidigare studier, fram till 2014. Genom att använda svensk data istället för amerikansk kan vi avgöra om korrelationen mellan de två marknaderna och råvaror har påverkats olika av finanskrisen. Vår studie skiljer sig ytterligare från andra i att den använder sig av individuella råvarufutures istället för ett bredare index, med syftet att se om vi kan finna en skillnad mellan olika råvarors korrelation. De råvaror vi använt är olja, naturgas, guld, koppar, kaffe, vete, kreatur, bomull och timmer.Vi anser att de frågor som lyfts bäst besvaras med hjälp av en ekonometrisk undersökning. Studien använder sig därför av dynamic conditional correlation-metoden (DCC GARCH), som är välanvänd i tidigare studier, och som tillåter oss att mäta dynamisk korrelation. Vår slutsats är att vi ser vissa rörelser i korrelationen runt 2008 i samband med finanskrisen, men att vi inte finner några bevis för en långvarig effekt de efterföljande åren efter finanskrisen. Uppsatsen argumenterar för att korrelationen mot den svenska marknaden inte har förändrats på samma sätt som mot den amerikanska, och att en investerare fortfarande kan använda råvarufutures som diversifiering mot en svensk aktieportfölj. Vi argumenterar för att det är viktigt att skilja på de enskilda råvarorna och vilken man bör investera i, snarare än att tänka på dem som en homogen grupp.
As a way to hedge ones financial portfolio, it has been increasingly popular among investors to take positions in commodity futures in the past decades, as they have been seen as showing low or negative correlation against the stock market historically. Several previous studies show a new relationship between the two since the financial crisis of 2008. These studies find that the correlation increased during the last decade. They find a structural break at the crisis significantly shifting the correlation upward, to the point that the hedging effect of bringing in commodity futures to your portfolio may be changed. The earlier studies reach different conclusions of what follows after the crisis is over and the market stabilizes again. Some suggest that the correlation will fall back to its previous levels, whereas others think it will stay at the high level they see today.Our study try to find an extended answer to what has happened after the crisis as we use data several years after the previous studies, up to 2014. By using Swedish instead of American data can we determine if the relation between commodities and the two markets has been affected differently by the financial crisis. Our study also differ from others by using single individual commodities instead of a broader index, with the aim to see if we can find differences between the commodities. The commodities used are Oil, Natural Gas, Gold, Copper, Coffee, Wheat, Live cattle, Cotton and Lumber. We consider an econometric approach as the best way to answer the questions we raise. We are using the dynamic conditional correlation method, or DCC GARCH, which is widely used in previous papers and that allow us to measure the dynamic properties of the correlation.Our conclusion is that we can see some movement in the correlation around 2008, differing among the commodities, but that we do not find any proof for a long lasting effect in the years after 2008. We therefore conclude that our result points toward that the correlation against the Swedish stock market differs from the American. We argue that an investor in a Swedish stock portfolio can continue to hedge with commodity futures, even though it might be of importance to consider which commodities to invest in rather than thinking of them as a homogenous group.
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Saxberg, Fanny, and Andersson Vera Marmstig. "Upplevelser efter ett hjärtstopp : livet efter döden." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avdelningen för omvårdnad - grundnivå, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-16410.

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Background: More people survive today after a cardiac arrest and one of the reasons could be because more civilians are now trained in CPR. Defibrillators are deployed in public places to quickly save lives. There is more to examine in cardiac arrest than just physically and mentally limitations. Patients experience anxiety and existential issues that can come with a cardiac arrest. Aim: The aim of this study was to illuminate patient’s experiences after surviving a cardiac arrest. Method: A qualitative literature-based method was employed by using Friberg’s five-step analysis. Seven articles were included in the analysis. Results: Two themes and four subthemes were made visible from the compilation of the results of the seven articles. Patients experience a struggle with their identity and experience both anxiety, existential issues and physical issues. A comparison between the past and the present is in the headlights after a cardiac arrest and patients are dependent on the support of healthcare staff. Conclusion: There are physical limitations that lead to inactivity in patients related fear of a new cardiac arrest. Patients need to reflect on the event and talk about their fears to reduce anxiety and unanswered questions. Several patients experience a fear of going home, where there are no staff. They are worried about having a new cardiac arrest and dying in solitude. A structured plan is needed to be followed when discharged from the hospital to reduce patient’s anxiety.
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Ariche, Haifa, and Jelena Trifkovic. "Leva livet efter mastektomi : Kvinnornas upplevelser efter mastektomi." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för Hälsa och Samhälle, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-8294.

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Bakgrund: Bröstcancer är den vanligaste formen av cancer hoskvinnor i Sverige. Behandling av bröstcancer kan leda till att kvinnan blitvungen att operera bort sitt bröst. Kvinnobröstet har i alla tider varit ensymbol för det absolut feminina. Syfte: Syftetvar att belysa de drabbade kvinnornas upplevelser efter mastektomi. Metod: Studien var en litteraturstudiebaserad på antal kvalitativa vetenskapliga artiklar. Resultat: I resultatet visades att många kvinnor upplevdeförändring av sin kropp. Genom förlust av bröstet förlorade de kvinnlighet,sexualitet och identitet. De upplevde sina kroppar som stympade vilket leddetill sorg. Relationen till partnern påverkades både positivt och negativtberoende om kvinnorna ansåg sig vara sexuellt accepterade eller inte. Ärretsymboliserade både förlust, rädsla för ny cancer och seger över att ha blivitbotad. Slutsats: Det är viktigt attsjuksköterskan har det hälsofrämjande tänkesättet i mötet med kvinnor som hargenomgått mastektomi, för att hjälpa dem att bearbeta sina upplevelser ochuppmuntra dem att uppnå en hög känsla av sammanhang.
Background: Breast cancer is themost common cancer among women in Sweden. Thetreatment of breastcancer may lead to women being forcedto surgery remove her breast. Women’s breasthas always been a symbol of the very feminine. Aim: The aim was to highlight theaffected women's experiences after a mastectomy. Method: The study was a literature review based on qualitative, scientificarticles. Results: The results showed thatmany women experiencechanges in their body.Through the loss ofthe breast, they lost femininity, sexuality and identity.They experienced theirbodies’ mutilated, causing grief. Their relationshipfor their partner was affected, positively or negatively depending on if thewomen considered themselves to besexually accepted or not. The scarsymbolizes both the loss, fear of new cancer and victory to having beencured. Conclusion: It is important that thenurse has the healthpromotion forethought when meeting with women who have undergone a mastectomy.To help themovercome their experiencesand encourage themto achieve a highfeeling of life connection.
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Books on the topic "EFTEM"

1

Popov, Zheko. Efrem Karanov. Sofii͡a︡: Prosveta, 1994.

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Mankell, Henning. Steget efter. Stockholm: Ordfront förlag, 1997.

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Mankell, Henning. Steget efter. Stockholm: Leopard, 2006.

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Engelhardt, Maja Lisa. Efter naturen. Rønde [Denmark]: Boggalleriet, 1991.

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Efter arbetsschema. Stockholm: Bonnier, 2008.

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Efter: Roman. 4th ed. Amsterdam: Uitgeverij Atlas Contact, 2014.

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Posadskai︠a︡, Li︠u︡bovʹ. Efrem Zverʹkov. Moskva: Belyĭ gorod, 2006.

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Justitiedepartementet, Sweden. Efter Lindome. [Stockholm]: Justitiedepartementet, 1993.

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Olsen, Henning. Efter arbejdsskaden. København: Socialforskningsinstituttet, 1991.

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Nichev, Dragan. Efrem Karanfilov. Sofii͡a︡: Izd-vo Nauka i izkustvo, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "EFTEM"

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Thomas, Paul, and Paul Midgley. "EFTEM." In Transmission Electron Microscopy, 377–404. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26651-0_13.

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Bauch, Jürgen, and Rüdiger Rosenkranz. "EFTEM - Energiegefilterte Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie." In Physikalische Werkstoffdiagnostik, 10–11. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53952-1_5.

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Koch, C. T., W. Sigle, J. Nelayah, L. Gu, V. Srot, and P. A. van Aken. "Sub-0.5 eV EFTEM Mapping using the Zeiss SESAM." In EMC 2008 14th European Microscopy Congress 1–5 September 2008, Aachen, Germany, 447–48. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-85156-1_224.

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Nelayah, J., L. Gu, W. Sigle, C. T. Koch, L. Pastoriza-Santos, L. M. Liz-Marzan, and P. A. van Aken. "Low-loss-energy EFTEM imaging of triangular silver nanoparticles." In EMC 2008 14th European Microscopy Congress 1–5 September 2008, Aachen, Germany, 243–44. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-85226-1_122.

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Soumia, Sid Ahemd, Zoubeida Messali, Abdeldjalil Ouahabi, and Sergio Marco. "Wavelets Based Image De-Noising: Application to EFTEM Imaging." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 332–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48929-2_26.

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Albertano, P., and M. Grilli Caiola. "Localization of Nitrogen in the Azolla — Anabaena Symbiosis by Eftem." In Nitrogen Fixation, 551–53. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3486-6_119.

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Schneider, Reinhard. "Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) and Energy-Filtering Transmission Electron Microscopy (EFTEM)." In Surface and Thin Film Analysis, 67–91. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527636921.ch4.

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Kruhlak, Michael J. "Correlative Fluorescence and EFTEM Imaging of the Organized Components of the Mammalian Nucleus." In Nanoimaging, 397–416. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-137-0_22.

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Papst, Ilse, Gerald Kothleitner, Ferdinand Hofer, and Leo Binder. "Mapping the Distribution of Doping Elements in Electrolytically Doped Manganese Dioxide by EFTEM and EELS." In Electroactive Materials, 121–29. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6211-8_12.

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Foa, C., M. Soler, M. Fraterno, M. Passerel, J. L. Lavergne, J. M. Martin, and P. Bongrand. "Electron Microscopical Analysis of Cell-Cell and Cell-Substrate Interactions : Use of Image Analysis, X-Ray Microanalysis and EFTEM." In Studying Cell Adhesion, 219–41. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03008-0_15.

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Conference papers on the topic "EFTEM"

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Engelmann, Hans-Jürgen, Werner Blum, and Ehrenfried Zschech. "Microstructural analysis of Al interconnects in microprocessor devices using EFTEM." In The fifth international workshop on stress induced phenomena in metallization. AIP, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.59913.

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Subramanian, Swaminathan, Khiem Ly, and Tony Chrastecky. "Energy-Filtered Imaging of Polysilicon Defects, Gate Dielectric and Silicon Nanocrystals Using Plasmon Energy-Loss Electrons." In ISTFA 2012. ASM International, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2012p0359.

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Abstract Transmission electron microscope based elemental analysis techniques utilize X-ray photons in EDS and inelastically scattered electrons or the energy-loss electrons in electron energy-loss spectroscopy and energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM). This paper discusses the applications of EFTEM to visualize polysilicon defects, gate dielectric and silicon nanocrystals using inelastically scattered low energy-loss electrons. It focuses on features that are primarily composed of silicon and silicon-oxide. Various benefits of using plasmon energy-loss electrons to image silicon nanocrystals layer in thin film storage device are also outlined. Even though this work has focused on low-loss imaging of features and defects in the front-end of the process based on silicon/silicon-oxide integrated circuits, these techniques can also be applied to technologies based on other materials by selecting appropriate plasmon peaks corresponding to those materials.
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Gnauck, P., U. Zeile, P. Hoffrogge, G. Benner, A. Orchowski, and W.-D. Rau. "Real Time SEM Imaging of FIB Milling Processes for Extended Accuracy on TEM Samples for EFTEM Analysis." In ISTFA 2003. ASM International, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2003p0132.

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Abstract We present application examples of site specific energy filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) analysis using advanced focused ion beam (FIB) specimen preparation techniques. Specifically, we address topics such as throughput and reliability enhancement by chemically assisted broad ion beam milling and on-line monitoring of the etch process. We discuss how integrated elemental analysis by EFTEM can be used to gain quantitative information on the broad variety of new material systems currently entering front end and back end of the IC manufacturing process line. The accelerating pace of device integration results in extreme demands for quantitative analysis in process development, yield ramp-up and process control with spatial resolution and elemental sensitivity at the very limits of currently available instrumentation. Historically, the high resolution performance of TEM analysis has been hampered by long turn around times for the required sample preparation. Meanwhile the routine use of FIB systems for “trench” and “lift-out” preparation techniques allows for an enormous increase in the efficiency of TEM analysis.
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Al-Sharab, J. F., J. Wittig, J. Bentley, N. Evans, G. Bertero, and T. Yamashita. "Experimental estimation of the magnetic energy distribution of CoCrTa from EFTEM data." In INTERMAG 2006 - IEEE International Magnetics Conference. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/intmag.2006.376427.

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Zhou, YongKai, Jie Zhu, AnYan Du, YouNan Hua, ZhiQiang Mo, and SiPing Zhao. "Tomographic Study of Silicon Nanoparticles in Nanocrystalline Non-Volatile Flash Memory Devices by EFTEM." In ISTFA 2012. ASM International, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2012p0356.

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Abstract The distribution of Si nanoparticles, both dimensional and spatial, is a key factor affecting the performance of non-volatile flash memory devices. A new FIB method has been developed to prepare ultra-thin plan view specimens, containing only the Si nanoparticle matrix thin film layer, from fully processed nanocrystalline flash memory devices. The morphology and distribution of Si nanoparticles were then studied by EFTEM 3D tomographic reconstruction.
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Ahmed, Soumia Sid, Zoubeida Messali, and Mohammed Chouiter. "Public software: TomoJ, eTomo and tomtoolbox for stem and EFTEM tomography of biological samples." In 2013 8th InternationalWorkshop on Systems, Signal Processing and their Applications (WoSSPA). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wosspa.2013.6602344.

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Castignolles, Marie, Thomas Zirilli, Eric Cattey, Justin Lewenstein, Steve Schauer, Wei Liu, Jeff Chen, Jake Hammett, and Sam Subramanian. "Failure Analysis of ILD Delamination—Uncovering Multiple Root Causes." In ISTFA 2015. ASM International, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2015p0507.

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Abstract FA cannot consist of simply jumping to conclusions. The FA process is validated through correlation with the initial failure and through interpretation of the obtained results, subjective by definition. This paper illustrates the difficulty of analyzing complex failures caused by multiple factors, including wafer fabrication, assembly, and application conditions. Inter-Layer Dielectric (ILD) delamination was experienced on various ICs from the same 250nm technology. A complete set of techniques (C-SAM, laser and optical microscopy, SEM, FIB cross-sections, TEM, EFTEM, SIMS, Auger, delineation) was used as different pieces of the same puzzle to reveal the multiple factors contributing to the ILD delamination failures. Due to the subtle nature of some of the underlying causes, defining an accurate FA approach with appropriate sample preparation and accurate device traceability was critical to understanding this complex, multivariate issue.
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Kim, Seong Chan, and Greg Schelske. "FOUP purge performance improvement using EFEM flow converter." In 2016 27th Annual SEMI Advanced Semiconductor Manufacturing Conference (ASMC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/asmc.2016.7491075.

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Mouzakis, Sotirios. "Tiden efter heltene — Underdogfiguren i Mats Wahls ungdomsroman Vinterviken (1993)." In CSS Conference 2019. Centre for Scandinavian Studies Copenhagen – Lund, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37852/63.c121.

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Choi, Kyung K., Jun Dong, Nickolas Vlahopoulos, Aimin Wang, and Weiguo Zhang. "Parametric Design Sensitivity Analysis of High Frequency Structural-Acoustic Problems Using Energy Finite Element Method." In ASME 2003 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2003/dac-48753.

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A design sensitivity analysis of high frequency structural-acoustic problem is formulated and presented. The Energy Finite Element Method (EFEM) is used to predict the structural-acoustic responses in high frequency range, where the coupling between the structural and acoustic domain are modeled by using radiation efficiency. The continuum design sensitivity formulation is derived from the governing equation of EFEM and the discrete method is applied in the variation of the structural-acoustic coupling matrix. The direct differentiation and adjoint variable method are both developed for the sensitivity analysis, where the difficulty of the adjoint variable method is overcome by solving a transposed system equation. Parametric design variables such as panel thickness and material damping are considered for sensitivity analysis, and the numerical sensitivity results show excellent agreement comparing with the finite difference results.
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Reports on the topic "EFTEM"

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Rice, P. M., and K. B. Alexander. Practical factors affecting the quantification of elemental concentrations in beam-sensitive ceramics by EFTEM. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/505344.

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Langager, Søren, Anna Kathrine Frørup, André Torre, and Charlotte Lange Hald. Overgange – anbragte unges veje fra skole til uddannelse: Publikation nr. 6 fra følgeforskning af læringsprogrammet Lær for Livet. Aarhus University Library, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/aul.421.

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Dette er den afsluttende rapport om projektet ’Lær for Livet’, som er et projekt initieret af Egmont Fonden. Via blandt andet årlige intensive læringscamps og løbende mentorordninger som supplement til skolens læringsmiljø har projektet haft som overordnet mål at forbedre anbragte børns skolefaglige præstationer og herigennem øge antallet af anbragte unge, der starter på en ungdomsuddannelse efter skolen. I tilknytning til projektet blev etableret et følgeforskningsprojekt, som blev varetaget af DPU, Aarhus Universitet, der fulgte projektet i årene 2014-2020.
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Jespersen, Anna, and Míša Hejná. ”Vokalhelvedet”: hvor svær er dansk udtale, og hvordan undervises der i udtale for andetsprogstalere? Aarhus University Library, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/aul.427.

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Det danske sprog anses af mange lørnere som svært at lære, og især anses det som svært at blive flydende i. Dette bliver ofte tilskrevet den svære danske udtale. Artiklen her viser, at sprogskolernes håndtering af udtaleundervisning kan bidrage til voksne andetsprogstaleres udtaleproblemer. Her undersøges voksne lørneres og underviseres iagttagelser omkring det svære danske sprog, og undervisningen af det. I denne undersøgelse inddrages en analyse af undervisningsmateriale brugt ved voksenundervisning i dansk som andetsprog, og en diskussion af danskeksamener for andetsprogstalere. Vores resultater indikerer at udtale, og især vokaler, anses af både lørnere og undervisere som særligt svære at mestre. Samtidig undervises der ifølge vores informanter ikke nok i vokaludtale på de danske sprogskoler. Selvom de to informantgrupper generelt er relativt enige er især mængden af undervisning i udtale et kontrastpunkt mellem lørnere og undervisere. Vi diskuterer denne forskel, samt betydningen af meget lidt undervisningsmateriale der fokuserer på udtale efter DU-modul 1, og et manglende fokus på udtale i danskeksamenerne.
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Petersen, Kirsten Elisa. Danske daginstitutioners indsatser og disses betydninger for pædagogisk personale, børn og familier under COVID-19 pandemien 2020/2021. Aarhus University Library, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/aul.420.

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Denne rapport præsenterer en række centrale resultater af et forskningsprojekt med fokus på daginstitutioners indsatser og betydning for pædagogisk personale, børn og familier under COVID-19 pandemien i Danmark. Forskningsprojektet har indsamlet data i perioden april 2020 til august 2020, og særligt i perioden fra midt april til juni, hvor alle landets daginstitutioner genåbnede efter cirka en måneds nedlukning af landets offentlige institutioner som følge af regeringens retningslinjer. Der er ligeledes indsamlet data i perioden august til oktober 2020, og igen i perioden januar til februar 2021. Der er således tale om tre empiriske nedslag hen over cirka et år af pandemiens forløb i relation til daginstitutionsledere og pædagogisk personale i landets daginstitutioner. De data, der ligger til grund for denne rapport, omfatter en spørgeskemaundersøgelse rettet mod daginstitutionsledere og en spørgeskemaundersøgelse rettet mod pædagogisk personale i daginstitutioner, geografisk fordelt over hele landet. Fælles for spørgeskemaundersøgelserne er et fokus på at udforske, hvordan daginstitutioner har arbejdet under COVID-19 pandemien, dels under selve nedlukningen i marts-april, hvor flere af landets daginstitutioner har fungeret som nødpasning, særligt for forældre med kritiske samfundsfunktioner, og dels under genåbningsfaserne, der officielt blev påbegyndt i midten af april og især har forløbet hen over forår og tidlig sommer 2020. Derudover er der ad to omgange foretaget en række forskningsinterview med daginstitutionsledere. I første omgang blev der foretaget 10 forskningsinterview i perioden august til november 2020, og i anden omgang er der foretaget 8 forskningsinterview med daginstitutionsledere fordelt på landets daginstitutioner omfattende perioden januar til februar 2021. Formålet med dette forskningsprojekt har været at kortlægge og udforske, hvordan daginstitutionsledere og pædagogisk personale i en række danske daginstitutioner for 0-6-årige børn løfter den store samfundsmæssige udfordring at håndtere COVID-19 pandemien på landets daginstitutioner.
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